51-059 0-86-8 (Pt. 15) 20162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 23, 1985 opposition-the death of Steve Biko and the black Africa; many leaders have either out peasants in Ghana were calling upon the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela are well lawed political parties or have declared British to recolonize the country. If we had known. The fourth is insidious repression of their countries one-party states and liqui to die, I and many oppressed Africans would the black majority in general through such dated the opposition. Many opposition rather be shot dead in South Africa than in devices as the pass laws. members have mysteriously vanished in an independent African nation under black Now, if one looks beyond the issue of skin Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Guinea. rule. It seems that only in South Africa does color, similar characteristics also can be There are also parallels between apart the killing and subjugation of innocent found in many black African regimes. heid and black African regimes in the con blacks prompt world-wide pressure for trol of their populations. For example, black reform.f.t ONE-MAN, NO-VOTE South Africans must carry passes that allow In black Africa, the two classes are not them only into certain areas; in black Africa whites vs. blacks but rather the elites vs. the road blocks. Only members of the ruling JOB CORPS people . at of Rhodesia, defended his refusal to hand acea for miseducation and neglect or that corruption trials in 1984, former President over power to the majority by observing they are the only successful approach to im Sangoule Lamizana, who could not account that black Africans were incapable of run proving literacy. They do not meet all the for about $1 million he was charged with ning a country and managing an economy. needs of the client populations. Yet they embezzling, was acquitted. Three top offi That statement was rightly denounced as can provide a core around which other cials of his government were ordered only to racist and invalid, but black Africa's execra training can be structured, and have often repay to the state money they had allegedly ble economic record is not a convincing re been and are being so used public schools, stolen while in office. buttal. the armed services, and other community Three top officials of the Ghana Meat To the majority of black Africans, the programs. Marketing Board were merely sacked in peasants, the whole apartheid issue is large If only by virtue of longevity, the Job 1984 for "gross abuse of office." ly irrelevant. Many of them would affirm Corps basic education program remains the • • • • • that they fared better economically under most viable, influential, and widely imitated South African crackdowns on the African the white colonialists. To many, independ of employability and literacy programs. It is National Congress can be compared with ence has meant oppression and economic also probably among the most economical those meted out to opposition elements in deprivation. Indeed, back in 1981, many and most easily established. July 23, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20163 THE JOB CORPSMEMBER: TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL established the operational philosophy of Incoming students are placed roughly at Although the Job Corps population dif education behind the Job Corps program, the appropriate level by means of a thirteen fers in a number of significant respects from which from the beginning was a combina minute placement test specially developed other adult literacy client populations-age, tion of most suitable materials in the educa for Job Corps, the Reading Job Corps work experience, home and family back tional field with new materials specially de Screening Test # 1. Initial fine placement ground-it is the needs and skills deficien veloped for Job Corps. It is the Job Corps and subsequent advancement from one level cies that it shares with a large number of tests, progress records, and teachers' manu to another are accomplished through one these groups that demonstrate the broad als that organize what would otherwise be to-one teacher interviewing and testing applicability of its literacy programs. The an assortment of commercial and noncom which place the student at his or her most Job Corps population is defined by Title IV mercial materials into sequential learning systems that build literacy step by step. effective performance level. Students who of the Job Training Partnership Act are placed in the beginning reading section as yong men and women who are out of It was determined from the outset that school and out of work, who need improved the program should, as far as possible: of the program work in the Sullivan Associ literacy, job training, and work experience Reinforce success. Overconditioned to ates Programmed Reading series, book 1-14. to secure and hold meaningful jobs, partici defeat in the classroom, corpsmembers need Although Job Corps has a policy of continu pate successfully in schoolwork, or qualify immediate proof of success to capture atten ously evaluating and pilot testing new mate for other civilian or military training. tion and allay fears. rials, this is the best series Job Corps has During the last program year, about two Adapt to random entry. Because corps been able to identify during twenty years of thirds of approximately 55,000 new enroll members enter the program at any time of use and field trial to provide the critical re ees were men and about one-third were year, the educational system must constant wards of immediately reinforced success and women. Nearly two-fifths were sixteen of ly absorb changing enrollments and inte inherent meaning. seventeen, another fifth were eighteen, and grate new students into a learning sequence. Students move rapidly and systematically the remaining two-fifths were nineteen or Provide for individual differences. Like from a few sound symbol pairs, to words, to older. Approximately seventy-five percent the one-room schoolhouse, the Job Corps simple sentences. Experience shows that the were members of minority groups and classroom has to accommodate many levels psychological impact of finding that this is nearly ninety percent came from families and rates of achievement in a basic skill. the first book they can actually read for earning less than $6,000 a year. Be innately rewarding. Learning activities In terms of previous level of literacy and are meant to be intrinsically meaningful themselves soon outweighs initial misgivings education, the average entering Job Corps and rewarding. They involve students in about juvenile illustrations. member has been in school nearly ten years charting their own progress in competition Within the eight half-grade levels of the and has roughly fifth or sixth grade reading with themselves rather than with others. intermediate graded reading section, there skills. In other words, the average Job Corps Be relevant to life goals. Programs should are over 1,800 selections for students to entrant has typically advanced a little more be structured so as to clearly relate to goals choose from. Selections range from high-in than a half year in reading for each year of that make sense to the learner in terms of terest story-cards to short stories from an schooling, a fact that studies show is charac jobs or eligibility for further training. thologies. Students are free to choose from teristic of the edt:.cati.~mal histories of disad THE PROGRAlll: BASIC EDUCATION among 15 to 225 selections at each level by vantaged participants in employability pro means of a master index organized by level grams generally. Where the Job Corps pop The basic education programs built to meet these specifications in reading, mathe and interest areas such as science fiction, ulation does differ educationally and social adventure, mystery, sports, hobbies, jobs. ly from thC>st! in other programs, it is a matics and high school equivalency prepara matter of degree rather than kind-they tion have certain features in common: they The advanced program serves the needs of have the same disadvantages, only more so. are diagnostic, individualized, and predomi students who have worked their way up Comparative studies of public and private nantly self-instructional. To realize the ob through graded reading or whose initial school vocational training students show jectives of immediate success, self-competi placement scores were in the junior high that Job Corps trainees have slightly worse tion and intrinsic reward, proper initial school range. A system of progress and pro educational preparation, lower literacy placement is essential. The learner can motion recording like that in graded reading skills, and that a higher proportion come interact successfully with the material only is used as a means for both students and from families on welfare. They also have if the proper match is established at the teachers to monitor learning. Because of the the least work experience of all groups sur outset. The diagnostic tests are a device for comparable reading levels represented, the veyed. But past studies with the Neighbor matching student skills with units of in advanced reading section is most often used hood Youth Corps and current research struction. After each unit, the corpsmember to supplement the advanced general educa with community programs such as Occupa takes a progress check to demonstrate mas tion program. tery of the material. A successful level of tional Industrial Crusade that have The initial cost of reading materials to used or are using the Job Corps basic educa completion leads to the next unit. If the re tion approach to literacy indicate that the sults show a need for more work on the first equip a classroom to serve 75 students a day, same techniques are at least equally effec unit, alternative remedial or tutorial work is approximately $2500. tive with clients who are somewhat less seri which covers the same material in a differ RESULTS ent way is assigned. ously handicapped by their skills deficien Reliable recent gains data on the use of cies than the Job Corps population. Though there is provision for one-to-one Approximately a fifth of Job Corps en tutorial work throughout the program, es the Job Corps basic literacy program are trants read and compute below the third pecially in the initial stages of beginning difficult to obtain because the Test of Adult grade level; many cannot even recognize the reading, the dominant mode of instruction Basic Education have been institut letters of the alphabet. But another handi is programmed learning. The teacher serves ed just within the last year and insufficient cap is more subtle and difficult or impossi as a counselor, guide, and resource person to data have been reported. However, prelimi ble to measure statistically. Rejected in the help students move through the program at nary data indicate that gains in reading will two socially recognized arenas of achieve their own speed rather than as a lecturer probably be consistent with or better than ment, school and work, the typical corps who makes textbook assignments and para those reported for the years 1968-1974, member is convinced that he or she cannot phrases their content in class. which ranged from 1.3 to 2.5 months per learn. While he or she may momentarily READING month of instruction. Even if one takes the hope that a new method will work, the new The Job Corps Reading Program is com average gain of 1. 7 months in reading as a corpsmember is extraordinarily sensitive to prised of beginning reading, covering liter conservative estimate of actual gains, it is the slightest sign of failure, and in the ab acy skills from o to the equivalent of school clear that the results are better with the sence of clearly demonstrated progress, will grade 3.4; graded reading, covering skills Job Corps literacy program than the .5 gain assume defeat. Without clear and immedi equivalent to school grades 3.5 to 7.4; and per month, or one-half grade level per year, ate proof of personal success, enrollees advanced reading, covering skills equivalent the same students made during their stay in simply drop out of the program. to school grades 7 .5 and above. Beginning school. Allowing wide margins for the ef THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO LITERACY and graded reading are organized as sepa fects of relearning and measurement error, These characteristics, including the incli rate classes, while advanced reading is usu it seems safe to say that students make sub nation of Job Corpsmembers to "vote with ally conducted as a supplement to the high stantially more progress in literacy while in their feet" by dropping out of demanding school equivalency program. Each of these Job Corps than they did before they en and therefore threatening, public institu program segments contains multiple grad tered.• tions, set the direction for the Job Corps lit uated skills levels, which place the students eracy program which has evolved since 1985. in steps of approximately a half-grade level The implied requirements in large measure each. 20164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 23, 1985 DON'T NEGATIVELY AFFECT DONALD W. WEBB. He has vehemently spoken out against this REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT DUDLEY WEBB.e new Costa Rican army, calling the new force "dangerous goosesteppers." In Latin America, the army is the instru HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. INTERNAL THREAT TO COS~A ment for authoritarianism. It is used to nul OF KENTUCKY RICA lify the results of an election when an elect IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ed party attempts to enact policies of pro gressive taxation or social reform. Tuesday, July 23, 1985 HON.EDWARDJ.MARKEY Without an army, Costa Rica's upper class e Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, I OF MASSACHUSETTS has participated constructively in the demo want to share with my colleagues a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cratic process. Wealthy agriculturalists, re timely letter that I received from Tuesday, July 23, 1985 tailers and processors in Costa Rica have for the last 35 years supported both major po Donald W. Webb and Dudley Webb of e Mr. MARKEY. Mr. Speaker, I litical parties. This has allowed Costa The Webb Companies in Lexington, would like to urge my colleagues to Ricans to develop their country through KY. Don and Dudley Webb, natives of take note of an article by Robert M. private initiative, and by sharing the profits Whitesburg in eastern Kentucky, are Sussler that recently appeared in the from commodity exports among small and very successful in the real estate devel Boston Globe. Mr. Sussler is an Ameri large producers and processors. It has re opment business in central Kentucky. can businessman whose work brings sulted in a peaceable, stable democratic soci They have written to me about the him into contact with several Costa ety in an area of chaos and violence. President's tax revision proposal "as it The American Embassy in conjunction Rican clients. Through these clients with Benjamin Piza, head of the National relates to depreciation and capital he has apparently gained an intimate Security Forces of Costa Rica, has now in gains on real estate investment." Don knowledge of the current political cli troduced a growing military presence within and Dudley Webb are concerned that mate in the region. Costa Rica. The United States has 24 advis Tax Code changes to depreciation and This administration's policy toward ers training Costa Rican National Security capital gains on real estate will, in Central America has undermined and Forces in the north of the country to effect, adversely impact small busi weakened those who should be our become an army, and is supplying helicop nesses, industries, and the entire natural allies. While we continue to ters. Plza, with the contrivance of the US Nation. Embassy, pressured President Luis Alberto actively promote the overthrow of the Monge into accepting this new military I agree with their concerns and urge Government of Nicaragua, we thwart force. Piza raised the specter of communist my colleagues to read their comments. our own interests by militarizing the intrusions into Costa Rica by Nicaragua and The June 20 letter from Donald W. tiny nation of Costa Rica, which for the threat of a communist domestic insur Webb and Dudley Webb follows: the last 48 years has stood as a model gency. LEXINGTON, KY, of democracy for the rest of the Even with a small army, Costa Rica could June 20, 1985. region. Mr. Sussler makes a notewor never withstand an invasion by Nicaragua. Congressman CARROLL HUBBARD, thy assessment of the detrimental ef Costa Rica's security derives from its bor Rayburn House Office Building, fects our policy has had on Costa Rica. ders being guaranteed by Venezuela, Mexico Washington, DC. and the United States. DEAR CARROLL: Obviously, we in the real I share his concerns about a powerful Are there internal dangers of insurgency? estate development business are quite con military in Costa Rica leading to grow The Communist Party has never been able cerned about President Reagan's tax revi ing authoritarianism. I hope my col to achieve more than 10 percent of the vote. sion proposal as it relates to depreciation leagues will keep his views in mind. The police force has been able to control do and capital gains on real estate investment. The text of Mr. Sussler's article fol mestic violence, discovering and arresting We understand the President's plan will lows: criminals and terrorists. drastically trim the investment amounts we Benjamin Plza is a key figure with full believe are legitimate calculations for depre INTERNAL THREAT TO COSTA RICA access to the US Embassy. As military com ciation. More importantly, the proposed re (By Robert M. Sussler> mander of the augmented public security visions would have a profound negative NEW LoNDON, CT.-The Reagan adminis force, Plza could choose whether to imple impact on investment in real estate should tration has recently implemented policy de ment Costa Rica's democracy or to proceed an individual's return on investment be cisions that may undermine the democratic down the road toward authoritarianism. taxed as "ordinary income" rather than system of Costa Rica. Costa Rica is known President Reagan, if he stands for free "capital gains." as the Switzerland of Central America, a dom fighters, should do nothing that endan As evidenced in the government's own bastion of tranquility and democracy, with a gers the democratic traditions of Costa monthly economic indicators, commercial private enterprise system and a viable Rica. construction and housing starts are key ba middle class. Reagan's policy is to support a There is a need, however, for humanitari rometers to the nations' economic health. small group of ambitious right-wing, would an aid for the 250,000 l'!icaraguan refugees Minus the automobile industry, no industry be militarists by transforming a portion of already in Costa Rica. Better to neutralize group represents the multiplier effect from the internal police into an army and provid Costa Rica's northern border than to build dollars invested than the real estate devel ing it with training and aircraft. Because up a domestic army. Better to aid these ref opment business. these people are vehement anticommunists, ugees, growing by 3,000 a week, than to This industry is not simply a limited the administration is willing to disregard spend money for helicopters and an army group of investors who alone profit from de the potential authoritarian threat to Costa buildup.e velopment. Commercial, industrial, retail Rica's democracy. and residential real estate development and Costa Rica is a democratic jewel in Cen related construction represents a dollar that tral America. United States aid to the con A STUDENT'S PLEDGE TO rolls over four times the number invested in tras in Nicaragua, the equipping of the Sal AMERICA any given community. Indeed, we can think vadoran army and support for the regime of of no industry that participates with small Guatemala constitute interference in coun business more than real estate development. tries that are already unstable and authori HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY It is our firm belief that the President's tarian. Costa Rica is the stable, democratic OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA currently proposed tax revision as it relates exeption. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to real estate investment will prove exactly In 1948, Costa Rica abolished the army, counter-productive to Mr. Reagan's overall established private enterprise as a basis for Tuesday, July 23, 1985 economic revival program. We oppose this the country's wealth and stability, appropri e Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, I am aspect of the President's tax reform pro ated 25 percent of national funds for educa pleased to take this opportunity to gram and solicit your support in revising the tion, developed a social security system with congratulate the District of Colum program as it comes before you in Congress. adequate health protection for its citizenry, Help keep alive one of America's truly en and entered a stable period of democratic bia's winning contestant in this year's trepreneurial industries, real estate develop development. Crucial to Costa Rica's subse Voice of Democracy contest, Junie J. ment. quent stability was the abolition of the Harris. More than 300,000 secondary Sincerely, Costa Rican army, an achievement of Jose school students participated in the THE WEBB COMPANIES, Figueres, the founder of modern Costa Rica. annual competition sponsored by the July 23, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20165 Veterans of Foreign Wars of the HOW THE SECONDARY MORT ability of housing. Thanks to the sec United States and its ladies auxiliary. GAGE MARKET FUNCTIONS ondary mortage market, families and Mr. Speaker, I commend Miss individuals can be sure of getting a Harris, an 11th grade student at the HON. STEVE BARTLETT mortgage from their local lender, at An Saints High School for her com OF TEXAS interest rates which reflect national mitment to her country and her IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capital market investors' increasing pledge to make it a better place for all willingness to provide a good price for to live. Tuesday, July 23, 1985 mortgage-related securities. This will I submit her speech for inclusion in • Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. Speaker, as a ingness translates into interest rates the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. member of the House Banking Com lower than local sources could provide, MY PLEDGE TO AMERICA mittee, I have spent a great deal of which means savings on montly pay instigated a serious reevaluation of our tax tered the Presidential office. Johnson pro Except as otherwise provided in this item, ation allotments and our funding disburse moted poverty programs of the New Fron all funds appropriated to the Energy Securi ments. We can blame the Executive Admin tier and of his Great Society, consequently ty Reserve are hereby rescinded. Funds so istration; we can blame Congress; we can increasing government responsibilities. The rescinded shall include all funds appropri blame wars, welfare, and the wealthy. Re national debt expanded. In 1965 came John ated to the Energy Security Reserve by the gardless of the cause, the deficit is a fact son's fateful decision to accelerate the Viet Department of the Interior and Related that meets each American face to face-on nam War. Purposely disregarding econo Agencies Appropriations Act, 1980 , was inad service award, the department's Pennsylvania brain-trauma laboratory equate to prevent the animals from suffer second highest award, for his role in a should have been stopped as soon as ing serious pain. They charged that lab as shootout with three desperadoes. One the violations were first made public sistants were violating rules having to do bandit was killed and two others almost a year ago. with sterile procedures. The hammer blows wounded when Corbin and other offi to remove the protective helmets, they said, cers interrupted a hold-up in my dis In today's Washington Post, James affected whatever findings might be dis J. Kilpatrick offers a balanced per closed by later dissection. trict. Johnnie knew what danger was. spective on this sensitive issue. Kilpat The stolen film shows animals with vari Johnnie was a survivor. The ex rick does not mention that the report ous levels of brain damage. It depicts re Marine Corps sergeant underwent of the investigating committee, which searchers as having a really fun time. One open heart surgery in 1983, and after a July 23, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20171 short recuperation returned to police which we base our plans of action, it is weapons system which would have duty. Johnnie wasn't very different critical that we be aware of the Soviet given us an advantage, because the So from the thousands of other peace of proclivity for lying. They instinctively viets really didn't have the capacity to ficers in this country-men who do a lie, preferring the protection of misdi produce such missiles. The tipoff to very important job for our country rection to the advantages of truth. this should have been General Ogar and their community, men we citizens And, when the truth comes out, they kov's presence at the Geneva bargain often take for granted. do their best to raise doubts as to the ing table. On Wednesday, June 5, 1985, Officer accuracy of the true reports. Another side of this is the absence of Johnnie Corbin, was doing his job. So important is the Soviet propensi news in the Soviet media about natu Johnnie didn't die in a hail of gunfire. ty for misdirection, deceit, and decep ral disasters or even plane crashes, de Johnnie wasn't freeing a hostage from tion, that they actually have a chief spite the fact that many Soviet citi the terrorists. Johnnie was giving out directorate for strategic deception, zens are directly affected by such parking tickets. He was assigned to headed by General N.V. Ogarkov. This events. traffic safety, and he was doing his department guides and controls all job. Fifteen minutes before his death, military censorship in the Soviet The other kind of Soviet lie is the Corbin gave a motorist a $4 ticket for Union, which means all publications in big lie, a lie told when no Soviet would a parking violation. The motorist in a science, technology, economics, or any dare tell the truth, but silence is im rage ran Johnnie down as he sat on thing which might have military im possible. The record is replete with his tri-car. That wasn't enough, his as plications. Viktor Suvorov, in his re such examples. Soviet troops are in Af sailant proceeded to kick Officer vealing and insightful study "Inside ghanistan because the Western Corbin in the head-just for doing his the Soviet Army," tells us that "Every Powers are running an operation job. thing in this huge country must be against the Afghan Government. The Mr. Speaker, we in America, read done in such a way that the enemy Government of Czechoslovakia invited about or see on television daily, the always has a false impression of what Soviet troops into that country in sensational efforts put forth by our is going on." He goes on to say that 1968. The United States caused the police officers. And in those brief mo some things are hidden, others are ex cold war. Flight KAL 007 was shot ments, we think, "Thank God they aggerated "out of all recognition." down because it was engaged in a spy were there to help." But how often do Further, Suvorov tells us, Soviet mili mission. I could go on, but the point is we just take for granted the job they tary intelligence and the directorate clear. do? The pay is not always good, the have recruited mercenary hack jour The problem this presents for U.S. hours are sometimes bad, and their nalists abroad, who disseminate policymakers, and lawmakers, is that lives are always on the line. Soviet-inspired false information. we spend so much time sorting out To the anonymous citizen, who ap Within the first directorate of the what we can believe and what we prehended the assailant with Officer KGB, the active measures service car cannot. Our intelligence services Corbin's own gun, and to all the John ries out parallel operations, with at gather data, and provide reports. At nies in law enforcement, thanks for tention to far more than simply disin the same time the Soviets hide some the job you do. We do remember. To formation and forgeries. It is worth things completely-like their recent Sohnnie's family, friends, and fellow noting that since World War II the So real missile production-and put out officers, our deepest sympathy. And viets have upgraded that office from a misleading stories on more public de you Johnnie, we remember.a disinformation office to an active velopments, seeking to undercut measures office to its present status as public faith in official U.S. reports. SOVIET ACTIVE MEASURES: a full-fledged service. That service has The Soviets are fond of besmirching LUNGREN S.O. six departments, and is charged with the United States reputation by circu supporting foreign active measures lating what used to be called black conducted by the Politburo. Deception propaganda through news organs HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN is a key element in the Soviet strategy around the world. One of Ogarkov's OF CALIFORNIA of world domination. puppet journalists writes a story IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One way to look at the Soviet art of which might appear in the Bombay lying is to remember that they have Blitz, for instance, accusing an Ameri Wednesday, July 17, 1985 small lies, and big lies. The small lie is can Embassy official of spying or e Mr. DORNAN of California. Mr. the slight distortion, the statistical ex other misbehavior. The story is then Speaker, this special order is of great aggeration or shell game, which exag picked up by Pravda or Izvestia, and interest to me, because I am convinced gerates progress or success, or mini then reported in a Western newspaper, that one of the most consistent and mizes failure. A significant example of by which time some people accept it as significant efforts the Soviet Union this was General Ogarkov's promotion true. It is hard enough to keep track makes in its public affairs at home or of the belief that they were capable of of normal political polemics as prac abroad, is trying to make the world see producing a successful antiballistic ticed in this country by rivals and op things that aren't there, or not to see missile. Now, the Soviets did have ponents, let alone the complications of things that are. The Soviet Govern some excellent surface-to-air missiles international news deliberately slant ment does this in order to gain the in their armory at that time, and they ed and distorted to blind the American maximum advantage available by were capable of destroying some ballis public to what our adversaries are making this country and others, in tic missiles. They were by no means about. cluding its own citizens, misdirect at able to destroy an incoming American A case in point was the cleverly ar tention and energy, or sleep, blissfully Minuteman missile. But, by displaying ranged demise of the enhanced radi unaware of what is being done to an otherwise unidentified huge missile ation weapon, or neutron bomb. The them. during a Moscow parade, building a Soviets spent about $100 million to Their work of misdirection ranges building in plain sight of Moscow, and shape the public debate to their pur from placement of black propaganda broadcasting some computer signals poses, successfully. In the NATO articles in friendly foreign publica from it, they gave the impression that Review for April 1983, Larry Eagle tions to timing the activities of their they had something going. They even burger reported that "the U.S.S.R. military and defense construction so faked up some films showing an anti was a.ble to distort the public debate as to be quiescent and invisible as U.S. ballistic missile in action. The result on the topic and direct attention from intelligence satellites pass overhead. was that this country came to the bar the massive Soviet military buildup Since the pictures of the world we gaining table with the Soviets and re and the clear threat to European secu make in our minds are the models on linquished our right to develop a rity posed by Warsaw Pact convention- 20172 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 23, 1985 al forces-the threat which enhanced Vietnam, who have held on to their in person, but my thoughts and pray radiation weapons can so effectively faith and their determination never to ers were with these dedicated friends counter." The unfortunate part was let any of us forget, are truly Ameri as always but especially as they met that responsible and informed Ameri can heroes. No greater courage nor together this year to dedicate a new can journalists fell into the Soviet love has any man or women than they display case that contains special trap. To this day, some people believe who refuse to surrender hope. Their MIA/POW bracelets in honor of our the neutron bomb was rejected be extraordinary sacrifice, and extraordi missing men. cause it was immoral, "that it killed nary spirit, command our admiration Mr. Speaker, I would like to include people instead of destroying proper and demand our unrelenting commit for the RECORD an article that ap ty," rather than because the Soviets ment to be adamant in our insistence peared in the Buffalo News of June 23, cleverly torpedoed it. Other writers that Hanoi provide a full accounting 1985 by Bob Curran concerning this have described Soviet capabilities and of our missing countrymen. very special event, and the extraordi practices in the area of active meas That national commitment is more narily special people responsible for ures. I call attention to John Barron's than a promise; it is a solemn responsi these ceremonies of remembrance. masterful study, "The KGB Today," bility that we owe not only to those Bob is a great friend of all the fami which details the operations of that 2,500 and their families, but to the lies mentioned and I'm proud of the Soviet secret intelligence/counterintel future generations who will serve their great work he has done to keep this ligence agency. Arnaud Deborch country, that they may be secure in issue at the forefront of our attention. grave's excellent series in the Wash the knowledge of our unfailing sup THE MISSING ARE STILL REMEMBERED ington Times detailed the network of port for them in combat and commit Courage is to feel organizations which manipulate Amer ment to their safe return home. The deadly daggers of relentless steel ican public and official opinion, espe We know that the Governments of And keep on living.-Douglas Malloch dally with regard to Central America. Vietnam and Laos have information The above words appear at the beginning There are many examples we could which could resolve the status of a of a column of mine that was published Oc cite, and I am sure the wide range of large number of American POWI tober 10, 1970. institutional and organizational con MIA's. The refusal of the Communist In the body of the story I told about how nections in the peace and antinuclear Governments of Vietnam and Laos to Mrs. Robert Rausch of Hamburg was in movements in Western Europe and provide this information, despite re formed by visiting Air Force officers that her husband was missing in action in South the United States fit nicely into the peated official demarches and poign east Asia. active measures strategy. Tens of ant personal humanitarian pleas, It was the first of many stories I would thousands of well-meaning, idealistic highlights as much as anything why it write about the men missing in action in citizens of the United States and of was right for those who love freedom Southeast Asia and it came front and center Western European democracies are and human decency to fight against a month or so ago when I received a letter deftly herded into the streets to serve the Communist forces of North Viet from Donna Lee Glair, chairman of the Moscow's aims-the delaying of de nam. And that fight is not over, not in Missing-In-Action ceremonies that will be ployment of a defensive weapons Indochina, where the democratic re held at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and system to counter the Soviet threat. sistance continues, and not here, the Buffalo Naval & Servicemen's Park on We must be on our guard, and we July 6th and 7th. where the families of our POW/MIA's In the letter Mrs. Glair asked if I would must recognize the Soviet design and unceasingly continue to speak out, to represent the Rausch family at the ceremo intention as the Soviet Union practices never give up, to never forget. ny and place Robert Rausch's bracelet in "active measures," which is to confuse That fight is noble, as President the special case that from July 7th on will and mislead us that they can gain Reagan has said; indeed it is the no be on display at the Naval Park. fatal advantage over this Nation.e blest of fights because its goal is the Right after notifying Mrs. Glair that I noblest of goals, which is to make it was honored by the invitation and would be there, I began thinking about an Independ NATIONAL POW/MIA possible to believe that one day all ence Day column for July 7th. RECOGNITION DAY mankind will be free of the horror of ThEn I found myself thinking, "Who totalitarian fanaticism, free to grow qualifies more for a Neighborhoods column HON. JACK F. KEMP and reach our full potential. than this band of people whom you have For several weeks this summer, spent more time with than you have with OF NEW YORK America held its breath while Ameri neighbors." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cans were held hostage in Beirut. The Yes, there, have been memorable days. Tuesday, July 23, 1985 families of our POW/MIA's have been There is no way I could forget the day holding their breath for a dozen or Mrs. Barbara Rausch and Major Robert e Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, this has Rackley, the officer the Air Force had as been a year for remembering. We cele more years. If they had tied yellow signed to her case, asked me to meet them brated the 40 anniversary of the victo ribbons to their doors and mailboxes, at the Statler Hilton. ry of the Allies ending World War II, those ribbons would long ago have At the meeting, Barbara told me that she and we remembered those who gave become tattered and torn. But their was convinced-as were Air Force officials their lives in that war, and those who ribbons aren't tied to their mailboxes, that her husband had died on the day he suffered the horror of the Holocaust. they're tied to their hearts. They will crashed. She and Bob Rackley had fallen in We looked back 10 years ago to the never fade, not until our missing are love and planned to marry. They wanted me accounted for, our countrymen to break the news in a column because I un fall of Saigon, and we remembered derstood the situation. why we were in that war, the honor of brought home. That was done and the Rackleys now live those who served, the tragedy of Viet In western New York, our communi down South. nam today. ty continues to remember, thanks to There were other unforgettable days. Like Today we observe another day of na the courage and relentless determina the Christmas Day when I spent some time tional remembering. July 19, 1985 is tion of people like Barbara Rausch, with Mrs. Mafalda DiTommaso, who has National POW /MIA Recognition Day. and Sue Czajkowski, and Ellen Cooper, not celebrated a holiday since her son, As President Reagan said in his proc and Mafalda DiTommaso and Chris Robert, was shot down in 1966. lamation of this day, "we recognize tine Waz, and many others. On July 6 Like the time I traveled to Rochester to and 7, under the chairmanship of attend an Army-Navy Union meeting with the special debt all Americans owe to Sue Czajkowski and her mother, the late our fellow citizens who gave up their Donna Lee Glair, Missing-In-Action Lee Dyczkowski, whose Air Force son, freedom in the service of our country; ceremonies were held at the Vietnam Robert, was shot down on April 23, 1966. we owe no less to their families." Veterans' Memorial and the Buffalo Then there were the tree plantings. And The families and loved ones of the Naval and Serviceman's Park. I was as I typed that last sentence I thought of 2,500 Americans unaccounted for in very sorry that I was unable to attend the day some of Sgt. Jimmy Rozo's friends July 23, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 20173 played a special song at a tree planting in CONGRESSIONAL CALL TO Most recently, investigative report his honor in Tonawanda. CONSCIENCE And there was the day we all marched to ers for the San Francisco Examiner, the White House with the families of people Phil Bronstein and David Johnston, from other places who were missing in HON. BILL EMERSON have uncovered NED's activities in the action in Southeast Asia. OF MISSOURI Philippines. I enter into the CONGRES Certainly I will never forget the lady who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SIONAL RECORD their news story which when asked by a TV reporter if she was re appeared in Sunday's edition of that ~using to concede her son was dead because Tuesday, July 23, 1985 paper. The article follows: of the fact that she would lose benefits, e Mr. EMERSON. Mr. Speaker, today [From the San Francisco Examiner, July 21, gave a strong and teary reply. I join many of my colleagues in the It was: "He came to me naked and with 1985] nothing and I will take him back the same congressional call to conscience which, U.S. FuNDING ANTI-LEFT FIGHT IN way. All I want from the government is an I am pleased to say, has become an PHILIPPINES accounting." annual occurrence in which we as These days I am wearing an MIA/POW Members of Congress can express our At least $3 million from a U.S. fund de bracelet with the name of Robert DiTom dismay and outrage at the human signed to "foster democracy" around the maso on it. On the third finger of my left rights violations taking place every world through development programs is qui hand is a red ring with the name of Jimmy day against Jews in the Soviet Union. etly being spent to fight the communist in Rozo on it. And I wince when people say, "I Despite our past protests and the surgency in the Philippines and to cultivate didn't know people were still wearing those bracelets." world outcry against the treatment of political leaders there. Yes, there are people wearing the brace these oppressed people, the situation The money is part of a multimillion-dollar lets and the rings and each veterans organi in the Soviet Union has worsened congressional appropriation to the AFL zation has a national committee on national during the past year. The emigration CIO and other organizations. But details on and local levels that are dedicated to the rate for Soviet Jews in 1984 was the how the funds are spent are a closely guard cause. ed secret provoking irritation both in Con worst in more than a decade, and anti gress and in Manila. As I watched reports on the hostage situa semitic activity by the Soviet Govern The funds sent to the Philippines are in tion in Lebanon on TV the other night, I ment has increased. found myself thinking about some of the tended to assist workers and farmers. Al men whom many of us consider to be hos At a time when relations between though such programs are under way, crit tages. our Government and that of the ics say the money also has become a vehicle Yes, the officials in Hanoi have been par Soviet Union are improving and a new for the United States to intervene in Philip celling out the bodies of dead men just as leader has taken power there, it is im pine Affairs while bypassing the govern terrorists parcel out live hostages. And portant to continue pressuring the So ment of President Ferdinand Marcos. often I recall Captain Dick Stratton, who viets to observe the Helsinki accords The programs are paid from tax money came home after six and a half years as a and guarantee individual rights to via the private, Washington-based National prisoner of the Viet Cong and made a state Endowment for Democracy. The endow freedom of religion, cultural practices, ment channels the money to the Philippines ment about the matter. He said: "If the Viet and emigration. All of these things Cong would collaborate with an American through the Asian American Free Labor In inspection team, we could have an account that we take for granted in our own stitute, an arm of the AFL-CIO. ing within a month." country are only dreams for mi::_uns Local labor leaders in several Philippine The name of Dick Stratton reminds me of Jews in the Soviet Union. We must provinces have won union elections with that I did not mention earlier that I spent not allow ourselves to become compla help from the fund; the money also assists many hours with his sister, Mrs. Ellen cent and forget others in the world several radio stations and publications. Cooper of Snyder. Ellen kept working with who have the misfortune to live under A prominent Philippine opposition leader, the other families of MIA/POW families a government that has no respect for former Sen. Jose Diokno, said the program after her brother was returned. is "worse than just a matter of intervening On the day of the march to the White basic human rights. Today, we all call in our internal affairs. It is breeding further House I met the father of a man who had upon the leadership of the Soviet discontent." also returned from prison camp. Others told Union to do what is right and decent Members of Congress and U.S. Embassy me that the father is still one of the most and end its oppression of Soviet personnel in Manila have had difficulty active members of the National League of Jews.e learning details about the fund. One embas Families of Men Missing in Action in South sy official who made persistent inquiries east Asia. was said to have been threatened with the The July 6th ceremony will start at 10 NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR loss of his job. a.m. at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial DEMOCRACY: ONLY THE Program coordinators in the Philippines near the Naval Park. LATEST IN A LITANY OF QUES acknowledge that combatting the growing Bracelets with the names of 23 men from TIONABLE ACTIVITIES communist movement is a major objective, this area will be placed in a special case. but insist the funds are appropriately spent After the formal ceremonies have ended, to support the free trade union movement members of the Vietnam Veterans of Amer HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. and create self-sufficiency programs for ica will keep a vigil over the case until 10:45 OF MICHIGAN farmers and the rural poor. on Sunday, July 7th. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The National Endowment for Democracy At 11 A.M. on July 7th, the bracelets will has critics in Congress, although its funding be moved to the park and placed in the care Tuesday, July 23, 1985 for the coming ffacal year was approved last of Commander Richard Beck, U.S.N., Director of the Park. On Thursday, its very inception, the National En the appropriation within the next few Susa~ Czajkowski was saying: "The case will dowment for Democracy has been rid weeks. be in Commander Beck's care until the last NED is "clearly one of the most mischie man whose name is on a bracelet is returned dled with scandal and impropriety. vous and unjustified expenditures of public to the United States." Whether it be interfering in other funds that we've seen in some time," Rep. Of course I am looking forward to seeing countries' elections, such as Panama, John Conyers, D-Mich., wrote in a letter to all of MIA/POW people mentioned above supporting ideologically affiliated po his House colleagues last week. Conyers and Christine Waz, Jimmy Rozo's sister, litical organizations and political -par tried unsuccessfully Wednesday to kill NED whom I didn't mention on July 6th. Chris ties abroad, acting as a pseudo foreign funding. was one of my main contacts for years. policy arm of the U.S. Government Conyers, who was unaware of the pro And I hope that I will see some strange without a clear congressional mandate gram's effort in the Philippines, said in his faces at the ceremonies. Faces that belong letter that NED money may be funding the to other Americans who realize that the to do so, or violating congressional AFL-CIO's political objectives in Central families of the men missing in action have mandate by the way in which it dis America and Africa. never stopped feeling "the deadly daggers of tributes funds, NED has been a highly He wrote that the law creating NED relentless steel" as they kept on living and unjustified and duplicitous waste of "should really be known as the Taxpayer hoping.e the taxpayers' money. Funding for Foreign Elections Act." 20174 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 23, 1985 Last year, the NED-funded Free Labor In source familiar with his efforts detailed H.R. 1555 stitute in Panama was found to have donat Lee's unsuccessful attempts to get informa ed $20,000 to a candidate in that country's tion about the institute's Philippine presidential election. Congress has since projects. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO passed an amendment prohibiting political The source quoted Lee as saying that OF CALIFORNIA use of NED money. since the money came from U.S. taxpayers, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The U.S. Information Agency liaison for "We have a certain obligation to see that NED, Cathy Super, said last week that she they're used properly." Tuesday, July 23, 1985 was unfamiliar with the programs in the "All of a sudden it disappears into a pri e Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, Philippines and said the endowment resist vate organization and becomes a secret," the ed providing reports. NED's annual report source said. "Some of the programs are during the debate on H.R. 1555, the to Congress does not specify the group's ex made to sound clandestine." International Security and Develop penditures. After Lee began to ask about the size and ment Cooperation Act of 1985, I was NED President Carl Gershman said there nature of the institute's programs, he was pleased to join the gentleman from is no secrecy involved in the program. told by State Department officials to "lay New York, CMr. GARCIA], in a short "We're operating in a fishbowl," he said. off, it's none of your business," the source colloquy on the economic and political NED was created in 1983 after President said. Reagan called for private sector efforts to situation in Ecuador. strengthen democratic institutions around AFL-CIO executives in Washington com Much to my surprise and disappoint the world. Originally, NED funds-$18 mil plained to Ambassador Steven Bosworth ment, I discovered several typographi lion last year-were divided among groups about Lee, according to the source, and cal errors in my remarks which ap set up by the AFL-CIO, the U.S. Chambers threatened to have Lee removed from his peared in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of Commerce and the Republican and job. One of those blocking Lee's inquiries in the following day. The printed text of Democratic national committees. Congress my remarks incorrectly leaves the im dropped funding for the party committees Washington, according to several sources, last year. was Irving Brown, the politically powerful pression that Ecuador has not acted in The AFL-CIO is getting the largest chunk head of the AFL-CIO's international section a responsible manner with respect to of funding-$11.5 million-which it gives to and an ardent anti-communist. its economic troubles. Such is not the its Free Trade Union Institute. The insti Brown, who visited the Philippines last case. The government of President tute has created programs in politically un year, has long been involved in AFL-CIO ac Febres-Cordero has done a remarkable settled areas. In Southeast Asia, the vehicle tivities in international trouble spots, in job to revive the economy and reduce is the Asian American Free Labor Institute. cluding Asia and Latin America. Some the country's foreign debt. My re Although the institute covers all of South former Central Intelligence Agency agents, including Phillip Agee, have linked Brown marks also indicated that Ecuador has east Asia, the Philippines project "is far and is away larger than anything else we've got to CIA activities. a human rights problem. This abso going," said Charles Gray, the institute's ex The institute's director in Thailand was lutely false. The U.S. State Depart ecutive director in Washington. expelled late last year when the Thai gov ment reports that Ecuador "has vigor The Asian American Free Labor Institute ernment accused him of being a spy. ously upheld the principles of repre has been active in the Philippines for 15 The institute's program in the Phillip sentative rule." Further, they report years, using money from the AFL-CIO and pines "follows the pattern of Latin America "* • • there were no substantiated the U.S. Information Agency. But its fund where AFL-CIO money was used for CIA cases of human rights violations in ing for Philippine operations increased from purposes," Philippine opposition leader 1984." $250,000 to $1 million in 1984 with the injec Diokno said. "For instance, they opened up It is regrettable that these errors oc tion of the NED allocations. An additional an institute here supposedley to teach labor $2 million was allocated last year, bringing relations. But they teach community orga curred in the transcript of my re the total to $3 million. nizing and indoctrination, not labor trac marks. The program, with its base in the urban tics." Mr. Speaker, at this point in the Filipino labor movement, has used the NED Still, over the last 15 years the institute RECORD, I would like to insert a copy money to expand to all areas of the country has begun programs that even critics such of my letter to Ecuador's Ambassador in an attempt to undermine leftist gains in as Lee endorse. They include low-interest to the United States, Mario Ribaden religious organizations, universities and loans, employment training, health care and eira. among the rural poor. farm projects. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, The NED money had dramatic effects, Although some institute officials are un said the institute's administrator in the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, happy even with the country's traditional Washington, DC, July 23, 1985. Philippines, Bud Phillips, coming after the opposition-They are the same kind of 1983 assassination of opposition leader Ben His Excellency MARIO RIBADENEIRA, people already in power," said executive di Ambassador of Ecuador to the United igno Aquino had destabilized the country. rector Gray-the main enemy remains the "If people hadn't had immediate assist States, 2535 15th Street, NW., Washing communists, and not just those in the labor ton, DC. ance then," Phillips said, "the success of the movement. political left in the trade DEAR MR. AMBASSADOR: I was honored to unions would have been phenomenal. Na "The leftist elements can join in the debate during the House's con tionally and internationally it would have potentially make real problems," Gray said, sideration of the foreign assistance legisla been a Waterloo. Our help saved the free "and we're trying to counter that kind of tion regarding the economic and political trade union movement here." thing." situation in your country. With only one administrator and a small The institute also has problems in Con Your President is to be congratulated for staff in Manila, the institute depends on Fil gress. Opponents are likely to renew their setting a bold new direction in terms of eco ipino labor leaders to dole out the money to efforts to cut out NED financing when the nomic and social policy. various programs. That creates political appropriation request for the next two It was with deep regret, therefore, that I allies in a country where the average annual years comes before the Senate. discovered several errors in my printed re income is only $790. With board members like Henry Kissinger marks which appeared in the CONGRESSION "Some of the regional Philadelphia
