Faces & Places

The Heartbeat of High Power CERN Courier May 2018 Faces & Places

A ppointments New leader at Fermilab’s next accelerator

On 1 March, accelerator physicist Lia is the first particle accelerator to be built in Merminga was appointed project director FNAL the US with significant contributions from for Fermilab’s PIP II (Proton Improvement international partners. Merminga, previously Plan II) and its new superconducting linear associate laboratory director for accelerators accelerator. Along with improvements to at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab’s Main Injector and Recycler succeeds Fermilab’s Stephen Holmes. accelerators, PIP II will provide She has more than 25 years’ experience high-intensity proton beams for future in accelerator and superconducting experiments including the flagship radio-frequency technology, and served as High Frequency Innovation Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility and the director of the Center for Advanced Studies Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. of Accelerators at Jefferson Lab and as Our Pulse Modulator Range includes long-pulse (›1 ms), short-pulse (‹4 µs) and X-band solutions. The new 800 MeV machine will double the Lia Merminga will lead the superconducting head of the accelerator division at Canada’s energy of the existing linac at Fermilab and linac PIP II, serving neutrino experiments. TRIUMF laboratory. Challenge us to meet your challenges! Change of chairs for antimatter community M Brice/CERN

Experimentalists Stefan Ulmer of RIKEN beam time. The AD is a unique global Transmission Antenna Scientiﬁ c Green [email protected] Science MedTech Industry Broadcast and Chloé Malbrunot of CERN have been research facility hosting the AEgIS, Systems Systems Applications Technologies elected chairperson and deputy chairperson, ALPHA, ASACUSA, ATRAP, BASE and respectively, of the Antiproton Decelerator GBAR experiments. Ulmer is founder and (AD) user community. The roles involve spokesperson of the BASE collaboration, representing the interests of the antimatter while Malbrunot is involved with ASACUSA community to CERN management, requiring and AEgIS. For the past 17 years the AD user regular contact with the spokespersons of community has been represented by Walter Left to right: Walter Oelert, Chloé Malbrunot, RF Science approved AD experiments and organising Oelert and, since 2012, Horst Breuker. Stefan Ulmer and Horst Breuker. A w A r d s The work of Fogli, Lisi and the Pontecorvo award Bari neutrino group on the theory and phenomenology of neutrino and astroparticle to Fogli and Lisi physics has led to a detailed understanding of oscillation searches with solar, atmospheric, The 2017 Bruno Pontecorvo Prize, which accelerator and reactor neutrinos, and of their is given by the Joint Institute for Nuclear interplay with non-oscillatory searches. The Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, has been two laureates will report on their achievements awarded to Gianluigi Fogli and Eligio Lisi at an awards ceremony at the next session of of the University of Bari and INFN in Italy Gianluigi Fogli (left) and Eligio Lisi. the JINR council on 20–21 September. The for their pioneering contributions to the Pontecorvo Prize was established in 1995 development of the global analysis of neutrino an international jury’s recommendations by to commemorate Bruno Pontecorvo, once oscillation data from different experiments. the JINR scientific council at its 123rd session Enrico Fermi’s collaborator and often deemed The announcement followed the approval of on 22–23 February. the father of neutrino physics.

Radio Frequency knowledge on nuclei at the extremes of for Scientific Applications Gold medal for existence in opposite ends of the nuclear

Scientific and special applications are a strategic chart. Oganessian has made fundamental

company business unit. extreme nuclei Puzynina/JINRE contributions to the study of superheavy

Products include low and high power systems using elements, also acknowledged in 2016 when radio frequency for advanced physics such as The 2017 Lomonosov Gold Medal, the element 118 was named Oganesson (Og), scientific applications, biomedicine and aero-spatial developments, being considered special highest accolade of the Russian Academy while Jonson, who has also played key roles applications. of Sciences, has been awarded to Yuri in CERN’s ISOLDE facility, has focused Oganessian of the Joint Institute for Nuclear on the nuclear structure and stability at

Itelco RADIO & TV Research (JINR) in Russia and Björn Jonson the boundaries of the nuclear chart for the BROADCAST EQUIPMENT AND SOLUTIONS WORLDWIDE of Chalmers University of Technology Björn Jonson (left) and Yuri Oganessian have lightest elements. The award ceremony took itelco.it in Sweden. The pair has extended our extended the boundaries of the nuclear chart. place in Moscow on 30 March.

CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 37 11/04/2018 14:20 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 8 N u m b e r 4 M a y 2 0 1 8 CERN Courier May 2018 CERN Courier May 2018 Faces & Places Faces & Places

Winners of the 2018 Collide awards revealed Standard Model gets annual check up at Moriond

Arts at CERN, a project started in 2001, Her investigation, titled Holographic The 2018 Moriond sessions took place in allows artists from all over the world to Universe, aims to “explore the artists’ La Thuile, Italy, from 10 to 24 March. The spend time at CERN and work alongside motivations and intentions through the annual conference is an opportunity to Varanda V particle physicists and engineers. On history of art, from cave painting to review the progress taking place over the 22 March the winners of the 2018 Collide modernism and global contemporary art”. breadth of particle physics, from B physics A Henchoz and J Lang International and Collide Geneva awards, The Collide Geneva award, a partnership to gravitational waves and from advances in organised in collaboration with Arts at between Arts at CERN and local authorities, electroweak precision tests to exploratory CERN, were announced. London-based was won by Anne Sylvie Henchoz and Julie searches for dark matter. The quest for new Polish artist Suzanne Treister won the Lang. The pair will spend three months particles covers an impressive 40 orders of Collide International award, a three-month at CERN during the autumn, further magnitude, from the 10–22 eV region explored artist residency in collaboration with the A previous work titled Archipelago and developing their project Space Time Energy, via neutron-spin precession to the 13 TeV Foundation for Art and Creative Technology Tempo by Collide Geneva winners Sylvie exploring potential analogies between the energy of the LHC and the highest-energy in the UK that will begin in May. Henchoz and Julie Lang. human body and particles. phenomena in cosmic rays. Anomalies in the decays of beauty M e e t i n g s quarks found by the LHCb and B-factory Participants during a talk at the 2018 Moriond conference in Italy. experiments continue to entice theorists to look for explanations for these possible by ATLAS and CMS, including evidence of October 2017 p8) were noticeable. The search Defining technology for tomorrow’s experiments hints of lepton non-universalities, and ttH production, and global combinations of for heavy neutral leptons is taking place at experimental updates are eagerly awaited production and decay channels shows that both fixed-target and collider experiments, A Ricci The scale and technological sophistication (CERN Courier April 2018 p23). Progress the precision on the couplings between the while reactor experiments (like DAYA BAY of the detectors at the LHC experiments continues in the field of CP violation in B Higgs and other particles is improving fast. and STEREO) are meant to clarify the reactor is almost incomprehensible. In addition to and D mesons, while quantitative tests of the The study of rare decays of the Higgs boson antineutrino anomaly. The puzzle of sterile several subdetector systems, they contain CKM matrix are being helped by precise is advancing rapidly, with the H → µ+µ–decay neutrinos is not yet completely clarified millions of detecting elements and support calculations in lattice QCD. Progress on within reach. after 20 years. Deep-sea (ANTARES) a research programme for an international leptonic and semi-leptonic D-meson decays The search for heavy resonances is and South Pole (IceCube) experiments are community of thousands of scientists. The was reported from BES-III, while Belle continuing at full speed, with CMS presenting now mature, with ANTARES showing, volume of data that will be produced during showed hints of the decay B+ → µ+ ν and one Z´ analysis employing the full, available among other things, searches for point-like the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC evidence of isospin violation. In the classic LHC data set (77.3 fb–1), including 2017 data. sources. IceCube presented a brand new (HL-LHC) and by future colliders calls for field of rare kaon decays, the CERN SPS Is supersymmetry hiding somewhere? Several analysis looking for tau-neutrino appearance even more sophisticated technologies. experiment NA62 showed its first results, analyses at ATLAS and CMS are now being that is competitive with existing results. In November 2017, CERN launched a presenting one candidate event for the elusive recast to include more elusive signatures with Neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments process to define its R&D programme on decay K+ → π+ ν ν– obtained using a novel various amounts of R-parity violation and are now biting into the sensitivity of the new experiment technologies from 2020 in-flight technique (see p7). degenerate spectra, and there is an emerging inverted mass hierarchy (CUORE and onwards. The programme covers detector Fundamental parameters of the Standard interest in performing searches beyond EXO-200), with promising developments in upgrades beyond the HL-LHC phase and Model (SM), such as the masses of the top narrow-width approximations. the pipeline (CUPID). includes concepts developed for the Compact quark and W boson, are being measured The search for dark matter is on, Completing the programme of the Linear Collider (CLIC) and the Future with increasing precision. The SM is in very with WIMP direct searches maturing electroweak session was a glimpse into Circular Collider (FCC) study. The first The CERN workshop discussed new experimental technologies for the 2020s. good shape, apart from the long-standing rapidly (XENON1T) and including novel the physics of cosmic rays and gravitation. workshop took place at CERN on 16 March exception of forward–backward experiments like DARKSIDE which, with The sensitivity of AUGER is now such and more than 450 physicists and engineers Detector improvements envisioned for the on advanced materials, design tools and asymmetries. These asymmetries are also just 20 l of very pure liquid argon, presented that mapping the origin of the cosmic rays took part. 2020s and beyond include better electronic production technologies, which could change being studied at the LHC, and precise results a new best limit at low masses. This field on the sky becomes feasible. With the Beyond the HL-LHC, explained readout, modelling and simulation tools, the way we build detectors and boost their continue to be produced at the Tevatron. shows that, with ingenuity, there is still room observation of a binary neutron-star collapse organiser Christian Joram, the landscape and better computational techniques for performance. R&D into magnet design for Results on top-quark production and to have an impact. Bounds on extremely by LIGO and VIRGO, 2017 saw the birth of of experiments is only vaguely defined reconstructing the recorded information. future colliders also demands progress in properties are constantly being improved, light axion-like particles were presented by multi-messenger astronomy. and may evolve in different directions. Increased timing accuracy to mitigate superconducting materials and cables to while hadron spectroscopy is as lively as ever, ADMX for QCD axions, and for neutron On the theory side, one continues to learn Therefore, the aim is to launch an R&D event pile-up in very high-luminosity meet strict strength and cost requirements. both in the light meson sector (BESIII) and in electric dipole moments. The interplay from the abundance of experimental results, programme that concentrates on advancing environments will almost certainly impact The talks at the March workshop heavy quarks (BaBar, Belle and LHCb). Data between these dedicated experiments and the and there is still so much to be learned by the key technologies rather than developing the development of all classes of detectors, covered a variety of topics reflecting from HERA are still providing new inputs into search for directly produced dark matter at study of the Higgs and further high-energy specialised applications. whether silicon, gas or photodetectors. CERN’s diversity and strong collaboration structure functions, with c and b quarks now the LHC are highly complementary. exploration. SM computations are breaking It has been shown before that The challenges of the HL-LHC and future with commercial and academic partners being included. Heavy-ion collisions at LHC The field of neutrinos continues to offer records in terms of the numbers of loops developments in detectors for high-energy colliders also places tough requirements on worldwide. They demonstrated that and RHIC continue to explore the behaviour steady progress with new and old puzzles and legs involved. Electroweak and flavour physics also benefit many other sectors, readout electronics and fast data links, while new concepts, manufacturing tools and of the hot, dense quark–gluon plasma, being addressed. The latest results from T2K physics can indicate the way to new physics from healthcare and medical imaging to advances in data processing and storage are materials, combined with the development while proton–ion collisions at fixed-target disfavour CP-conservation at the level of two scales and extend the motivation to search industry and quality monitoring. As noted by equally important. of simulation tools and software, can open a experiments (LHCb) provide useful inputs to sigma, while NOvA disfavours the inverted for dark matter at very low energies. The case workshop co-organiser and head of CERN’s Participants also discussed the special new era in detector technologies. constrain Monte Carlo event generators. hierarchy at a similar level. A revival of to study neutrinos remains as compelling as experimental physics department Manfred facilities and infrastructures needed to A second workshop will take place this The news on the Brout–Englert–Higgs decay-at-rest techniques and the measurement ever, with many outstanding questions still Krammer, it is timely to think how industry test chips under realistic conditions – autumn to review progress. mechanism is good, with progress on many of coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus waiting for answers. can be involved in joint R&D efforts. presenting an impressive number of options ● Panos Charitos, CERN. fronts. The amount of new results presented scattering by COHERENT (CERN Courier ● Augusto Ceccucci, CERN.

38 39

Winners of the 2018 Collide awards revealed Standard Model gets annual check up at Moriond

38 39

CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 38 11/04/2018 14:20 CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 39 11/04/2018 14:21 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 8 N u m b e r 4 M a y 2 0 1 8 CERN Courier May 2018 CERN Courier May 2018 Faces & Places Faces & Places A Koufidou the importance of JUAS and ESIPAP in mix of lectures, tutorials, seminars, group Industry rises to FCC Training tomorrow’s preparing the next generation of particle- workshops, laboratory visits and practical accelerator and detector scientists, and sessions. They also include practical conductor challenge accelerator scientists assured ESI of CERN’s ongoing support. sessions at CERN and other internationally Recruitment is already underway for the renowned facilities, such as the European Superconductivity underpins large particle More than 100 people attended an event next editions of JUAS and ESIPAP, which Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble accelerators such as the LHC. It is also a key organised by the European Scientific Institute will be held at ESI from January to March and Switzerland’s Paul Scherrer Institut. enabling technology for a future circular (ESI), Archamps, on 15 February to mark 2019. Both schools propose an innovative Find out more at: esi-archamps.eu. proton–proton collider reaching energies of the 25th anniversary of the Joint Universities pedagogical approach, with an intensive ● Bob Holland, ESI. 100 TeV, as is currently being explored by The first Future Circular Collider conductor-development workshop at CERN in March. Accelerator School (JUAS) and the fifth the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study. To anniversary of its sister school, the European address the considerable challenges of this wire design suitable for industrial-scale and the event provided an environment School of Instrumentation in Particle and project, a conductor development workshop production at a considerably lower cost than in which industrial partners were free to Astroparticle Physics (ESIPAP). Among PT2026 NMR Precision Teslameter was held at CERN on 5 and 6 March to create current high-field conductors. discuss their proposed technical solutions them were current and former students of momentum for the FCC study and bring CERN is engaged in collaborative openly. In the past, most companies produced both schools, as well as PhD and technical together industrial and academic partners. conductor development activities with a a bronze-route Nb3Sn superconductor, students from CERN who had participated in The alloy niobium tin is the most number of industrial and academic partners which has no potential to reach the target JUAS or ESIPAP in recent years. Reach new heights successful practical superconductor to date, to achieve these challenging targets, and for FCC. Thanks to their commitment to and has been used in all superconducting the initial phase of the programme will last the programme, and with CERN’s support, in magnetic eld particle accelerators and detectors. But for four years. Representatives from five companies are now investing in a transition to

the higher magnetic fields required for research institutes and seven companies internal tin processes. Innovative approaches ESI-Archamps the high-luminosity LHC (11 T) and FCC from the US, Japan, Korea, Russia, China for characterising superconducting wires are measurement (16 T) call for new materials. A potential and Europe attended the March meeting to also coming out of academia. Developments superconducting technology suitable for discuss progress and opportunities. Firms include the correlation of microstructures, The Metrolab PT2026 sets a new accelerator magnets beyond fields of 10 T already producing Nb Sn superconducting compositional variations and superconducting 3 standard for precision magnetometers. is the compound niobium tin (Nb3Sn), wire for the FCC programme are Kiswire properties at TU Wien, research into which is the workhorse of the 16 T Advanced Technology (KAT); the TVEL promising internal-oxidation routes at the Leveraging 30 years of expertise building magnet-development programme at CERN. Fuel Company working with the Bochvar University of Geneva, phase transformation the world’s gold standard magnetometers, The FCC conductor programme aims Institute (JSC VNIINM); and, from Japan, studies at TU Bergakademie Freiberg it takes magnetic eld measurement to to develop Nb3Sn multi-filamentary wires Furukawa Electric and Japan Superconductor and research of novel superconductors for Frédérick Bordry, CERN director of with a critical current-density performance Technology (JASTEC), both coordinated high-fields at SPIN in Genova. accelerators and technology, marking the new heights: measuring higher elds with 2 of at least 1500 A/mm at 16 T and at a by the KEK laboratory. Columbus The FCC initiative is similar to the process 25th edition of JUAS at ESI in February. better resolution. temperature of 4.2 K. This is 30 to 50% Superconductor SpA is participating in that took place during the R&D period for higher than the conductor for the HL-LHC, the programme for other superconducting niobium titanium for the LHC. Participants Overall, more than 1000 physicists and and a significant R&D effort – including materials, while two additional companies agreed that this could result in a new class of engineers have been trained at JUAS since it The PT2026 offers unprecedented exibility fundamental research on superconductors – – Luvata and Western Superconducting high-performance Nb3Sn material suitable was founded. ESI president, Hans Hoffmann, in the choice of parameters, interfacing is needed to meet the magnet requirements Technologies (WST) – expressed their not only for accelerator magnets, but also stressed the need for international and of future higher-energy accelerators. The interest in the CERN conductor programme for other large-scale applications such as interdisciplinary collaboration in order and probe placement, as well as greatly FCC magnets will also require thousands and attended the workshop. high-field NMR and laboratory solenoids. to tackle major societal challenges, and improved tolerance of inhomogeneous of tonnes of superconductor, calling for a The early involvement of industry is crucial ● Panos Charitos, CERN. explained how this goal drives the ESI’s elds. And with Ethernet & USB interfaces thematic schools. Philippe Lebrun, former V i s i t s head of accelerator technologies at CERN and LabVIEW software, it ts perfectly into and JUAS director since 2017, reiterated J Ordan/CERN modern laboratory environments. that JUAS exists to teach “the science and technology of accelerators, which are le - Photo: Scott Maxwell, Master www.agence-arca.com J Ordan/CERN specific domains of physics and engineering J Ordan/CERN in their own right, along with their latest developments, to the designers, builders and operators of tomorrow’s machines”. These thoughts were echoed by ESIPAP director and a long-standing member of the ATLAS collaboration, Johann Collot. Citing the unprecedented international On 27 March, seven L’Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science effort under way to reconcile microscopic “international rising talents” visited CERN, following the 20th physics and modern astronomy, he told edition of the international award at a ceremony in Paris. Left Sabri Saidam, minister of education Olga Nachtmannová, state students they were lucky to be able to to right: Selene Lizbeth Fernandez Valverde from Mexico; and higher education, Palestine, secretary for Slovakia’s ministry of focus their imaginations on such a noble Pantone 286 Pantone 032 Areej Abuhammad from Jordan; Anna Kudryavtseva from came to CERN on 21 March. He education, science, research and task, “which stems from experimentation Russia; CERN Director-General Fabiola Gianotti; Ibtissem toured the ATLAS visitor centre and sport, came to CERN on 22 and 23 and whose conclusion will be revealed Guefrachi from Tunisia; Yukiko Ogawa from Japan; Danielle CERN Data Centre. March. She visited ALICE and met through experimentation”. In concluding Magnetic precision has a name www.metrolab.com Twilley from South Africa; and Hiep Nguyen from Vietnam. with the CERN-Slovak community. remarks, CERN director of accelerators and technology, Frédérick Bordry, affirmed

40 41

CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 40 11/04/2018 14:21 CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 41 11/04/2018 14:21 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 8 N u m b e r 4 M a y 2 0 1 8 CERN Courier May 2018 CERN Courier May 2018 Faces & Places Faces & Places A Koufidou the importance of JUAS and ESIPAP in mix of lectures, tutorials, seminars, group Industry rises to FCC Training tomorrow’s preparing the next generation of particle- workshops, laboratory visits and practical accelerator and detector scientists, and sessions. They also include practical conductor challenge accelerator scientists assured ESI of CERN’s ongoing support. sessions at CERN and other internationally Recruitment is already underway for the renowned facilities, such as the European Superconductivity underpins large particle More than 100 people attended an event next editions of JUAS and ESIPAP, which Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble accelerators such as the LHC. It is also a key organised by the European Scientific Institute will be held at ESI from January to March and Switzerland’s Paul Scherrer Institut. enabling technology for a future circular (ESI), Archamps, on 15 February to mark 2019. Both schools propose an innovative Find out more at: esi-archamps.eu. proton–proton collider reaching energies of the 25th anniversary of the Joint Universities pedagogical approach, with an intensive ● Bob Holland, ESI. 100 TeV, as is currently being explored by The first Future Circular Collider conductor-development workshop at CERN in March. Accelerator School (JUAS) and the fifth the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study. To anniversary of its sister school, the European address the considerable challenges of this wire design suitable for industrial-scale and the event provided an environment School of Instrumentation in Particle and project, a conductor development workshop production at a considerably lower cost than in which industrial partners were free to Astroparticle Physics (ESIPAP). Among PT2026 NMR Precision Teslameter was held at CERN on 5 and 6 March to create current high-field conductors. discuss their proposed technical solutions them were current and former students of momentum for the FCC study and bring CERN is engaged in collaborative openly. In the past, most companies produced both schools, as well as PhD and technical together industrial and academic partners. conductor development activities with a a bronze-route Nb3Sn superconductor, students from CERN who had participated in The alloy niobium tin is the most number of industrial and academic partners which has no potential to reach the target JUAS or ESIPAP in recent years. Reach new heights successful practical superconductor to date, to achieve these challenging targets, and for FCC. Thanks to their commitment to and has been used in all superconducting the initial phase of the programme will last the programme, and with CERN’s support, in magnetic eld particle accelerators and detectors. But for four years. Representatives from five companies are now investing in a transition to

40 41

O b i t u a r i e s Jon Peter Berge 1935–2017 Violette Brisson 1934–2018 Violette Brisson, a highly respected a wealth of textbook results that provides Jon Peter Berge, known as Peter to his friends In 1974 he took up a permanent position member of the French particle-physics reference proton-structure measurements and family, passed away on 14 November. at Fermilab, where he worked on the CDF community who played a leading role in for the LHC and, together with LEP and the He was born in Madison, Wisconsin, to experiment. He was highly regarded for the discovery of neutral currents, passed Tevatron, fully unveiled the mechanism of

Norwegian immigrant parents and his early his skill in writing software used to control away on 18 February at the age of 83. She École polytechnique electroweak unification first hinted at by the years were marked by the Great Depression high-energy physics experiments, including led her long career at the Laboratoire Gargamelle discovery of neutral currents. and World War II, which forced his family that which led to the discovery of the top Leprince-Ringuet (LLR) at École In the 1990s, though already well to move frequently. He went on to attend the quark in 1995. He remained at the lab until polytechnique, and the Laboratoire de advanced in her career, Violette was bold University of California, Berkeley, where his retirement in 2000. l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL) in Orsay. enough to move to a completely new domain he obtained his BA in physics (1956), MA Peter was an active fencer and competed Violette joined the LLR in 1954 as a – the quest for gravitational waves – within (1958) and his PhD (1964). in tournaments until the mid-1970s. He pioneering young woman in a domain then the French–Italian VIRGO experiment. At Berkeley, he joined the group under appreciated chess, good wine, fine dining, strongly dominated by male physicists. She again took on a major technical Nobel Prize winner Luis Alvarez at the classical music and history. He was an After a PhD devoted to measurements with component of the detector, the 3 km-long Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, where Peter Berge was a member of the CDF astounding writer of endless postcards, cosmic rays, she was invited to work on the vacuum chambers of the interferometer he participated on the development of the experiment at Fermilab. including (post-office permitting) beer first hydrogen bubble-chamber experiment arms, taking care of the design of the bubble chamber. While working there, he coasters. He had many lifelong friends and at Brookhaven’s Alternating Gradient complex ultra-high-vacuum system. met his future wife, Louise Holstein. In 1967, with John Mulvey in Oxford, and three years was known as a generous host. Synchrotron. On her return to France, she Violette played important roles in the This was a key ingredient to the Peter obtained a postdoctoral award to work later he accepted a position at CERN. ● His friends and colleagues. joined André Lagarrigue’s heavy-liquid Gargamelle, H1 and VIRGO projects. success. It is comforting that, after detector group. The highlight of the many years of constant improvements mid-1960s was the design and construction discovery published in 1973. (This saga of the interferometer, Violette was able of Gargamelle, a giant bubble chamber to and the associated controversy with the US to experience the first detection of a Daniel Boussard 1937–2018 be located on the CERN PS neutrino and competition were related with humour by gravitational wave by VIRGO. antineutrino beams. Violette’s expertise Violette during CERN’s 50th anniversary Beyond her talents as physicist, Violette The world of radio-frequency (RF) superconducting (SC) RF systems, Daniel from the US was a strong asset to the celebrations.) Afterwards, she became had a deep sense of responsibility and technology lost an outstanding inventor and was asked to lead the project to install project. She took part in the design of the interested in nucleon structure functions in outstanding organisational skills. She E Jensen E leader when Daniel Boussard passed away on the huge SC RF cavities required for the illumination system of the chamber and was several experiments with Gargamelle and took on many collective duties, including 6 January. Daniel made vast contributions to LEP energy upgrade. While the cavities responsible for the implementation at LLR the Big European Bubble Chamber. assistant management of LLR for many the design of RF systems for accelerating and themselves had to be technically robust, of the special scanning and measurement In the early 1980s, when the electron– years, the secretariat of the physics controlling particle beams. He furthered our careful design of the electronics to control devices needed to handle Gargamelle proton collider HERA entered the scene, committee of the French Science Academy, understanding in particle-beam dynamics the voltage and cope with unexpected pictures. Her parallel participation in the Violette fully engaged with this new French representation in international and in the intricacies of controlling problems (such as ponderomotive oscillation stopped-kaon experiment X2 allowed project. She played a major role in the organisations such as IUPAP, and high-intensity beams. He was a technical instabilities) was essential. The experience her group to master modern computing French contribution to HERA and to one participation on conference committees. innovator across low- and high-power and understanding gained from SC RF techniques for photo analysis. of its experiments, H1. She joined LAL in In 2003 she was nominated Chevalier de la electronics, right through to the sophisticated systems in the SPS and in LEP led to their When Gargamelle started operation in 1988 and was personally strongly involved Légion d’honneur. RF cavities required in the accelerators. selection for the LHC, and Daniel led the 1971, the focus turned to the search for in the construction of the H1 liquid-argon Violette was not only a physicist: she was Daniel started at CERN in the late 1960s, design and implementation of these highly weak neutral current (NC) events predicted calorimeter, going into every detail of its also a spouse, a mother and a faithful friend working on the PS machine, but was soon successful accelerating elements. by the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model. design and not hesitating to spend months of many around the world, including a lot recruited to design the beam control systems The tutorials and lectures given by Daniel Violette played a leading role in the within the cryostat to install the complex of colleagues. She led her life with passion, for the then new SPS accelerator. He made Daniel Boussard in March 2012. at CERN accelerator schools on beam analysis of the leptonic channel, which cabling with the technical teams. Later with a long and dense career crowned by observations of the microwave signals loading, RF noise and Schottky diagnostics turned out to be decisive: a single and by on she worked on the HERA Fabry-Pérot two major discoveries. She will remain disrupting the beams, putting forward finding solutions increased the lifetime of the have become classical references, continuing now famous leptonic event with negligible polarimeter for the high-luminosity phase. an inspiring model for all of us, and in his famous criterion for avoiding them. beams from minutes to hundreds of hours. to serve generations of scientists all over background, together with hadronic events, HERA did not find the hoped-for quark particular to young female physicists. This started a programme that continues To accelerate leptons in the SPS for the the world. He mastered the art of explaining were the basis of the ground-breaking NC substructures or leptoquarks, but delivered ● Her friends and colleagues. at CERN to this day to understand and new LEP accelerator required high RF complex issues in a simple manner. control parasitic impedances, which drive voltages. Daniel dared to consider installing, As a leader, Daniel was kind, fair and beam instabilities, and to invent methods for the first time, a superconducting cavity highly esteemed, giving clear and carefully to counteract their effect. With increasing into an environment with high-intensity thought-out decisions. The remarkable person intensity in the SPS, formerly unobserved proton beams. While helping to accelerate he was, he took good care of the people beam instabilities raised their heads. To deal the leptons to higher LEP injection entrusted to him and gave honest credit to all with this, Daniel pioneered the use of new energies, it was essential to make this cavity those working with him. His natural authority CERNCOURIER digital electronics, incorporating them in the “invisible” to the high-intensity proton derived from his human qualities and his one-turn feedback system that he invented to beams. He solved this by using sophisticated undoubted technical expertise. The destination for high-energy physics subdue the instabilities. RF feedback techniques, and the SPS He greatly loved the mountains, going on In the SPS, thoughts quickly turned subsequently happily “multi-cycled” protons long hikes both on foot and on skis. It is not news and jobs towards using the machine for the P-PBAR and leptons for the lifetime of LEP. In these surprising, knowing his CERN career, that in project. Here the problem was to understand areas, Daniel became an acknowledged his retirement in the south of France Daniel and control the noise sources inherent in the leader in the world and his ideas are essential built a guided solar-panel array and became cerncourier.com RF systems, which destroyed the circulating to all modern machines. mayor of his village, Valavoire. collaboration CMS the of benefit the for CERN, 2011 © beams. Pinpointing the critical elements and With his extensive knowledge of ● His friends and colleagues.

42 43

CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 42 11/04/2018 14:22 CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 43 11/04/2018 14:22 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 8 N u m b e r 4 M a y 2 0 1 8 CERN Courier May 2018 CERN Courier May 2018 Faces & Places Faces & Places

42 43

CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 42 11/04/2018 14:22 CCMay18_Faces&Places_v4.indd 43 11/04/2018 14:22 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 8 N u m b e r 4 M a y 2 0 1 8 CERN Courier May 2018 Bookshelf

C o m p i l e d b y V i r g i n i a g r e C o, Cern High Power for Scientific, Industrial & Custom Applications The Standard Model in a Nutshell Technology Meets Research: 60 Years of By Dave Goldberg CERN Technology, Selected Highlights By Christian Fabjan, Thomas Taylor, Daniel Treille and Bext Corporation is a California-based RF equipment Princeton University Press This book is an excellent source for those Horst Wenninger (eds.) supplier of custom RF units for industrial, scientific & interested in learning the basic features World Scientific custom applications, at any power level up to several of the Standard Model (SM) of particle This book, the 27th volume in the hundred kilowatts, frequencies from few megahertz to physics – also known as the Glashow– “Advanced Series on Directions in Weinberg–Salam (GSW) model – High Energy Physics”, presents a robust gigahertz, fixed frequency or broadband over an extremely without many technical details. It is a and accessible summary of 60 years of wide bandwidth, for pulse or CW, custom type waveforms remarkably accessible book that can technological development at CERN. and any other customer required specifications & up to be used for self learning by advanced Over this period, the foundations of today’s undergraduates and beginning graduate understanding of matter, its fundamental 100% reflected power. students. All the basic building blocks are constituents and the forces that govern its provided in a self-contained manner, so behaviour were laid and, piece by piece, that the reader can acquire a good the Standard Model of particle physics was knowledge of quantum mechanics and established. All this was possible thanks electromagnetism before reaching the to spectacular advances in the field of boundaries of the SM, which is the theory particle accelerators and detectors, which that best describes our knowledge of the are the focus of this volume. Each of fundamental interactions. the 12 chapters is built using The topics that the book deals with contributions from the physicists and include special relativity, basic quantum engineers who played key roles in this great field theory and the action principle, scientific endeavour. continuous symmetries and Noether’s After a brief historical introduction, • High Power Solid State, Liquid Cooled and Air Cooled theorem, as well as basic group theory – in the story starts with the Synchrocyclotron RF Amplifiers for Scientific Applications; particular, the groups needed in the SM: vector bosons that carry the weak force (SC), CERN’s first accelerator, which U(1), SU(2) and SU(3). It also covers the (the Ws and the Z). This is followed by allowed – among other things – innovative • High Power Solid State, Liquid Cooled and Air Cooled relativistic treatment of fermions through an analysis of electroweak unification experiments on pion decay and a RF Amplifiers for Cyclotron Applications; the Dirac equation, the quantisation of and the introduction of the weak angle, measurement of the anomalous magnetic • Custom Solid State, RF Transmitters for Military and other the electromagnetic field and a first look indicating how the electromagnetic dipole moment of the muon. While the at the theory of gauge transformations interaction sits inside the weak isospin SC was a development of techniques special Government Applications; in a familiar context. This is followed and hypercharge. Then, the author employed elsewhere, the Proton • Custom Ultra Broadband multi-port RF Combiners and by a reasonable account of quantum deals with the quark doublets and the Synchroton (PS), the second accelerator RF Accessories for Special Applications; electrodynamics (QED), the most accurate symmetry breaking pattern, using the constructed at CERN and now the Custom Solid State RF for Industrial Applications theory tested so far. The quantisation rules Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, which cornerstone of the laboratory’s accelerator • are reviewed with clarity and a number gives mass to the vector bosons and complex, was built using the new and of useful and classic computations are permits the accommodation of masses “disruptive” strong-focusing technique. presented to familiarise the reader with for the quarks and leptons. We also learn Fast extraction from the PS combined with the technical details associated with the about the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa the van der Meer focussing horn were key computation of decay rates, scattering mixing matrix, neutrino oscillations, to the success of a number of experiments amplitudes, phase-space volumes and charge and parity (CP) violation, the with bubble chambers and, in particular, propagators. The book also provides solar neutrino problem, and so on. To to the discovery of the weak neutral an elementary description of how to conclude, the author presents the SU(3) current using the large heavy-liquid bubble construct and compute Feynman rules gauge theory of the strong interactions and chamber Gargamelle. and diagrams, which are later applied to provides a description of some theories The book goes on to present the electron–electron scattering and that go beyond the SM, as well as a short technological developments that led electron–positron annihilation, and list of important open problems. All to the discovery of the Higgs boson by Typical Applications how the latter relates to Compton or this is covered in just over 250 pages: a the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at Particle Accelerator Systems and Plasma Systems; electron–photon scattering. This lays the remarkable achievement. In addition, the the LHC, and the study of heavy-quark • basic computational tools to be used later book includes many interesting and physics as a means to understand the • Magnetic resonance systems and RF therapy; in the sections about electroweak and useful computations. dynamics of flavour and the search for • Commercial and Government applications; strong interactions. This work is a very welcome addition phenomena not described by the SM. Medical Applications and Scientific Research; At this point, before starting a to the modern literature in particle physics The taut framework that the SM provides • description of the SM per se, the author and I certainly recommend it, in particular is evident in the concise reviews of the • Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratories; briefly describes the historical Fermi for self study. I hope, though, that in experimental programme of LEP: the • Synchrotron Laboratories and special projects; model and then presents the main actors. the second edition the correct Weinberg exquisitely precise measurements of the Industrial RF and custom applications. The reader is introduced to the lepton is portrayed on p184… an extremely properties of the W and Z bosons, as well • doublet (including the electron, the muon, hilarious blunder. as of the quarks and the leptons – made the tau and their neutrinos), the weak ● Luis Alvarez-Gaume, CERN and SUNY by the ALEPH, DELPHI, OPAL and L3 We are experts in RF Power into a short, open or totally mismatched load @ any angle of phase charged and neutral currents, and the (New York, US) experiments – were used to demonstrate

BEXT Inc 1045 Tenth Avenue San Diego CA 92101 USA • Tel 619 2398462 Fax 619 2398474 • www.bext.com • e-mail: [email protected] 45

CCMay18_Bookshelf_v4.indd 45 11/04/2018 14:29 CERNCOURIER www. V o l u m e 5 8 N u m b e r 4 M a y 2 0 1 8