9. ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Energy and Infrastructure
9.1
POWER DEVELOPMENT
jŸsh éisÍS« j¡fhU« jhœéyh¢ brštU« nr®tJ ehL. - ÂU¡FwŸ 731 Where spreads fertility unfailing, where besides a band Of virtuous men, and those of ample wealth, call that a "land". - Thirukkural 731
Introduction Power Development has a direct Transmission and Distribution networks and bearing on the quality of life of citizens thus reducing losses in the system. and it also contributes to prosperity of the nation. Power infrastructure has become a Tamil Nadu has one of the better power critical ingredient for the sustainable growth utilities in the country and the power sector of economy. It drives the State’s industrial, in the State has grown manifold in capacity commercial and overall social and economic generation. All the villages and the towns growth. The availability of affordable, reliable are fully electrified. The State has a healthy and quality power is a basic need of the per capita power consumption of 1065 units. State. Power projects are capital-intensive The plant load factor, an important measure by nature with a long gestation period for of efficiency, is higher in Tamil Nadu when commencing the projects. So, adequate compared to other States. Transmission and participation of private sector is encouraged. Distribution loss in Tamil Nadu is very low For an industrialized State like Tamil Nadu, when compared to most of the other States the demand for quality power increases due to its efficient network. The Electricity exponentially and moves in tandem with rate Act 2003 mandates restructuring of the of economic and population growth. Hence, State Electricity Boards into subsidiaries. special emphasis has been accorded for Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) was augmenting power to fully meet the rising reorganized by the establishment of a demand. The Government of Tamil Nadu is holding company, by the name TNEB Ltd., giving topmost priority for development of and two subsidiary companies, namely power infrastructure in the State. Strategic Tamil Nadu Transmission Corporation Ltd., steps are being taken to provide quality and (TANTRANSCO) and Tamil Nadu Generation uninterrupted power supply for all the sectors and Distribution Corporation Ltd., in the State by improving the efficiency of (TANGEDCO) with effect from 01.11.2010.
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Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 The following are the specific strategies for the Twelfth Plan period: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 presents the growth strategies on various fronts. On the • Two port based Ultra Mega Projects of energy front, reforms will be implemented 4,000 MW each are to be set up. in a progressive manner, so that benefits of • Thrust for green power by maximising competition and innovation are delivered to investments in Wind Power to create an the consumers. The total investment in the incremental generation capacity of 5,000 energy sector is estimated to be `4,50,000 MW and additional generation capacity of crore. The major share of investments 5,000 MW in Solar Energy. amounting to `2,30,000 crore will be utilized to augment the power generation capacity in • Increased investments are to be the State. Generation projects of capacity undertaken in the Transmission sector 20,000 MW are expected to be added to the to create evacuation capacity for higher State grid. Of this, atleast 5,000 MW will be power generation capacity with adequate added before the year 2017 to make good the buffers shortage of peak power and energy shortage • Two Greenfield LNG Terminals with 5 that the State faces at present. Significant million tonnes per annum (MTPA) capacity investments to the tune of `2,00,000 each and city gas pipeline infrastructure crore will be made in the development of for 10 towns are to be established. transmission and distribution sector and `20,000 crore in Smart grid. The investment Present Scenario projects in Energy sector is shown in Table 9.1.1. Installed Capacity Table 9.1.1: Projects in Energy Sector Initially, the main thrust was put on (` crore) power generation through tapping of hydel S.No. Projects Investment potential due to cost effective generation. However, it was proved that dependence on 1 Ultra Mega Power 50000 hydro generation made the grid vulnerable to Projects rainfall. The commissioning of new projects 2 Case 2 bidding 60000 during the Tenth Plan and the first three years of the Eleventh Plan period helped to 3 Wind Power 25000 augment the generation capacity. During the Tenth Plan period, there was an additional 4 Solar Power 55000 capacity generation of nearly 2650 MW by 5 LNG Terminal 20000 the commissioning of super thermal projects such as Ramagundam and Talcher, and hydro 6 Gas Grid 20000 projects viz., Pykara, Kuttalam, etc. During 7 Transmission & 200000 the Eleventh Plan, the additional capacity Distribution generation had been only 354.50 MW due to the undue delay in commissioning of the new 8 Investment in 20000 Smart Grid projects, non-sequential supply of material by supplier, shortage of fuels, etc., resulting Total 450000 in under achievement of capacity addition targets. Source: Vision TamilNadu 2023 The total installed capacity generation of Tamil Nadu as on 31.05.12 is 10,364 MW which includes State share(5,709 MW), central share (2,956 MW) and Independent
392 Energy and Infrastructure power producers (1180 MW), Captive power increase in demand, the State became power- plants (214 MW) and External assistance deficit. To mitigate this deficit and to bridge (305 MW) as shown in Graph 9.1.1. the demand-supply gap of electricity, power is being purchased through open tenders Graph 9.1.1: Installed Capacity and power exchanges. The energy sold by Generation in Mega Watts the private sector to TNEB stood at 4994 MU during 2002-03. Since the private sector had 1180 a faster growth, the generation by private 214 sector increased to 6942 MU by 2010-11. The national target for per capita consumption is 2956 1000 units by the year 2012. The State has surpassed the target of 1000 units by the year 2007 itself and during the year 2011-12 it has increased to 1065 units. The average 305 consumption of energy is in the range of 240 to 260 Million units (MU) per day.
5709 Power Crisis
The installed capacity of the State as on 31.5.2012 is 10364 MW. However, the Independent Power Producers Captive Power Plants State External Assistance average availability stands at 8500 MW, while Central Generating Stations the demand for power ranges from 10000- Source: Tamil Nadu Genearation & Distribution 12300 MW. Even after commissioning of Ltd, GoTN alternate sources of generation, the State is facing acute power shortage due to Apart from this, wind mills with a increasing demand. Increase in per capita capacity of 7056 MW, biomass co-generation consumption pattern due to raise in the 637 MW, biomass Power 167 MW, small number of consumers and their consumption hydro 90 MW and waste to energy 4 MW and pattern on one side and capacity addition on solar 17 MW totalling of 7971 MW (as on the other have resulted in widening of the gap 30.6.2012) would also be harnessed to meet between demand and supply. Also, delay in out the present power demand. Although, commissioning of projects, acute corridor the capacity addition was primarily driven by constraint for transmission of power, etc., the growth in the wind energy sector, other are the other factors attributable for power sectors such as solar and biomass have shortage. Due to inadequate tie-up with started to gain prominence. long terms sources of power generation, the possibility of bridging the gap between Energy Availability demand and supply becomes difficult. At present, the shortage is managed by resorting The total energy available with TNEB to power purchases, utilizing wind generation grew from 66815 million units (MU) during and restriction and control measures. The 2007-08 to 77218 MU during 2011-12. The wind power is highly variable in nature share of generation of TNEB through its own depending upon the velocity of wind. Even sources has been 36 percent amounting though it is infirm, Wind Energy Generators to 27941 MU during 2011-12. In the early (WEGs) are connected to the grid. The total stages, entire demand of the State was installed capacity of wind energy generators met by the TNEB’s own generating power in the State is almost 50 percent of the stations. Slowly, the contributions from the total installed capacity of the country. The central power generating stations increased unpredictable nature of wind energy poses substantially. Due to the exponential
393 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu 13 a great challenge for the grid management. system for each power station in the initial HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE Wind mills contribute more than 3000 MW periods, an integrated transmission network during the season between May and October was established at 66 KV level. Later, voltage which helps TANGEDCO to improve the level of transmission was increased to 110 KV power situation in the State. level, with the construction of Mettur-Madras 110 KV link in the year1949. Furthermore, While wind energy is seasonal and erstwhile Tamil Nadu ranked first in the also variable on daily basis, solar energy country to introduce 230 KV transmission has better predictability with average solar network. incidence of 5.5-6 KWh/m2/day. Tamil Nadu is amongst the States with the highest solar insolation in India. With the release of ‘Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012’, the State aims to promote setting up of solar power projects to the extent of 3000 MW over a period of 3 years. Roof top solar installation will be made mandatory in Government buildings and institutions. All domestic consumers will be encouraged to put up roof-top solar installations. Setting up of Solar Power Plants will help to reduce Fig.9.1.1: Transmission Network the Transmission & Distribution losses and other infrastructure expenditure. To match the generation capacity addition and load growth in the State, the Coal continues to remain the mainstay transmission network is strengthened. This of the power sector. Major portion of the total network aims to facilitate free flow of power power comes from coal-fired power stations. across the regions and increase transmission Power sector is the major consumer of coal in voltage from 230 KV to 400 KV. Under this the country absorbing around 78 percent of network, there are 1320 substations of the country’s total coal production. The total various voltage categories viz., Extra High quantity of coal required for TANGEDCO’s Tension (EHT) lines 0.24 lakh circuit km and four Thermal Power Stations with a capacity High Tension (HT) lines 1.56 lakh circuit km of 2970 MW is 16 million tonnes per annum (ckt.km), LT lines 5.67 lakh km, distribution (MTPA). Due to severe scarcity of coal, the transformers 2.13 lakh (numbers) as on Government of India through Coal India 31.3.2012. For optimal utilization of the Ltd., supplies only 13.5 MTPA of coal. The energy generated, an efficient distribution balance requirement of 2.5 million tonnes network is needed. In the distribution of coal is to be imported to bridge the gap network, supply is extended to widely between anticipated demand and domestic scattered industrial, agricultural and availability. It is met by the captive blocks domestic consumers, and also caters to the viz., Gare Pelma Sector II in Chattisgarh and public lighting requirements both in urban Mandakini-B in Odisha for thermal power and rural areas. There has been a sustained generation. growth in the number of consumers on an Transmission and Distribution average upto 5 percent annual growth. The total number of consumers serviced by Tamil Transmission and Distribution Nadu Electricity Board went up from 1.86 network has been expanded in order to crore during 2006-07 to 2.31 crore during distribute quality power efficiently by sound the year 2011-12. The pattern of power infrastructure network to the consumers. consumption in the State is shown in Graph From having a transmission and distribution 9.1.2.
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Graph 9.1.2: Pattern of Electricity Merchant Power plants Consumption As Tamil Nadu has an advantage of having a large coastline, many private Others promoters have shown interest to set up Industrial 9% 2% Thermal stations using imported coal as fuel termed as ‘Merchant Power Plants’. Commercial 13% These Merchant Power Plants will approach TNEB for grid connectivity, since as per the Electricity Act 2003, a generating station may be established, operated and maintained Agriculture 9% without obtaining a license under the Act. These projects could thereafter tie up sale of Domestic 67% power in accordance with the provisions of the Electricity Act 2003 and the Tariff Policy 2006. Accordingly, TNEB will arrange for Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Energy Dept., intrastate power evacuation arrangements, GoTN whereas, interstate transmission of power While transmitting and distributing shall be arranged by Power Grid Corporation the power, line loss occurs in the transit. of India Limited, the Central Transmission The transmission and distribution loss in the Utility. Further, fuel tie up for the Merchant State is estimated to be 17.2 percent during Power Plants will be facilitated and they can 2011-12 as against the All India average of compete for customers and absorb full market 27 percent. risk. However, there are market-based risks Power Transmission Network and to the growing electricity demand and there Formation of National Grid are no guarantees of minimum off-take. Some provide steady supplies to the power An integrated power transmission grid grid, while others open up to meet peak loads helps to even out supply-demand mismatches. when the demand is at the highest. Private- Formation of a strong National Power Grid Public Sector partnership is being solicited in is recognized as a flagship endeavour to power sector to a marked extent. foster the development of the power system to cost-effective fulfillment of objective of Eleventh Plan Performance “Electricity for all” at affordable prices. A The outlay proposed for Eleventh Plan strong All India Grid enables exploitation of for power development was `10711.20 crore unevenly distributed generation resources and the expenditure incurred was `12214 to their optimum potential and also includes crore. The Eleventh Plan targeted the creation synchronous (at the same frequency) of 7808 MW of additional capacity . But the integration of southern region with the rest of projects commissioned during the Eleventh the regions. It enables inter-regional energy Plan were Bhavani Kattalai Barrage II - 30 exchange. It also contributes to greater MW, Valuthur – 92 MW and Kaiga Atomic utilization of generation capacity and an Power Station -131 MW, Simadhri Stage improved power supply position. II-Unit 1 – 95 MW, Periyar Vaigai Hydro Tamil Nadu has made an appeal Electric Project I – 4 MW and Periyar Vaigai to ensure the easing of congestion in the Hydro Electric Project II – 2.5 MW. Hence, electricity transmission to enable the State the actual capacity addition of conventional to avail contracted power from other States. energy source was only 354.5 MW during the The State is deprived of contracted power Eleventh Plan period. from States like Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh due to non-availability of the corridor.
395 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
be undertaken by taking up new projects, executing projects which are yet to be started and expediting the ongoing power projects. It is estimated that by the end of Twelfth Plan, the expected demand of the State will be 18311 MW.
On supply side management, a massive capacity addition programme will be undertaken by expediting the completion of ongoing projects and starting new projects. During the Twelfth Plan period, the capacity addition of 2039.5 MW is expected from the ongoing State projects viz., Small and Mini Fig Fig.9.1.2:9.1.1: Valuthur Valuthur Gas Turbine Gas Turbine Station Station Hydro Projects-56.5 MW, North Chennai Issues such as open access, trading Thermal Power (NCTPS) Stage II (Units 1 of electricity, power exchange, promotion of and 2) – 1200 MW, Mettur Thermal Power green power, minimizing aggregate technical Stage III – 600 MW and Co-generation of commercial losses, conservation and sugar mills – 183 MW. efficiency, etc., will adequately be addressed Other than the projects under State during the Twelfth plan. Growth with sector, two joint venture projects, one with economical sustainability will be achieved Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) (2x500 by devising cost effective strategies for end- MW) at Tuticorin and another with National use demand side management. Required Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) (3x500 capacity addition in a time-bound manner MW) at Vallur are taken up with an expected will be leveraged. share of 1428 MW during the Twelfth Plan Twelfth Five Year Plan period. Out of the 3 units in the joint venture project with NTPC, the first unit has been Objectives commissioned, while the remaining two units • Make Tamil Nadu a Power Surplus State are expected to be commissioned shortly with a share of 1041 MW from the 3 units. In the • Improve energy efficiency in the energy joint venture project with NLC, both the units consuming sectors are expected to be commissioned with a share • Provide access to electricity to all rural of 387 MW during Twelfth plan period. households Tamil Nadu is expected to receive • Reduce Aggregate Technical and 1417 MW as an additional allocation of power Commercial (AT and C) losses to below 15 supply through Central Generating Stations percent from Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project-I Unit I, II (925 MW), Neyveli TS II Expansion • To achieve greater consumer satisfaction (230 MW), PFBR Kalpakkam (167 MW), by employing Information Technology Simadhri Stage II Unit 2 (95 MW). Hence, an enabled services additional capacity of 4884.5 MW is expected Schemes for Twelfth Five Year Plan to be added to the State grid through the ongoing projects of the State, Central and Generation Joint venture sectors. With the objective of managing the The new projects mentioned in ever increasing demand for electricity in the Table 9.1.2 are under process and are State and to make the State power surplus, awaiting clearance from various agencies for massive capacity addition programmes will implementation:
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Table 9.1.2: Twelfth Plan - Power Projects under process S.No. Project Capacity/Share (MW)
1 North Chennai Thermal Power Station stage- 800 III (1 X 800 MW) 2 North Chennai Thermal Power Station stage- 1600 IV (2 x 800 MW) 3 Udangudi Super Critical Thermal Power 1600 Project (2 x 800 MW) 4 Kundah Pumped Storage (4 x 125 MW) 500
Total 4500 Source: TANGEDCO, GoTN
The new projects proposed to be taken up during the Twelfth five year plan period are shown in Table 9.1.3.
Table 9.1.3: Twelfth Plan - New Power Projects to be undertaken S.No. Project Capacity/Share (MW)
1 Uppur Thermal Power Project (2 x 800 MW) 1600
2 Udangudi Super Critical Thermal Power 800 Project Expansion (1 x 800 MW)
3 Replacement of existing Ennore Thermal 660 Power Station 4 Tuticorin Thermal Power Station Stage – IV 800 (1 x 800 MW)
Total 3860
Source: TANGEDCO, GoTN
Apart from the above, an ultra mega To augment the power position using power project of 4000 MW is proposed to be alternative fuel, it is proposed to set up a 500 established at Cheyyur in Tamil Nadu. The MW LNG based power plant utilising the gas share to the State from this project is 1600 to be received through the Kochi-Bangalore MW. A Special Purpose Vehicle M/s. Coastal LNG pipeline network. Besides, a Floating Tamil Nadu Power Ltd., has been formed Storage Degasificiation Unit is proposed to by Power Finance Corporation of India. At be set up along the coastal areas of southern Ennore, it is proposed to set up Super Critical districts. Thermal Power Station of capacity 660 MW by expansion of Ennore Thermal Power Station within the existing plant premises.
397 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
With the commissioning of the above the Transmission and Distribution network projects, the State is expected to be power needs to be strengthened. Technological surplus by the end of the Twelfth five year development for establishment of transmission plan period. lines of higher order would help to evacuate the power generated from the proposed new On the demand side management, plants and reduce transmission losses. restriction control measures include 40 percent cut on base demand and energy for In tandem with the Tamil Nadu HT industrial and commercial services, Load Generation and Distribution Corporation shedding for urban and rural feeders, nine (TANGEDCO), the Tamil Nadu Transmission hours three phase supply to agricultural Corporation (TANTRANSCO) has also taken services, restriction on HT industrial and up establishment of transmission network commercial establishments to draw not adequate to evacuate the power generated more than 10 percent during peak hours. HT from the proposed new power plants and industries are permitted to procure power also to efficiently distribute further down through inter-State and intra-State open the channel. It is proposed to establish 400 access, etc. It is also necessary to promote KV substations with 2500 ckt km of 400 KV lines, 230 KV substations and 200 numbers Box 9.1.1: Measures to Promote of 110 KV substations during Twelfth Five Energy Efficiency through Year Plan. In addition to this for efficient Non-Price Initiatives flow of power across the State, TANTRANSCO will lay a backbone network of 400 KV double • Residential lighting – Replacement of circuit line with Quad conductors connecting incandescent bulbs by energy efficient the following substations during the plan Compact Fluorescent Lamps period i.e., Kayathar(New Sub Station (SS))- • Energy Efficiency in Agricultural Karaikudi (existing PGCIL SS) - Pugalur Pumping – Replacement of inefficient (existing PGCIL SS) – Singarapet (New SS) – agricultural pumps by efficient pumps Ottiyambakkam (New SS). • Energy Efficiency in Industry- Further, to harness the full potential Declaration of industrial units as of eco–friendly wind power, an exclusive designated consumers by achieving corridor for evacuation of wind power is also the target percentage reduction in its programmed during the plan period as set energy consumption and to receive out below: Energy Savings Certificate • Thappagundu (New SS) - Anaikadavu (New • Energy efficiency in buildings- SS) -Rasipalayam (New SS) - Salem(765 New Buildings to adopt Energy KV new SS by PGCIL). Conservation Building Code and also • enable the existing buildings to reduce Abhisekapatty(PGCIL SS) –Kanarpatty their energy consumption (Prop. New SS) – Kayathar (New SS) – Thennampatti (New SS) – Kovilpatty (New 765 KV PGCIL SS). energy efficiency through non-price initiatives in industries, new buildings, agricultural • Vagarai (New SS) – Singarapet (New SS). pumps, etc. Also, harnessing alternative In order to improve the transmission sources of energy like wind, solar power, etc., network within the Greater Chennai city, will be encouraged. new 400 KV substations are proposed Transmission and Distribution at Thervaykandiagai, Korattur, Manali and Guindy. Similarly, to improve the In order to support large expansion transmission infrastructure of the State in in consumption and production of electricity, pace with the generation, a number of sub –
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stations will be established during the plan Distribution system is entirely in the period. domain of the State. The financial viability of the power sector as a whole depends upon To strengthen the transmission the revenues collected at the distribution end. network, huge capital investment is required The severe financial constraint of the power apart from the conventional funding sector necessitates that the distribution is institutions viz., Rural Electrical Corporation, made viable in the Twelfth Plan by bringing Power Finance Corporation, etc. Hence, it is modern management systems using ICT and proposed to strengthen transmission network enforcing accountability. During Twelfth under Official Development Assistance (ODA) Plan, the expected growth for LT lines is 2.5 loan of Japan International Co-operative percent, HT lines 3.5 percent and distribution Agency (JICA) by establishing 5 nos., of transformers is 4.5 percent. Based on these, 400 KV substations and 14 nos., of 230 KV the expected additions during Twelfth Plan substations with associated lines during the are shown in Table 9.1.4. next five years.
Table 9.1.4: Transmission and Distribution works during Twelfth Plan
As on Expected Addition for Twelfth Plan Description March 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2012
LT lines (in km) 567160 14250 14600 15000 15350 15750
HT lines (in ckt km) 155602 4725 4850 5000 5150 5300
Transformers (Nos.) 212921 9600 10025 10475 10950 11450
Source: TANGEDCO, GoTN
The Transmission and Distribution lines to high voltage lines along with feeder loss in the State is estimated to be 17.2 separation will reduce the distribution line percent for the year 2011-12. Though the loss losses to a greater extent. Segregation of is very much low as compared to other States, feeders i.e., agriculture loads from industrial, measures are taken to reduce the loss further. commercial and domestic loads will be done The primary step to achieve the target is to in a phased manner to address the need for reduce the HT-LT ratio to 1:1 and erect new providing electricity for agriculture. In Tamil substations and extra high tension link lines. Nadu, there are about 2870 rural feeders. The following schemes will be implemented to It is proposed to carry out segregation of improve the distribution sector and to reduce agricultural loads from industrial, commercial transmission and distribution losses. and domestic loads in about 2000 feeders along with implementation of High Voltage Segregation of Feeders Density System (HVDS). Segregation of feeders will be done in a phased manner. Initially, the segregation along with HVDS of Out of the total losses in the network, about 100 feeders has been programmed to distribution line loss in the LT lines forms the be taken up in Villupuram region. major part. Hence, conversion of low voltage
399 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Restructured Accelerated Power additional transformers, transformer capacity Development and Reforms Programme enhancement in 110 KV SS and 33 KV SS, (R-APDRP) Erection of new 33 KV feeders/ bifurcation, reconducting of 33 KV feeders, installation The R-APDRP has been launched of remote switchable breakers/switches in by Ministry of Power, Government of India 33 KV SS, Renovation and Modernisation during the Eleventh Plan period. The objective of 33/11 KV SS, Installation of distribution of Restructured APDRP Scheme is to provide transformers, Capacity enhancement of quality and reliable power supply to the LT sub-stations, conversion of low voltage consumers and reduce the aggregate technical lines to high voltage lines along with feeder and commercial (AT and C)losses below 15 separation is envisaged. The above scheme percent by the end of Twelfth Plan period. To shall be completed by February 2014 for achieve the objectives, a holistic improvement which sanction has been accorded for 87 of measuring systems for accounting energy towns and works are expected to be taken on priority and strengthening the distribution up shortly. It is also proposed to extend the system is insisted. The project area will cover scheme to areas not covered under RAPDRP the towns and cities with a population of more in the State. On execution of the improvement than 30,000 as per 2001 census. An outlay works in the restructure APDRP schemes, of `3078.73 crore is proposed by Government AT and C losses are expected to be reduced of India in the Twelfth Plan. The project has with improved voltage profile and thereby been taken up in two parts. able to cope up the demand. Implementation of IT enabled services under the scheme is Part A includes the projects also likely to improve consumer satisfaction for establishment of baseline data and considerably. information technology applications for energy accounting/ auditing and information Conversion of Overhead Lines to Cables technology based consumer service centers, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Coastal areas of Tamil Nadu are often (SCADA) and Distribution Management affected by hurricane and cyclone. Large System (DMS) implementation in towns with scale damage to Extra High Tension (EHT), population of more than 4 lakh and annual High Tension (HT) and Low Tension (LT) lines energy consumption of more than 350 MUs. occurred in the Nagapattinam and Cuddalore Under Part-A of R-APDRP, the Government areas especially in Cuddalore. Hence, it is of India has sanctioned Detailed Project proposed to convert High Tension Overhead Reports (DPRs) for 110 towns at a total cost of (HTOH) lines and Low Tension Overhead `417 crore for IT implementation in addition (LTOH) lines to HT cables and LT cables to `182.17 crore for SCADA and DMS respectively to minimize the damage and loss implementation in seven eligible towns in the and for easy restoration of power supply. State. The above scheme will be completed In the first phase, overhead lines to cable by May 2013. The works are in progress in conversion is proposed in cyclone affected three pilot towns namely Gobichettipalayam, areas of Cuddalore and Nagapattinam Bhavani and Sathyamangalam urban circles. Total HT lines in Cuddalore circle is agglomeration towns. In addition, the works 5865 km and LT lines is 14,639 km while in have been taken up in 11 fast track towns. Nagapattinam circle total HT lines is 3552 Part-B of R-APDRP, includes regular km and LT lines is 9004 km. Out of this, it distribution strengthening and improvement is proposed to convert 20 percent of HT lines projects. The main objective of this scheme and 30 percent of LT lines in the above areas is to bring down the AT and C losses within to cables. Total cost for the conversion of 15 percent for which erection of new and overhead lines to cables in Cuddalore and
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Nagapattinam circles is estimated as `300 Energy Conservation crore and `190 crore respectively totalling to As a major initiative to promote power `490 crore in the first phase. savings, Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran will be provided without cost to 14.62 lakh Yojana (RGGVY) huts to replace incandescent lights at a cost of `14.62 crore which is expected to result The State of Tamil Nadu had been in a saving of 45 MW of power each year. declared 100 percent electrified as all the Action will be initiated to implement Energy 15400 (as per 2001 census) inhabited villages Conservation Building Code in commercial were electrified. With the implementation buildings and certain categories of major of GoI scheme viz., Rajiv Gandhi Grameen building complexes based on their energy Vidyutikaran Yojana aimed to achieve the consumption. At 30 percent energy savings, goal of electrification of all households in this has the potential to save around 3 MW the State, below poverty line households per 10 lakh square feet area. Initiatives are will be provided service connections, in being taken to strengthen the transmission addition to the 100 percent of the population infrastructure for evacuation of wind energy. (16.92 lakh households) will get access to electricity. Under the Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana, the State has obtained sanction for implementation of the scheme in 26 districts at a cost of `447.41crore towards 100 percent electrification of rural households.The RGGVY works in all the 26 districts have been completed, thereby providing electrification to all the households. Implementation of this scheme to electrify all the rural households in the remaining
Fig.9.1.4: Energy Conservation - Compact Fluorescent Lamps
Twelfth Five Year Plan Outlay Fig.9.1.3: Rural Electrification in Tamil Nadu A sum of `26719.25 crore is earmarked as State outlay for the Power three districts viz., Nilgris, Tirunelveli and development Sector for the Twelfth Five Year Dharmapuri will be completed by 2014. Plan as shown is Table 9.1.5.
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Table: 9.1.5: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Power Development
(` crore) S.No. Name of the Scheme Outlay
1 Generation 8600.00 2 Transmission 5700.00 3 Distribution 4640.00 4 Share Capital Assistance to TNEB 7500.00 5 Rural Electrification 264.63 6 Provision of Compact Fluorescent 14.62 Lamps for huts
Total 26719.25
The Table 9.1.6 provides monitorable targets for the Twelfth Five Year Plan.
Table 9.1.6: Monitorable Targets for Twelfth Five Year Plan
S.No. Name of the Project Units Target
I Generation (Proposed capacity addition)
State sector MW 9459.50 Central Sector (Share) MW 1428.00 Joint Venture (Share) MW 1417.00 Ultra Mega Power Project MW 1600.00
Tariff based competitive bidding MW 1600.00
Total MW 15504.50
II Transmission and Distribution
Substations Number 325
EHT lines Circuit km 4500
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9.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Introduction India has been making rapid strides Among the above mentioned sources, in conventional as well as renewable power the first three renewable energy sources, viz., generation. In the last six decades, in spite of wind, solar and bio energy are being harnessed installed electricity capacity in India having in a big way in India and also in Tamil Nadu. increased substantially, the demand has With a view to develop and propagate the outstripped the supply as a result of economic non-conventional sources of energy, the growth, urbanization and growing population Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency leading to substantial energy and peak (TEDA) was formed. Apart from serving as a shortages which have consistently remained coordinating agency to promote and harness above 10 percent level. Creation of fossil the use of renewable energy sources, TEDA fuel based power plants lets out substantial acts as nodal agency to the Ministry of New green house gas/ carbon emission into the and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government atmosphere causing climate change and of India to implement centrally funded and global warming. The country is endowed with sponsored schemes in the state. large amount of sustainable resource base and non-conventional energy technologies Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012 which are well-suited for grid connected Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012 power generation, energy supplies in remote aims at generating 3000 MW of solar power areas which are not/ could not be connected by 2015 with a vision of developing the State to the grid and for captive consumption. as a world leader in Solar Energy. Tamil Nadu has also made pioneering This will be achieved through Utility attempts to harness non-conventional Scale Projects (1500 MW), Rooftops (350 MW) sources of energy especially the wind power. The Government of Tamil Nadu is committed to mitigate climate change effects by bringing Box 9.2.1: Policy Initiatives out policies conducive to promote renewable • Net Metering to Solar power energy generation in the State. It intends to systems installed in the commercial make renewable energy a people’s movement establishments and individual homes just like rain water harvesting. connected to the grid with power credits The State is blessed with various • Projects for Power evacuation at multiple forms of renewable energy sources. The voltage levels environment-friendly renewable energy sources are perennial in nature, available • Wheeling and Banking of power Charges locally and quite suitable for decentralized for wheeling of power generated from applications. The important renewable energy Solar Power Projects for captive use/ sources are as follows: third party sale within the state • Wind Energy (including offshore wind) • Exemption from payment of Electricity • Solar Energy Tax to the extent of 100 percent for 5 years • Biomass and other forms of bio energy • Small Hydro • Tax Concessions • Tidal Energy • Exemption of Demand cut • Ocean Thermal Energy Source: Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012 • Municipal and Industrial Wastes
403 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu and under Renewable Energy Certificate Tamil Nadu will position itself (REC) (1150 MW) mechanism. Out of 1500 as the regional hub for integrated solar MW in utility scale, 1000 MW will be funded manufacturing and technology development through Solar Purchase Obligation (SPO) and as global majors will be invited to invest in balance 500 MW through Generation Based creation of manufacturing facilities in the Incentive provided by the Government. By State. Apart from encouraging indigenous Solar Purchase Obligation (SPO), High solar manufacturing facilities with incentives, Tension consumers will have to ensure that the policy aims at promoting research 3 percent of their energy consumption is and development in the sector and hybrid through solar energy by 2013, which will be systems, besides creating skilled manpower increased to 6 percent from January 2014. and jobs. TEDA is the nodal agency for Low Tension consumers viz., domestic, huts, guaranteed single window clearances to be cottage and tiny industries, powerlooms, made within 30 days so that the plants to agriculture are exempted from SPO. be commissioned in less than 12 months. An empowered committee will accord project Box 9.2.2: Promotion of Solar clearances for the establishment of solar Energy power projects to be bid out in the State. • Promotion of Solar Rooftop Systems Present Scenario – Renewable Energy (Domestic) – Generation Based Incentive Sources of `2 per unit for first two years, `1 per The total installed capacity of power unit for next two years and `0.5 per generation from renewable energy sources in unit for subsequent years Tamil Nadu is 7971Mega Watt (MW) as on • Solar Parks to be set up with a capacity 30.06.2012, which includes wind (7056 MW) of about 50 MW each in 24 districts and co-generation (637 MW) and biomass • Establishment of exclusive Solar power (167 MW), solar (17 MW), small hydro Manufacturing Parks to promote solar (90 MW) and waste to energy (4MW) as shown manufacturing industries in these in Graph 9.2.1. parks Graph 9.2.1: Installed Capacity of • Establishment of Solar Power Plants Renewable Sources of Energy (MW) in all industrial estates subject to land availability at reasonable cost • Investments through Joint Ventures by State Public Sector Undertakings at competitive tariffs • Promotion of Rooftops in Government buildings and all street lights and water supply installations in local bodies • Installation of Solar Water Heating System mandatory for buildings, new houses/ hotels and industries having boilers Source: Tamil Nadu Solar Energy Policy 2012
Source: Policy note (2012-13) Energy Dept,GoTN
404 Energy and Infrastructure
The total renewable energy installed capacity of India is about 24833 MW (as on 30.6.2012) which is only about 12 percent of the total installed capacity of the country. Tamil Nadu leads in the renewable energy space in the country and accounts for 32 percent of the total installed renewable energy capacity in the country and contributes about 43 percent of the total installed capacity (conventional plus renewable energy) of Tamil Nadu. Electricity generated from renewable energy sources accounted for 14.9 percent of the total electricity generated in the State (77218 MU) in 2011-12. About 12.64 percent (9763 MU) of this was generated through wind farms.
Cumbum pass) parts of the State. Total installed capacity under wind mill generation is 7056 MW. Tamil Nadu tops in harnessing resources of energy among all Indian States with around 41 percent of India’s installed capacity, thus making it a clear leader in the wind energy sector. The growth in the wind energy sector in the State has been phenomenal as shown in Graph 9.2.2.
Graph 9.2.2: Wind Generation and Capacity Addition
Fig.9.2.1: Wind and Solar Hybrid System
In the State, the contribution to the installed capacity is highest from wind energy, followed by bagasse-based co- generation plants in sugar industries. This has largely come through private investments encouraged by policy initiatives of the Central and the State Governments. Wind Energy Wind energy is one of the cleanest renewable sources of power. The potential Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Energy Dept,GoTN area that are suitable for establishment of wind generators are mostly confined to the southern (Aralvoimozhi pass and Shengottai pass) and south western (Palghat and
405 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Solar Energy Tamil Nadu has a very good solar potential with 300 clear sunny days as it receives very high solar radiation. The Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) technology which enables the direct conversion of sun light into electricity has several distinct advantages, since it does not have moving parts, produces no noise or pollution, requires very little maintenance and can be installed anywhere. These advantages make them an ideal power source for use especially in remote and isolated areas which are not Fig.9.2.3: Solar Street Light served by conventional electricity, making use of ample sunshine available in the State. Realizing the importance and need SPV technology provides for decentralized for large scale promotion of solar energy in installations thereby minimizing the need the country, the Government of India had for transmission infrastructure. Similarly announced Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Solar Thermal with potential for storage is yet Mission (JNNSM). JNNSM is an important another very good solar technology. program of the Government of India under Renewable Energy sector and aims at establishing India as a global leader in solar energy by creating policy conditions for its diffusion across the country. It is the major initiative to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India’s energy security challenge. This mission has been launched with a view to achieve 22000 MW of solar capacity by the year 2022 which is to be implemented in 3 phases for All India as shown in Table 9.2.1. Phase I of the Mission has a target to achieve 1000 MW of installed Fig.9.2.2: Solar Water Heater capacity. Of the State target of 22MW, 12 MW has been commissioned in Tamil Nadu.
Table 9.2.1: Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) S.No. Application segment Units Target for Target for Target for Phase I Phase II Phase III (2010-13) (2013-17) (2017-22)
million 1 Solar collectors 7 15 20 sq.mts 2 Off Grid solar MW 200 1000 2000 applications 3 Utility Grid power, MW 1000-2000 4000-10000 20000 including roof top
Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Dept. of Energy, GoTN
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The Mission also envisages provision of generation based incentive for a period of 25 years for utility power generation.
The 5 MW Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) power plant, first grid connected demonstration solar power plant in Tamil Nadu, under the Generation Based Incentive Programme, commissioned during the year 2010 is functioning well in Sivagangai District. 7 projects of each 1 MW, one project of 5 MW and one project of 10 MW have been sanctioned for the State under phase-I of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM). through combustion to produce steam which drives a turbine to generate electricity.
• Biomass combustion - The total installed capacity of the Grid interactive Biomass power projects in the State as on 30.6.2012 is 165.5 MW
• Biomass Gasification - The installed capacity of Grid connected Biomass Gasifier systems is 1.5 MW
• Bagasse Cogeneration - 637 MW of installed capacity is available from Biomass Co-generation plant from Sugarmills Fig.9.2.4: Solar Water Heater Biomass Energy • Bio methanisation – The installed capacity of the grid interactive Biogas power plants Bio-mass produced by green plants is 4.25 MW through photosynthesis using sunlight, contains organic matter which could Eleventh Five Year Plan Performance be converted to energy. Biomass can be obtained by raising energy plantations or The Eleventh Plan Outlay earmarked may be obtained from organic waste. The for Non-conventional Sources of Energy was biomass resources can be used in bio-energy `32.10 crore. As the scheme viz., Integrated technologies viz., biogas, gasifier, biomass Rural Energy Programme (with an allocation combustion, cogeneration, etc., to produce of `15.25 crore in the Eleventh Plan) had energy-thermal or electricity. Biomass can be been discontinued, the total allocation for the used in three ways – one in the form of gas eleventh plan was reduced to `16.85 crore, through gasifiers for thermal applications, of which, an expenditure of `9.54 crore was second in the form of methane gas to run incurred for the Eleventh Plan. The physical gas engines and produce power and the third achievements are shown in Table 9.2.2.
407 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Table 9.2.2: Physical Achievements of Eleventh Plan S.No. Items Target Achievement (Nos.) (Nos.)
I WIND ENERGY 1 New Wind monitoring Stations 15 3 2 Wind mill water pump 25 3 3 Wind Solar Hybrid system - 5 (2.1 KW each) II. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY 4 Solar street lights 2500 65 5 Solar Home lights 5000 832 6 Solar powered vaccine refrigerators 25 10 7 Solar education kit 2500 445
III. SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY 8 Solar water heating system in 125 215 Government buildings Solar dish cookers 9 2500 109 10 Energy conservation Battery operated 25 5 vehicles 16 seater van 11 Replacement by CFLs 5000 600 Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Dept. of Energy, GoTN
Issues faced by the Renewable Energy • Private entrepreneurs are reluctant to Sector invest in commercial projects in the absence of a long term renewable energy • Wind Energy is totally dependent on policy with low cost funding nature and the power generation is subject to wide fluctuation, because of which it is • There are only a few providers for financing considered as ‘infirm’ power and requires renewable energy projects viz., IREDA, balancing systems some developed finance institutions, a handful of commercial banks and Non • With total installed capacity of wind Banking Finance Companies as compared generators at 7056 MW, there is to those for conventional energy power urgent need to strengthen evacuation plants infrastructure for wind energy Twelfth Five Year Plan • Since the unit price to consumer for renewable energy technologies such as The vision of the State during Twelfth solar cooker, solar geycers, solar lanterns Five Year Plan is to harness the under-utilized and biogas plants are high, it has not been potential of renewable energy sources such possible to generate sufficient demand for as bio-mass, wind, solar and hydro power these items though people are aware of its and also harness the untapped potential of advantages renewable energy sources such as off-shore • There is no mandate for the consumer to wind energy, ocean-thermal, solar thermal push for green renewable projects/ power energy, waste to energy etc., and to promote
408 Energy and Infrastructure rooftop renewable energy installations Physical Target thereby making Renewable Energy (RE) a mass movement. The state is in the process The physical target for renewable of formulating a separate policy for renewable sources of energy is shown in Table 9.2.3. energy to encourage private investment in Table 9.2.3: Physical Target for the renewable energy. Twelfth Plan Objectives S.No. Resources Capacity • Providing long term sustainable energy addition and reducing dependence on fossil fuels (MW) • Encouraging renewable energy 1 Wind 6000 manufacturing facilities in the State. 2 Solar 3000 • Reducing carbon emissions. 3 Bio 1285 • Generation capacity addition of 10650 MW by the end of Twelfth plan through 4 Waste to Energy 250 Renewable Energy Sources. 5 Small Hydro 100 • Promotion of Research and Development 6 Others (Ocean, Wave, 15 on various combinations of renewable Tide, Geothermal, energy technologies. Hydrogen etc.) • Employment generation and creation of skilled man power. Total 10650 Strategies
The strategies to be followed during Schemes for Twelfth Five Year Plan the plan period to achieve the above objectives are as follows: Development of Solar Power
• Charting a road map for promotion for Solar Power The State receives very high solar radiation which indicates a very clear potential • Promoting Repowering of windmills of solar based power generation. Vision • Promoting offshore wind Tamil Nadu 2023 envisages solar as sunrise sector and it will actively be encouraged. The • Integrating biomass based power projects with energy plantations in coordination state has a significant focus on achieving the with Forest Department leadership in solar power.
• Levying green energy cess to fund As envisaged in Vision 2023, thrust renewable energy development will be given for green power to create • Encouraging public private partnership in an incremental generation capacity by renewable energy projects in a sustainable maximizing investments in wind and solar manner power. It is proposed to set up Solar Parks by Tamil Nadu Industrial Development • Encouraging incentivized renewable Corporation (TIDCO) to produce 1,000 MW energy generation programme through government and private firms in the next five years. In the first phase,` 1,000 crore will be invested on establishment of 100-MW solar power plants in southern districts. The technology can be either photovoltaic or solar thermal.
409 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Special Programmes proposed to be promote grid connected SPV rooftops with implemented are as follows: net metering. • Solar Powered Green Houses - Provision ii. Private Educational Institutions of solar powered home lighting in 3 lakh Green Houses to be constructed by Rural • Installation of Wind and Solar hybrid Development Department @ 60,000 systems or Solar PV power plants to meet at houses per year least 5 percent of their total annual energy • Solar Powered Street Lights - Energisation consumption for all private educational of one Lakh street lights through solar institutions power with 20,000 street lights per year • Provision of solar water heating systems to • Establishment of Solar Parks through be strictly enforced for adherence Competitive Bidding Process Promoting Small SPV Rooftop Systems • Electrification through renewable energy for the remaining 73 non-electrified The Government of Tamil Nadu will remote habitations in the State shall be provide better feed-in-tariff or Generation carried out Based Incentive towards promoting small (Low Tension) SPV Roof top systems Promoting Solar Thermal Systems (delivering solar power to the grid) in the State. Government will also promote net- It is proposed to provide solar dish metering which would eliminate the need for cookers to the noon meal centres. Installation batteries in these systems. A plan outlay of of Solar water heating systems will be made `27 crore is provided for setting up of 1 MW mandatory for industries having hot water of SPV power plant in the State during the boiler/ steam boiler using fossil fuel. Twelfth Plan period.
Installation of Roof Top Systems to Promoting Solar Power Plants Buildings /Educational Institutions Partly through Rural Electrification Commission (REC) and Sale to Third Installation of SPV rooftop systems Party shall be made mandatory for the buildings and private educational institutions as given Tamil Nadu Generation and below: Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO) will purchase a portion of solar power (say i. Buildings 50 percent) at the average pooled cost, • Multistoried Buildings, enabling the developers to derive benefit for this quantum under Renewable Energy • Educational institutions, Certificate (REC) mechanism as well as sell • IT Parks, SEZs, Telecom Towers, the balance 50 percent solar power to third parties. This will boost the confidence level • Industries guaranteed with 24/7 power of the developers and the third parties, while supply and other EHT consumers, enabling TANGEDCO to procure solar power • Buildings with a built up area of 20,000 at a lesser cost, on par with coal power. This sqm or more. will also pave way for attracting huge private • SPV Rooftop / Wind Solar hybrid systems investments into this sector. shall be deployed in all the government buildings. • Suitable incentives to be provided to
410 Energy and Infrastructure
Installation of Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) Power Plants will be encouraged, in places wherever the wind mills are installed in order to minimize the use of land. As these two sources complement each other, existing power evacuation infrastructure could be utilized. Policies and incentives have to be worked out accordingly.
Prioritizing the development of skilled man-power in order to take care of the increasing growth of the solar sector including engineers, technicians and other professionals at different levels right from Fig.9.2.5: Wind mills in southern districts of Design, System Integration, Installation, Tamil Nadu Inspection, Maintenance and Troubleshooting may be encouraged. Manpower advancements evacuating the wind power needs to be may be made along with Micro, Small and speeded up to achieve this huge potential. Medium Enterprises (MSME). A capacity addition of 6000 MW Research and Development during the Twelfth Plan period is expected, in addition to provide grid connectivity to the The Research and Development wind mills. This target can increase much activities proposed are as follows: higher if the evacuation infrastructure works are completed. • Grid connected rooftops with two way monitoring systems Aero Generators (Small KW Range • Smart Grid concepts to minimize Windmills) Transmission and Distribution losses Small Kilo Watt (KW) range aero • Photo Voltaic driven seawater desalination generators and hybrid systems with solar, plants are gaining importance in the recent times. • Smart and tamper proof monitoring of MNRE provides subsidy of 75 percent upto lux levels of photo voltaic powered street `1.5 lakh/KW for government bodies/ non- lighting systems so as to hand over these profit organizations and 50 percent up to systems to private entrepreneurs `1 lakh/ KW for others, towards installation of wind–solar hybrid systems for power • Establishment of Renewable Energy Parks generation. The wind velocity required would • Manpower and Curriculum Development be less (4m/sec) compared to high wind Development of Wind Power speeds for large MW size windmills. The hybrid systems will be encouraged to be Promoting Renewable Energy is the installed in roof tops of buildings, Colleges/ key priority. Tamil Nadu has achieved wind Educational Institutions/ IT Industries etc. installed capacity of 7056 MW surpassing the The introduction of ‘Net Metering’ concept earlier assessed wind potential of 5500 MW would help in rapid growth of this sector. For (at 50m hub height) by C-WET (Centre for promoting small capacity windmills, a target Wind Energy Technology). C-WET's revised of 5 MW is fixed for the Twelfth Five Year assessment is 21000 MW (at 100 m hub Plan. height) for Tamil Nadu. The wind corridor works/ erection of 400 KV lines towards
411 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Off Shore Wind wind and solar, the Plant Load Factor (PLF) of these plants may be around 80 percent. A Tamil Nadu has an advantage of pilot plant of capacity 14 MW is proposed to location, where in both the southwest be set up initially in the State. monsoon and northeast monsoon 'tunnel' through the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, Biomass Based Power contribute to a high wind speed potential zone. C-WET is taking steps to install a wind Energy Plantations for Biomass mast, at 100 m height, in the offshore near Dhanuskodi towards carrying out offshore The installed capacity of biomass wind potential assessment. The untapped off power plants of the State is 167 MW. The shore wind potential will be harnessed and surplus biomass potential of the State has implementation of off shore Wind Assessment been assessed as 900 MW, based on the by the private developers under BOOT/ public Biomass Resource Assessment Study carried private partnership mode. A target of 250 out by Institute of Energy studies (IES), MW off-shore wind power installed capacity Anna University during the year 2010. As has been proposed during the Twelfth Five Casuarina is grown in coastal area by forest Year plan. department mainly as ‘Wind Shield’, the possibility of carrying out dedicated energy Research and Development Activities plantations in locations other than forest in Wind Sector area needs to be explored in co-ordination with Forest/ concerned departments. Of the • Identifying more suitable area to promote total target of 1000 MW, generation of 10 MW off shore wind power development. is proposed under Government projects for • Wind forecasting is critical and an outlay of `50 crore in the Twelfth Plan breakthrough in this field, will facilitate period. Two lakh acres are required for better grid load management. energy plantation which needs to be achieved in partnership with Forest Department. • Methodology needs to be arrived at for “Repowering” of existing windmills. Co-Generation in Cooperative Sugar • For attracting small off-Grid wind/ Mills solar hybrid applications, Research and TANGEDCO is already in the process Development has to be done on “Net of modernizing ten co-operative sugar mills Metering”. and two public sector sugar mills and An outlay of `600 crore is allocated for establishing co-generation plants to a tune grid connected wind energy system including of 183 MW, with 116 MW exportable to grid repowering in the Twelfth five year plan. in these sugar mills, through BOOT model in the State. Ministry of New Renewable Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Energy (MNRE) had sanctioned Central Fund (OTEC) Allocation to a tune of `58.25 crores for setting up of these plants. For the Twelfth Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plan, a total capacity of 250MW is fixed. (OTEC) uses the thermal gradient (minimum 15 deg. Celsius) between cooler deep (at a Waste to Energy depth of 1000 m) and warmer surface water in the ocean to power a turbine to produce Waste to energy projects needs to electricity. However, Tamil Nadu coast be encouraged during the Twelfth Plan experiences a temperature difference of 25 period. Waste to energy potential in the sago degrees Celsius which has a good potential industries cluster, food processing industries, to develop large scale OTEC plants. Unlike hotels, hostels, educational institutions/
412 Energy and Infrastructure colleges etc., needs to be tapped. Municipal Special initiatives solid waste plants will be allowed to be set up • All the Government Buildings will achieve on BOOT basis. Waste to energy projects to a a minimum of 20 percent energy savings tune of 250 MW @50 MW per year is fixed as by end of the plan period, by way of target for the Twelfth Plan period under the resorting to various energy conservation waste to energy category. A plan outlay of and energy efficiency measures. `22.50 crore is proposed in Twelfth Five Year Plan for generation of 25 MW organic waste • A Renewable Energy Park will be established to energy. in Chennai. SPV Roof tops /Wind Solar hybrid system, light pipes, Biogas plant, Promotion of Battery Operated BOVs etc., shall be installed/deployed and Vehicles (BOV) put into operation, for demonstrating the usage of Renewable Energy Systems and Ministry of New Renewable Energy their advantages. (MNRE), GoI had been providing financial • assistance to only electric cars. Since A solar passive architecture cum renewable November 2010, MNRE provides Central Energy Model building shall be constructed Financial Assistance (CFA) to two wheelers by Tamil Nadu Energy Development also. From then onwards, there is a boost in Agency to house its office demonstrating the sales of Battery Operated Scooters. the usage of all the Renewable Energy Systems combined with energy saving/ Protected monuments, energy efficiency measures. The building environmentally sensitive places including shall consume only 25 percent of the forests, and popular tourism spots can be average energy consumption, and that too provided with such vehicles, towards sight- through Renewable Energy systems only. seeing which will not pollute as well as to This model TEDA office shall be a net create awareness among the public. Such energy exporter into the Grid. vehicles can be deployed in forest area since • Government of Tamil Nadu will promote they are noise free / smoke free and will not Coimbatore and Chennai as rooftop disturb to the wild life. TEDA had funded solar cities targeting 2.5 MW and 5 MW few such vehicles in Vandalur Zoo during the solar power generations through rooftops Eleventh Plan period. respectively. Under this programme, the solar developers shall install and Green Autos (Battery Operated maintain the SPV Rooftop Systems in Vehicles - 3 wheelers) will be promoted in both Government/ Private buildings. The the State as a measure to reduce fossil fuel building owner will get rent for permitting dependency and also to curb pollution. these installations at per unit solar power MNRE, GoI, New Delhi provides subsidy generation rate. Appropriate feed-in-tariff to a tune of 20 percent for these vehicles. will be provided for the quantity of solar In addition to it, the Government of Tamil power fed into the Grid. Nadu will subsidize the cost further, towards encouraging use of more such vehicles in the Publicity State. Awareness campaigns on renewable energy has been conducted throughout For the Twelfth Plan period, promoting the State through exhibitions, seminars, 1,00,000 vehicles @ 20,000 vehicles per workshops, business meets, training annum has been fixed as target. An outlay programmes, production of short films on of `21 crore is proposed as State share for the success stories on use of renewable energy plan period. sources, advertisements on hoardings and posters at important locations. To promote
413 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu and popularize the use of Renewable Green Energy Campaign - TEDA Energy Resources and Energy Efficiency conducts mass awareness campaign on Conservation measures, Tamil Nadu Energy Renewable Energy for School students and Development Agency (TEDA) will associate Colleges as “Green Energy Virumbuvom” with reputed institutions like IITs, Anna throughout the State. TEDA also conducts University, NGOs and other national and International Conference cum Exposition international agencies/ institutions towards by the name RENERGY which is rated as promotion of renewable energy in the State. the best and the largest Renewable Energy To attract investments in the Renewable Conference in India. Energy sector TEDA actively promotes the Outlay for Twelfth Five Year Plan State nationally and internationally as an attractive destination for investments in the A sum of `797.70 crore is earmarked Renewable Energy Sector. as State outlay for Government projects under renewable sources of energy for the Twelfth Five Year Plan as shown in Table 9.2.4.
Table 9.2.4: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Renewable Energy Sources S.No. Schemes Units Target State Outlay for Government Projects Government Private (` crore)
I Ongoing Schemes 1 Establishment for Tamil Nadu 14.07 Development Agency II New Schemes 1 Publicity Awareness 12.25 2 Grid connected Wind Energy MW 100 5900 600.00 systems including Re- powering 3 Off-shore MW -- 250 --
4 Wind Solar Hybrid systems MW 2.5 7.5 50.00 5 Ocean Thermal Energy MW -- 14 -- Conversion 6 Solar Power Plants MW -- 3000 7 Rooftop SPV power plant MW 1 50 27.00 8 Solar powered vaccine Nos. 25 -- 0.50 refrigerators
9 Rooftop Solar Water Heating LPD -- 10000 -- System 10 Solar dish cookers for sqm 100 10 0.08 Anganwadis, Noon meal centres
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Table 9.2.4: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Renewable Energy Sources (Contd.)
S.No. Schemes Units Target State Outlay for Government Government Private Projects (` crore) 11 Solar steam cooking systems sqm 50 10 0.30 in Govt. SC/ST/BC Hostels 12 Biomass based Power MW 10 990 50.00 generation Plants 13 Co-generation in sugar mills MW -- 250 --
14 Gasifiers with energy Nos. 1 -- plantation (2 MW PPP mode) 15 Municipal Solid Waste Power Nos. 5 -- Generation (3 MW each PPP mode) 16 Organic waste to Energy MW 25 225 22.50 Plants 17 Battery operated Vehicles Nos. 1000 99,000 21.00
Total 797.70
415 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
9.3 ROADS, BRIDGES, MINOR PORTS AND SHIPPING
Introduction and Port infrastructure as envisaged in “Vision Tamil Nadu 2023” is shown in Box Infrastructure is crucial for the 9.3.1. effective functioning of the economy. Inclusive and sustainable economic growth can be promoted by the efficient infrastructure Box 9.3.1: Vision network. Adequate availability of economic Tamil Nadu 2023 – Road and Port infrastructure viz., power, road and Infrastructure transportation, ports and communication, • Enhancement of 2000 km of roads aviation and railways -continues to facilitate into 6-8 lane Expressway corridors the development of directively productive between Chennai and major towns activities. In the globalised economy, an efficient road network is very essential to • Modernization of State highways improve the competitiveness and increase covering 5000 km of four lane the productivity. It provides connectivity highways and conversion of other to remote areas and opens up backward State highways and other highways regions to trade and investment. It plays of 16000 km length to two lane roads an important role in inter-modal transport with paved shoulders development, establishing links with airport, • Establishment of three large green railway stations and ports. field multi-cargo non major ports with incremental aggregate capacity Roads are the dominant means of of 150 million tonnes to handle dry transport in the nation. They carry almost bulk, imported/domestic coal for 90 percent of the country’s passenger traffic power generation, liquid cargo and and 65 percent of its freight. India has one containerized cargo of the largest road network in the world, aggregating to about 3.34 million km at • Freight corridor connecting Chennai present. Tamil Nadu is in the forefront in and Thoothukudi. the development of road infrastructure. The road network in the State contributes Projects ` crore substantially to the development of a strong 1. E x p r e s s w a y 40,000 industrial base as well as for the development of the whole economy. The rapid expansion 2. State Highway 50,000 and strengthening of the road network is improvement imperative, to provide for both present and 3. Other roads future traffic and for improved accessibility 40,000 to other places. 4. Port development – Existing ports 12,000 Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 Port development- “Vision Tamil Nadu 2023”, has 5 3,000 proposed for extensive infrastructure New ports development plan for the State till the year Dedicated freight 2023. It aims to provide the residents of 6 15,000 corridor Tamil Nadu a high quality infrastructure comparable with the best in the world. Road Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023
416 Energy and Infrastructure
Fig. 9.3.1: Roads - Vision 2023
Present Status of Road Sector in per 100 sq.km area and it is well above the Tamil Nadu All India average of 103 Km. Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest The road network consists of National State in the country with a total area of Highways, State Highways, Major District 1,30,058 sq.km. The density of population in Roads, Other Roads and Village roads. the State is 555 persons/ sq.km. The vehicle During the year 1951 to 2012, the road population, which was 27,325 in 1951, network increased six fold (i.e) from 32,307 increased to 1.37 crore in the year 2011 km to 2,02,330 km (Table 9.3.1). Out of registering a five-fold increase. The density of this, 62,017 km of roads are maintained by road network in Tamil Nadu in the year 2011 Central and State Highways Departments as is 280 km per lakh population and 156 km on 1.4.2012.
Table 9.3.1: Development of Roads in Tamil Nadu (in km.)
Other National State Major District Panchayat/ ULB/ District Total Year Highways Highways Roads P.W.D Roads Roads
2006-07 4483 9256 9451 38256 127254 188700
2007-08 4500 9264 9451 38256 132447 193918
2008-09 4873 9384 11288 36096 132446 194087
2009-10 4873 9384 11288 36096 137399 199040
2010-11 4861 10561 11315 34937 140622 202296
2011-12 4974 10764 11247 35032 140313 202330
Source: Dept. of Highways & Minor Ports, GoTN
417 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Other District Roads accounted for a passengers and freight. About 56 percent larger share of 56 percent of the total road of the public roads are single lane. The network. Single lane roads needs upgrading lanewise roads and their length is shown in and strengthening for faster mobility of Table 9.3.2.
Table 9.3.2: Category and Length of Roads in Tamil Nadu
(in km.) Category of Single Inter-mediate Double Multi Lane Total S.No. Road Lane Lane Lane 1 National 13 54 2765 2142 4974 Highways 2 State Highways 32 693 9028 1011 10764
3 Major District 2791 5289 3033 134 11247 Roads 4 Other District 31732 2429 823 48 35032 Roads
Total 34568 8465 15649 3335 62017
Source: Dept. of Highways & Minor Ports, GoTN
Graph 9.3.1: Lanewise Roads Performance during Eleventh Five in Tamil Nadu Year Plan The infrastructure development work for the major schemes during the Eleventh Single lane Five Year Plan relating to Roads and Bridges 34568 had been taken up under the following: Length (km) Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Double lane Intermediate 15649 Development Programme (CRIDP) Lane 8465 Multi lane Under the State Funded schemes, 3335 the flagship scheme of Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme (CRIDP) was implemented from the year 2005-06 to improve and widen Government Total number of bridges has increased roads categorized as State Highways, Major from 1,08,639 numbers in 2006-07 to District Roads and Other District Roads. 1,18,464 numbers in 2011-12, registering Under this scheme, the infrastructure 11.36 percent growth. As on 1.4.2012, of development like widening and improvement the total number of bridges, culverts alone of roads, rebuilding of damaged stretches, accounted for 92 percent i.e.,1,08,915 construction of cement concrete pavement, culverts and there are 1357 and 7936 major construction of bridges/ culverts in lieu of and minor bridges respectively. existing old damaged structures, formation of bypasses, protective works like center
418 Energy and Infrastructure medians, drains, etc., were undertaken in a TamilNadu Urban Development comprehensive manner. Project (TNUDP)- III
During the Eleventh Plan period, TNUDP-III is being implemented with certain State Highways have been upgraded World Bank loan assistance. Under the traffic to National Highways depending upon the component, 5 road projects of 36 km length importance of the roads and certain roads at a cost of `145 crore were selected and in the category of Major District roads have executed in and around Chennai city. Three been upgraded as State Highways. Hence, road works have been completed. the length of State Highways increased from 9256 km during the start of Eleventh Five Southern Sector of Inner Ring Road Year Plan to 10764 km at the end of Eleventh (TNUDP) Five Year Plan. To ease traffic congestion in Southern In the Eleventh Plan, under Major part of Chennai city, works for southern District Roads, 6521 km length of roads and sector of Inner Ring Road starting from km 379 bridges, and under Other District Roads, 14/1 of NH45 to join at km 13/4 of Old 6969 km length of roads and 436 bridges Mammallapuram for a length of 9.40 km were completed. were taken up. The second phase of this work (5 km) was completed during Eleventh Plan Under the Schedule Caste Sub Plan period. scheme, the improvement of roads providing connectivity to villages is selected based on NABARD assisted Schemes the criteria that population of the scheduled caste/ scheduled tribe in the village should be Construction of bridges and more than 40 percent of the total population improvement to roads, construction of river of the entire village. For improvement to bridges in Government and Panchayat Union roads connecting Adi Dravida habitations Roads were taken up with loan assistance under Schedule Caste Sub Plan, 4629 km from NABARD. The schemes implemented length of roads and 155 bridges/ culverts during Eleventh Plan were improvement to were completed during the Eleventh Plan rural roads, bus routes, District and Other period. roads with loan assistance from NABARD, construction/ reconstruction of bridges, Chennai Metropolitan Development improvements to roads under Comprehensive Plan Road Development Programme, construction of bridges in Cauvery delta areas and In order to meet the demand for construction of road over bridge/road under good infrastructure, especially traffic bridges in Tsunami affected districts viz., improvements, the Government formulated Nagapattinam, Cuddalore and Tiruvallur the Chennai Metropolitan Area Development districts. Plan during the year 2003 - 2004. During the Eleventh Plan period, 408 km length of roads, Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project 44 bridges/ structures under road works and 4 bridge works were completed.The Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project Grade Separator at junction of Marmalong with the loan assistance from the World Bridge Irumbuliyur road and Pallavaram – Bank aims to construct roads confirming to Thoraipakkam Road has been completed. international standards. The details of major schemes implemented are:
419 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
• Upgradation of roads and construction km are maintained by National Highways of new bypasses and ROBs from Arcot wing of the State Government and 3474 km to Tiruvarur and Nagapattinam to are maintained by the National Highways Tuticorin were taken up in four packages. Authority of India (NHAI), which is a nodal Ramanathapuram bypass (10.40km) agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and and Kumbakonam bypass (4.10km) Highways. The NHAI takes up developmental were taken up for upgradation in works in different phases. National Highways 6 packages. Tsunami affected bridge are being widened to two lanes with between Keezhamanakudi and paved shoulder/four lanes/ six lanes and Melamanakudi villages in Kanyakumari strengthened using Central Funds or under district was reconstructed during the Plan PPP mode. period • Under Enhanced Periodical Maintenance i)Revamped Central Road Fund, works for 1033 km length of roads Economic Importance and Inter State were taken up in four phases and Connectivity Scheme completedInstitutional Strengthening were taken up • Under Revamped Central Road Fund • Collection of data pertaining to network of Scheme, 1459.39 km length of roads and roads in the State through Geographical 25 bridge works were completed. Under Information System (GIS) and the Hill Area Development Programme, 63.50 interfacing of GIS software with RMS and km length of roads and 11 bridge works PFMS is executed were completed. • In economically important zones, 55.20 km Road Accident Data Management length of roads were improved at a cost of System (RADMS) `26.84 crore under Economic Importance Scheme (50 percent Central Share and 50 Road Accident Data Management percent State Share). System (RADMS) is a web enabled GIS based • Under Inter-State Connectivity Scheme, software developed for Tamil Nadu. It has 26.60 km length of Inter State roads and been formed with a team comprising police, one major bridge work (across river Palar) highways and transport department officials. was completed. A major bridge work of The objective of the system is to collect ‘Construction of new bridge across river accident data, analyze the cause of accidents Palar in Vellore City’ was completed under and to improve road safety measures. Inter State Connectivity Scheme. Accident Data is being collected by the three departments and uploaded in the system. The ii)Road Over Bridges (ROB) / Road accident data available in RADMS is analysed Under Bridges (RUB) at Railway Level and taken as key parameter while selecting Crossings works for widening / strengthening of roads, construction of bridges etc. Construction of Road Over / Under Bridge in lieu of existing level crossings National Highways - Central Projects on Government roads are undertaken on priority basis under Railway works The National Highways are roads Programme and are being primarily carried connecting different state capitals, major out when Train Vehicle Units (TVU) exceed ports, large industrial areas and tourist one lakh per day. The State Government and centres. The total length of National Highways Ministry of Railways share the cost equally in Tamil Nadu is 4974 km, of which, 1500 for construction of Road Over/ Under Bridges
420 Energy and Infrastructure including approach and service roads. During Power Stations of Tamil Nadu Generation the Eleventh Five Year Plan, 84 ROB/RUB and Distribution Corporation (TANGEDCO). works were completed at a cost of `1251.27 The Corporation operates three own specially crore. designed shallow draft geared bulk carriers. Coal is transported to the Thermal Power Special Projects Stations of TANGEDCO by these ships. Apart from this, based on the requirement, ships Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Expressway are being charted on contract basis from Phase I) private shipping companies. The Corporation also operates 3 passenger ferry services Under Phase-I, the Rajiv Gandhi Salai from Kanyakumari to the Vivekananda Rock (IT Corridor) was developed to six lane road Memorial and Tiruvalluvar Statue. at international standards from Madhya Kailash, Chennai to Siruseri for a distance Port Policy of the State of 20.10 km and the Link Road connecting Sholinganallur and East Coast Road at The Government brought out a Minor Kudimiyan Thoppu for a distance of 2.15 km Port Development Policy, which details to four lane road. This road is maintained by the licensing procedure for captive and M/s IT Expressway Ltd., the SPV of Tamil commercial ports. Nadu Road Development Company Ltd. Licensing of Captive Ports An outlay of `10,587.60 crore was allocated for Roads and Bridges during the To take care of the increasing Eleventh Plan and the expenditure incurred cargo traffic, Government of Tamil Nadu was `9,207 crore. have decided to make use of the existing captive ports already constructed or under Performance of Minor Ports and construction, for which the permission has Shipping sector during Eleventh Five already been given, for multi user-specific Year Plan and multi-commercial cargo, with the prior approval of the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board. At the time of the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board formation in the year 1997, there were Licensing of Commercial Ports only 15 minor ports under the Maritime Board. At the end of the Eleventh Plan, the The minor ports (both existing and number of minor ports increased to 23. Out upcoming) will be offered for development of the 23 Minor ports 7 are Government ports through private sector participation. For the and 16 are captive ports. Of the 16 captive selection of such promoters, competitive bids ports, 5 ports are presently operational. will be invited through public notice and Along the 1076 km coastline of Tamil Nadu, based on technical and financial evaluation there are 3 major ports viz., Chennai, Ennore of the offers, suitable developer / promoter and Tuticorin and 23 minor ports at present. will be selected for development of ports. The major ports are functioning under the control of Government of India and the minor Active Captive Ports/ Port Facilities ports are functioning under the control of State Government. The works in port sector Ennore Minor Port (Thiruvallur are taken up under PPP mode. district)
The Poompuhar Shipping This port was declared for the captive Corporation Limited (PSC) transports the use of M/s. Coromandel Fertilizers Ltd., to entire requirements of coal for the Thermal handle Liquid Ammonia required for their
421 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu fertilizer plant. Approximately 5 to 7 ships tonnes per annum. The infrastructure has call at this port and handle 60000 Metric been developed at a cost of `58 crore. tonnes per annum. The port facility has been Twelfth Five Year Plan developed at a cost of `33 crore through Private investment. Objectives
Thirukkadaiyur (Nagapattinam • To increase the capacity, connectivity, district) efficiency and safety of the highways system This port was declared for the captive • To provide road infrastructure for equitable use of M/s. PPN Power Generating Company socio-economic development throughout Private Ltd., to handle Naphtha required for the State their 330 MW Gas combined Power plant. Approximately 9 to 12 ships call at this port • To ensure equity and balance, new road to handle 3 lakh Metric tonnes per annum. works are identified considering the The infrastructure has been developed at cost density of road network per unit area and of `200 crore through Private Investment. unit population • Industrial corridors to be established in PY-03 Oil Field (Cuddalore district) the economically backward areas • To provide connectivity considering the This port was declared for the heavily loaded vehicles plying in these captive use of M/s. Hardy Exploration and industrial areas, specially designed roads Production India Inc., for handling the crude are required to be provided oil extracted from the offshore oil wells. Approximately, 10 to 12 ships call at this port • Development of minor ports along the East to handle 1.5 metric tonnes per annum. The Coast through PPP intermediate ports port has been developed at a cost of `34 crore through Private investment. Strategies
Kudankulam Port • Capacity augmentation projects like new roads, addition of lanes to existing roads and interchange construction or This port was declared for the captive modification, facilities to multi modal use of M/s. Nuclear Power Corporation of traffic. India Ltd., for handling of dimensional and heavy lift cargo required for the construction • Upgradation of arterial roads to avoid of 2000 MW Power plant. The infrastructure congestion/ construction of new bypasses has been developed at cost of `3.40 crore. and ring roads will be taken • Providing signage to improve traffic safety, Chidambaranar Oil Jetty within improvements to intersections, such as Nagapattinam Port Limits new traffic signals, adding turn lanes, and road markings. Transit projects, This is an open sea jetty constructed transportation enhancement projects, for the captive use of M/s. Chennai Petroleum pedestrian projects will also be considered Corporation Limited for handling crude oil commensurate with the traffic growth. and finished products required for their • Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refinery. Approximately 35 to 40 ships call are networks of computers, communication at this port to handle about 6 lakh metric technologies and management strategies
422 Energy and Infrastructure
that improve the safety and efficiency and reconstruction of 10 bridges after of the surface transportation system. obtaining approval from the Ministry. Introduction of ITS will be considered • Under Economic Importance Scheme, an in metro cities in consultation with the amount of `35 crore is proposed for the Transport department. Twelfth Five Year Plan for construction of • Adequate attention will be given for 112 km of roads. pedestrians, two wheelers, inter-modal • Under Interstate Connectivity scheme transport facilities, bus bays during the which is implemented with 100 percent planning stage of all development works. Central Assistance a sum of `80 crore is • Taking an eco-friendly view and to proposed for widening and strengthening reduce global warming, the department is of 225 km of roads. implementing the plantation programme Road over Bridges (ROB) / Road under along the boundary of the roads Bridges (RUB) at Railway Level • Improving port connectivity to provide Crossings uninterrupted access from all regions of During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, the State. it is proposed to complete 75 ROB/RUBs, Schemes Proposed for Twelfth Five with a proposed outlay of `3000 crore for the Year Plan under Roads and Bridges construction works and land acquisition.
National Highways (NH)
• Under Revamped Central Road Fund, an amount of `413.23 crore is proposed for the Twelfth Five Year Plan for widening and strengthening of 470 km of roads
Fig. 9.3.3: Road Over Bridge
Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme (CRIDP) Details of works proposed in the Twelfth Plan period under the CRIDP programme in respect of State Highways, Major District Roads, Other District Roads Fig. 9.3.2: National Highways Road and Scheduled Caste Sub Plan (SCSP) are highlighted in Table 9.3.3.
423 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Table 9.3.3: CRIDP - Widening and Strengthening of Different Roads Bridges/culverts Length Total cost Description S.No. (Nos.) (km.) (`crore)
STATE HIGHWAYS (SH)
1 Anticipated Spill over from - 731 329.00 Eleventh Plan – CRIDP 2 Widening and strengthening - 693 416.00 the intermediate lane to double lane carriageway 3 Widening and strengthening - 870 609.00 the two lane to four lane 4 Strengthening existing double - 2450 1715.00 lane stretches 5 Construction of missing links 90 - 76.00 (bridges) 6 Reconstruction of minor bridges 90 - 40.00 and culverts 7 Improvement to geometrics and - - 12.00 protective works Total 180 4744 3197.00
MAJOR DISTRICT ROADS (MDR) 1 Anticipated Spill over from - 944 283.00 Eleventh Plan – CRIDP 2 Widening and strengthening - 2791 977.00 the single lane stretches to intermediate lane 3 Widening and strengthening - 1000 400.00 the intermediate stretches to two lane 4 Strengthening existing - 1190 357.00 Intermediate lane stretches 5 Strengthening existing double - 65 32.00 lane stretches 6 Construction of missing links 40 - 22.00 (bridges) 7 Reconstruction of minor bridges 60 - 15.00
8 Improvement to geometrics and - - 8.00 protective works Total 100 5990 2094.00
424 Energy and Infrastructure
Table 9.3.3: CRIDP - Widening and Strengthening of Different Roads (Contd.)
S.No. Description Bridges/culverts Length Total cost (Nos.) (km.) (`crore)
OTHER DISTRICT ROADS (ODR) 1 Anticipated Spill over from - 321 45.00 Eleventh Plan –CRIDP 2 Widening and strengthening - 750 150.00 the existing single lane stretches to intermediate lane
3 Strengthening the existing - 6000 1020.00 single lane to intermediate lane stretches 4 Strengthening the existing - 200 50.00 double lane stretches
5 Construction of bridges in 100 - 50.00 unbridged river crossings
6 Reconstruction of distressed 100 - 25.00 bridges and culverts 7 Improvement to geometrics and - - 10.00 protective works Total 200 7271 1350.00
SCHEDULED CASTE SUB PLAN (SCSP) 1 Anticipated Spill over from - 645 90.00 Eleventh Plan – CRIDP 2 Widening and strengthening the - 1000 200.00 existing single lane stretches to intermediate lane 3 Strengthening the existing SL - 7250 1232.00 and IL stretches
4 Strengthening the existing - 250 63.00 double lane stretches 5 Construction of bridges in un 100 - 50.00 bridged river crossings 6 Reconstruction of distressed 100 - 25.00 bridges and culverts 7 Improvement to Geometrics and - - 10.00 protective works
Total 200 9145 1670.00
425 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Under CRIDP for State Highways, with other project execution authorities to works for a length of 4744 kms and 180 achieve these goals. The ‘Chennai Unified bridges are proposed for the Twelfth Plan Metropolitan Transport Authority" (CUMTA) period at a cost of `3197 crore. Under MDR, has been constituted under an Executive works at a cost of `2094 crore are proposed Committee for integrating and overseeing for a length of 5990 kms and 100 bridges in different modes of traffic in Chennai city. the plan period. Works for a length of 7271 kms and 200 bridges are proposed at a cost of Tamil Nadu Urban Development `1350 crore under ODR. Under SCSP, works Project – TNUDP (III) for a length of 9145 kms and 200 bridges are proposed at a cost of `1670 crore. Under TNUDP-III, Foot over bridge will be constructed at the following seven NABARD Assisted schemes locations: GST road near Chromepet Government hospital, GST Road near MEPZ, The total outlay proposed under Tambaram, Inner Ring Road near SBOA NABARD assisted schemes for the Twelfth School road Junction, Tirumangalam, Plan period is `1088 crore for improvements Taramani link road near TCS, Taramani link of roads of length 516 km and 260 bridges. road near Perungudi Junction, EVR Salai near MOP Vaishnava College and Velachery Chennai Metropolitan Development bypass near metro water filling station. Plan (CMDP) Public Private Partnership (PPP) To improve the road and bridge Projects infrastructure facilities in Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA), Chennai a) Rajiv Gandhi Salai (IT Expressway Metropolitan Development Plan has been Phase II) implemented since 2003-04 under the State budgetary allocation. The Comprehensive The second phase of the Rajiv Gandhi Traffic and Transportation Study (CTTS) Salai (IT Expressway) is proposed to be taken for Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) and up on PPP basis for construction of six-lane the Second Master Plan of CMDA have road for a distance of 25 km from Siruseri recommended the projects that are required to Mamallapuram connecting East Coast to be implemented in a span of 15 years Road. The total cost estimate for the project (2010- 2025). is around `550 crore. During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, an outlay of `280 crore is The overall highways components proposed for land acquisition. of the CTTS for works are formation of link roads, providing of missing links, widening of b) PPP study roads, constructing grade separators, elevated roads, sky walk, junction improvements The PPP review committee has signages etc. During the plan period 2012-17, approved the following roads under PPP it is proposed to take up works amounting to scheme during the Twelfth Five Year Plan. `1750 crore under the CMDP scheme. • Mettur – Pallakkanuthu – Oddanchatriram To bring the arterial roads within – Dharapuram – Kangeyam-Tiruppur Chennai Metropolitan Area to international Road - (SH 37) 120.80 km at a total cost of standards and for decongestion and to reduce `511.58 crore. travel time, projects such as Bus Rapid • Erode Outer Ring Road Phase II - 9.60 km. Transit System (BRTS) (Anna Salai in study), at a total cost of `64.20 crore. Monorail, and Metro Rail etc., are being planned. This department is coordinating
426 Energy and Infrastructure c) Strategic option study II by TNRSP connects Nemillichery in NH-205 to Minjur in Thiruvotriyur Ponneri Pancheti (TPP) Road is Tamil Nadu Road Sector Project with taken up at a cost of `1075 crore on DBFOT the World Bank Assistance has undertaken basis. Land acquisition from Nemillichery in the Strategic Option Study (SOS II). The total NH-205 to Minjur in Thiruvotriyur Ponneri outlay of the project is `8000 crore under PPP Pancheti (SH 56) (TPP) via Padayanallur in mode. An amount of `400 crore is proposed NH-5 road to a length of 32 km is in progress. during the Plan period towards project support fund. For the Plan period, an amount of `580 crore is proposed to be allocated as Road Infrastructure Development Project Support Fund for both phases. in Oragadam Industrial Park Area New Schemes The road infrastructure facilities in Oragadam Industrial Park have been taken Junction Improvements in Rajiv up for `300 crore to facilitate the development Gandhi Salai of industries in and around Sriperumpudur in Kancheepuram District. This project is During the Plan Period, a Detailed being executed in two phases. Project Report is being prepared for the construction of five Grade Separators in Rajiv • Phase-I involve four laning of Gandhi Salai to ease traffic congestion at a Singaperumalkoil - Sriperumpudur road cost of `250 crore. (SH-57) and Vandalur – Walajabad road (SH-48) (33.4 km). Performance Based Maintenance • Phase-II, Six laning of the stretch from Contract Phase II (PBMC Phase II) Oragadam to Sriperumbudur of SH-57 Under Performance Based has been taken up. Maintenance Contract (PBMC) Phase II, 724 During the plan period, widening the km length of roads will be upgraded and stretch from 12/6-24/6 in Singaperumalkoil 1033 km length of roads will be enhanced - Sriperumpudur road from 4 lane to 6 lane through periodical maintenance at a cost of is proposed to be taken up at a cost of `217 `474.39 crore during the plan period. PBMC crore including land acquisition. will also be undertaken in all State Highways and Major District Roads in Karur, Namakkal Outer Ring Road and Coimbatore districts in a phased manner during the Twelfth plan period. Chennai Outer Ring Road project at a length of 62 km connecting Vandalur in Special Initiatives under Green Lens NH-45 with Minjur in Thiruvotriyur Ponneri Pancheti (TPP) is being implemented on Energy conserving mechanism Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer such as implementation of 10 KW Wind (DBFOT) on Semi Annual Annuity basis. Tamil Solar Hybrid Systems, in the Office of the Nadu Road Development Company Limited Chief Engineer (H), Quality Assurance and (TNRDC), Chennai has been appointed as Research, Chennai and three other Divisional “Managing Associate” for this project. Office buildings, for captive power production and consumption will be taken up in the In the Phase I of the Chennai Outer plan period. This will be extended to all other Ring Road project, road works for the buildings during the plan period. length of 29.65 km from Vandalur in NH 45 to Nemilicherry NH, at a cost of `1081.40 Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) crore is in progress. Phase II of this project is proposed to be used in the pavements
427 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu of the roads for reduction in frequency of delay in execution of projects. Land pooling maintenance and longer service life as the is proposed to ensure that the land owners usage of reclaimed rubber is environment are co-opted as partners in the development friendly. process.
Environmental Friendly Measures Land pooling is a technique for managing the planned development of urban- Road infrastructure is planned fringe lands, whereby a government agency inconsonance with the environmental consolidates a selected group of land parcels conditions of the local area. It is proposed to and then designs, services and subdivides use sustainable technology utilizing alternate them into a layout of streets, open spaces and materials for road infrastructure, thereby serviced building plots, with the sale of some conserving the ecology. The following eco- of the plots for cost recovery or utilising them friendly measures are being adopted: for development of infrastructure projects for economic development and the distribution Plantation: During the widening of the remaining plots back to the landowners of roads, cutting of trees located along the to develop or to sell for development. roads is inevitable. Several new saplings are planted in order to compensate every tree Port Connectivity Scheme that are cut. In addition to the above, a lot of avenue plantation is proposed in the land Under the Port Connectivity Scheme, available within the office premises of the Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai Port department. Taking an eco-friendly view and Trust, Ennore Port and National Highways to reduce global warming, the Department Authority of India have jointly established is implementing the plantation programme SPV “Chennai Ennore Port Road Company along the boundary of the roads are taken up. Limited”. Two Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) have been established in Tamil Nadu and are Rain Water Harvesting: To replenish functioning to improve the roads connecting the ground water, rain water harvesting is 3 major ports viz., Chennai, Ennore and being implemented in all bridges, roads and Tuticorin. government buildings with either open or closed drainage facilities based on the site a) Ennore - Manali Road Improvement conditions. It is important to note that proper Project (EMRIP) drainage of storm water away from the road helps to maintain the durability of the roads. The project envisages development Provision for construction of earthen drains of four State roads during the Twelfth Plan is included in all the road works. period. The details of roads are given in Table 9.3.4. Land Pooling The total cost of the project is `600 The unplanned growth of crore. The cost is shared by the share holders urbanization in a region is creating problems of the company (NHAI, Chennai Port Trust, of great proportions as it becomes difficult GoTN and Ennore Port). The project involves to compulsorily acquire land for widening as protective work to prevent sea erosion at 10 well as forming bypasses. Land owners are locations for 500m length along the seacoast reluctant to part with their lands leading to and improvement of above four roads.
428 Energy and Infrastructure
Table 9.3.4: Development of State Roads through EMRIP (in km.) S.No. Name of work Length
1 SH.56, Widening to four lane and Improvements to Tiruvotriyur – 9.0 Ponneri - Pancheti Road (TPP) 2 Improvements to existing four lane with paved shoulders of 5.4 Manali oil refinery (MDR) 3 SH.1, Improvements to existing 4 lane Northern segment of inner 8.1 ring road 4 SH.2, Widening to four lane with service road and improvements 7.5 to Chennai – Ennore expressway Total 30.0
Source: Dept. of Highways & Minor Ports, GoTN
major Ports, which are in various stages of b) Thoothukudi Port Connectivity functioning, will be taken up on need basis Scheme and through private participation. The non major ports under consideration for road Under this scheme, Thoothukudi Port Trust connectivity are shown in Table 9.3.5. and National Highways Authority of India have jointly formed SPV “Thoothukudi Port Road Company Limited" to improve 47.20 km Table 9.3.5: Road Connectivity to length of road in NH-7A from Tirunelveli to Non-Major Ports Thoothukudi at a cost of `290 crore during S.No. District Non –Major Ports the Plan period. 1 Cuddalore Silambimangalam, Thiruchopuram Road Connectivity to Non Major Ports 2 Nagapattinam Vanagiri, Thirukkadaiyur, Thirukuvalai During the Twelfth Plan period, upgradation of roads leading to non- 3 Ramanathapuram Rameswaram, Pamban, Valinockam 4 Thoothukudi Punnakayal, Manappadu
5 Kanyakumari Colachel
Source: Dept. of Highways & Minor Ports, GoTN
Fig.9.3.4: Non-major Port - Cuddalore
429 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Schemes proposed under Twelfth Five Development for Captive Ports Under Year Plan under Minor Ports and Private Investment Shipping The following captive ports are under Tamil Nadu Maritime College at various stages of development: Thoothukudi: • Setting up an Integrated Shipyard A Maritime College at Thoothukudi cum Minor Port complex at Kattupalli is proposed to be established on a Public in Thiruvallur district by M/s L&T Private Partnership mode to provide quality Shipbuilding Limited, a Joint Venture maritime education to the rural population of company of Tamil Nadu Industrial Tamil Nadu with capital investment is `19.01 Development Corporation (TIDCO) crore and it is proposed to provide hostel • Setting up a captive port at Parangipettai in accommodation for 360 students and will be Cuddalore district for handling coal situated at Tharuvaikulam in Thoothukudi required for their power plant by M/s. IL district & FS Tamil Nadu Power Company Limited
Development of Government Ports under PPP Mode
Cuddalore Port
M/s. Chemplast Sanmar Limited has developed Marine Terminal Facility (MTF) within Cuddalore port limits for handling Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) required for the Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) factory established at SIPCOT. M/s. Powergen Corporation Limited, Cuddalore has proposed to set up Fig.9.3.5: Integrated Shipyard cum Minor a jetty at an approximate cost of `325 crore Port complex at Kattupalli for which the port limits of Cuddalore Port have been extended. Land acquisition from • Setting up of a captive port at private / public is under progress by the Thiruchopuram in Cuddalore district for company. It was decided to develop this handling crude oil and finished petroleum port on Develop, Operate, Maintain, Share products required for their refinery by and Transfer (DOMST) basis on a PPP mode M/s. Nagarjuna Oil Corporation Limited through bidding process. • Development of a captive ship repair facility at Mugaiyur by M/s. Marg Swarnabhoomi Green Field Port at Nagapattinam Port Private Limited
It has been proposed to develop a • Establishment of a captive shipbuilding port at Nagapattinam as an all weather, deep yard at Silambimangalam Shipyard port water, direct berthing, Greenfield port on PPP by M/s. Good Earth Shipbuilding Private mode at a project cost of `380 crore. Limited • Development of a jetty at Kaveri for Colachel Port handling coal required for their 1320 MW Power Plant M/s. PEL Power Limited A techno-feasibility report has been prepared for the development of this port for • Development of a jetty at Vannagiri for establishing a LNG terminal. handling coal required for their 1500 MW Power Plant by M/s. NSL Power Limited
430 Energy and Infrastructure
• Establishment of a port at Thirukkuvalai 1200 MW Thermal Power Project at port in Nagapattinam District to handle Tharangambadi Taluk in Nagapattinam coal required for their proposed 2000 MW district by M/s. Chettinad Power Merchant Power Plant by M/s. Tridem Corporation Limited. Port and Power Company Private Limited Poompuhar Shipping Corporation • Establishment of an open sea jetty to Limited receive coal for their 1600 MW Thermal During the Twelfth Five Year Plan, Power Project M/s. Udangudi Power Poompuhar Shipping Corporation is planning Corporation Limited to move coal for NTECL, a joint venture • Setting up 2000 MW Gas Turbine Power company of TANGEDCO and NTPC Ltd. Project M/s. Indian Gas Limited, for besides transporting coal to TANGEDCO. The handling LNG by M/s. Indian Power projections in respect of quantity of coal to be projects Ltd., at Manappad in Thoothukudi moved, turnover and Profit of the Corporation district for the period 2012-13 to 2016-17 are given • Requirement for handling coal for their in Table 9.3.6.
Table 9.3.6: Twelfth Plan target for Poompuhar Shipping Corporation Year Anticipated Quantity to be Anticipated Turnover Anticipated Net Profit moved (in Lakh metric tonnes) (` crore) (` crore)
2012-13 171.49 606.92 4.22
2013-14 199.80 636.57 4.31
2014-15 202.52 662.03 4.36
2015-16 208.32 688.51 4.42
2016-17 214.12 716.05 4.48
Source: Dept. of Highways & Minor Ports, GoTN
Fig.9.3.6: M.V. Tamil Periyar - Poompuhar Shipping Corporation
431 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Twelfth Five Year Plan Outlay The outlay proposed for Roads and Bridges sector for the Twelfth Plan is `16911.44 crore. The scheme wise outlays are given in Table 9.3.7.
Table 9.3.7: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Roads and Bridges
S.No. Schemes Physical Financial Units Targets (`crore)
I Ongoing Schemes 1 Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme – SH Roads km. 4744 3197.00 Bridges/culverts Number 180 2 Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme – MDR Roads km. 5990 2094.00 Bridges/culverts Number 100 3 Comprehensive Road Infrastructure Development Programme – ODR Roads km. 7271 1350.00 Bridges/culverts Number 200
4 CRIDP - District and Other Roads under Scheduled Caste Sub Plan
Roads km. 9145 1670.00 Bridges/culverts Number 200 5 Chief Engineer (General) Bridges Number 8 27.64 Buildings Number 60 15.18 Acquisition of land for Bypasses Number 18 70.00
6 Improvements to Other District Roads with loan assistance from NABARD
Roads km. 516 1088.00 Bridges Number 260 7 Chennai Metropolitan Development Project - - 1750.00 (CMDP) 8 SPECIAL PROJECTS a) Road Development in Oragadam Industrial Number 12 217.00 Park area through TNRIDC b) Chennai Outer Ring Phase-I & II (from km. 32 580.00 Nemilicherry to Minjur)
432 Energy and Infrastructure
Table 9.3.7: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Roads and Bridges (Contd.)
S.No. Schemes Physical Financial Units Targets (` crore)
9 Public Private Participation
a) Rajiv Gandhi Salai Phase II LA - - 280.00 b) Strategic Option Study undertaken by TNRSP - - 400.00 10 ROB/RUB Number 75 3000.00 11 Revamped Central Road Fund & E & I Roads km. 470 413.23 Bridges Number 10 12 Works under Economic Importance Scheme km. 112 35.00
Total 16187.05 II New Schemes
1 Junction improvement Rajiv Gandhi Salai - - 250.00
2 Performance Based Maintenance Contract km. 1033 474.39 (PBMC)
Total 724.39
Grand Total 16911.44
433 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
9.4 SURFACE AND INLAND WATER TRANSPORT SERVICES
Introduction Green field Airport Complex near Chennai equipped to handle 40 million passengers, up Surface Transport is vital for the gradation of existing airports in Coimbatore, economic development and social integration Tiruchirapalli and Madurai to international of the country. It occupies a pivotal place class with a capacity of 10 million passengers in the economy as it provides an access to each and Metro/ Monorail for 2 cities (other the unreached remote areas, which is not than Chennai). possible by other modes of transport. An integrated transport system links markets Table 9.4.1: Proposed Projects in as well as people. As such, it increases Transpor Sector - Vision 2023 elasticities of demand and supply and (`crore) improves the efficiency with which any price S.No. Project Amount system works and permits the achievements of economies of scale in production and 1 Greenfield airport near 20000 distribution. Transport demand for freight Chennai and passenger movement is mainly met 2 Upgrading other airports 5000 through road transport and railways. The process of urbanization is perpetuated by a 3 High speed passenger rail 120000 well-developed transport system. link Tamil Nadu has made rapid strides in 4 Metro / Mono rail 65000 developing a transport network by utilization of all the three modes of transport systems Total 210000 viz., roadways, railways and airways in an effective manner. As per the 2011 Census, Source: Vision Tamil Nadu 2023, GoTN Tamil Nadu is one of the urbanized State, with its urban population constituting Status of Transport Sector in the 48.45 percent of the total population of State 7,21,38,958. The State in its endeavour to reach the people with safe, cheap and fast The population of Tamil Nadu mode of transportation provides a variety of increased from 30.12 million in 1951 to transport services such as Town, Mofussil, 72.13 million in 2011. With respect to the Ghat, Express Services and Inter-State vehicle population, the total number of services connecting the neighbouring States, vehicles increased from 27,325 in the year through the State Transport Undertakings 1951 to 1.36 crore in the year 2011. This under its control. exponential growth of vehicular traffic has imposed serious capacity constraints on the Vision Tamil Nadu 2023 existing road network. Growth of vehicles As envisaged in “Vision TamilNadu under various categories during the Eleventh 2023”, the estimated investment for road Plan is given in Table 9.4.2. and transport infrastructure is `3,70,000 crore. Out of this, the estimated investment in the transport sector is `2,10,000 crore. The key projects focused in this document with reference to the transport sector are
434 Energy and Infrastructure
Table 9.4.2: Growth of Vehicles in Tamil Nadu % of growth Category of vehicle 2006 2011 S.No. (2006-11)
I Transport Vehicles
1 Stage carriage (bus) 24395 27690 13.51
2 Mini bus 4285 3989 - 6.91 3 Contract Carriage (Auto, Taxi, Maxi cab & 211092 355196 68.27 Omni bus) 4 Goods carriage 264569 429169 62.21
5 Tractor & Trailer 50519 72666 43.84
6 Articulated vehicle 8187 4645 -43.26
7 School Bus & Private Service Vehicle 13429 27561 105.23
8 Ambulance & Fire fighter 4630 7623 64.64
Total (A) 581106 928539 59.79
II Non Transport Vehicles
9 Two wheelers 6750328 11207338 66.03
10 Motor cars & Jeeps 714978 1230492 72.10
11 Tractor & Trailer 89980 176556 96.22
12 Others 85338 117792 38.03
Total (B) 7640624 12732178 66.64
All Vehicles (A+B) 8221730 13660717 66.15
Source: Dept. of Transport, GoTN
The vehicles in Tamil Nadu has grown while goods carriage growth grew by 62.21 by 66.15 percent during the period 2006-2011. percent. The composition of the vehicle Transport vehicles include passenger buses, population is skewed in favour of personalized goods carriages and contract carriages such transport where growth in the number of as auto, taxis etc., used for transportation cars went up by 72.1 percent but the most of goods and passengers and non-transport significant growth items of numbers was vehicles are personalized vehicles such as observed in the segment of two wheelers that two wheelers, cars, etc. In transport vehicles grew at 66.03 percent. category, stage carriage bus has witnessed a low growth (13.51 percent) because of the permit control to the bus operations,
435 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Factors influencing the growth of Development Finance Corporation Ltd vehicles in Tamil Nadu are: (TNTDFC), Pallavan Transport Consultancy Services Ltd. (P.T.C.S.), Institute of Road • Demand for vehicles is income-elastic Transport (I.R.T.), Chennai and Motor • Liberal loans offered by banks and facility Vehicles Maintenance Department (MVMD). of instalment payments in association The Transport Commissioner is the State with Motor Companies has allowed the Transport Authority. The Transport rapid growth of personalised transport Department is also the nodal agency for the projects implemented within the State • Tremendous expansion of Road network by the Southern Railway, Postal and • Commuting time increased due to far Telecommunications and the Civil Aviation flung residential locations making vehicles Departments of the Government of India. a necessity than a luxury Public Sector Undertakings/ All the above factors have contributed Departments to the growth in number of vehicles. In order to protect the environment, old vehicles need State Transport Undertakings to be taken off the road. A number of policy There are eight State Transport aspects needs to be addressed for gearing up Corporations in the State of which one is the road transport and meet the challenges of meant for operation of services in city of further growth. Chennai, other for long distance intra-state and inter-state routes and the six other The Transport Department has operate mofussil and town services in the under its administrative control eight districts. The buses operated under State State Transport Undertakings and allied Transport Undertakings are shown in Table organizations viz., Tamil Nadu Transport 9.4.3. Table 9.4.3: Number of Buses operated by State Transport Undertakings
S.No. Types of Services 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 1 Chennai Metro – City 2775 3000 3057 3140 3222 Services 2 Town Services (in Districts) 6072 6257 6406 6595 6687
3 Mofussil services 7298 7487 7723 8007 8174
4 Express services
i) Inside State 562 530 555 545 527
ii) Outside State 312 356 359 359 378
5 Ghat services 520 516 519 521 519
Total services 17539 18146 18619 19167 19507
6 Spare buses 1849 1958 1780 2002 1700
Total Fleet Strength 19388 20104 20399 21169 21207
Source: Dept. of Transport, GoTN
436 Energy and Infrastructure
The State Transport Undertakings are Accident Claim Settlement Scheme operating 21,207 buses as on 31.03.2012. Out of these, mofussil buses are 8174 [38.5 Accident Claims Settlement Fund percent], Town and Metro buses 9909 [46.7 Scheme aims to extend quick monetary percent], Ghat buses 519 [2.4 percent], benefits to the accident victims involved Express buses 905 [4.3 percent] and spare with State Transport Undertaking buses buses 1700 [8 percent]. The STUs cover more on mutual consent through out of court than 88.4 lakh kilometre catering to 2.10 settlement. The settlement of compensation crore passengers per day. For the welfare of amount is made to the injured or the legal the women passengers, in peak hours buses heirs of the deceased who are affected in are operated exclusively for ladies/ children. accidents and also to settle the claims of In addition to this, in city/town buses, accident compensation cases through Lok seats on one side are allotted for women Adalat. passengers. Apart from the customer friendly services offered by the State Transport Online Ticket Reservation System in Undertakings, the STUs without any gender STU bias has amongst its crew one woman driver and 5 women conductors in the Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Limited and An Online Ticket Reservation System two women drivers in the Tamil Nadu State for long distance buses is functioning for Transport Corporation, Tirunelveli (Nagercoil booking tickets at counters located across Region). the State and neighbouring States viz., Puduchery, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra The State Transport Undertakings Pradesh. At present, 57 counters are located which are operational in 19 regions were in 39 locations. E-ticketing and mobile operating with a fixed decade old pricing fare of ticketing systems were introduced to provide 28 paise/ per km. Hence, the State Transport any time any were reservation facility to the Undertakings incurred losses during the passengers. Eleventh Plan period to the tune of `4846 crore. The fares were revised in November Tamil Nadu Transport Development 2011. The uneconomic passenger fares, high Finance Corporation Limited (TDFC) burden of taxes, operation of uneconomic but Tamil Nadu Transport Development social obligatory routes, concession in fares Finance Corporation Ltd., has a track record provided to certain category of commuters, of earning profit every year since its inception high staff ratio and increase in interest from 1975. The total amount of deposits with burden etc., are the factors contributory to TDFC Ltd., as on 31.03.2011 is `1086 crore. the heavy operational losses of the STU’s. The total financial assistance extended by the Other factors for the loss are the HSD oil Transport Development Finance Corporation price increase, employees’ wage settlements, to the State Transport Undertakings since its other variable costs particularly the costs inception upto 31.03.2011 is `9238.39 crore. of tyres etc. Hence, continuous efforts are being made by the State to ensure that bus The Government also contributes to services remain efficient with low wastage the share capital of Tamil Nadu Transport and good financial performance. This would Development Finance Corporation (TDFC) to help in developing the road-based transport strengthen its equity base. This will enable system, catering to the needs of fast growing TDFC to play a major role in undertaking passenger population in the State. capital fleet augmentation programmes of the STU by providing hire purchase and term investments and loan facilities.
437 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Pallavan Transport Consultancy to provide quality service to Government Services Limited Vehicles in an economical and efficient manner. Pallavan Transport Consultancy Services Ltd., (PTCS) was established with the State Transport Authority objective of providing consultancy services The Transport Commissioner is the for development of Road Transport Projects. State Transport Authority, which functions Apart from the development of road transport under the administrative control of the Home projects, it has diversified its activities Department of the Government of Tamil over the years and taken up consultancy Nadu. In Chennai city, the Joint Transport services in many areas including information Commissioner (City) is the Regional Transport technology, software development and Authority while in the districts the Collectors intelligent transportation systems. It are the Regional Transport Authorities. The is also associated with vehicle tracking State Transport Appellate Tribunal, Chennai, control system in Metropolitan Transport considers appeals and revision petitions Corporation (Chennai) Limited, online ticket against the orders of Regional Transport reservation systems, e-ticketing for long Authority and State Transport Authority. distance buses, disposal of condemned buses through e-auction, online electronic ticketing In order to enforce the provisions of machines for issuing of passenger tickets in the Motor Vehicles Act and Rules and Tamil the buses etc. Nadu Motor Vehicles Taxation Act and Rules made under the Act, this Department has Institute of Road Transport (IRT) an “Enforcement Wing” headed by the Joint The Automobile Research Oriented Transport Commissioner (Enforcement). Engineering College known as Institute of Road Road Safety and Transport Technology was established at Chithode in Erode district during the year Ensuring road safety is one of the 1984 under the aegis of IRT. The Perundurai important functions being looked after by the Medical College and Research Centre was Transport Department, it is the endeavour of established in 1986 and the three Polytechnic the Government to prevent accidents, save Colleges started by IRT are functioning at precious lives and increase safety for all road Chromepet, Bargur and Tirunelveli. Besides, users. the institute has started IRT-School of nursing to impart diploma in nursing course with an annual intake of 20 students in the IRT-Perundurai Medical College Campus. IRT is also running Heavy Vehicle Driver Training Centres at Gummidipoondi and 19 District Head quarters and a Light Vehicle Driver Training Centre at Taramani, Chennai and Tiruchirapalli. Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department (MVMD) Fig.9.4.1: Road Safety Tips MVMD provides the maintenance needs of nearly 15000 Government The number of accidents in Tamil vehicles plying throughout the State with Nadu and persons involved are shown in the 20 Government Automobile Workshops Table 9.4.4 functioning in various district head quarters
438 Energy and Infrastructure
Table 9.4.4: Number of Accidents and Persons Involved in Tamil Nadu
Year Type/Category Fatal Grievously Minor Non Total Injured Injured Injured
2007 No. of accidents 11034 4498 39494 4114 59140 Persons involved 12036 6873 64226 NA 83135
No. of accidents 11813 4426 39193 4977 60409 2008 Persons involved 12784 6696 63555 NA 83035
No. of accidents 12727 4448 39676 3943 60794 2009 Persons involved 13746 6721 63783 NA 84250
No. of accidents 14241 4613 42320 3822 64996 2010 Persons involved 15409 6844 68601 NA 90854
No. of accidents 14359 4619 42766 4129 65873 2011 Persons involved 15422 6573 67672 NA 89667 No. of accidents 15072 4851 44604 3230 67757 2012 persons involved 16175 6972 71376 NA 94523 Source: Dept. of Home, Prohibition and Excise, GoTN NA – Not Available
The increase in the number of Emergency Accident Relief Centres accidents is mainly due to non-observance (EARC) of traffic rules by drivers and carelessness and negligence on the part of road users (jay Considering the phenomenal increase walking). It is also due to enormous increase in vehicular population contributing to in number of vehicles on road. The accidents increase in road accidents, 100 Emergency compensation commitment for STUs has gone Accident Relief Centres have been established up drastically from `104 crore in 2006-07 to on all important National and State Highways, `153 crore in the year 2010-11. With a view to give first aid to the accident victims and to save the precious lives, the Government to arrange for further treatment through the accords importance to accident prevention nearby referral hospitals as per the choice measures to reduce road accidents. of the victim. The public can easily access these centres through the toll free phone Road Safety Fund number-1073. e-Services to the citizens of Tamil The Government has created a Road Nadu Safety Fund during the year 2000 to fund road safety activities. Allocations are made The following services are available to the fund from compounding fees and in e-Service web portal of the Transport spot fines collected by Transport and Police Department: departments. A Committee constituted for the fund is chaired by the Home Secretary, • To find out the jurisdiction of the Regional GoTN. Transport Office/Unit Office based on Postal Index Number (PIN)
439 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
• To download application forms for various by an agency authorized for this purpose by services the State Government is mandatory for motor vehicles. In Chennai Metropolitan area, • On line submission of applications for action is being taken to convert petrol driven obtaining Learner’s Licence / Driving auto rickshaws into Liquefied Petroleum Gas Licence by Driving Schools, obtaining (LPG) mode. Further, new permit are issued Registration Certificate for Motor Vehicles only for LPG driven auto-rickshaws. by the Dealers and effecting Hire-Purchase Endorsements. Performance of Eleventh Plan • To submit the application for the grant The Eleventh Plan outlay for the of National Permits and to issue National Transport sector was `974.50 crore. A major permits through Web Portal http://vahan. share of `539.02 crore was allocated to State nic.in/npermit Transport Corporations for purchase of new • To book online appointments to visit buses and `272.50 crore as share capital Regional Transport Offices / Unit Offices assistance to State Transport Corporations/ for availing various services offered by the Undertakings. The expenditure incurred Department during the eleventh plan under this sector was `1205 crore. • To register the grievances by the public for redressal During this period, 15530 new buses were purchased, as against the target of • To display the starting Registration 11,000 buses. The physical performance Number in the Regional Transport Offices indicators of State Transport Undertakings / Unit Office during the Eleventh plan is given in Table 9.4.5. Pollution Control Measures
To minimize the pollution, air "Pollution under control" certificate issued Table 9.4.5: Physical Performance of STUs during the Eleventh Plan S.No. Particulars 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1 Fleet Utilisation (%) 93.58 94.15 95.35 94.39 94.42
2 Km/Bus/Day 442 445 450 452 448
3 Km Efficiency( %) 103.70 104.20 104.61 104.04 103.51
4 Occupancy Ratio (%) 84.25 84.16 86.43 89.87 87.73
5 Accident/ 100000 Km 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.22 6 Average Fuel Performance 5.03 5.13 5.25 5.25 5.25
7 Replacement of Buses/ 4183 3185 1824 3079 2266 Augmentation 8 Passengers carried per day 1.85 1.96 2.04 2.08 2.08 (crore) 9 Men/Bus 6.96 6.60 6.61 6.69 6.40
Source: Policy Note, Dept. of Transport, GoTN
440 Energy and Infrastructure
Twelfth Five Year Plan Twelfth Five Year Plan Schemes State Transport Undertakings Objectives The State desires to ensure a state- • To provide safe, efficient, affordable and wide all-inclusive multi modal transportation modern transport choices to people network to support the growth potential of all economic activities, keeping in mind the • Capacity augmentation, quality and rapid industrialization and urbanization productivity improvements through of the State. It is proposed to scale up the technology upgradation and modernization GPS based Vehicle Tracking and Passenger • To integrate the existing public transport Information System for the buses in the with the Chennai metro State. During the Twelfth Five Year Plan it is proposed to purchase 15000 buses. • To establish an elaborate Mono Rail Route rationalization, better maintenance Network connecting various parts of practices at depot levels, etc., will contribute Chennai to increased productivity of STU’s. Hence, • To introduce e-ticketing and mobile an outlay of `1691 crore will be provided as ticketing through Online Ticket Share capital assistance during the Twelfth Reservation System (OTRS) Plan. The physical target of STUs during Twelfth Plan is given in Table 9.4.6. • Increased emphasis on safety, energy efficiency, environment conservation and social impact
Table 9.4.6: Physical Target of State Transport Undertakings for Twelfth Plan Year Fleet strength New buses to be Occupancy Utilization Staff/Bus put on Road Ratio (%) of Buses (%) 2012-13 21267 3000 87.73 94.83 6.44
2013-14 21416 3000 88.00 95.07 6.49
2014-15 21566 3000 89.00 95.46 6.47
2015-16 21718 3000 90.00 95.56 6.47
2016-17 21870 3000 91.00 95.75 6.47
Source: Working Group Report, Dept. of Transport, GoTN
Online Electronic Ticketing Machines passenger loading can be known at any for Tamil Nadu STUs point of time on real time basis. The scheme comprises of procurement of 5000 online ETMs, creation of ETM infrastructure at To computerize the pre-printed 250 depots, 19 Regions and 6 Divisions and ticketing system in STUs, GPRS based creation of Central Control Centre. To scale- Online Electronic Ticketing Machines is up the ongoing Online Electronic Ticketing being deployed in the STUs. It is a web-based Machines for STUs, the State has proposed to system. A Central Control Centre is to be procure 40000 Electronic Ticketing Machines created at MTC, Chennai. Ticket sales will be at a total cost of `52 crore during the Plan sent to the server when a conductor issues period. a ticket. Tickets sales in terms of collection,
441 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Commercial exploitation under Public enable them to reach the nearest bus stand Private Partnership mode in Transport of nearest town or city where adequate bus Corporations services are provided to various places.
Also, the Metropolitan Transport The sites identified for Commercial Corporation has proposed to introduce 100 exploitation by the State Transport mini buses in Chennai, which will be operated Undertakings will be utilized to generate in the areas where transport facilities are not additional revenue for the Corporations available. This service will link commuters to through Public Private Partnership mode. the major bus stands and railway stations. These sites will be developed in such a way that the facilities in the existing depots will Monorail Mass Transit System be upgraded, while providing for commercial space. Some of the location of sites In order to ease the increasing traffic identified are T.Nagar and Tiruvanmiyur congestion in the city, reduce the travel depot in Chennai, Vikravandi, Ulundurpet, time and accidents in the metropolis and Tiruchirapalli bus stand, Salem old bus to provide a reliable and comfortable Public stand, Madurai Periyar bus stand, Salem old Transportation System, it has been decided bus stand and Bypass branch Vannarpettai to introduce Mono Rail Mass Rapid Transit in Tirunelveli. System in Chennai.
GPS Based Vehicle Tracking and Box 9.4.1: Monorail Mass Transit Control System System • First phase consists of three corridors It is proposed to scale up the GPS (57 km): Vandalur to Velachery via based Vehicle Tracking and Passenger Tambaram East; Poonamallee to Information System for 4120 buses in Tamil Kathipara via Porur; and Poonamallee Nadu. An outlay of `18.69 crore is proposed to Vadapalani via Valasaravakkam. during Twelfth five year plan. • Second phase (54 km) : Fourth corridor connecting Vandalur and Mini Bus Scheme Puzhal. • No Grid Power required for operation, There are more than 27,000 stage environment friendly and cost efficient carriages operated by the State Transport Undertakings and Private Operators Source: Policy Note 2012-13, Transport Dept., throughout the State. These transport GoTN. facilities cover both rural and urban areas. Apart from this, public transport system, Monorails of the latest technology recognizing the transportation need of rural/ are extremely safe, occupy less than a square village areas, “Mini Bus Service Scheme” was metre space, quick to construct and cause introduced in the year 1997 and operated by minimal disruption during construction. the private individuals. Moreover for implementation of this project The Government, after modifying the land acquisition is very minimal. Four the old scheme, formulated a State wide corridors for Monorail operation have been new comprehensive mini bus scheme. Mini identified for 111 km and work will be taken buses were permitted to operate without any up in a phased manner. Monorail will function restriction in rural areas to serve the people with a capacity of 20,000 pphpd (persons of villages/ hamlets/ habitations which have per hour per direction i.e, a single direction a population of 100 or more families so as to during peak hours).
442 Energy and Infrastructure
Passengers in all SETC new buses in case of accidents • Lift facilities in buses for differently-abled persons for which Tamil Nadu has been a model State in providing this facility. • Provision of crew rest room all over the State • Improvement of 286 Depots in Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporations.
Fig.9.4.2: Monorail Mass Transit System
The project will be implemented through the Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) model. The State will also undertake investigation for introduction of Monorail System in other corporations like, Coimbatore, Madurai and Trichy in due course. The State-run Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd (MTC) is the nodal agency to develop the monorail system. A Fig.9.4.3: Lift facilities in buses for sum of `2002 crore has been allotted as State differently-abled persons share for the preliminary expenses for twelfth five year plan. • Re-organisation of the eight state transport undertakings into ten State Transport Other New Initiatives in State Undertakings for better functioning Transport Undertakings Motor Vehicles Maintenance • Introducing Volvo AC buses from all Department district headquarters to Chennai During Twelfth Plan, the schemes • e-Ticketing and mobile ticketing have proposed are computerization of the activities been introduced in 2011 to provide of unit workshops and creation of website for anytime anywhere reservation facility to Motor Vehicles Maintenance Department, the passengers who are utilizing the long integrating the unit workshops with distance bus services Headquarters through Wide Area Network to • e-Auction is being implemented in State ensure effective control mechanism, disposal Transport Undertakings which will help of condemned vehicles through e-auction, to obtain best prices for the condemned restructuring the workshop layout to meet out buses the present environment, conducting regular training programmes to impart training to • For better convenience of the passengers the personnel on the new generation vehicles during the journey, quality services have to update their knowledge and skill and for been provided at motels located enroute strengthening the department for better long distance buses with additional performance, active supervision and control. bus parking facility, drinking water, modernized kitchen and dining hall As hi-tech vehicles have been introduced, it is necessary to modernize the • Provision of emergency Exit for the
443 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Government Central Automobile Workshop e-Payment on par with private authorized dealer workshops, to provide quality service to e-Payment through the web portal upgrade the available facilities and to improve of the Transport Department is ready for the technical skill of the personnel through launching. Once this System is introduced, proper training with tools and plants. Hence the dealers could make online payment of for modernization of regional workshops and fees and taxes with respect to registration for imparting skill development, a sum of `23 of new motor vehicles through net banking crore is proposed. Further, it is proposed to which will be extended to other services in a open new automobile workshops at newly phased manner. formed districts at a cost of `33 crore. The total outlay proposed for all the schemes of High Security Registration Plates the MVMD department during the Twelfth (HSRP) Five Year Plan is `91.40 crore. The Government of India amended State Transport Authority the Central Motor Vehicles Rules in the year 2001 making it mandatory to fix High Security Modernisation of Checkposts Registration Number Plates in the front and rear side of all motor vehicles. This was done There are 19 check posts functioning mainly to discourage criminals to change/ on the borders of the neighbouring States and alter the number plates of the vehicles that are one check post at Poonamallee is functioning used for committing crimes. A HSRP cannot within the State specially intended to monitor be removed and re-used. It has a unique snap the movement of incoming vehicles from lock, which ensures that the number plate is Bangalore (Karnataka) and Chittoor (Andhra destroyed automatically, when it is tampered Pradesh) via various diversion routes. with or forcibly removed. These number At present eight Check posts have been plates can be fitted within the premises of the computerized using "Vahan" and "Sarathi" Regional Transport Offices and Unit Offices. customized software. The above Check As a safety measure, they have reflective posts have been provided with Broadband sheeting and are visible over a relatively long connectivity and the interlinking of check distance. The implementation of this project posts is under progress. for the new vehicles is in progress. Within two years of the implementation of the scheme, A sum of `79.77 crore has been all the vehicles have to be fixed with HSRP. proposed towards modernization of the check posts at Pethikuppam in Tamil Nadu Smart Cards –Andhra Pradesh Border. It will be an integrated check post for all departments The Smart Card project has been viz. Transport, Commercial Tax, Police, implemented on a pilot basis in three Regional Forest and Prohibition Excise, etc. After Transport Offices namely, Chennai (South), implementation, 100 percent checking will be Cuddalore and Sivagangai, in order to ensure made at the Check posts and state revenue is and put in place a quicker, convenient expected to increase significantly. and more purposeful process for obtaining Driving License and Registration Certificates. Autorickshaws to Unemployed Youth It is proposed to extend this project to cover under Self-Employment Scheme all the regional transport offices/Unit Offices throughout the State. Auto rickshaws shall be given to the unemployed youth under Subsidy Scheme for self-employment at an outlay of `6.25 crore during the Twelfth Plan.
444 Energy and Infrastructure
Urban Transportation Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)
Effective urban transport enhances BRTS is a high quality customer productivity and growth of the economy. It oriented public transport that delivers fast, covers two broad modes – private and public comfortable and low cost urban mobility transport. Public transport is more energy to all. BRT is a successful system of good efficient and empowers poor by making street design and infrastructure (Stations, access to economic opportunities easier. Terminals, Depots) with complementing Urban transport system helps to improve bus fleet. Some of the key features of BRT urban-rural linkages and improve access of are dedicated central bus lanes, step-less rural/ semi-urban population in periphery passenger entry / exit, fare collection at to city centres for the purpose of supply of Stations (off board fare collection), centrally labour without proliferation of slums. The located stations, distinctive buses with objectives of urban transport initiatives are special features, reliable service with real- to ensure easy accessiblity, safe, affordable, time customer information. quick comfortable, reliable and sustainable mobility for all. The Twelfth Five Year Plan It is proposed that implementation of will address the above issues with a mission BRT in Chennai would be taken up in phases. mode approach. The core strategies are as A few key details of Phase-1 are given in the follows: Table 9.4.7.
• Improve quality and accessibility of public transportation, walking and cycling Table 9.4.7: Bus Rapid Transport facilities, safety and public space Corridor in Chennai • Restrict usage of private motor vehicle and (in km.) their impact on the physical environment S.No. BRT Corridor Length and air quality (Phase 1A & 1B) • Manage land use to complement the above 1 Tambaram - Saidapet 18.50 two strategies 2 GST road junction - 10.60 • Increase the fleet and improve service Thoraipakkam quality of bus services in Chennai metro 3 Siruseri - Saidapet 24.80 and other smaller cities and towns 4 CMBT - Madhavaram 12.40 • Introduction of a formal performance management system in city bus services 5 Ambattur - Thirumangalam 7.70 and route rationalization should become an ongoing process once or twice a year 6 Poonamallee- CMBT 14.00 based on performance indicators • Deploy methods of effective monitoring Total 88.00 and enforcement to ensure that the Source: Working Group Report, Dept. of programmes, function as intended and Transport, GoTN result in the goals that have been set • Para transit entrepreneurs can be encouraged in areas not serviced or inadequately served by formal public transport to cooperate and feed passengers into mass rapid transit systems which is a complementary service to the region’s core public transport systems
445 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
Two types of buses will be required Inland Water Transport Services (IWT) for Phase-1 A and 1B. Approximately 300 of them will have to be 18m long articulated Inland Water Transport for passenger (also called vestibule buses) and 130 buses and freight movement involves lower of standard length (12m) type. These buses operating cost and environmental pollution are of special specifications and are different than road, rail or air options. It accounts for from regular city buses. 0.15 percent of domestic surface transport, 30 percent of rail transport and 68 percent BRT systems in cities like Coimbatore, road transport. Madurai, Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Tirupur will be implemented during the Twelfth Plan. The advantages of Inland Water Transport (IWT) are environment friendly Chennai Unified Metropolitan mode of transportation, carbon dioxide Transport Authority emission by IWT is less than half of road transport over distance of more than 150 To monitor all aspects of km, cost effective, fuel-efficient and energy transportation in the Chennai City in tune efficient mode of transport for bulk cargo, with the National Urban Transport Policy, over dimensional cargo and hazardous goods, the Government has constituted the Chennai IWT routes use existing rivers / canals and Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority hence they do not require substantial land (CUMTA) under the Executive Committee acquisition. Therefore, the cost of development headed by Chief Secretary. The basic purpose of waterway per km is about 10 percent of of CUMTA is to achieve integration of all the cost of developing an equivalent four-lane modes of transport (Public Transport viz., expressway or railway and the maintenance buses, Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) cost of inland waterways is potentially, of sub-urban rail, mono-rail and metro rail) in the order of 20 percent that of road and the city to provide seamless travel facility to waterways provide port connectivity to a the passengers across the entire network. It vast underdeveloped hinterland which will is expected to facilitate a common ticketing enable the inland water transport services system for all modes of Public transport. to decongest of roads. It can also share the burden of railways in transportation of bulk Modernisation and expansion of cargo. airports Some of the limitations of Inland The Airport Authority of India has Water Transport are that they are more undertaken the expansion and modernization suited for non perishable and bulk cargo, of Chennai Airport. The State Government it requires extra handling compared to road have been extending full co-operation and as most points of origin and destinations conducting co-ordination meeting with of bulk cargo are located at some distance concerned department for early completion away from the waterways, cross structures of this project. For the expansion and such as bridges have been built across many waterways with very little air clearance modernization of the non-metro airports making them practically non- navigable. in Tamil Nadu land is required. Necessary action is taken to provide land in Coimbatore, In Tamil Nadu, the major waterway is Madurai, Tiruchirapalli and Thoothukudi the Buckingham Canal connecting the states for the expansion and modernization of the of Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu and Andhra existing airports. Pradesh. This is part of National Water ways-4 and this waterway assumes importance due to its connectivity to important Ports like Ennore, Krishnapattinam and Kakinada.
446 Energy and Infrastructure
Development of Inland Water development of the Inland Water Transport. Transport: potential rivers/ canals/ reservoirs/ dams for inland water Twelfth Five Year Plan Outlay transport development in Tamil Nadu An outlay of `3942.11 crore is proposed for Surface and Inland Water The potential rivers/ canals for Transport Services sector for the Twelfth Five inland water transport development are the Year Plan. Scheme wise outlays are shown Buckingham Canal (National Waterway-4), in Table 9.4.8. Cooum River, Adyar River, Araniyar, Vedharanyam Canal, Palar River, Otteri Table 9.4.8: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Nallah, Koraiyyaru and Ananda Victoria Surface and Inland Water Transport Marthandam (AVM) canal.Though navigation Services existed on the above waterways, traffic study (` crore) is a must for assessing the potential cargo S. Schemes Outlay that may use the waterway. Hence, techno No. - economic feasibility studies involving I Ongoing Schemes hydrographic survey and traffic survey is recommended for all waterways during the 1 Motor Vehicles Maintenance 35.40 Twelfth Five Year Plan. Department 2 Share Capital Assistance for 500.00 The reservoirs/ dams in Tamil Nadu Transport Corporations are Amaravathi, Bhavanisagar, Krishnagiri, 3 Auto rickshaw to unemployed 6.25 Manimuthar, Mettur, Papanasam, Aliyar, youth under self Employment Sathanur and Vagai. The dams/reservoirs cover vast area, particularly in the hilly region Scheme where no transport facilities are available. Total - Ongoing Schemes 541.65 Introduction of small passenger vessels of II New Schemes carrying capacity of about 25 persons will be 1 Share Capital Assistance for 1191.00 of great help to people living in hilly region. purchase of new buses Many of smaller waterways in the 2 Modernisation and Upgradation 23.00 States are also the tributaries of National of Regional Workshops/ Offices Water ways and hence can act as feeder routes to the NWs providing a good network 3 Opening of new Automobile 33.00 of waterways with closer access to origin/ destination for the cargo. Workshops at newly formed district (11 District `3.00 crore As the State Government does each) not have adequate financial resources 4 Assistance to deployment of 52.00 and organizational set up/expertise, the Online Electronic Ticketing development of this was not given priority Machines in STUs due to which the development of non-NWs 5 Assistance to deployment of 18.69 remained totally neglected for many decades. GPS based Vehicle Tracking To obviate this situation, Centrally Sponsored and Passenger System for STUs Scheme that was in existence during the Tenth Plan should be re-introduced for 6 Mono Rail Mass Transit System 2002.00 development of this sector in the State. The 7 Modernized check posts at 79.77 Inland vessel operations are to be regulated Pethikuppam as per the provision of Inland vessel Act 1917 8 Development of Inland Water 1.00 and Tamil Nadu Maritime Board could play Transport an important role in this regard. Total - New Schemes 3400.46 During the Twelfth Plan, a sum of Grand Total 3942.11 `1 crore is proposed as a State share for the
447 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu
9.5 PUBLIC WORKS (BUILDINGS)
Overview incorporate good architectural features in the buildings constructed by this Organisation. The Buildings Organization of the The Buildings Organization has also been Public Works Department undertakes entrusted with Tsunami Reconstruction building activities like planning, designing works. and construction of public building and allied works of various government departments. Performance of the Eleventh Plan The services of this organization are During the Eleventh Five Year also utilized by the central government Plan period, the Buildings Organisation undertakings, corporations and universities. constructed buildings for the use of Apart from renovation and restoration of departments like Revenue, PWD, Prison, the heritage buildings, also maintains the Health, and Judicial. The financial outlay for capital assets of the Government buildings, the Eleventh Five Year Plan was `688.28 crore monuments and memorials. with a budgeted outlay of `1997.04 crore, of The Buildings Organization of the which an expenditure of `1622.84 crore was Public Works Department functions under the incurred. Almost all the proposed schemes control of the Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings) in respect of the building sector were taken with 3 Regions,13 circles and 50 divisions for up and completed. Spill over works of `56.53 carrying out civil works and electrical works. crore are in progress. The detailed break-up A separate architectural wing is functioning of expenditure incurred is indicated below in under the control of the Chief Architect to Table 9.5.1.
Table 9.5.1: PWD-Buildings - Eleventh Plan Outlay and Expenditure (` crore) Budgeted S. No. Schemes Outlay Expenditure Outlay 1 Spill over works 35.00 35.00 35.00
2 Construction of Office Buildings for Revenue 35.00 134.30 35.00 Department
3 Construction of Office Buildings for 10.00 - Commercial Tax Department
4 Construction of Office Buildings, Quarters, 47.49 41.54 33.31 Inspection Bungalow for PWD and other departments, establishing Construction Academy, provision of computers and revamping of quality control mechanism for Public Works Department
5 Construction of Courts/Quarters for 250.00 242.83 179.14 Judicial Department
6 Construction of Hospitals, PHCs by Health 10.80 866.63 754.02 Department
448 Energy and Infrastructure
Table 9.5.1: PWD-Buildings - Eleventh Plan Outlay and Expenditure (Contd.) (` crore) Budgeted S.No. Schemes Outlay Expenditure Outlay
7 Construction of Prison etc for Home 55.33 11.82 9.59 Department
8 New Legislative Assembly Building 218.70 628.75 544.91
9 Construction works under Tsunami Relief 15.96 22.11 21.48 Programme
10 Provision for Government/ Public Heritage 10.00 14.06 10.39 Buildings Maintenance, Restoration and rehabilitation
TOTAL 688.28 1997.04 1622.84
Source: Buildings Organisation, Dept. of Public Works, GoTN
Physical Achievements of the at Tiruvarur and inspection bungalow with Eleventh Five Year Plan Period two suites at Kadaladi , Nagercoil, Palani, Schemes Mannarkudi and construction of circuit house at Ariyalur were completed during this During the Eleventh Five Year Plan, a period. number of major building works for various departments were taken up as detailed below: Judicial Public Works Department Buildings including construction of combined court buildings and quarters for Additional circuit house with four judicial officers were taken up and completed suites at Vellore, Tirunelveli and five suites during this period. Construction of building for law officers in High Court campus, Chennai at a cost of `5.70 crore is to be commenced. Construction of 272 quarters for officers and staff members of Madurai Bench of Madras High Court at Madurai at a cost of ` 24.75 crore is in progress. Combined court buildings and judicial officers quarters in 15 places were completed at a cost of `69.92 crore. Combined court buildings and judges quarters in 29 places at a cost of `139.45 crore is under progress. Health and Family Welfare Department Construction of building for new Government Medical College and Hospital at Tiruvarur, Villupuram, Dharmapuri, construction of surgical block for Royapettah Fig.9.5.1: Platinum Jubilee Tower, Mettur Dam Government Hospital, Chennai and
449 Twelfth Five Year Plan Tamil Nadu construction of additional buildings for architectural plans, estimation, design, Government Medical College and Hospital, tender documents, budgeting, execution Chennai (Phase II) were completed. Buildings (PERT CHART), monitoring the progress for Medical college at Sivagangai at a cost and completion of works, accounting and of `97.00 crore were taken up and the auditing system, and establishment etc. building in Phase I are in advanced stage by providing necessary infrastructure of completion. Construction of additional facilities from grass root level to top level. building for Madras Medical College at a cost of `56.63 crore, Construction of medical • All the functions of PWD will be and surgical block at Government Medical standardized and made transparent by College, Chengalpattu at a cost of `14.50 this Management Information System. crore, Construction of building for Centre In view of the above objectives, the of Excellence at Institute of Obstetrics and following schemes are included in the Twelfth Gynecology at Egmore, Chennai at a cost Five Year Plan of `56.32 crore, the works for construction of cancer treatment centre at Royapettah Schemes for the Twelfth Five Year hospital for `17.00 crore and Construction Plan of multistoried building for dental college, Spill over Work Chennai at a cost of `20.63 crore are in progress. The spill over works of the Eleventh Five Year Plan will be taken up with an outlay Fire and Rescue Department of `37.00 crore. Construction of fire station buildings at New Schemes 8 places in Thandarampattu, Omalur, Arani, Kuttalam, Cumbum, Thiruthuraipoondi, Construction of Office Buildings for Thuckalai and Oddanchatram were completed Revenue Department: during this period. Construction of collectorate building, Revenue Department taluk offices, DRO offices, tashildar quarters and other additional buildings Construction of new collectorate at Tiruppur, Thanjavur, Cuddalore, building at Salem, construction of Lalgudi, Polur, Vedasandur, Kuttalam, quarters for District Revenue Officers at Mettur, Jayamkondam, Attur, Sivagangai, Tiruvannamalai, Nagapattinam, Krishnagiri, Virudhunagar, Thanjavur, Sulur, Udumalpet, Uthagamandalam, Dindigul, Palani, Lalgudi, Tambaram and Thiruvannamalai at a total Athur, Thiruchendur, Ramanathapuram cost of `200 crore are proposed. Maduranthagam and Ariyalur, additional building to the collectorate at Dharmapuri, Law / Judicial Department Trichy, were completed during this period. Construction of taluk office building at Construction of National Law School at Kovilpatti, Thenkasi, Tirunelveli and Srirangam in Trichy district, Combined court Ambasamudram at a cost of `7.51 crore is in buildings and quarters at Maduranthagam, progress. Cheyyar, Gingee, Villupuram, Tittakudi, Perundurai, Pudukottai, Nagapattinam, Twelfth Five Year Plan Nannilam, Orathanadu, Omalur, Erode, In the Twelfth Five Year Plan, thrust Perambalur, Karur, Jayamkondam, will be given to strengthening the PWD as Kodumudi, Keeranur, Thuraiyur, follows Perambalur, Salem, Krishnagiri, Pattukottai, Denkanikottai, Thiruthuraipoondi, • In order to strengthen the PWD, Boothapandi, Cheramahdevi, Vilathikulam, suitable network will be provided for Ramnad, Ilayankudi and Periyakulam are Management Information System by proposed. evolving appropriate softwares for
450 Energy and Infrastructure
Construction of Buildings for Construction of Office Buildings for Government Hospitals and Primary Public Works Department: Health Centres Construction of "C" type Government An amount of `25 crore is proposed quarters (700 Nos. in 7 blocks) at Todhunter for construction of Primary Health Centres Nagar Saidapet, Chennai and construction and hospitals at various places. Major outlay of circuit houses, inspection bungalow and for the construction of PHCs and Hospitals office buildings at various places will be are to be proposed under the Health Sector. taken up. Apart from above, various staff quarters will be reconstructed based on the request. Further, in line with Solar Energy Policy-2012, it is proposed to install solar power plants of various capacities in the circuit houses and inspection bungalows in the State in a phased manner.
Table 9.5.2: Twelfth Plan Outlay - Public Works (Buildings) (` crore)
S.No. Department Outlay
On going Schemes
1 Spill over works 37.00
New Schemes
1 Revenue 200.00
2 Law 50.00
3 Judicial 75.00
4 Health & Family Welfare 25.00
5 Public Works 70.00
TOTAL 457.00
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