International Webinar 2020: Mainstreaming Lakes in the Global Water Agenda – Lake Basin Management Experiences in Asia & Africa: Towards Global Cross-fertilization
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL HYDRAULIC RESEARCH AND WATER INSTITUTE OF MALAYSIA
Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) initiatives towards transforming the Malaysian Water Sector
Zati Sharip National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) Ministry of Environment and Water
27 OKTOBER 2020 CONTENTS
❑ Importance and values of lakes ❑ Major challenges facing lakes ❑ Integrated Lake Basin management (ILBM) initiatives ❑ Strategic plan for Sustainable Lake & Reservoir Development & Management ❑ Lake Brief Progress ❑ Blueprint for Lakes & Reservoir Research and Development ❑ National Lake Water Quality Standards ❑ Guideline for Integrated Lake Basin Management Plan ❑ Integrated Lake Basin Management Plan (ILBMP) ❑ ILBM in Water Sector Transformation Agenda IMPORTANCE OF LAKES
• First few national studies/program on lakes by NAHRIM and ASM • Inventory of major lakes: 90 major lakes • Eutrophication status: >60% were categorized as eutrophic • These waterbodies are functioning as • Water supply • Hydropower • Flood mitigation • Recreation & tourism • Habitat
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives
INVENTORY & CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES • Ongoing studies documented more than 1500 inland waterbodies (including bunded storage, off-river storage reservoir, Hybrid off-river augmentation system, detention ponds) • Classification (i.e. ≥1 ha) -> ~430 lakes
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives VALUE OF LAKE AND RESERVOIR RESOURCES IN MALAYSIA
• Water supply • Domestic and industrial water supply: > 60 reservoirs supply 98% of the total national water use; numerous ponds as alternative source of water supply • Irrigation: ~10 reservoirs i.e. Bukit Merah, Muda, Pedu and Ahning Reservoir
• Hydroelectric • 16 reservoirs i.e. Kenyir, Bakun & Chenderoh Dam; contribute 5% of national electricity demand
• Flood mitigation • 16 reservoirs i.e. Timah Tasoh, Batu Dam, Semberong Dam, Bekok Dam & Machap Dam - reduced flooding risk • >1500 flood detention ponds in urban areas Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives VALUE OF LAKE AND RESERVOIR RESOURCES IN MALAYSIA
• Fishing and aquaculture • Kenyir, Batang Ai & Temenggor Reservoir - Freshwater cage culture • Chenderoh & Beris Reservoir – Sport fishing
• Biodiversity • Bera and Bukit Merah Reservoir: arowana • Numerous species of freshwater fish, plankton and flora
• Recreation and tourism • Amenity to urban populations: Putrajaya, Titiwangsa & Taiping Lake Garden • Tourism: Kenyir, Batang Ai, Temenggor • Heritage and patrimony • Older lakes support community and cultural values; Dayang Bunting and Chini Lake
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives Major Challenges
• Deterioration of lakes due to eutrophication, sedimentation and pollution (point sources and non- point sources) • Unplanned / unsustainable catchment development was the most pervasive issue facing Malaysian lakes • Fragmentation of governance mechanisms • No ILBM based management plan for majority of lakes • Most lakes did not have a central management authority that extend throughout the whole lake basins
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives Strategic Plan for Sustainable Lake and Reservoir Development and Management
National Water Resources Council approved in 2012:
National Vision for Malaysian Lakes. “The sustainable use of lakes for their ecosystem services and economic values”
Policy Framework Statement “Lakes and reservoirs will be sustained, restored and protected through the adoption of an Integrated Lake Basin Management (ILBM) approach”. ILBM Initiatives Strategic Plan for Sustainable Lake and Reservoir Development and Management
I. Identify and Empower a Lead Ministry/Agency II. Establish a central management committee at the Federal Level – headed by NRE III. NAHRIM as a Centre for Lake Research and Resources IV. Establish Lake Management Committees at State level V. Development of a Detailed Action Plan VI. Strengthen regulatory framework VII. Support the role of Local Communities in Lake Management VIII. Enhance networking and strengthen international strategic alliances ILBM Initiatives LAKE BRIEF PROGRESS – 4 series (38 lakes)
Bukit Merah reservoir, Tasik Kenyir, Logan Bunut, Tasik Pedu & Muda, Tasik Putrajaya and • Series 1 (2010) Wetlands, Tasik Chini, Tasik Terip and Tasik Timah Tasoh Bera Lake, Paya Indah Wetlands, Beris Dam, Sembrong Dam, Ringlet Lake, Chenderoh • Series 2 (2011) Dam, Klang Gate Dam and Sg Selangor Dam Batang Ai Lake, Bukit Kwong Dam, Durian Tunggal Dam, Taiping Lake Garden, FRIM’s Lake • Series 3 (2012) and Wetlands, Jor Lake, Pergau Lake, Babagon Dam, Tasik Subang and Langat Dam
Temenggor Lake, Malut Dam, Sg Tinggi Dam, Semenyih Dam, Ahning Dam, Upper Layang • Series 4 (2019) Dam, Lebam Dam, Mengkuang Dam, Telok Bahang Dam, Air Hitam Dam, Berombak & Jambu Bongkok lakes
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives
BLUEPRINT FOR LAKE AND RESERVOIR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA, 2014 • Provide disciplinary focus / list of research areas needed on lakes in Malaysia • Provide spatial focus / prioritise lakes needing ILBM plan
1. Governance 2. Ecosystem services and socio-economic 3. Pollution and water quality 4. Eco-hydrology and basin management 5. Biodiversity and natural products 6. Physical limnology and hydrodynamics
7. Sustainable technology LAKE RESEARCH THEMES RESEARCH LAKE
Integrated Conservation and Enable stakeholders to research development Plan pursue appropriate strategies
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives
NATIONAL LAKE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA & STANDARDS
NLWQS 2015 Approved (2017)
Roadshow to all states & agencies National Water Resources Council
• Standard for ambient monitoring of lake water quality • To support decision making and management • Aims: protecting human health and ecosystem health ILBM Initiatives GUIDELINE FOR DEVELOPING LAKE BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN, 2018
• Description • Evaluation • Management Objective • Action Program
Lake Brief
Blueprint ILBM Plan Governance Improvement NLWQS
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives
INTEGRATED LAKE BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN
• Three ILBM PLAN completed (2016 – 2018: Sembrong, Batang Ai, Durian Tunggal);
• Four ILBM plan in progress (2019 – 2020: Bukit Merah & Chenderoh; 2020: Timah Tasoh & Melati) ILBM Initiatives
ILBM PLAN FOR SEMBRONG LAKE
Major issues/Focus area: Eutrophication • Hyper-eutrophic; high level of cyanobacteria or blue green algae poses health threat to water consumers • sources of pollution: agricultural activities, untreated wastewater and land development within catchment
Kluang District • Proper wastewater treatment plant for the Batu Pahat residential area & subsurface filtration and District activated sludge at individual premises; • Buffer Zone for plantation and modern agriculture • Proper cross drain to control surface run-off • Lead agency: one stop centre (OSC) at BAKAJ
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives
ILBM PLAN FOR BATANG AI RESERVOIR
Major focus area: • Water quality still good; Cage culture; floating houses along Sg Engkari; villages/longhouses along rivers • sources of pollution: agricultural activities, untreated wastewater and land development within catchment
• Strengthen Development Planning conditions • Buffer Zone along rivers • One dedicated institution to manage the catchment • Lead agency: Sarawak EPU-NREB ILBM Initiatives
ILBM PLAN FOR BUKIT MERAH & CHENDEROH LAKES
• Two oldest reservoirs • Multiple functions • Multiple districts
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector ILBM Initiatives
ILBM PLAN FOR BUKIT MERAH & CHENDEROH LAKES
Chenderoh Lake Bukit Merah Lake Ecosystem services Ecosystem services a. Chenderoh a. Kerian Irrigation hydropower Scheme – 24,000 generation hectare b. Tourism & Heritage b. Domestic Water Recommendation: i. Raban lake Supply • Buffer Zone ii. Lenggong World c. Flood Mitigation • Construction of Heritage Site & d. Tourism – Bukit bund Geopark Merah Lake Town • Proper iii. Freshwater Resort maintenance and fishing hotspot e. Arowana Sanctuary management c. Flood Mitigation • Lead agency: State EPU-DID Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector IWRM BIG PICTURE
IWRM – (Integrated Water Resources Management)
GOVERNMENT Components IWRM requires cross- sectoral, multi-level (all agencies) IRBM – Integrated River Basin approach Management IWRM IFRM – Integrated Flood Risk Management IRBM ILBM – Integrated Lake Basin Management IFRM IAWM – Int Agriculture Water ILBM Management IUFM – Int Urban Flood DRR SOCIETY SCIENCEs Management (communities DRR – Disaster Risk Reduction & private sectors) CCIA – Climate Change Impact Adaptation, etc
Salmah Zakaria, 17th World Lake Conference 2018 Connection between ILBM & IWRM
• The need to focus on lake management due to • lentic characteristics • Impact on the river quality • Impact to the water supply/resources
Sharip, 2020: ILBM Initiatives toward transforming the Malaysian Water Sector IWRM – Key Milestones in Malaysia 2008 2012 Water Service 2016 2000 National Water ILBM Industry Act Resources Policy MSAN 11 Formation of related 2004 Formation of (NWRP) launched • Groundwater Selangor Natural Kedah Water MSAN 07 Usage during Water Resources Droughts and Resources Board Strategy Plan for Management Environment MSAN 04 Integrated Lake • Alternative Water Authority - Ministry Gazette River Basin Resources Master created Plan LUAS Reserves and Flood Management 2014 • Inter-basin Mitigation Adoption of IASM MSAN 09 2006 2010 Transfer 1993 By NRE/JMG • Urban Flash Flood 2002 Formation MSAN 05 • Water Demand Love Our Management Rio+10 of Sabah Resolution of Management • Framework for River Summit Water issues involving Water Resources Campaign Johannes- Resources rivers shared 2030 Sharing Between burg between States Fulfilling UN Council States Sustainable Development Goal 6: Clean Water and 2001 2013 2016 1992 2005 2009 2015 2017 Sanitation Adoption of MSAN 08 Launched of ICWE National Study Implementation UNSD Summit MSAN 12 IWRM under: Expedited the National Dublin & for the Effective of IWRM BMP’s New York Adoption of • 3rd Outline Formation of State Integrated Earth Implementation National Lake Perspective Water Resources Water Summit of IWRM in MSAN 10 Water Quality Plan Council Resources Rio Malaysia 2011 National Agenda Criteria and • 8th Malaysia Management MSAN 06 on Integrated Standards Plan Endorsement of Water Research Plan 2003 National Water Strategy Plan to 1998 MSAN 02 Resources Address Climate Formation of 2007 National Adoption of Policy Change Impacts National MSAN 03 Integrated River Basin Completion of on Water Water Rain Water Management National Water Resources Harvesting Resources Study Council Salmah Zakaria, 17th World Lake Conference 2018 Transforming the water sector: National IWRM Plan – Strategies and Road Map (NIWRMP)
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia
No Component Plan Study Report Completed 1. Integrated Lake Basin Management 2009 2. Integrated Aquifer Systems Management 2011 3. Water Demand Management 2016 4. Water Supply & Wastewater Management Services 2016 5. National Agenda for Integrated Water Research 2014 6. Climate Change and Water 2014 7. Integrated River Basin Management 2016 8. Agriculture Water Services for Water Business 2016 9. NKPA on Water 2015 https://issuu.com/asmpub/docs/web_vol1_gf 10. ASM Mega Science Study: Water Sector 2011
Salmah Zakaria, 17th World Lake Conference 2018 The 12th Malaysia Plan
Ministry of Economic Affairs, 20th June 2019 THANK YOU
http:/www.nahrim.gov.my