8902 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 Mr. MICHENER. The gentleman frnm the Director of the Administrative Office of By Mr. McGEHEE: Massachusetts knows, of course, tliat the United States Courts; to the Committee H. R. 6036. A bill for the relief of Roy L. cin the Judiciary. Riales; to the Committee on Claims. some of our colleagues will observe 1078. A letter from the Secretary of Agri­ By Mr. RAMSPECK: Thanksgiving on ·a different date. The culture, transmitting a draft of a bill to H. R. 6037. A bill to provide for an appeal gentleman is going to eat turkey in his amend section 2325 of the Internal Revenue to the Supreme Court of the United States State and give thanks for many things Code relating to inspection, manufacture, from the decisions of the Court of Claims in Thursday, the 20th. Other Members storage, and marking of process or renovated two suits instituted by H. B. Nelson (doing want to give thanks and eat turkey with butter; to the Committee on Ways and business as the H. B. Nelson Construction the family at home in their States on Means. Co.); to the Committee on Claims. the 27th. Would the gentleman ask that 1079. A letter from the Secretary of the By Mr. WENE: Navy, transmitting a report of contracts H. R. 6038. A bill authorizing the President we differentiate in favor of ·his Thanks­ awarded under the act of March 5, 1940; to to present a Distinguished Service Medal to giving rather than the other Members' the Committee on Military Affairs. John F. Haller; to the Committee on Naval Thanksgiving? Or would he ask to put 1080. A letter from the Secretary of the Affairs. the consideration of the bill over for 2 or Navy, transmitting a draft of a proposed bill 3 weeks? to amend the act entitled "An act making · Mr. GIFFORD. Next Thursday is my appropriations for the naval service for the PETITIONS, ETC. President's Thanksgiving. fiscal year ending June 30, 1910, and for other Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Mr. MICHENER. The gentleman purposes," approved March 3, 1909, as and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk amended, so as to extend commissary privi­ wants to give thanks on November 20 leges to such other persons as may be spe­ and referred as follows: rather than on November 27? cifically authorized by the Secretary of the 2048. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Mr. GIFFORD. That is our Presi­ Navy; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. American Welfare League, Lopal 5, urging ~he dent's Thanksgiving. passage of House bUl 1410; to the Committee on Ways and Means. SENATE BILL REFERRED PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 2049. Also, petition of the Dorcas Society, ' A bill of the Senate of the following Grace Lutheran Church, Osage City, Kans., title was taken from the Speaker's table ·Under clause 3 of rule XXI, public bills petitioning consideration of ·their resolution and, under the rule, referred as follows: and-resolutions were .intr.oduced and sev­ With reference to House bill 1410; to the erally referred as follows: - Committee on Ways and Means. _ S. 1916. An act to authorize the convey­ 2050. Also, petition of the Osage City Lodge, ance of the old Coast Guard station building By Mr. DOUGLAS: H. R. 6024 (by request) . A bill providing for No. 82, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, at Two Rivers, Wis., to the Eleven Gold St~r Osage City, ·Kans., petitioning consideration Post, No. 1284, Veterans of Foreign Wars, 'J;'wo the incorporation ·at the Veterans of Selective Service; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of their resolution with reference to House Rivers, Wis.; to the Committee on the Mer­ bill 1410; to the Committee on Ways and chant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN: H. R. 6025. A bill to amend sectioP 2800 of Means. · · ADJOURNMENT the Internal Revenue Code; to the Committee ' 2051. Also, petition of the Colllngswood Assembly, No. 50, A. 0. M. P., Collingswood, I on Ways and Means. . Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, By l' -r. BRADLEY of Michigan: N. J., petitioning consideration of their reso­ move that the House do now adjourn. H. R. 6026·. A bill providing for a prelimi­ lution with reference to House bill 1410; to The motion was agreed to; accordingly nary examination and survey' of St. Marys the Committee on WafS and Means. (at 12 o'clock and 53 minutes p. m.) the River at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.; to the Com- House, .. p~rsuant to its previous order, mittee on Rivers and Harbors. · adjourned until Monday, November 17, By Mr. GELLER: 1941, at 12 o'clock noon. H. R. 6027. A bill. to incorporate the Ameri­ can National Institute (Prix de Paris) at SENATE COMMITTEE HEARINGS Paris, France; to the Committee on the Judi­ ciary. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1941 COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN By Mr. FULMER: The Chaplain, Rev. Phil.. COMMERCE H. R. 6028. A bill .k authorize the transfer Z~Barney T. lips, D. D., offered tP.e folloWing prayer: There will be a meeting of the Com­ of the custody of a portion of the Croatan mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ National Forest, N. c., from the Departme··t Almighty and most merciful Father; merce at 10 a.m. Monday, November 17, of Agriculture to the Department of the Navy; · from whose · ways we have erred and to the Committee l 1 Agriculture. 1941, to continue bearings on proposed By Mr. KNUTSON: strayed as we have followed the devices amendments to Securities Act, 1933, and H. R. 6029. A bill to amend section 2800 of and desires of our own hearts: Stoop Stock Exchange Act, 1934. the Internal Revenue Code; to the Committee Thou to our weakness and by the cords • · , ' co-MMl~EE ·oN AGRICULTURE .on Ways and Means. of love draw us ever closer to '}:by By Mr. KUNKEL: . -mercy's breast ere the stress of another The Committee on Agriculture will H. R. 6030. A bill to amend the act entitled have open ·bearings on Monday, No­ day confronts us with its tumults and. its "An act to provide books for the adult blind," cares. vember 17, 1941, at 10 a. m., to consider approved I/Iarch 3, 1931, in order to provide the 4-H Club and Rural Youth Act, for the publication of a magazine in braille Restore to us a joyful sense of all our H. R. 4530. for the deaf-blind; to the Committee on the blessings, and grant that we may have a COMM1TTEE. ON INVALID PENSIONS Library. · spirit of perpetual contentment under Thine allotments. Give grace and poise The Committee on Invalid Pensions to our thoughts and to the utterances of will hold pubiic hearings in room 247, PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS our lips; preserve us from all dejection House Office Buildin'g, Tuesday, ·Novem­ Under clause 1 of rule ·XXII, private · and despondency, and may we never ber 18, 1941, at 10:30 e. m., on H. R. .bills and resolutions were introduced and · yield to the prophecies of despair. 6009, entitled "A bill. to provide pensions severally referred· as follows: at wartime rates for officers and en­ Keep Thou Thy hand upon us, guiding listed men of the Army, Navy, Marine By Mr. BUCKLEY of New York: the issues of this day, that our quick de· Corps, and Coast Guard disabled in line H. R. 6031. A bill for the relief of Morris cisions, our sudden purposes may bear 1>f duty as a direct result of armed con­ Spitz; to the Committee on Claims. the imprint of Thy will, and reflect Thy flict, while engaged in extra-hazardous By Mr. D'ALESANDRO: glory, to · the uplift of our beloved service or while the United States is en­ H. R. 6032. A bill granting a pension to Lucy country. Pierce; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. So teach us, dear Lord, to love Thee gaged in war, 11-nd for the dependents of By Mr. GOSSETT: those who die from such cause, and for H. R. 6033. A bill for the relief of William as Thine angels love, that we may check other purposes.'' Tipton, Mrs. William Tipton, and Mrs. Eula each rising doubt, each rebel sigh, and Nelson; to the Committee on Claims. find .Thy presence beautiful as opal dawn ]j:XECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. ·By Mr. GERLACH: as it rends for us this veil of clay. We H. R. 6034. A bill granting an increase of ask it in our Saviour's name and for His Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ pension to John W. Jones; to the Committee sake. Amen. tive communications were taken from the on Pensions. THE JOURNAL Speaker's table and referred as follows: By Mr. KLEIN: 1077. A letter from the Director, Adminis- H. R. 6035. A bill for the relief of Bertha On request of Mr. CONNALLY, and by trative Office of the United States Courts, Fisher; to the Committee on Immigration unanimous consent, the reading of the transmitting the Second Annual Report of ' and Naturalization. Journal of the proceedings of Thursday1 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8903 November 13, 1941, was dispensed with H. R. 2462. An act for the relief of Willlam H. R. 4904. An act to authorize transporta­ and the Journal was approved. Schoeb; tion of employees of the United States on H. R. 2463. An act for the relief of the. heirs vessels of the Army transport ·service; MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT of Donald Crump and Mrs. John N. Crump H. R. 4912. An act to extend the times for Messages in writing from the President and for the relief of Emma Jane Crump and commencing and completing the construc­ Mildred Lounedah Crump; tion of a bridge across the Mississippi River of the United States were communicated H. R. 2546. An act for the relief of the at or near Memphis, Tenn.; to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his estate of Max Adams Shepard; H. R. 4961. An act to amend section 9 (b) secretaries. H. R: 2596. An act to repeal· the prohibition of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, as MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE against the filling of a vacancy in the omce amended by section 14 of the act of August of district judge for the district of Massa­ 31, 1935; A message from the House of Repre­ chusetts; H. R. 4964. An act for the relief of Elsie sentatives, by Mr. Swanson, one of its H. R. 2717. An act for the relief of Mrs. Hugaboom; clerks, announced that the House had Lucille Peschke; H. R. 4994. An act granting the consent of passed without amendment the bill - to authorize the incorporated city American Line, Inc., of New York City, N. Y.; vania to construct, maintain, and operate a H. R. 2962. An act for the relief of John C. free highway bridge across the Susquehanna of Ketchikan, Alaska, to undertake cer­ Martin; River at Bridge Street in Plymouth Borough, tain publlc works and for such purpose H. R. 3003. An act for the relief of Lueberta between Plymouth and Hanover Townships. to issue bonds in a sum not exceeding Wilson; · in the county of Luzerne, and in the Com­ $250,000. . H. R. 3086. An act for the relief of Harold monwealth of Pennsylvania; The message also announced that the E . Marquis; . H. R. 5021. An act for the relief of Capt. House had agreed to the amendments of H. R. 3174. An act for the reltef of H. L. Alex Papana; · the Senate to the joint resolution wer the Legisla­ H. R. 3182. An act to provide for the altera­ ture of the Territory of Hawaii to authorize Res. 237> to ·repeal section 6 of the Neu­ tion, reconstruction, or relocation of certain the county of Kauai to issue improvement trality Act of 1939, and for other pur­ highway and railroad bridges by the Ten­ bonds; poses. nessee Valley Authority; H. R. 5077. An act to approve Act No. 112 of . The message further announced that H. R. 3194. An act for the relief of Augusta the Session Laws of 1941 of the Territory of· the House had agreed to House Concur-. Brassil; Hawaii, entitled "An act to amend Act 101 rent Resolution 57,-in which it requested · H. R. 3315. An act for the relief of Tibor of the Session Laws of Hawaii, 1921, relating the concurren~ of-the Senate, as follows: Hoffmann and Magda Hoffmann; to the manufacture, maintenance, distribu­ H. R. 3499. An act for the relief of Frank E. tion, and supply of electric current for light Resolved. by the House of Representatives Day; and power within the districts of North and (the 'Senate concurring), Tluit, 1n accordance . H. R. 3500. An act !or the relief of J. R. f;;outh Hila. and Puna, in· the county of with paragraph 3 of section 2 of the 'Printing Giles; Hawail, so as to extend the franchise to the Act, approved ·March 1, 1907, the· committee H. R. 3643. An · act for the rellef of Kehl districts of Kau and South Kohala, in said on Banking and Currency of· the House of Markley, Jr.; county,- and extend the ·term thereof as to Representatives is authorized and empowered H. R. 3731. An : ct tor the relief of Ray­ the town of Hila"; to have printed for its use 5,000 additic;mal mond J. McMahon; H. R. 5079. An act to authorize the Tr~as­ copies of the hearings held before such com­ H. R. 3872. , An act for the relief of Towne urer of the United States to make settle­ mittee during the current session, on the bill school district · ~o. 6, fractional Monroe ments· with payees of lost or stolen checks, (H. R. 5479) to further the national defen·se Township, Newaygo county, Mich.; which have been paid on forged endorse­ and security by checking speculative and ex­ H. R. 4061. An act for the relief of Louise L. ments, in· advance of reclamation, and ·tor cessive price rises, price dislocations.. and in­ Kapfer; . . other purposes; flationary tendencies, ·and for other purposes. H. R. 4062. An act for the relief of Alta H. R. 5120. An act to authorize the· Secre­ ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION Ledgerwood; tary of the. Treasury to dispose of the remain­ SIGNED. H. R. 4116. An act for the reli.ef of James ing por.tion of the Grosse Point Lighthouse A. Sweeney; . Reservation by deed to the city of Evans­ The message also announced that the H. R. 4117. An act for the relief of W. L. B. ton, Ill.; Speaker had affixed his signature to the Van Dyke; H. R. 5128. An act to extend the times for following enrolled bills and joint resolu­ H. R. 4226. An act to provide for the con­ commencing and ·completing the cons'truc­ tion, and they were signed by the Vice struction of a COast Guard cutter designed tion by Alabama Bridge Commission, an tor ice breaking and assiStance work on the agency of the State of Alabama, of a toll President: Great Lakes; bridge and causeway between Dauphin Island H. R. 247. An act for the relief of Lena B. H. R. 4245. An act for the relief of the Law­ and the mainland at or near Cedar Point, Crouch; son Coffee Co., Inc.; within the State of Alabama; H. R. 413. An act for the relief of Arma Lee H. R. 4246. An act for the relief of Eliza­ H. R. 5203. An act to extend the provisions Hogan; beth Ayers; of the act of February 24, 1933, and of the · H. R. 586. An act to authorize maintenance H. R. 4381. An act to repeal the act entitled act of June 29, 1940_, to proceedings to punish and use of a ·Janking house upon the United "An act to authorize the construction of for criminal contempt of court; States mi11tary reservation at Hickam Field, bridges across a portion of the Minnesota ·H. R. 5356. An act to constitute an Afmy Oahu, Hawaii; River in the State of Minnesota," approved Chaplains' Corps with a brigadier general as H. R. 588. An act to authorize an appropri­ March 15, 1904; chief; ation for the purpose of establishing a na­ H. R. 4415. An act for the relief of the H. R. 5374. An act to authorize the trans­ tional cemetery at Honolulu, T; H.; Macon County Oll Co.; portation · of employees of the Alaska Road H. R. 666. An act for the relief of Frank H. R. 4437. An act for the relief of Albert Commission, and to validate payments made Kassner; DeMatteis; for that and other purposes; ' H. R. 733. An act for the relief of Ryoichi H. R. 4503. An act !or the rellef of Hattie H. R. 5498. An act for the reHef of Lillian Sumida; Dillon; Korkemas and Rose Grazioli; · H. R. 734. An act for the relief of Kula H. R. 4561. An act for the rellef of Mrs. H. R. 5556. An act granting the consent of sa.natorium; ' Della Thompson; . Congress to the State of Minnesota arid the H. R. 1106. An act to authorize the Secre­ _H. R.4570. An act' for the relief of Regis city of Minneapolis to construct, maintain, tary of War to grant a right-of-way to Grand Moxley and Frances Moxley; and operate a free highway bridge across the Trunk Western Railroad Co. across the Kala­ H. R. 4587. An act for the relief of Ray C. Mississippi River at or near Minneapolis, mazoo National Guard Target Range, Mich:: McMillen; Minn.; H. R. 1542. An act for the relief ·of Adolf H. R. 4777. An act for the relief of Alexan­ H. R. 5557. An act authorizing the State of Leon and his wife Felicia; der Kehaya; Indiana to construct, maintaln, and operate H. R. 1700. An act for the relief of Anna H. R. 4778. An act for the relief of Delbert a free highway bridge across the Wabash and Fred Aebi; E. Libbey; River at or near Montezuma, Ind.; H. R. 1854. An act f..~r the relief of Walter · H. R. 4791. An act to reimburse the city of H. R. &594. An act for the relief of the Kulp M. Ziegler; McMinnvtlle, Oreg., for damages assessed to Lumber Co.: H. R. 2208. An act for the relief of Lloyd it by the United States for innocent trespass H. R. 5600. An act to provide for payments Bryant; . . upon land belonging to the United States; in advance to enlisted men of monetary al­ H. R. 2378. An 'act for the relief rf Arthur H. R. 4803. An act for the relief of certain lowance in lieu of quarters and subsistence G. Moyer; personnel of the Army on account of loss of under certain conditions; H. R. 2379. An act for the relief of Mary, personal property as a result of a fire on April H. R. 5653. An act to extend, under certain Ethel, and Richard Farrell; 11, 1940, at Fort Benning, Ga.: conditions, the time .for examination .of c -H. R. 2459. An act for the relief of Arnold - H. R. 4879. An act for the relief of J. A. monthly .accounts ,covering expenditures .by H. Sommer; -- - · -· Sandell and Frances Sandell; disbursing offi.cers of the Army after the date '8904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17

. of actual receipt by bureaus and offices of the ACCEPTANCE OF DECORATIONS BY SURGEON GEN­ ing contained in this article shall affect the War Department, and before transmitting the ERAL OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH power of the United States after said date to same to the General Accounting Office; SERVICE AND OTHER MEDICAL OFFICERS collect any tax on incomes for any period H. R. 5708. An act to amend the District of A letter from the Administrator of the Fed­ ending on or prior to said 31st day of De­ Columbia Unemployment Compensation Act; eral Security Agency, transmitting a draft of cember laid in accordance with the terms of H. R. 5750. An act authorizing the procure­ proposed legislation granting permission to any law then in effect. ment and issue of an Army of Occupation of Thomas Farran, Surgeon General of the " 'SEc. 6. Section 3 shall take effect at mid­ Germany Medal for each person who served United States Public Health Service; Bolivar night on the last day of the sixth month fol­ in Germany or Austria-Hungary during the J. Lloyd, medical director (retired}, United lowing the ratification of this article. Noth­ period of occupation; States Pubic Health Service; Howard F. Smith, ing contained in this article shall affect the H. R . 5783. An act to authorize the con­ medical director, United States Public Health power of the United States to collect any tax struction or acquisition of certain naval local Service; Herbert A. Spencer, medical director, on any devolution or transfer occurring prior defense vessels, and for other purposes; and United States Public Health Service; and Gil­ to the taking effect of section 3, laid in ac­ H. J. Res. 237. Joint resolution to repeal bert L. Dunnahoo, surgeon, United states cordance with the terms of any law then in sections 2, 3, and 6 of the Neutrality Act of Public Health Service, to accept and wear cer­ effect'; and be it further 1939, and for other purposes. tain decorations bestowed upon them by the "Resolved, That the Congress of the United States be, and it hereby ls, requested to pro­ ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO Governments of France, Cuba, Chile, Finland, and Luang-Prabang (with an accompanying vide as the mode of ratification that said WEDNESDAY paper); to the Committee on Foreign Rela­ amendment shall be valid to all intents and tions. purposes, as part of the Constitution of the Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I ask United States, when ratified by the legisla­ unanimous consent that when the Sen­ REPORT OF DIRECTOR OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE tures of three-fourths of the several States; ate concludes its business today it stand OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES COURTS and be it further in adjournment•until Wednesday next at A letter from the Director of the AdminiS­ "Resolved, That the secretary of state of 12 o'clock noon. trative Office of the United States Courts, Michigan be, and he hereby IS, directed to The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ transmitting, pursuant to law, his second an­ send a duly certified copy of this resolution nual report as director; to the Committee to the Senate of the United States and one jection? The Chair hears none, and it on the Judiciary. to the House of Representatives in the Con­ is so ordered. gress of the United States." PETITIONS AND MEMORIAL A petition of sundry members of the staff FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF PRESIDENT of the University of Southern California, Los OF THE PHILIPPINES (H. DOC. NO. 440} Petitions, etc., were laid before the Senate, or presented, and referred as Angeles, Calif., praying that Congress ·pass a The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the indicated: resolution declaring its readiness to support Senate a message from the President of all necessary measures for the defeat of Hit­ By the VICE PRESIDENT: lerism; to the Committee on Foreign the United States, which was read and A concurrent resolution of the Legislature Relations. referred to the Committee on Territories of the State of Michigan; to the Committee A petition of sundry citizens of Onondaga and Insular At! airs, as follows: on Finance: County, N.Y., mostly members of the faculty To the Congress of the United States: S€nate Concurrent Resolution 20 of Syracuse University, praying for an imme­ diate declaration of war against the Govern­ As required by paragraph (3) of sec­ Concurrent resolution proposing an amend­ ment to the Constitution of the United ments of Germany and Italy; to the Com­ tion 7 of the act of Congress approved States relative to taxes on incomes, in­ mittee on Foreign Relations. March 24, 1934, entitled "An act to pro­ heritance, and gifts The memorial of Frank P. Mitten, of Red­ vide for the complete independence of lands, Calif., remonstrating against modifi­ "Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ cation of the Neutrality Act; to the table. the Philippine Islands, to provide for the resentatives of the State of Michigan, That adoption of a constitution and a form of application be, and it hereby is, made to the By Mr. CAPPER: . government for the Philippine Islands, Congress of the United States of America to A resolution adopted by General Welfare call a convention for the purpose of proposing Center No. 89, Crawford County, Girard, and for other purposes," I transmit here­ Kans,. favoring the enactment of House bill with, for the information of the Con­ the following article as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States: 1410, the so-called General Welfare Act gress, the Fifth Annual Report of the granting old-age assistance; to the Commit­ President of the Philippines to the Presi­ "'ARTICLE- tee on Finance. dent and the Congress of the United " 'SECTION 1. The sixteenth article of REPORTS OF A COMMITTEE States, covering the period July 1, 1939, amendment to the Constitution of the United to June 30, 1940. States is hereby repealed. The following reports of the Commit­ " 'SEc. 2. The Congress shall have power to tee on 1\filitary A1Iairs were submitted: FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. lay and collect taxes on incomes, from what­ THE WmTE HousE, ever source derived, without apportionment By Mr. THOMAS of Utah: November 17, 1941. among the several States, and without regard S. 2026. A bill to provide for the posthu­ mous appointment to commissioned grade of away from their home RECORD. I ask unanimous consent that my statement, when made, may appear In 1939 the act was amended in certain farms, and for other purposes, was read minor respects to clarify certain ambi­ twice by its title and referred to the in the RECORD at this point. guities therein. Committee on Education and Labor. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ The statement above referred to, is as jection, it is so ordered. B. REASON FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF THE follows: Mr. McKELLAR subsequently said: PRESENT AMENDMENTS [Statement relating to the child-labor amend­ Mr. President, earlier in the day I intro­ In the 4 years since the passage of the ment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, duced a bill to amend the act entitled original act, the state C·f the world has introduced by Mr. THOMAS of Utah (for "An a.ct to .require the registration of changed enormously. The outbreak of Mr. LA FoLLETTE) Monday, November 17, certain persons employed by agencies to the military conflict that even now 1941.] disseminate propaganda in the United threatens to spread to o'..l:r shores has in­ The proposed bill is designed tci amend States, and for other purposes," approved tensified the efforts of the foreign prop­ the Fair Labor Standards Act, so as to give June 8, 1938, as amended. agandists-the agents of foreign govern- 1941 ;CONG-RESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8907 ments who would disunite'us, subvert our Fauth. The enforcement provisions of Fourth. The sections designed to democracy, or influence our foreign pol­ the act are strengthened and clarified strengthen and clarify the enforcement icy to serve the purposes of some country through various .technical changes in provisions include an increase in the pen­ other than our own. · language. alties for violation, the subjection of The attempts by foreign agents at the D. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE CHANGES aliens convicted of violation to liability systematic manipulation ·of mass atti­ First. The requirement that all politi­ for deportation, and the creation of tudes on national and international cal propaganda be conspicuously labeled specific liability for officers of corporate questions have increased tremendously. with full information will carry directly agents. The operation of the Foreign Agents to every recipient the vital information These changes have been dictated by Registration Act in forcing disclosure he needs properly to appraise such ma­ actual experience and by the difficulties from and in turning the spotlight of piti­ terial. which have arisen in specific cases. They, less publicity on such persons has proved This is of major importance in view of too, grow out of actual need. its utility. It has undoubtedly had a de­ the anonymously sent propaganda which E. CONCLUSION terrent effect upon the spread of perni­ continually floods the country. As These are the major changes which the cious propaganda. Several successful Members of Congress you have undoubt­ amendments I have introduced would prosecutions have been brought under edly received quantities of it yourselves. make in the present Foreign Agents the act for failure to register, or false Some of it has gone to your constituents Registration Act. The act as amended is registration, including the Auhagen case . and many have sent on to you the copies not greatly longer than the present act and the Transocean Press Service case. they have received, so that you are fully together with its regulations. It will be ·The trial of George Sylvester Viereck, aware of the problem. The mother of a seen on examination that much of its with which you .are all no doubt familiar, sailor who died on the U. S. S. Kearny length is due to the specification and par­ is now pending. ' knows the problem. ticularization of matters implicit in the Nevertheless, the experience gained in This requirement of labeling is part of present statute or of others now the sub­ the administration and enforcement of ject of regulations. this law has shown the rieed for amend­ the spotlight of pitiless publicity. It is not enough that information on a foreign This act is not censorship. It is not ing it in several important respects-to suppression. There is not restriction on require political propaganda to give on agent has been filed in some governmental department if the persons who are the freedom of speech or press. It is the way its face information concerning its dis­ recipients of the propaganda effort are of democracy and not of dictatorship. seminators, to strengthen and clarify the Most Americans believe that all per­ enforcement provisions, to tighten the not made aware of the vital information. This provision is designed to correct that. sons, however disagreeable their opinions application of the act to certain groups may be, have the right to speak their of agents, and generally to make such Real disclosure is often n, greater de­ minds. But it is contrary to our spirit other changes as will make the funda- . terrent to the spread of pernicious propa­ of fair play for anyone to pretend to be mental intention and purpose of the Con­ ganda than prosecution. Persons and disinterested or to speak as an individual, gress in originally enacting it more organizations spreading antidemocratic and yet really to represent an ulterior in­ clearly apply to present conditions. propaganda cannot operate successfully if terest. We believe that, to judge the va­ It cannot be emphasized too strongly their true interests and purposes are known. lidity of anyone's arguments, we have that these amendments do not change the right to know for whom he speaks. the fundamental approach of the. stat­ This provision, incidentally, is designed This is what the amendments to the act ute-which is one, not of suppression or to accomplish the same purpose as the are designed to accomplish, both through of censorship, but of disclosure-of pub­ bill recently introduced by th'e gentleman compliance with its provisions and licizing the activities of foreign agents from Wisconsin, Senator WILEY. This through the value of prosecutions un­ and the source and control of the propa­ bill, S. 313, is now before the Senate Com­ der it. ganda they disseminate within this mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. It is the intent of the act to bri:ijg all country. It is also to be noted that only such foreign political' propaganda out into the C. THE MAJOR CHANGES PROPOSED persons aS are required to register. must open. These amendments may cover Nor do these amendments propose any label their material. propaganda that is in no sense antidem­ change in the scheme of administration Second. The administration of the act ocratic, and that, if openly presented, of the present act. Neither are they de­ is transferred to the Department of Jus­ should be given a full anc1 fair hearing signed substantially to broaden its_ cover­ tice. The administration, as well as the by the American people. age to include new classes of persons who enforcement, (;f the so-called Voorhis The amendments were evolved with are not now required to register. Act, which requires disclosure of the ac­ the full cooperation and concurrence of First. Perhaps the most important tivities of certain organizations, has al­ all the interested departments which are change is the · addition of a provision ready been placed within the Department in agreement that the 1938 act should be which requires the labeling of all political of Justice. These two statutes parallel revised in the light of experience gained propaganda by those foreign agents who each other closely in seeking to secure in administering and enforcing it to date. are required to register under the act. disclosure by registration from those who, I hope that this statute may be ac­ Under the amendment they must make under foreign control, act to influence the corded prompt consideration and early plain on every piece of political propa­ public. Therefore, there is considerable passage by this body. ganda which they transmit in the mails advantage in placing in the same hands PRINTING OF MANUSCRIPT ENTITLED or in interstate commerce, the fact that the administration of both acts. The "STRIKES IN DEFENSE INDUSTRIES" it is sent by a registered foreign agent, , experience and information secured his name and address, and the fact that under the operation of one statute can Mr. THOMAS of Utah submitted the his registration statement, as well as supplement and furnish valuable infor­ following resolution (S. Res. 196), which mation in the administration and opera­ was referred to the Committee on copies of his political propaganda, are on Printing: file for public inspection, tion of the other and there can be an Second. The administration of the economical elimination of duplicating Resolved, That the manuscript entitled personnel. I understand that this meets "Strikes in Defense Industries," supplemen­ act is transferred from the Department tary information to .accompany Senate Docu­ of State where it has been lodged since . with the approval of the interested de­ ment No. 52 (77th Cong., 1st sess.), being a the original act was passed to the De­ ,partments and is in line with their recom- statement showing certain basic data for the partment of Justice, and all registrants mendations. formulation of a policy toward strikes in de­ are required to file copies of all political Third. The provision which includes fense industries, etc., be printed as a docu­ propaganda distributed by them with foreign agents using the United States as ment. the Department of Justice and with the a base of operations for propaganda ac­ ADDRESS BY SENATOR AUSTIN AT UNITE Library of Congress. tivities in Central and south America .FOR FREEDOM RALLY Third. The application of the statute puts into effect recommendations ap­ [Mr. AUSTIN asked and obtained leave to is extended to include the use of the proved by the Ur...ited States and 20 other have printed in the RECORD an address de­ United States by foreign agents as a American republics at the Pan-American livered by him on Freedom Day, November 16, base for propaganda activities in Cen­ Conference held in Habana, Cuba, in 1941, under the auspices of the Washington tral and South America. 1940. chapter, Committee to Defend America:, 1n 8908 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 the Unite for Freedom rally, which appears Mr. McFARLAND. I desire to ask the the purposes of the bill. But I submit in the Appendix.] Senator a question regarding the matter that the 0. P. M. cannot do that. Mr. ADDRESS BY SENATOR BURTON BEFORE we were discussing a few moments ago Knudsen cannot do it, and Mr. Nelson OHIO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE when the point of order was made. Does cannot do it, because each of these gen­ not the Senator think that if a reason­ tlemen, and properly so, is concentrated [Mr. BURTON asked and Cibtained leave to have printed in the RECORD an address en­ able price were paid for copper, it would primarily upon managing the defense titled "America Looks Ahead-We Have No encourage private industry to develop effort. They will necessarily and always Time or Money to Waste," delivered by him more copper in the United States? render a judgment, when there is any at the annual meeting of the Ohio Chamber Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I doubt, against civilian supply. of Commerce, at Toledo, Ohio, on November have no doubt that would be the result. Mr. President, I am sure it was not 14, 1941, which appears 1n the Appendix.] Of course the Office of Price Administra­ the intention of the Congress, when the ARMISTICE DAY ADDRESS BY REPRE- tion is endeavoring to control the prices priority system was developed, that such SENTATIVE PLUMLEY, OF VERMONT of ali materials, including the· prices of a condition should result. metals; but it seems to me to be clear that Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the [Mr. AUSTIN asked 'and obtained leave to have printed in the Appendix an Armist ice when the item to be produced is of such Senator yield to me? Day address delivered by Representative significance and importance to the coun­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. PLUMLEY, of Vermont, in Burlington, Vt., and try that the producers of both military Mr. HATCH. I dislike to interrupt the published in the Burlington Daily News of and civilian goods need it, it would be Senator, but it happens that I have an November 11 , 1941, which appears in the much more sensible and much cheaper in engagement which I must keep in just Appendix.] the long run for the country to develop a. few minutes, and I have a report ~rom ARMISTICE DAY ADDRESS BY THE SEC- its own resources, even though they be the Truman committee concerning little RETARY OF THE NAVY ~ low-grade, by increasing the price of the business, in which I am sure the Senator [Mr. GREEN asked and obtained 'leave to product, rather than suppress production is quite interested, and I should like to have printed in the RECORD an address de­ of both the raw material and the com­ have the Senator yield for the purpose of livered by Hon. Frank Knox, Secretary of the modities the population demands. permitting me to submit the report, -and Navy, before the Providence Chamber of If the price of copper is not stimu­ also make some remarks in connection Commerce at Providem.:e, R. I., on Armistice lated, the result will be, in my opinion, therewith. Day, November 11, 1941, which appears in lhe from :what I have seen, that the produc­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Will the Senator Appendix.] tion of copper in the United States will indicate how long it would take? ALLOCATIONS AND PRIORITIES AFFECT­ -tend to be reduced, because the costs of Mr. HATCH. It will probably take 10 ING BUSINESS ENTERPRISES producing are increasing. minutes. ' The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair Mr. McFARLAND. Mr: President, will Mr. O'MAHONEY. The rules have lays before the Senate a resolution com­ the Senator yield further? . been enforced pretty strictly recently. If ing over from a previous day, which will Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. I yield for more than a question, I yield be stated. · Mr. McFARLAND. The observation the fioor, under the strict interpretation just made by the Senator was one which I of the rule. Is it essential that the Sena­ The 1egislative clerk read Senate Reso­ desired to submit, that the price of copper tor should proceed at this time? lution 195, submitted. by Mr. O'MAHONEY was fixed at 12 cents when the prices Mr. HATCH. My time is very lim­ on November 13, 1941, as follows: of the products used in the mines were ited, and I did want to get the report in Resolved, That the Office of Propuction at a much .lower level than at present, today. Management is hereby requested to submit that the cost of everything the miner Mr. O'MAHONEY. I assume that I a report to the Senate as soon as practicable can probably get·the fioor at the conclu­ with respect to ( 1) the general policy which has to buy has increased, but the price has been established for the Office of Produc­ of copper has not been increased. We sion of the Senator's remarks. tion Management in connection with the have tried to submit figures to Mr. Hen­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Under the administration of section 2· of the act of June derson showing that the production of terms of the rule governing debate in 28, 1940, as amended (relating to assignment copper would be increased if the price of the Senate, the Senator will have no dif­ .of priorities), (2) the methods and plans copper were increased, and I expect to ficulty in getting the fioor . which have been adopted or are contemplated submit to the Senate some figures upon Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield to the for the allocation or distribution of materials Senator. to which priorities have been assigned pur­ this matter a little later: suant to such section 2 under contract ar­ I merely wanted to make the observa­ PRIORITIES AND UTILIZATION OF EXISTING MANU• rangements or otherwise, and ·(3) the pro­ tion at this time that we. have asked that FACTURING FACILITIES, PART 3-REPORT NO. 4~0 gram which has been formulated or is being the price of copper be fixed at a mini­ Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, in behalf followed by the Ofilce of Production Manage­ mum of 14 cents. However, a higher of the Special Committee to Investigate ment for the purpose of protecting to the f~ll- . price would be more equitable. I do not Contracts under the National-Defense est practicable extent the various business know how Mr. Henderson or anyone else Program, I desire to submit a report con­ enterprises the operations of which are inter­ rupted or interfered with because of a short­ can expect us to vote for a price-fixing cerning priorities and the utilization of age of materials to which such priorities ap­ bill when he is unwilling to fix reason­ existing manufacturing facilities. Be­ ply, and for relieving the hardships caused to able prices on the products of our State. fore I make the request for permission to small business enterprises by the application Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. ·President, the submit the report, I wish to make some of a priorities or allocation system to ma­ question which has been raised by the remarks in connection with it. terials deemed to be essential for national­ Senator from Arizona, I think, goes to Mr. President, the American little busi­ defense purposes. the very heart of the problem which is, nel)s man of today is in very serious diffi­ Resolved further, That upon the receipt of presented to this country-namely, culties. He lacks materials for civilan such report the Secretary of the Senate is whether or not we can successfully ad­ hereby directed to transmit a copy thereof business, and he has not been able to to the Clerk of the House of RepreS"entatives. minister all industry from central bu­ get defense business. However, I am reaus in Washington, or whether, while glad ,to report that the Senate National The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques­ we are engaged in what is admittedly a Defense Committee, of which I am a tion is on agreeing to the resolution. most important effort to preserve the member, has found encouraging- evidence CIVILIAN BUSINESS IN THE EMERGENCY democratic principle, we should permit that basic action to correct these difficul­ the free-enterprise system to be crushed. ties is being seriously conside:-:ed. The Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, the Some months ago the Senator from committee has prepared a report on this · resolution which is now pending before Connecticut [Mr. MALONEY] introduced subject, which I shall presently submit. the Senate is one of such importance that a bill a lot of the saving for himself. should like to call to the attention of ·resolution just will not reach; because the Senator from Wyoming the fact that inevitably, in order to meet defense With that, Mr. President, I also agree, .the Vice President, speaking last Wednes­ needs, these materials will not be avail­ but I am confident that the 0. P.M. and day evening before the American Acad- able to small business. the S. P. A. B. should not erect any bar­ emy of Political Science, told us things­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I riers in his path while he is trying to as the Senator surely would know, i::C the believe the resolution will reach these save himself, and no priority rule. no Senator heard his radio address-- questions. In any event, I propose to do system of rationing should be under­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I was not so for­ what I can upon the floor of the Senate taken unless it is absolutely clear that tunate. to make certain that if an answer is not without such rationing, without such de­ Mr. DANAHER. He told us things forthcoming from 0. P. M., the country privation, the very life of the Nation is which so completely militate against shall know about it. in danger. But, Mr. President, is it in what the Senator from Wyoming argues THE PROPHECY OF DONALD NELSON danger? The fact of the matter is that, although the Congress has appropriated for that I should like to call the subject Now I wish to refer again to the sig­ matter of the address to the Senator's more than $55,000,000,000 in one form ·nificance of the address of Mr. Nelson in or another for the· production of these attention, with his permission: Boston on November 13. After referring To tal;te care. of British, Russian, Chinese, materials, only about $37,000,000,000 of ·to the fact that civilian activities cannot contracts have been made, and to this and Latin American needs, as well as our possible expect to operate in any manner own defense machine, requires vast quanti­ hour less than $11,000,000,000 of those ties of copper, aluminum, steel, zinc, and a resembling their normal scale if the pro­ authorizations, those contracts,. those ap­ dozen rare metals. The standard of living gram of the 0. P. M. is carried out, Mr. propriations have been expended. In of Mr. Average Family in the United States Nelson said: other words, with about one-fifth of what expresses itself very largely through con­ Therefore, if we a~e going to be compelled Congress has authorized we have already sumption of products made in part out of 'to reduce the production of civilian goods, these metals. There is not enough of these and if we are going to be compelled to in­ developed our production to such an ex­ metals to go around for everybody. In meet­ crease the production of military goods in tent that American ~irplanes are flying ing this scarcity situation we must work out every conceivable way, it stands to reason on every front in the war. The bombers standards which can be applied with com­ that a large number of manufacturers have from America are carrying bombs for the mon sense to bring about a feeling of joint got to shift over into defense or more essen­ R .. A. F. over Germany and German-oc­ sacrifice in doing a tremendous job. tial civilian production. And while that cupied countries. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 891l5 WE ARE DELIVERING THE GOODS Mr. President, the public interest and SOME DEFENSE WORK ALREADY AWARDED I am not one of those, Mr. President, the national defense-if, indeed, we are Thirty-four plants employing approxi­ who believe for a moment that the de­ defending the system of private enter­ mately 13,000 workers are affected by the fense effort of this country has failed. prise-demand that this allocation sys­ order. Among the larger producing centers tem shall be administered in such a way are Newton, Iowa, Ripon, WJs., Peoria, Ill., It. has not failed, industry in America Blooming, Ill., St. Joseph, Mich., Bridgeport, has done a particularly fine job in pro­ as to take care of the interests of little •Conn., Cleveland, Ohio, South Bend, Ind., ducing war materials; but I do say, Mr. business. Is that going to be done? Syracuse, N. Y., and Chicago. President, that it would be a grave error 0. P. M. OFFERS A NEW SYSTEM The entire industry was certified to the War if, in these circumstances, we should Department Oct.ober 10 by the Contra<:t Dis­ Mr. President, there has come from tribution Division of the Office of Product1on now permit those who are managing 0. P. M. an announcement which is so 0. P. M. to lay the foundation for the Management for special treatment in obtain­ clear that it cannot be m.isunderstood-a ing defense orders. Office of Production Man­ destruction of the little people who, after description of the intention of that or­ agement found that the industry is capable all, constitute the rank and file of Ameri­ ganization to supplant the normal pro­ of producing 17 .different defense items rang­ can citizenship. If we should permit cedure of our economy with an industry ing from antiaircraft machine-gun mounts to that to be done, then, the result would system, by which is meant that the inter­ bomb fin assemblies. The War Department be tlie destruction of our system. already has awarded the industry a $12;ooo,ooo ests of little business and little manufac­ contract for gun mounts, which is expected WHAT CONGRESS MEANT BY PRIORITIES turers will be subordinated to the inter­ to alleviate unemployment. Before I undertake· to cite the proof of ests of the industry. I say to you, Mr. LARGE COMPANIES CUT MORE my statement, taken from the records of President, that when the interests of lit­ tle business anywhere in the country are Under the limitation program average the 0. P.M., I wish to confirm what the monthly quotas for the industry will total senior Senator from Utah [Mr. THOMAS] made subordinate to the interests of an 164,410 units for the- period from August 1 said a moment ago with respect tp the industry, as an industry, you may depend through December 31, a decline of 17.3 per­ intention of Congress when the priorities upon it that the little fellows will not cent below average monthly factory sales of law was enacted. It never entered into have their say; 198,856 units in the 12 months ended June the mind, I venture to say, of any Mem­ In the offi.cial weekly bulletin of the de­ 30, 1941. However, the output in the 5-month ber of Congress that the pledges which fense agencies, issued in the omce of period will be only 9 percent below output in the corresponding period of 1940. were given before the Military Affairs Em.ergency Management, for November Size of companies in the industry varies. Committee that little business would be 4, 1941, I found on page 5 a very inter­ It is believed that the larger companies are protected would not be carried out. The esting and important story bearing this better able to withstand a reduction in out­ first of the priority enactments was con­ heading: put than are the smaller companies. There­ tained in the act approved June 28, 1940, Priorities: Domestic· washer and ironer pro­ fore the extent of the reductions is gradu­ an act to expedite the national defense. duction cut 17.3 percent to save scarce ma­ ated. Four different classifications and the Section 2 of that act provided: terials. percentage reductions to be applied to each group in the current 5 months are as follows: (a) That whenever deemed by the Presi­ dent of the United States to be in the best I shall not burden the Senate with interests of the national d_fense during the reading this article. I ask unanimous Average reduc· consent that it may be printed in my re­ tion (percent) natio::.al emergency declared by the President in current.'i on September 8, 1939, to exist, the Secretary marks at this point. Monthly average months below of the Navy is hereby authorized to negotiate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sales 12 months average contracts for the acquisition, construction, ended June 30, 1941 monthly sales obj~ction, it is so ordered. in 12 months repair, or al+tration of complete naval vessEls ended June 30, . O":" aircraft, or any portion thereof, including The matter referred_to is as follows: 1941 plans, spare parts, and equipment therefor, [From Defense of November 4, 1941) that have been or may be authorized, and PRIOIUTIES-DOMESTIC WASHER AND IRONER Class A______12,000 units up_------~0. also fer m~chine tools and other similar Class B.------5,000 to 12,000 units___ 16. equipment, with or without advertising or PRODUCTION CUT 17.3- PERCENT TO SAVE Class C_ ------1,200 to 5,000 units____ 12. competitive bidding upon determination that ScARCE MATERIALS Class D------0 to 1,200 units______None. the price is fair and reasonable- A curtailment in production of domestic washers and ironers from August 1 through In order to av.oid possible inequities, provi­ Here is the rule: December 31, 1941, by 17.3 percent below sion is also made that a class A manufacturer and deliveries of material under all orders average monthly factory sales in the 12 may, instead of adopting the 20-percent re­ placed pursuant to the authority of this sec­ months ended June 30, 1941, was ordered duction, produce not more than 50,400 units tion and all other naval contracts or orders October 29 by Priorities Director Nelson. during the 5-month period, whichever will and all Army contracts and orders shall, in The program, if oontinued without revision give him the greater output. Likewise, class the discretion of the President. take priority for a year, will reduce steel consumption by B manufacturers may choose the 16-percent over all deliveries for private account or !or approximately 32,000 tons. It will effect sub­ reduction, or a ceiling of 22,000 units, and export. stantial savings in consumption of other class c manufacturers may choose the 12- scarce materials and release facilities for de­ percent reduction, or a maximum output of Section 2 of the act of June 28, 1940, fense work. In addition to steel, the indus­ 6,000 units, whichever is greater. was amended by the act of May 30, 1941, try consumes copper, brass, iron, zinc, rubber, by adding another provision which I chromium. nickel, aluminum, tin. and bronze. PROGRAM DISCUSSED WITH 1'4ANUFACTURERS quote: The Division of Civilian Supply, in prepar­ WILL MORE THAN COVER REPLACEMENTS ing the program, first held an industry-wide Deliveries under any contract or order The estimated demand for washers and meeting to give manufacturers an opportu­ specified in this section may be assigned ironers to replace those wearing out during ity to discuss their problems and to make priority over deliveries under any other con­ the coming year is 750,000 units. Expected known to them that material shortages would tract or order. Whenever the President. is production will cover this by a wide margin force a reduction in output. A tentative satisfied that the fulfillment of requirements and still leave a substantial number of units curtailment program was discussed later with for the defense of the United States will for new installations. The industry normally a panel of representative domestic-laundry result in a shortage in the supply of any produces approximately 11 percent as many equipment manufacturers. This program material for defense or for private account ironers as it does washers. was subsequently modifiecl_ in the light of or for export, the President may allocate In an accompanying letter the Division of criticisms received. Thereafter the program such material in such manner and to such Civilian Supply requested manufacturers -to was discussed with representatives of anum­ extent a~ he shall deem necessary or appro­ priate in the public interest and to promote carry out to the fullest extent possible the ber of labor unions concerned. the national defense. following tw.o-point program: . Both management and labor representa­ 1. Make every effort to limit critical ma­ tives were told that the program would mere­ It will be observed from this l~nguage terials normally used through the adoption ly establish production maximums, and that that the Congress, in passing the law, of conservation measures, such as substitu­ there was .no guaranty that there will be tion of less critical materials, redesign, and sufficient materials available to reach these placed private accounts upon the same respecification. maximums. plane with materiaJ for defense or for 2. Reduce the number of models made and In this program, as in all others affecting export; and the measure of the decision concentrate on the production of those civilian supply, the Government is attempt­ was the public interest and the national models which make the most economical use ing to distribute materials and products defense. · of steel and other critical materials. available !or ci-vilian consumption on an 8916 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 equitable basis, so that businesses, large and This release does not contain any state­ States. I see here before me the junior small, can be given some assurance on what ment whatever of authority. We are 'not Senator from New York [Mr. MEAD], and to expect in conducting future operations. advised by whose authority the new plan I am reminded that in the New York Mr. O'MAHONEY. I desire to read was adopted. We are not told by whom Times of yesterday there appeared a one or two .. sentences from this article. it was discussed, whose views were heard. story to the effect that one of the gar­ Flrst, it says: whether or not there was any dissent, nor ment workers• unions is quarreling now Thirty-four plants employing approxi­ with whom the new plan originated. We with Mayor LaGuardia and threatening mately 13,000 workers are affected by the are permitted to know only the result. to withdraw from the American Labor order. Among the larger producing centers Here it is: Party because on election night, though are Newton, Iowa, Ripon, Wis., Peoria, Ill., Preparation for .the allocation of all criti­ the American Labor Party had supported Bloomington, Ill., St. Joseph, Mich., Bridge­ cal materials throughout American industry Mayor LaGuardia, the "rightist" leaders, port, Conn., Cleveland, Ohio, South Bend, was called for tqday in parallel actions by the the conservative leaders, of the American Ind., Syracuse, N. Y., and Chicago, Til. Supply Priorities and Allocations Board and Labor Party, the leaders of the American the Office of Production Management. Labor Party who believe in the American But this' is the significant sentence: In setting its sights for this all-out alloca­ The War Department already has awarded tion program, Supply Priorities and Alloca­ system, were unable to get an audience the industry a $12,000,000 contract for gun tions Board laid down the principle that with the victorious mayor, but he was mounts, which is expected to alleviate unem­ where feasible the allocation programs should sitting in conference with Representative ployment. be developed in such a way that minimum VITO MARCANTONIO, leader Of the "left­ Then the article tells how the program quantities of the needed materials would be ists," leader of that wing commonly assured to essential industries whose opera­ nlled the Communist wing of the was discussed with manufacturers. The tions are curtailed. members · of the association, the manu­ ·American Labor Party in New York, that facturers of domestic washer-and-ironer I emphasize the word "industries." wing which was resisting every defense machines, were invited to come to Wash­ This program does not undertake to take effort until Russia came into the fight. ington, and a conference was held at care of individual plants, individual man­ And now one of the garment workers' which this matter was discussed. There ufacturers, States, or cities. It does not unions is fearful as to what the trend is no assurance that every little business pretend to deal with little business as may be, and so it threatens to withdraw. man engaged in the production of ma­ such, or with medium business as such, It is a significant fact, Mr. President, chines of this kind was represented. or with big business, but with industry. that in the New York City election more Some members of the association came; It abolishes State lines and does away than 425,000 votes were cast by the with local economic independence. American Labor Party, ~nd Mr. Dubin­ the problem was discussed, and discussed sky's union, according to the New York in good faith, Mr. President. I do not 1. Supply Priorities and Allocations Board announced- Times, tells 'us that the Communists are question the good faith of any of the in control of that party. Now, we have gentlemen involved in this procedure. I . It does not say by whose authority the a picture of the leader of civilian ·defense am talking merely as· to the sign ~ficance announcement was made- in the United States sitting in conference of this meeting and this new policy. I Supply Priorities and Allocations Board with the "leftist" leader of the .Anieri­ continue to read: announced that it had authorized its execu­ can Labor Party and excluding .those who · Both management and labor representatives tive director to request. the Office of Produc­ are opposed to communism. were told that the program would merely tion Management to obtain detailed produc­ establish production maximums and that tion programs, industry by industry, for 1942. Does the New York mayor speak the there was no guaranty that there will be suffi­ mind of the people of the United States? cient materials available to reach these maxi­ There, M:r. President, we have the pro­ Does he understand the needs of the mums. gram clearly announced. It is intended. people of the United States? Does he not to take care of little business as such understand how the American system of The system which was set up as a re­ llut to take care of the industrial output little business is to be preserved? I sult of these conferences, as stated in the of this country, industry by industry, think not, if he obtains his ideas of this sentence I have just quoted, was that a managed from -Washington. problem from the "leftist" leaders of the single contract for $12,000~000 worth of Mr. President, I submit that that .is not American Labor Party. a certain defense need was awarded to the ·system which we have followed in this Deep, deep, deep matters are moving. the ·industry as an industry. Three prime country down to this hour. This comes The.problem before the United States is contractors were selected, one to have close to being economic revolution, ac­ how we are to organize this economic charge of tooling, one to have charge of complished behind closed doors in execu­ democracy of ours, and whether we are engineering and inspection, one to have tive session. to retain the democratic system, econom­ charge of bookkeeping and accounting; It may be necessary; I am not one to ically and politically. For my part, Mr. and then these three prime contractors say it is not necessary, without further President, I believe that that organiza­ were charged with the responsibility, the information than that which .is presented tion should be based upon a formula­ right, and the privilege of parceling out to us here, but I do . know that when a upon a principle-which will protect the the $12,000,000 worth of work. committee of the Congress asked the rank and file of little people of America. THE CARTEL SYSTEM FOR · US? 0. P.M. for its opinion upon a measure I do not believe we are ready to adopt Who is going to say that every little which would have created an agency to in America that centralization of indus­ contractor, every little business man who which little business could go with its try by industry which is set down i:Il could make some of these things, was story, 0. P. M. said, "No; we will take this release .of S. P. A. B . . I venture to given the opportunity? I think perhaps care of little business." So I ask in the say that the members of 0. P. M. who they were; but I say that if that system resolution I r.m presenting, How are they are recruited from the ranks of big busi­ is set up in this country, it is the German going to take care of little business? ness are completely blind to the signifi­ system; it is the cartel system; it is the What is the plan? What is the industry­ cance of the thing which they themselves totalitarian system. It is the system by by-industry plan? are doing. I do not believe that we are which a small group say who may work Oh, Mr. President, if the method which ready in America to adopt economic and and who may not work. The difference has been followed is the one we are to political centralism as the new dogma between ·this system and the German follow in the future, is it not perfectly of our Nation. system, however, is that under the Gel,'­ obvious that, with the geographical con­ Mr. MEAD. Mr. President-- man system the raw materials are guar­ centration of the defense effort known to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. anteed to the little fellow who gets a part every member of the Government, every ADAMS in the chair). Does- the Senator of the contract. Under our new 0. P.M. Member of the Senate, every Member of from Wyoming yield to the Senator from modification of the system, the guarantee the House, the economic vitality of most New York? is not made. of the States of the Union will be under­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. How important this is I w~nt . to ·indi­ mined? Mr. MEAD. I am not familiar with cate by quoting now from a release which DEEP FORCES ARE AT WORK the interviews the Senator has just men­ was glven out on November 7 by the · Let us not deceive ourselves. There tioned, but I recognize in the distin­ Supply Priorities and Allocations Board. . are deep forces at work in the United guished Senator from Wyoming, who now 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8917 has the :floor, probably one of the best­ in some way in behalf of little business­ order to protect themselves. Though the advised men in the country on the sub­ every industrial country except our own. organization came into existence without ject he is discussing. While he is dis­ I think we in the Congress should seri­ any authority from_all the people of the cussing that subject, in which I am very ously attack this problem, as has been United States, its power has grown so much interested also, I should like to recommended by the committee of which great that today the whole country point out, as he no doubt has done, that the distinguished Senator from Wyom­ knows that a challenge has been given at the very beginning of the defense ing has been the chairman. We have by it to the Government of this country­ emergency the 0. P. M. created thf Di­ only been "piece-mealing" the difficulties to the Republic itself. But will not the vision of Contract Service. It was head­ which beset little business. Certainly same challenge proceed from the organi­ ed by a Mr. Mehornay, whose duty it little business is sick. zation of the producing facilities of this was to see to it that small business was TEMPORARY NATIONAL ECONOMIC COMMITTEE country upon the principle laid down by given some consideration in connection REPORTS the S. P. A. B.? with these huge defense contracts. His­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, let Mr. President, I venture to call the tory probably proves that that effort was me interrupt the Senator at that point, attention of the Senate to this matter, a failure, a failure for reasons probably since he was kind enough to refer to the because I believe there is no more im­ not attributable to the head of that so-called Temporary Nationai Economic portant question before this country than agency. Committee. I take advantage of every the manner in which we shall organize Later on, about September 1, 1941, the opportunity to call attention to the fact the commerce of the country, and what President, by Executive order, created a that the Superintendent of Documents we shall do to make certain that little new agency. The original agency was on the 23d of September last had sold business shall not perish in this emer­ a creation of 0. P. M. The subsequent over 161,000 copies of the Committee's gency. agency was a creation of the President publication. The Superintendent of I hope the resolution will be adopted. of the United States; it had the backing Documents received more than $61,000 Mr. President, at this point I ask that and the authority of his Executive order; from the general public for the sale of there be printed in the RECORD as part of and it was known as the Division of Con­ these documents. The Committee went my remarks an article published in the tract Distribution. out of existence on the 3d of April last. New York Times of November 16, on the Mr. President, that agency is setting It was on the 31st of April that I stood attitude of the International Ladies' Gar­ out to assume its responsibility and to here and submitted the report upon ment Workers' Union and the American perform its task as creditably as it can. which the Senator from New York had Labor Party of New York. I alluded to It is headed by Mr. Odium, and he has worked. Every day since then scores of this article in my remarks. set up subagencies throUJhout the requests for copies of these various publi­ There being no objection, the article United States. I understand that he has cations have come to my office. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a number of trains now visiting the vari­ Mr. President, whatever may be hap­ as follows: ous sections of the United States. pening here or in the editorial rooms of [From the New York Times of November 16, Mr. O'MAHONEY. Beating the drums, the newspapers of the country, the people 1941] in other words. of the United States are interested in our GARMENT UNION THREATE;NS To QUIT LABOR fundamental economic system, and I PARTY ON COMMUNIST ISSUE-ACTION Is Mr. MEAD. Ascertaining the trouble POSTPONED MONTH AFTER A SECRET PARLEY­ think t~e Senator from New York [Mr. which besets little business. LEADERS RESENT USING UNION As "CLOAK MEAD] is quite right in the statement he OF RESPECTABILITY" FOR REDS Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, made, that Congress should pay some that is part of the big show-sound and The International Ladies' Garment Work­ fury-meaning very little. attention to this problem. ers Union, the city's largest union, is consid­ Mr. MEAD. Mr. President, if I may ering withdrawing from the American Labor Mr. MEAD. I agree with the Senator say in that connection, the constant and Party because it does not wish to provide a that the problem is deeper than all that. perhaps increasing demand for that "cloak of respectability" for Communist ele­ rt antedates the defense program. It splendid report is evidence of the fact ments in the party, it was learned last night. is an organic ill which should be treated that this is a problem of the first magni­ The party polled 434 297 votes for Mayor La­ as one of the basic problems confronting Guardia in the recent municipal election. the American people at this time, and tude, and that it ought to be dealt with The union's intention was communicated the executive order should be further directly by the Congress. The bills to party leaders at a secret meeting last week, which I Lave just brought to the a~ten­ but the garment workers were persuaded to strengthened by the enactment of legis­ tion of the Senate ought to be considered defer a final decision for at least a month. lation by the Congress. Many bills have by our Banking and Currency Committee, The International Ladies' Garment Workers been before the Congress for a number of and some effort should be m'\de to liber­ Union and the Amalgamated Clothing Work­ years bearing upon this subject, and alize the credit facilities which should be ers, both alined with the right-wing group in those bills should be considered, and they available for small enterprise. the Labor Party, have been the principal should be enacted into law. financial and electoral bulwarks of the party Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I since its formation. The garment workers A15 a result of our program, our com­ was saying that we are dealing with fac­ agreement to put off a decision on leaving the plete program, we should set up an agency tors which run very deep into our social, party was based on a desire to discuss the of government with the power and the economic, and political system. · The matter with Amalgamated officials after their authority of law to delve into the prob­ return from the Congress of Industrial Or­ lem, and to see to it that little business country today, for example, is stirred ganizations convention in Detroit next week. receives the consideration and the pro­ over the question of the closed shop and Resentment against the failure of the tection it merits. Some few years ago the United Mine Workers of America. mayor, an enrolled member of the Labor I introduced a bill, and since that time What will the President do, what will Party, to join actively in the campaign to I have introduced several modifications the Government do with respect to this strip Communists of influence in the organi­ challenge which has been uttered by the zation was cited by International Ladies' of the bill, attacking the credit problem Garment Workers Union leaders as a major which besets little business. My" distin­ head of a great national union to the Republic in an hour of great emergency? factor in their reluctance to give further guished colleague the Senator from Wy­ support to the party. oming, who has given it much thought, But, Mr. President, the issue raised by They made no effort to conceal their dis­ and whose committee endorsed that pro­ John L. Lewis and the national organi­ satisfaction with the mayor's statement on gram of legislation, realizes that at the zation of niine workers is not one whit primary day that he was staying away from very source of the trouble, preceding the different in principle from the issue raised the polls because there was "no contest" in defense contracts, resulting from the by the S. P. A. B., which undertakes to the party, and his subsequent assertion at a organize the production facilities of this Madison Square Garden rally that the Labor evolution in business, the coming of Party was "a united party." monopoly, and the chain stores, is the country industry by industry. The The wrath of the garment workers grew fact that the credit facilities of little United Mine Workers organization came when the mayor addressed a "stop Hitler" business have been dried up at the source. into existence because national organiza­ meeting of American Federation of Labor Every industrial country in the world has tion of big business was such that the and Congress of Industrial Organizations set up an agency to care for little busi­ workers were not receiving their just unionists sponsored by a group of left-wing ness, or has guaranteed credit facilities share. The workers had to combine in labor leaders who had opposed President 8918 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17

Roosevelt's policy of all-out aid to the ene­ There being no objection, the report the end product, with the raw materials mies of Hitler up to the time Soviet Russia was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, groups coming into the picture in an advisory entered the war. as follows: and consultative capacity. Since all pro­ The "supreme L..~.dignity," according to I. L. grams must of necessity be decreased or in­ G. W. U. spokesmen, was inflicted when it Preparation for the allocation of all criti­ creased as armament production rises, each became known that Representative VITo cal materials throughout American industry one will be framed so that it can be modified MARcANTONIO, leader of the left wing of the was called for today in parallel actions by upward or downward in case of need. When ~ .abor Party, had spent election night with the Supply Priorities and Allocations Board a program has been drawn up, it will be re­ the mayor while right-wing ;eaders sought and the Office of Production Management. viewed carefully in order to cut down the use vainly to get in touch with him. In setting its sights for this all-out allo­ of critical materials to the greatest possible On the day after the election the mayor cation program, Supply Priorities and Allo­ extent through simplification of lines, sub­ sent telegrams to two right-wing chieftains, cations Board laid down the principle that stitution, and so on. The Office of Production Luigi Ant onini and Alex Rose, giving the where feasible the allocation programs should Management, Bureau of Industrial Conserva­ Labor Party credit for his reelection, but this be developed in such a way that minimum tion will work with and through the indus­ did litt le to assuage the feelings of the gar­ quantities of the needed materials would be trial branches to accomplish this. ment workers. assured to essential industries whose opera­ When the program drawn up along these Those who hope to keep the I. L. G. W. U. tions are curtailed. lines has been agreed upon by the branches tn the party took courage from the defeat of 1. Supply Priorities and Allocations Board involved, it will be presented to the execu­ the left-wing forces at a meeting of the announced that it had authorized its execu­ tive director of Supply Priorities and Alloca­ Brooklyn County committee in Arcadia Hall tive director to request the Office of Produc­ tions Board, in order that it may be properly last Thursday. If the right wing had lost tion Management to obtain detailed produc­ synchronized with other programs. control of Brooklyn, the withdrawal of the tion programs, industry by industry, for 1942. It is then presented to Supply Priorities It stipulated that these programs should and Allocations Board. garment union would have been virtually contain ample information to indicate the certain. After Supply Priorities and Allocations month-by-month requirements of critical Board has passed on a program--either ap­ The I . L. G. W. U., under the leadership l f materials needed for the production of mili­ David Dubinsky, has been :C.ghting Commu­ proving it, modifying it, or taking such other tary, industrial, and civilian items, and es­ action as seems advisable-the program is re­ n!st encroachment in the Labor Party from sential public services. the outset. Suggestions that it abandon its ferred to the Office of Production Manage­ It also directed that these programs ment, Priorities Division, which undertakes fight after the Nazi invasion of Russia had should show similar requirements for re­ changed the left wingers from foes of Presi­ to make it effective and, where possible, to pair parts and capital expenditures. make sure that the needed quantities of dent Roosevelt's foreign policy to outspoken 2. Office of Production Management issued advocates were spurned by the garment or­ goods will in fact be available, through the an administrative order setting up the ma­ issuance of the required priorities ratings or ganization. chinery by which the whole program of re­ through allocation of materials. In the opinion of I. L. G. W. U. leaders, quirements is to be developed, outlined the In order that current operations may dove­ there have been two principal obstacles to dis­ manner in which the various industrial tail properly into the whole broad project, lodging the Communists from the party. One branches and other units of the Office of Pro­ Office of Production Management's adminis­ is the asserted refusal of politicians who wish duction Management are to work together trative order devised a new routing system to obt ain the maximum vote under the Labor toward this end, and instituted a new system for the handlil;lg of PD- 1 preference-rating Party emblem i;o give effective support to the of handling preference ratings in harmony applications, effective December 1. Details of right wing and the other is the success of the with this program. this system are described in the attached left wingers in getting their "disciplined It will, of course, take a good deal of time copy of the order. voters" to the polls on primary day. to get the entire program into effect. As MR. NELSON' S WARNING TO LITTLE BUSINESS PRIMARIES SEEN AS CRUX it gr~. dually emerges, however, the program Mr. O'MAHONEY. I also ask unani­ "We know we have enough votes to swamp will give greater certainty to American busi­ the Communists if we could get our people ness and industry; and it will also mean mous consent that there be printed in to come out in the primaries," one I. L. G. that defense officials will have a clear, over­ full at this point of the RECORD the speech W. U. official said; "but our people don't feel all picture of the Nation's total requirements of Donald M. Nelson, Executive Director they have to bestir themselves until election for raw materials, Supply Priorities and Allo­ of the Supply Priorities and Allocations day. The Communists are more control-con­ cations Board having previously authorized Board, to which I referred during the its executive director to get detailed require­ scious. They manage to get control of the course of my remarks, and which was party machinery by getting a full vote of their ments statements for the armed services, the merchant-ship program, and lend-lease. delivered in Boston on November 13. people in the primaries, and then right-wing There being no objection, the address candidates are obliged to run without the In substance, the development of an allo­ official party designation." cation program will proceed roughly as fol­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, If leaders of the Amalgamated Clothing lows: as follows: Workers can convince the I. L. G. W. U. that An industrial branch in Office of Production I want to say at the start that I fully real­ the combined efforts of all right-wing groups Management takes the first step, calling on ize the tremendous readjustments which this will be ~ ufficient to drive the Communists out its several sections to develop requirements emergency is bringing to many Americans. of the party's administrative machinery, the programs for each industry which manufac­ I wish I could assure you that we in Wash­ garment workers will agree to stay in. tures the products for which the branch is ington will somehow find an easy way to The right wing has held control of the State responsible. end all of these hardships. There is only one executive committee of the party since the Each program is built up by the branch or way to end them-by ending the emergency beginning, but the Manhattan County organ­ by its section, through consultation with the itself. That can be ended only by a com­ ization passed into the hands of the left wing industry advisory committee involved and plete and final victory for freemen and free 2 years ago. also through discussion with either or both institutions. of the armed services, depending on the The I. L. G. W. U. has 130,000 members in And that is a point worth dwelling . on. this State. Union officials believe that at nature of the product and the materials used We sometimes talk as if this whole defense least 150,000 votes are cast on the Labor in its manufacture. program, with all of its restraints and con­ Party line by these members and their fam­ When this has been done, the officers of trols and sacrifices, were something imposed ilies and that the bulk of the garment work­ the industrial branch who have the program upon the people by the Government. It isn't ers would follow a decision by the union to in charge discuss the entire matter with the that at all. This is the people's program, industrial branches which have jurisdiction this is the people's job. It is a job that no­ quit the party. over the materials or the products out of body likes but a job that has to be done. It A REVOLUTIONARY PROPOSAL which the article in question is made. Agree­ is this Nation's answer to the challenge Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I ment is reached between the branches as to thrown down by men who seek to destroy the amount of material which can be allo­ those world conditions·wllich make the ex­ ask unanimous consent that there shall cated, etc. Or, as an example, a program for istence of a free nation possible. If the be printed at the conclusion of my re­ the manufacturers of plumbing equipment people of America should decide that they marks the press release of the Supply would be initiated in the plumbing and heat­ really wish to remain inert and defenseless Priorities and Allocations Board of No­ ing branch of the Division of Civilian Sup­ before that threat, they could end this de­ vember 7,1941, from which I have quoted. ply. It would be worked up in consultation fense program overnight. But unless they This is the report which announces to the with the industry, and cross-checked to see do so decide-and we all know that Ameri­ Congress and to the country the adop­ how the military requirements situation cans will never make such a decision-there might affect it. Then, when it had been put can be no end to this program short of put­ tion of the cartel system in America. It in shape, it would be referred to the various ting an end to all that Hitler stands for. is a matter in which every Member of raw materials groups-the iron and steel And we can bring victory quickly only by Congress and every little business man is branch, the copper branch, etc., for a final accepting the heaviest load we can possibly vitally interested. It is the most far­ checking. bear. reaching and revolutionary economical Thus, in effect, each program would origi- · Which leads to another, related point. We proposal ever made in America. nate with the group which is responsible for can have that victory if we want !t. You 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8919 may have heard defeatists say. that no matter mand whatever, we would still be short of year. Programs can then be evolved so as to what we do we cannot win this battle of many of the needed materials. divide these materials among those indus­ military production; you have heard them ar­ When you put those two pictures together, tries as intelligently and equltably as pos­ gue, possibly, that Hitler's productive ma­ the answer is inescapably clear. We can:qot sible. There will be curtailments, of course; chinery is so huge and so emcient that we can possibly hope to meet the demands of the I can think of no purely civilian industry never beat its output no matter how hard world's largest armament program plus the which will get all of the materials it would we try. That is not true. We can outproduce most prodigious consumer demand in all hu­ like to have. The less essential an industry Hitler. We can do it in a comparatively man history. It just can't be done. There is to the national well-being, the sharper will short time. We have the materials, the ma­ isn't any way on earth to bridge that gap, be the curtailment, of course. chines, and the men-and we have the brains. and there isn't any way on earth to explain Now we get back to my opening remarks All we need is the united determination as it away or to pretend ·that it does not exist. abqut hardships. Curtailments of the kind well. The man who says we can't overtake It's there, and it will be there until this which are necessary are going to hurt, and Hitler is either blindly ignorant or believes world is free again. hurt badly. Going all-out for defense means that democracy and freedom are played out Hence we have these shortages. It would going all-out; it means that, in substance, and helpless. obviously be insane to let those shortage go this Nation will be primarily a tremendous And that remark, in turn, leads me to a unheeded-to try to run our defense pro­ arsenal for the production of military goods, third point. I just said that we have the gram and our civilian economy without any with every other activity subordinated and materials. We have. Yet, at the same time, controls and without any safeguards, simply with only those activities which the Nation we do have the most painful shortages in trusting to luck that in the mad scramble actually needs allowed to have anything re­ materials--shortages which are the prime for materials the stuff would sc:nehow get sembling their normal scope. And that causes for all of those hardships and sacri­ into the hands of the people who make things means hardships, in any language. fices which are the price of a successful the Nation needs instead of getting into the It doubtless has occurred to you before now drive for victory. hands of the people who make gadgets. I that if modern warfare is a warfare of ma­ I am not contradicting myself and I am literally don't believe that nny sane man terials it is also a war of production-that if not trying to talk in riddles; I am merely would advocate such a course. We have to we need prodigious quantities of those metals seeking to make clear one of the most dim­ have controls to prevent an economic whirl­ for defense we also need enormous produc­ cult and knotty problems of this entire de­ wind that would utterly ruin both our tive capacity to turn the raw metals into fin­ fense program-the reason for these crip­ national defense and our national economy. ished products. That is perfectly true. We pling shortages which are casting such long The controls that we have used so far are are going to need the labor of every available shadows over our civilian economy today. priorities ratings. As busines~men, you are worker and every machine that can be used in the land. To waste the ability to make National defense, of course, needs enor­ tolerably familiar with priorities-too fa­ miliar with them for your own comfort, no something we need would be every bit as bad mous quantities of those . basic materials on as to waste the material out of which that which a modern industrial society is built­ doubt. Essentially, they are simply a means for seeing to it that first things come first. thing could be made. steel, copper, aluminum, tin, nickel, and so Therefore. if we are going to be compelled on. Military needs alone next year will re­ If a manufacturer who is making something the Nation vitally needs wants material, he to reduce the production of civilian goods, quire more copper than this entire Nation and if we are going to be compelled to in­ uses in a normal year. Its relation to ordi­ gets a high rating. If a manufacturer who makes something that is needed by the Na­ crease the production of military goods in nary civilian demand is even higher, with every conceivable way, it stands to reason that things like aluminum and magnesium; it is, tion but needed less imperatt-vely comes into the market, he gets a somewhat lower rating­ a large number of manufacturers have got to of course, lower wjth such a metal as steel. shift over into defense or more essential But in all of these critical metals the mili­ and -so on down the line. That, fundamen­ tally, is all there is to priorities civilian production. And while that fact is in tary demand outruns anything that we ordi­ itself a problem-because this business of narily dream of. Modern war is not merely Such a system works very well when the shortage~ involved are moderate. If there is conversion isn't simple, by any means--it is fought on metal; it is fought on almost limit­ a~so a source of hope. less quantities of metals. almost enough to go around, the man with a low rating will still get the stuff he needs, You do not need to be told what these Yet we are the richest Nation on earth­ and he will get it with reasonable prompt­ shortages are beginning to do to civilian in­ not merely richest in point of cash money, ness. But where the shortage~ are very bad­ dustry. The small producer. in particular. is but richest -in our possession or our access where there is not nearly eno11gh of a given feeling the pinch. In all too many cases he to those great basic materials. The amounts material to go around-then the priorities sees before him nothing but the prospect of of material which we have or can get are system tend to fall short. Priority ratings going completely out of business. How is he more than equal to the military need. We tend to depreciate like papt>r money in a going to be saved? have more than enough steel, copper, and so period of inflation; it takes higher and higher The biggest part of the answer to that on, to meet all our defense requirements, ratings to get any kind of delivery at all, and question is blunt and unpleasant: astronomical as those requirement figures finally the whole system fails to provid~ the He has got to do a lot of the saving for are. control that must be had. himself. But here is the point: We do not and We have got to that point today. For That Isn't a heartiess statement. It is not never will have enough of those materials every pound of aluminum which can be made without full knowledge of the plight the to meet defense demands and at the same small manufacturer is in, or without full allowed to go on the civiliau market there knowledge of the very great dimculties that time meet the demands of an unprecedented are 10 ready and eager customers. There civilian boom. And an unprecedented civil­ are 3 customers for every pound of copper, stand In his path. But I must repeat, it is up ian· boom is just exactly what we would be 2 for every ton of steel. Priority ratings can­ to the manufacturer to do everything he can having if we had the materials to make it not cope with such a situation. So we are possibly think of to save himself in this sit­ possible. uation. In his favor is that one sourre of now moving into the field of allocations­ hope that I just spoke of: the fact that we Huge sums are being spent for d~fense. So rationing, if you believe in calling things by need to harness the productive facilities of far, upward of $60,000,000,000 has been laid their most unpleasant names. every available shop and factory that can pos­ on the line. Money is being paid out, for I do not propose to take up your time sibly make any kind of defense materials. It defense alone, today, at a rate of $1.750,000,- today with a detailed descripticn of the way is very largely up to the Individual to find a 000 a month. Under present schedules, we in which this allocation system is going to shall be spending two and one-quarter billion way to cash in on that hope. work. If I may, I will just sketch it in very Why Is that true? Well, for one thing, we dollars a month 1 year from now-and if we briefly. It must be based, of course, on an still live under a system of free enterprise revise our schedules upward to the level they adequate, detailed picture of what the na­ and free competition. Indeed, the very will have to reach if we are to win this tional requirements are going to be-both the reason that we are engaging in this terrif­ struggle with reasonable speed and certainty, military requirements and the civilian re­ ically costly defense effort is to make certain we shall find ourselves spending in the quirements. That must be balanced against that that free system shall survive. The neighborhood of three and one-half billions an equally detailed picture of the Nation's whole point of this program is to prove that a month. supply of all of these critical materials-and, free enterprise and free competition can still Now, spending of that magnitude is bound if I may interrupt myself for a moment, I beat the world, come what may. to be an enormous stimulus to consumer want to say right here that everything pos­ And the way to prove that free enterprise buying power. It means a national income sible will be done to increa..;e the supply of still works is to go out and exercise some far higher than any we have ever had before. all of those materials; we are not going to free enterprise when you get into a tough That, in turn, obviously means that the suffer any shortages simply because steps to spot. The way to demonstrate the value of people of America are coming into the market increase the supply have not been taken. free competition is to go out and do some to buy all .sorts and varieties of consumer The steps to get those pictures of require­ free competing when the going gets bad. goods in greater quantities than they ever ments and of supply have already been taken. There are of course some spots where all the bought them before. And that, finally, means Within a few months the picture will be enterprise and competition on earth won't that civilian business alone is now calling for fairly complete. Then we can work out, in­ solve the problem-but the manufacturer much greater quantities of all of these raw dustry by industry, the quantities of the dif­ who dares to assume that he Is in such a materials than were ever before used in all ferent metals which are going to be available spot until he has gone out and done every our history. If there were no military de- to meet clvi11an demand during the coming imaginable thing he can do to solve his own 8920 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 troubles is simply asking his country to con­ Yet the idea of setting up some sort of in greater volume than ever before. We have clude that this free system is out of date. reserve supply of materials to help men who not yet realized how good we are; we have The manufacturer who can think of noth­ face an absolute shut-down if something is hardly begun to grasp the idea that no mat­ ing better to do than to hurry up and dump not done is a good one. We are now working ter what forces are arrayed against us, himself in the Government's lap is destroy­ out such a plan, basing it on the idea that American men are able to shape America's ing free enterprise. Hitler boasts that free we must make an effort to meet special hard­ future. And no matter what combination enterprise can't cope with the problems of ship cases. We will be able to make limited , of men or problems arises to dismay us, we modern economics; does any American manu­ amounts of material available, for a limited shall always give back old John Paul Jones' facturer want to stand up and testify that time, to plants which have been unable to answer: Hitler is right? This defense program isn't a convert their facilities. In some cases, un­ "Licked? Why, we haven't begun to fight." W. P. A. program for industry. It's a life or questionably, where it would take a compara­ Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, with death struggle to save the free society we tively large amount of material to keep a the objectives declared so forcefully and like to live 1n, and one of the most im­ comparatively few men at work, or where portant ways to save it is to get out and the product manufactured is something that so ably by the Senator from Wyoming hustle to show that a free society can get we obviously cannot afford to keep on pro­ [Mr. O'MAHONEY J, not only in his ad­ through a crisis. ducing in a time of emergency, we will not be dress but in his resolution, I find myself What can the manufacturer do who is able to give that help. Where we do give it in complete accord. I am, however, con­ caught in this jam? A lot of things. He we shall be obliged to give it on a scaled­ cerned as to how the interests of small can go out and look for defense orders him­ down basis. In most cases, I believe, we shall business can be reconciled with the pro­ self, for one thing, instead of sitting in his have to make it temporary rather than permanent help; help that is given so that gram of the administration with refer­ office and demanding that the Government ence to the- allocation of priorities. In bring them in to him. He can go hunting for a producer may have a little more time to new sources of supply when his old sources get into some other kind of production or that particular I feel that we should take fail him; maybe he won't find any, but for to work out a way to substitute some plenti­ into account the broad background of the all he knows there may be one waiting for ful material for the scarce material he is challenge which has been posed to us by him if he will use up some shoe leather hunt­ accustomed to use. the Senator from Wyoming, and in that ing for it. He will rack his brain and sit up This program is not entirely complete I connection I think I should quote to the nights and run himself ragged if need be, hope that we can complete it in the very near future. II any case, I want to promise Senate a few lines from the address de­ trying to figure how he can convert his plant livered by the Vice President of the to some form of essential production; having you that we will do dll that we honestly done that, he will then go out and 1\ght for can to give as much as we can to as many United States in New York on last a contract just as he would do if we were as we can. We will do our level best to Wednesday evening. The sentences to trying to get a prized bit of civilian business be 100 percent fair about it • • and I which I refer appear in the Appendix of in ordinary times. Easy? Of course, that have always believed that the American the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at page A5106. isn't easy, but it's the way American business people will bear any load if they know it to I read as follows: be necessarJ and are sure that it is being ar.d industry grew great. For a time we shall willingly modify our I am a realist about these things. I would applied fairly. You know that this load is necessary. I promise you that it will be fair. American standard of life, ,so that our raw like to ask all of you to be realistic enough materials can be used where they will do to agree that the producer has got to do Yet there is one very important part of this problem we have not yet touched on at the most good. Our country needs her cop­ these things if our free-enterprise eystem is per, her aluminum, and her steel to fight the to come through this ordeal intact. In re­ all. The Government will do all it can do; the individual manufacturer must do like­ battle for freedom on tlie seven seas and in turn, I will freely agree that in a great many all the continents of the world. Our coun­ cases the manufacturer-particularly the wise. In between the two there is a broad and only partly explored field in which I try cannot permit the use of these precious, small manufacturer-won't get into defense critical raw materials to enable the well-to­ business by his own efforts no matter how believe that organizations such as this one I am addressing can be of very great do to enjoy their customary luxuries. Even hard he tries. For his own sake and for the those families in more moderate circum­ sake of the freedom he loves, he has got to usefulness. There are many things which the little stances will be asked to deny themselves. All make the effort; but there are, and of neces­ of us must economize in using metals sity will be, many cases in which he will not manufacturer cannot do for himself which succeed. What then? groups such as this one can help get done The Vice President gave us examples for him. Converting to defense production of each of the classifications which will Let me say as plainly as I know how to is not easy, you know. The big organization say it that we want to see the small manu­ finds it much easier than the little one does, be asked to make sacrifices. With ref­ facturer saved. We are going to do our level however, because the big organization has erence to the farmer, he pointed out that best to save him, and to help him save the technical resources to make the shift. there is not enough copper and iron to himself. Our economy cannot survive unless It has specialists who can study Government permit the production of all the farm the small manufacturer survives. But I must specifications, break down contracts and machinery farmers would like to buy next also. tell you that there is no easy, automatic find parts and components which can be way to do the job. year. Milking machines and dairy made, work up proper cost figures so that equipment; yes, because we need to ex­ It has been suggested that we simply set the company can make a fair estimate of the aside a certain quantity of all of these critical expense involved in some brand new kind of pand milk production all we can; but in materials as a pool, from which limited production, and in many other ways smooth many other lines; no. amounts might be guarllnteed to all small the transition from civilian production to Mr. President, it is impossible to recon­ manufacturers · who cannot convert their defense production. I think that in this cile the aims of the Senator from plants to defense work. That plan would be emergency it is up to the big fellows to show Wyoming with the declared policy of the the answer, if we dared adopt it. We cannot the little fellows how they have met those Government as thus announced by the do it, and the reasons seem to me to be problems. They can do it best, I believe, Vice President, who said that in so doing pretty obvious. through the intervention of regional organ­ In the first place, the needed quantities of izations like this one. There is an amaz­ he was acting by virtue of his appoint­ critical materials simply aren't available. I ingly rich field · awaiting your efforts there; ment by the President of the United have tried, as earn€stly as I know how, to I honestly believe that in some ways you can States to develop rules for equality in explain that these shortages are desperate. do more than we in Washington can do to sacrifice. He said that by means of We can't set up any kind of blanket, over­ help the small manufacturer get into defense priorities and allocations we can solve, all guaranty for the very good and unavoid­ production or change over his business to in justice, the problems of shortage, so able reason tilat we couldn't possibly find produce essential civilian gt>ods. Really sur­ that America can defeat Hitler. the necessary materials to do it with. In the prising things have been accomplished in cer­ With that objective I, too, am in ac­ second place: If you did try to set up such tain localities where local governments have a plan, where would you draw the line? helped businessmen to cooperate on these cord; but how we are to have all-out pro­ Would you say that the man with 20 em­ problems. As a Nation, we cannot say that duction, taking the nonferrous materials ployees qualified for aid while the man with this business of saving the small manufac­ in particular and allocating them en­ 25 did not? A worker will get just as hungry, turer has us licked until we have made a tirely to defense production, and, as the when the shop closes down, if he is 1 of 25 thorough and intensive trial of that field. Vice President told us, curtailing abso­ or 50 or 100 or a thousand, as he would if I am sure that all of you realize the seri­ lutely the produ9tion of certain articles in he were 1 of 20. Besides, who wants to give ousness of this situation. It is desperately certain lines, and at the same time help employers so cruel an incentive to throw serious. Yet there is no reason for any of us small business is a problem which I men off their pay rolls? Furthermore, mere to despair. Our Nation became great be­ size of the shop is not the sole criterion; tt.ere cause it dared to work its way through serious feel we have not yet met. The challenge are many comparatively large plants which situations. We have not lost our daring; of the genator from Wyoming is timely cannot be converted to defense production. we have not lost our skill; we have not lost and important. Are we simply to plow all of them u nder and our strength. On the contrary, I truly be­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will extend our ail~ only to those plants which lieve that in this world:..shattering emer­ the Senator yield? are physically and financially tiny? gency we shall find that we have those assets Mr. DANAHER. I yield. 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8921 Mr. O'MAHONEY. The remarks of Committee dealing with the existence of panding school, health policy, fire, and other the Senator prompt me to call attention these very materials. We have failed to facilities necessary to meet the requirements to the fact that there is now being pre­ turn our energies and our intelligence of expanding population due to so-called de­ pared for presentation to the 0. P. M. fense boom. May I ask of you to protect the toward the development of the materials interests of Connecticut municipalities and an appeal on the part of smalJ manufac­ which we have. The fundamental error not allow large blocks of real and personal turers engaged in making gas ranges. which has been made is that of supposing property to be re ~noved from our assessment We all know that a large segment of our that there is not enough to go around. lists. population depends upon gas ranges. I Nature has provided more than enough. CHARLES J. MCLAUGHLIN, am told that about 81,000,000 of the popu­ As I said in filing the preliminary report Tax Commissioner of the lation use gas for cooki.ng, whereas only of the T. N. E. C. considerably more than State of Connecticut. thirteen and a half million depend upon a year ago, the abundance of Nature I do not know to what extent the For­ electricity. The companies which are en­ mocks the intelligence of men. In this eign Relations Committee has investi­ gaged in the manufacture of gas ranges crisis, if we use our intelligence, we can gated the subject along the lines of the operate in States scattered from the use the abundance; and, instead of com­ question posed by the State tax commis­ Pacific to the Atlantic, in the North and mitting ourselves to a policy of restricted sioner of my State, but I do know that in the South. Most of them will be af­ production, allocation, and starvation of the problem is serious and deserves the fected by priority allocations. They will small business, we should devote our­ fullest consideration. Meanwhile, I have not be able to operate. Not being able selves to producing what Nature has sent for such additional data· as may to operate, not only will they have to lay given into our care. prove of assistance to the committee, and off their own staffs, which can then ob­ Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator tain employment only by going to more for opinions of the State attorney general from Wyoming. Let me say that in quot­ and other officials with reference to the congested areas, but they will be under ing the Vice Prtsident I am doing no obligation to withdraw advertising from question. In due course I shall submit more than submitting for the attention the material to the committee for its the radio and from the newspapers. of the Senator and others the nature of If the process continues, Mr. President, information. the inquiry ahead of us. I share the sen­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, before long perhaps the newspapers of timents of the Senator with respect to the country, which now furnish the mar­ will the Senator yield? the objective which he has announced. Mr. DANAHER. I am glad to yield. ket to which the gentlemen in the press But, Mr. President, this particular di­ gallery send their wares, will not be in Mr. VANDENBERG. The episode in lemma is only one of 9 series which de­ the Foreign Relations Committee to any position to require the presence of scend upon us these days. Washington correspondents. Unless we which the able junior Senator from In the Washin~ton Post of November preserve small business, we shall find our Connecticut referred occurred during 14 there appears s n item entitled "Sen­ one of the very few temporary absences whole economy undermined. ators quit parley in protest of secrecy Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, when of its distinguished chairman, who was rule." This is an Associated Press dis­ not presiding at the time. the tax bill which the Congress recently patch: passed was before the Finance Commit­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ Resentment against the secret considera­ dent, will the Senator yield at that point? tee there was adduced testimony to the tion of a reciprocal tax waiver treaty with effect that some 160,000 small-business Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield. Great Britain led four members to walk out Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Let me ex­ corporations would be forced to the wall of a meeting of the Senate Foreign Relations within the next few months. It was Committee yesterday. press my very heartfelt opinion that if further testified that those businesses Senator VANDENBERG (Republican), said the chairman of the committee had been employ a total of between three and a the four-himself and Senators JoHNSON present the incident would not have half and four million men. It is per­ (Republican) of California; CAPPER (Repub­ occurred. fectly apparent that as a result of the lican), of Kansas; and CLARK (Democrat) of Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator Missouri, quit the meeting in protest against from Missouri anticipates me because I vast dislocation of a labor pool which "absentee rule" over the committee's pro­ has hitherto been engaged in nondefense was about to express to the Senator from cedure. Connecticut my belief that when the production there will be mi~rations of VANDENBERG had moved that the commit­ thousands of workers into defense in­ tee's usual rule of secrecy with regard to Senator from Texas once more resumes dustries which, in turn, will be utilizing treaties be lifted. VANDENBERG, JOHNSON, his gavel in the Foreign Relations Com­ the metals upon which small businesses CAPPER, CLARK, and Senator GILLETTE (Demo­ mittee next Wednesda~. the perfectly depended. It is perfectly clear that with crat), of Iowa, voted for it, but Senatora absurd and utterly indefensible spectacle small businesses regimented or put out MURRAY (Democrat), of Montana, and GLASS of last Wednesday will be retrieved, and (Democrat), of Virginia, opposed it, and MUR­ the American people will be permitted a of business as the case may be, the goal RAY voted the proxies of 5 absent members declared by the Senator from Wyoming reasonable opportunity to discover what against tt. The motion thus lost 7 to 5, al­ is being contemplated in respect to their is simply inaccessibl~ to us. Either we though only 7 members were present ln are going to save small business or we person. rights by the pending treaty, which, thus are going to ruin it; either·we are going Although members declined to discuss de­ far, is secret. to have an all-out defense production, tails, it was understood that the agreement Mr. CONNALLY rose. would exempt .British-owned munitions fa­ or we are not. The Vice President of cilities in this country from local taxation Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, I very the United States made that issue per­ in return for similar exemptions for Ameri­ hopefully receive the assurances of the fectly clear, and last week he pointed out can interests in British Empire plants. Senator from Michigan in this particular. to the people of the United States that I see the Senator from Texas on his we must accept the sacrifices. The v ..:ry day that dispatch appeared in feet; I yield to him. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will the press I received a telegram from Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I Charles J. McLaughlin, who is the tax the Senato~ yield? thank the Senator from Michigan for his Mr. DANAHER. I yield. commissioner of the State of Connecti­ generous comment. The reason why the Mr. O'MAHONEY. With that point of cut. The telegram reads as follows: Senator from Texas was not present at view I do not agree. I believe that in the HARTFORD, CONN., November 14, 1941. the meeting was that he is also a member 1-~on . JOHN A. DANAHER, United States we have resources which United States Senate: of the Senate Committee on Privileges we can use to maintain our defense or It 113 my understanding that there is pend­ and Elections, and the Senator from military output and preserve little busi­ ing before the Foreign Relations Committee North Dakota [Mr. LANGER], whose seat ness too. I am well aware that in quot­ a proposal to exempt fr-..~m local taxation the is being challenged, was on the stand, ing the Vice President the se~ator is re­ capital assets of the British Government, both and it seemed more important to the citing the point of view of those who are real and personPl, which are being used in Senator from Texas to attend the meet­ directing the S. P. A. B.; but, Mr. Presi­ the construction of buildings, ownership of ing of that committee and to hear the the same, as well as machinery installed testimony of the Senator from North dent, I contend that they are overlooking therein, for manufacturing war implements. the presence in this country of untouched The resulting diminution of income revenue Dakota than to attend the meeting of resources of materials. That was the to the towns as a result of such a policy the Foreign Relations Committee. reason why I presented to the Senate would be extremely severe, considering the I did not anticipate that there would today the report of the Public Lands present obligations of municipalities in ex- be such a belligerent attitude asswned LXXXVII--563 I 8922 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 by contesting factions. The Committee Mr. CONNALLY. Does the Senator a bill which will do the trick, and the on Foreign Relations has been called to mean to take the Senator from Con­ Senator from Connecticut [Mr. MA­ meet next Wednesday, at which time I necticut off the floor? LONEY] has cooperated in it. expect to be present. I am glad to assure The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. President, I hope the question will both the senator from Michigan and the Chair thinks such action would neces­ now be put on the resolution. Senator from Connecticut that, so far sarily take the Senator from Connecticut The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as the Senator from Texas is concerned, off the floor. question is on agreeing to the resolution I shall vote to give the utmost publicity Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, if the of the Senator from Wyoming. to the treaty, and I have no disposition Senator will bear with me, I wish merely to keep secret anything in the treaty­ to thank the Senator from Texas, the The resolution was ordered to be Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I should like ter considered publicly at the hearing printed in the RECORD, as follows: to say I have never regarded the act before the committee. Senate Resolution 195 of any Government department in put­ Mr. CONNALLY. A parliamentary in­ Resolved, That the Office of Production ting a stamp "confidential" on the head quiry. Management is hereby requested to submit of any matter submitted for congres­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The a report to the Senate as soon as practicable sional consideration and action as be­ Senator will state it. with respect to· (1) the general policy which ing binding, and therefore I should not . Mr. CONNALLY. When the hour of has been established for the Office of Pro­ 2 o'clock arrives, cannot the Senator duction Management in connection with the like to have remain unchallenged the administration of section 2 of the act·of June statement of the Senator from Michigan from Wyoming make a motion that the 28, 1940, as amended (relating to assignment that the matter is still secret. I have resolution be taken up and that the Sen­ of priorities); (2) the methods and plans given no publicity to it; but I was able r.te proceed to consider and adopt it? which have been adopted or are contemplated to secure three copies of the treaty, which The PRESIDING OFFICER. Cer­ for the allocation or distribution of mate­ I sent to three of the most responsible tain,ly, rials to which priorities have been assigned officials of my State, and I asked them Mr. O'MAHONEY. I believe that the pursuant to such section 2 under contract for their opinions and reactions. So, to discussion has about exhausted itself. I arrangements or otherwise; and (3) the pro­ ask unanimous consent that the resolu­ gram which has been formulated or is being the extent that I have sent out copies, followed by the Office of Production Manage- . the actual treaty provisions are not se­ tion be now adopted. ment for the purpose of protecting to the cret. I do not feel that it necessarily Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, the · fullest practicable extent the various business makes a matter confidential, when it is Senator from Texas desires a little of the enterprises the operations of which are in­ to be submitted to the House or the Sen­ Senate's time. Would the Senator from terrupted or interfered with because of a ate or the Congress, for some under­ Texas be in order if he should seek recog­ shortage of materials to which such priorities strapper in a Government department nition after action on the pending reso­ apply, and for relieving the hardships caused to slap on it a stamp "confidential." lution? to small business enterprises by the applica­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion of a priorities or allocation system to In the particular incident which the materials deemed to be essential for national­ Senator has discussed nothing could be pending question is on agreeing to the defense purposes. resolution of the Senator from Wyoming. more futile or more foolish than the as­ Resolved further, That upon the receipt of sertion that such a matter as the sub­ The Senator from Texas has the floor. such report the Secretary of the Senate is mission of a treaty could be confidential, Mr. CONNALLY. The question is, If hereby directed to transmit a copy thereof because if the Foreign Relations Com­ the resolution should be adopted, could to the Clerk of the House of Representatives. mittee of the Senate, with only seven of the Senator ·rrom Texas then obtain the PROTECTION AGAINST STRIKES IN us present, and during the major part of floor in a parliamentary fashion? DEFENSE INDUSTRIES the discussion with only six of us present, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The until the late arrival of the Senator from Cha~r thinks he doubtless could. The Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I have Virginia [Mr. GLAssl-with only six of Senator from Texas can always obtain sent to the desk, and had permission to us present for the most part and seven the fico. ·. introduce earlier in the rtay, a bill relating at the maximum-had seen fi~ to report Mr. CONNALLY. Very well. I sug­ to an amendment of the Selective Service the treaty to the Senate for favorable gest thd the Senator from Wyoming and Training Act of 1940, having to do action, of course, it then would have been proceed. with the strike situation and labor dis­ public property. The Foreign Relations Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I putes. Committee could not have reported the ask that the resolution be adopted. It will be recalled that when the Draft treaty clandestinely; it would have had to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Act was originally before the Senate a be reported . and go on the calendar for questio 1 ic on agreeing to the resolution clause was included which :tuthorized treaties, at which time it would become of the Senator from Wyoming. the Government, through the President, public property. So it seems perfectly Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, to take over any plants in uhich the idiotic and silly, not to say futile, for a promising to stop the questioning prior owners or managers refused to produce department to slap a stamp "Confiden­ to 2 o'clock, I desire to ask merely one articles for the national defense at rea­ tial" on a matter which for their own questkn of the Renator from Wyoming. sonable prices and under reasonable con­ purposes, to be successful, must be pub­ It seems to me-agreeing completely ditions. lic property. with him, as I do-that his resolution is When that bill came before the Senate Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will a rather timid approach to the subject. last June, for the second time, the Sen­ the Senator yield to me? It seem's to me that all we are likely to ator from Texas offered an amendment Mr. DANAHER. I yield to the Senator get from the resolution is merely a re­ to extend the provisions of that section from Wyoming. statement by the 0. P. M. of the testi­ to plants in which there were strikes or Mr. O'MAHONEY. It is now 5 minutes mony it ha.s previously given. .Does not labor difficulties. The Senate adopted before 2 o'clock. If the resolution which the Sena,tor think that finally there must that amendment by a vote of 67 to 7, but, we have been discussing this morning is ba a special Senak committee, similar when it went to the House of Representa­ not adopted by 2 o'clock, it then will, to the one propcsed by the Senator from tives, it failed of adoption. The l>ill which under the rule, go on the calendar; and Connecticut [Mr. MALONEY], to follow I have now introduce(! provides that that that, of course, would be the very best this thing straight through and to pro­ section of the Draft Act shall be extended way to prevent our getting an answer to duce results? to include plants or facilities or mines, the very polite questions which are asked Mr. O'MAHONEY. I believe that this the operation of which is necessary for in the resolution. Therefore I ask unani­ is the opportunity to get an answer. If the production of defense articles, and mous consent that the resolution be now we do not get the plan, then we can that whenever such plants, facilities, or adopted. proceed v:ith legislation. I myself have mines are impeded or hindered by strikes 1941 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8923

or labor difficulties th~ President shall 420 UNION STATION, call, the bill covering the strike situation, have authority to take them over. Houston, Tex., April 5, 1941. which was passed, as I recall, in June and The bill further provides that when This petition, which was addressed to to which reference has been made, when the Government exercises such power me, was mailed away back in April- offered by the able Senator, was ex­ the labor conditions shall be frozen. In We the undersigned employees of the plained very thoroughly by him. In what other words, the status as to open shop Missouri Pacific Lines, the majority being respect does the proposal he now offers or nonopen shop, as to jurisdictional unions members, respectfully urge that im­ differ from the one we passed at that disputes, and matters of that character, mediate and vigorous action be taken by time? shall continue as they existed prior to Congress to enact laws that will put a stop Mr. CONNALLY. I am glad the Sen­ the taking over by the Government for. to strik~s in defense industries. ator from Oregon asked the question. the duration of the emergency. Members of our families and uiends have The previous measure merely provided The bill further provides that as to been inducted into the servic ·~ of our coun­ that the Government might take over try. We feel that their ~fforts should not wages there shall be a wage board of be hampered by the willful and disloyal plants engaged in defense work. This bill three appointed, and, in view of the pos­ attitude of labor agitators, as is apparent in goes further than that, and provides that sibility of a rise in the cost of living or the Allis-Chalmers and Ford strikes. the relationship and status of laborers inflationary conditions, whenever a ma­ and employers shall continue as they ex­ jority of the employees of a plant shall I ask unanimous consent that the com­ isted prior to the taking over; in other petition the board for an increase of munication be printed in the RECORD . words, if a plant was an open-shop plant, wages the board shall conduct an investi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. VAN that status shall be preserved, and the gation and examination and shall make a NuYs in the chair). Without objection, plant shall continue to be on an open­ finding with the approval of the Presi­ it is so ordered. shop basis during the existence of the dent. The reason I put in the words The petition is as follcws: emergency. If it was a closed shop, the "with the approval of the President" is to EXHIBIT 1 presumption is that that relationship fasten upon the President the responsi­ 420 UNION STATION, will continue. All the matters affecting bility of approving or disapproving the Houston, Tex., April 5, 1941. terms of labor and working conditions, findings of the board. I would not want Hon. TOM CONNALLY, except wages, must be "frozen," and, as United States Senator from Texas, to have a board that had plenary author­ Washington, D . C. to wages, a board is set up to investigate ity and plenary power and not be directly DEAR SIR: We, the undersigned employees and report and find what the right wage responsible to somebody. of the Missouri Pacific Lines, the majority ought to be in an industry, taking into Mr. President, as all Members of the being union memb_ers, respectfully urge that consideration all the factors that go to Senate know, the country is faced with immediate and vigorous action be taken by make up a just and fair wage. a critical situation by reason of the strike Congress to enact laws that will put a stop Mr. NORRIS. Mr. President, will the in the coal mines ordered by John L. to strikes in defense industries. Senator yield? Members of our families and friends have Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sen­ Lewis. It seems to me that the time has been inducted into the service of our coun­ come when the Government of the United try. We feel that their efforts should not be ator from Hebraska. States has got to determine the question hampered by the willful and disloyal attitude Mr. NORRIS. I wish to ask the Sen­ of whether the Government here in of labor agitators, as is apparent in the ator a question about "freezing" the Washington in .the White House and in Allis-Chalmers and Ford strikes. status or conditions except as to wages. the Capitol is the Government of the Arthur Peterson, D. W. Barker, Ray It seems to me there can very easily be United States or whether the Govern­ Gunter, J. E. Flynn, E. S. Banks, imagined a case where the "freezing" of H. P. Ward, Grace Harris, Alma a certain condition or conditions would ment of the United States is to be domi­ Francis, C. S. Davis, Katharine nated and coerced by John L. Lewis, who Helser, James H. Roberts, Kather­ result in great hardship, perhaps, to the has an office in some other part of this ine Moffett, Mary A. Harris, B. W. Government or perhaps to labor and per­ city. It seems to me that it is entirely Stone, H. A. Schaney, Leroy Hill, haps to both. The condition "frozen" fair to labor to say that for the period of Albert E. White, R. T. Chambin, might have been the reason for the tak­ the emergency it shall continue in the Irene B. Wilson, Elsie C. Arnold, ing over of a mine or an industrial plant. same status which it enjoyed before the B. M. Cesak, J. B. Owens, W. H. I do not care to discuss the suggestion Sellers, E. M. Aubert, L. D. Carter, taking over of the plants, a status to G. H. Curtis, V. C. Teague. L. M. now, because it will later be before the which it has voluntarily submitted, that Edington, A. A. Cobb, Cora Helen committee, and it will have to be dis­ labor shall continue to work under con­ Kendall, Mrs. F. A. Roemer, L. D. cussed again when the bill comes up on ditions that were apparently satisfactory Lewis, C. B. Cox, R. S. Gaston, the floor of the Senate, but if the law to it, and that labor shall not be under F. E. Turner, Margie Bowman, should make an arbitrary provision of the leadership of a selfish labor leader W. L. Andrews, J. P. Latz. I. S. that kind, without any exception, it might who wants to build up his own prestige Mayfield, E. D. Myers, Thos. J. be that the condition which would be Clark, R. E. Blanchard, Lillian and increase his power at the expense Morris, Earl V. Hyde, Dixie Cun­ "frozen" was the very condition because of the Government of the United States ningham, C. L. Mims, Nadine of the existence of which the Govern­ and at the expense of the very men he Mann, N. Paul Wiley, Mrs. Ola ment had to take over and operate the claims to represent. Miller, Mrs. J. A. Barnett, B. B. plant. Mr. President, I do not believe that Bacon, F. E. Browon, Mrs. Carl G. Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Senator the great mass of the laboring men in Meyer, D. S. Cage, V. A. Sala, Fred from Nebraska. I will say to him that the S. Carter, Mike Byrne, A. V. the United States sympathize with the Keenan, Frank Eldredge, H. R. Senator from Texas makes no claim that effort to use the strike as a weapon Fields, W. G. Bell, A. D. Jessen, the bill is perfect. It will go to a commit­ against the Government in this critical F . F. Hodnett, R. C. Hilton, C. E. tee, I hope, and will be worked out; and hour of the Nation's history. I believe Camp, E. E. Casey, F. Brady, V. H. it may be, in the course of things, that that the great majority of the members Liebert, R. E. Candle, Arthur we can improve its provisions. I shall be of union labor are opposed to the em­ Evans, G. W. Hawley, C. R. DuBose, perfectly willing to meet every reasonable ployment of strikes at this time. I have E. J. Sheeran, H. L. Robertson, demand in that .respect. I think, how­ in my desk a communication signed by F. W. Partridge, D. D. Carter, Rose Crlne, Rita Mims, Cornelia ever, the principles of the bill as such are · a large number of constituents of mine Higgins, Laura Miller, Ethel Ran­ sound, and I think it is practically the from the State of Texas in which they dle, Nell McGraw, Ethel Chapman, only system which will secure continu­ point out that they are members of labor Geo. D. Meckey, Mrs. N. E. Whaley, ous production. To me, the important unions and yet denounce and repudiate C. L. Farmer, Jr., De La Motta and the supreme thing is to continue pro­ the efforts of leaders, such as Lewis, who Brown, Mrs. Geo. Stewart, Rose duction. would take advantage of the Nation's Crum, Geo. Stewart, H. H. Hodg­ A number of Senators have bills which necessities and the Nation's peril to ex­ kins, W. E. Franks, Fannie Mc­ Connell, W. G. Harris. make it a criminal offense to do this, and tort and coerce the Government into do that, and do the other thing. That is doing things which they would not be Mr. McNARY. Mr. President- all right. I have not examined all of able to accomplish in normal times. Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sen­ them. Perhaps I will agree to many of I desire to read, very briefly, from the ator from Oregon. them; but that does not guarantee the communication, which I will then ask to Mr. McNARY. I may anticipate what continuous production that we must have. be put in the RECORD. the Senator is going to say, but, as I re- Trying a man next year in a Federal 8924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 court for some alleged crime win not keep "You were willing to accord your men world. I believe that the real sentiment the factory going. these rights before. You go on giving of most of the laboring people in the I realize that many Senators say, "I am them just what they have had." It has United States might be expressed by the opposed to the Government taking over a right to say to the men, "You have been term "defense," not "defiance." these plants." Normally, that is true. In Willing to work up to this moment under I asked that this bill be referred to the normal times, I regret the necessity of these terms and these conditions, except Judiciary Committee, not because I had any Government activity in the field of as to wages; and in the hour of your Na­ any reflections on the Committee on industry; yet here is a group of employ­ tion's stress and trial, when other men Education and Labor, but because the ers on the one side and a group of em­ are going to training camps for $21 a Senator from Texas happens to be a ployees on the other side. They cannot month, you ought to be willing to go on . member of the Judiciary Committee, and agree. The plant is locked up. There is working on the same status that you have I think I can get quicker and better re­ a strike. Perhaps it is a strike of the em­ heretofore worked-a status which you sults in that committee. Moreover, it is ployers or of the employees. It does not voluntarily assumed, a status which you not strictly a labor bill. It is a bill that make any difference. Who else but the continued to seek and use. You ought affects the general welfare of the United Government of the United States can not to seize this particular hour to de­ States. It involves some very highly im­ step in and say, "This plant is going to mand a new status. If your wages should portant legal and constitutional ques­ run?" be raised, the Board will raise them." tions; and I therefore asked that it be Mr. McNARY. Mr. President- Mr. President, I believe that the com­ referred to the Judiciary Committee. I Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sena- munication which I have filed with the have that consent already; but I wanted tor from Oregon. . clerk, setting forth the views of many to make this statement in the presence Mr. McNARY. I desire to ask the able union-labor members in my State, is of the Senator from Utah [Mr. THOMAS], Senator if he is introducing this bill to fairly representative of the great mass who is chairman of the Committee on meet the present situation in the bitumi­ of the laboring men. I do not believe Education and Labor. For those reasons nous coal fields, or whether he believes that the defiant, the coercive, and the I asked the reference of the \:>ill to that the President has ample authority with­ rude manners of John L. Lewis represent committee. out legislation of this kind. the masses of the men who toil with their The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. CONNALLY. I will say to the hands in the United States. I believe the Chair is informed by the Parliamentar­ Senator from Oregon that I doubt that time has come when we must decide who ian that that order has already been the President has ample authority. In is running this country-Mr. Lewis or the entered. the case in southern California, under Congress of the United States and the Mr. CONNALLY. I was explaining, the existing law, the President assumed President of the United States. though, why I had asked for the order. that he had a right to go in and take In view of the suggestion of the Sen­ Mr. THOMAS of Utah. Mr. President, charge of the plant. He did so, and ator from Oregon, I hope the President the amendment which is ·offered is an within 48 hours the men went back to of the United States will exer~ every amendment to a bill which came out of work. Under the law, however, there is ounce of authority that he has to crush­ the Military ·Affairs Committee, and not some doubt in my mind as to whether the to crush-this would-be dictator who de­ out of the Committee on Education and President would have the right to go out­ fies the Government that shelters him Labor. side of a plant and take charge of these and protects him and makes it possible Mr. CONNALLY. That is true. mines, which technically are not parts for him to enjoy a large measure of Mr. THOMAS of Utah. It happens of the plant. It is true that they produce prosperity. that the Senator from Utah at this par­ coal which is necessary for the manufac­ Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President­ ticular moment will have to speak for the ture of steel; but coal is also necessary to Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sen­ Military Affairs Committee also. I warm our houses, which is not, in and of ator from Tennessee. should like to say, further, that we had itself, a national-defense act. Mr. McKELLAR. I desire to say that no easy task in framing the plant-sei­ I have consulted certain of the high au­ I agree 100 percent with all that the zure provision of the Selective Service thorities, and they have some doubt as Senator from Texas has said. I think Act, or the amendment to which the to whether or not, under existing law, the it is absolutely obligatory for our Gov­ Senator from Texas has referred. President has the right to 'take over and ernment to have this matter of labor and I wish the Committee on the Judiciary operate the mines. The President, of wage adjustment determined, and have all the joy in the world. I am very hap­ course, has broad authority under exist­ it determined right away. We cannot PY that the Senator from Texas showed ing law as Commander in Chief of the have these strikes against defense indus­ the consideration that he has shown to Army, and he probably would have suf­ try. They must be stopped. Otherwise the chairman of the Committee on Edu­ ficient authority to supply armed forces we shall simply be under the dictator­ cation and Labor and the acting chair­ to protect the property of the mines, and ship of John L. Lewis, who does not rep­ man of the Committee on Military Af­ things of that kind. resent the miners or the working men, fairs. I should like to say to him that This measure is not introduced by the but represents merely himself: It seeins in both committees we still have some Senator from Texas simply to meet the to me that he has gone away beyond the rather troublesome amendments; and present situation. I think it is a sound pale. He has gone so far that it is abso­ we should like to be able to send those principle and I think it ought to be on lutely necessary for the Government, if over to the Judiciary Committee, too, if the statute books for use in any similar it is to continue in business, to take a he is willing. emergency with which the Nation may strong stand. I hope the President of I should say, however, out of respect be confronted. The Senator from Oregon the United States will take a strong especially for the Committee on Educa­ did me the honor to mention the fact stand; I believe he will; but, at all events, tion and Labor, that we have not the that I introduced a similar amendment Congress must take such a stand, be­ great mass of labor bills that the public back in June, when the present situation cause we ourselves have a duty in this seems to think we have before us. as to coal was not in existence; but, to matter. I desire to state to the Sen­ There is one bill which has been con­ meet the objection of Senators who say, ator from Texas that I, for one, will join sidered for some time, a bill introduced "We do not want the GovernmerJt step­ him in doing everything in the world that by the Senator from Minnesota [Mr. ping in," I ask, Who is there to step in I can do to get out from under the dicta­ BALL], on which there have been hear­ but the Government of the United States torship of John L. Lewis. ings, although the subcommittee has not when the parties do not agree? Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I made a report, and for which bill a The primary thing is to keep the fac­ thank the Senator from Tennessee for substitute has already been offered by tory running. Trying some man a year his agreement with these views, and for the Senator from Minnesota. In the from next September in a criminal dis­ his strong and able support. . last week the Senator from New Hamp­ trict court, with a shrewd lawyer to rep­ Mr. President, I believe that the mass shire [Mr. BRIDGES] introduced a bill, resent him, will not keeJj the factory run­ of the laboring men of the United and the Senator from Iowa [Mr. HER­ ning on November 17, 1941. If the fac­ States--even those who belong to .the RING] offered a resolution, which two tory is to run at all when the parties can­ unions-and make their own living by measures are now under consideration. not agree, the Government will have to doing their own work at their own jobs, They have been -referred to the proper step in and say, "I will run this factory." are not in sympathy with this self-styled subcommittees. Therefore, so far as the It has a right to say to Mr. Employer, dictator and regnant sovereign of the labor bills in the Committee on Educa- 1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8925 tion and Labor are concerned, we are tives ot capital, are considered the tradi­ inclined to challenge the very principle of pretty well up to date. tional foes of labor. There are two other unionism than even the businessmen's group. Mr. SCHWARTZ. Did the Chair say groups, far more potent in numbers, whose More than 25,000 people have been inter­ attitude makes the labor-union problem of viewed in recent years on the question "Are that the order sending the bill to the dealing with the public doubly serious. They you in favor of labor unions?" The latest Committee on the Judiciary was made are the farmers and the white-collar workers. trend study, based.on 6,100 interviews, shows before -the bill was introduced? Together with the businessmen, they form the the following vote by occupational groups. The PRESIDING OFFICER. No. The three main groups in the voting population "Are you in favor of labor unions?" Chair is informed by the Parliamentarian most critical of unionism today. that the bill was introduced under the No understanding of public opinion on Percent regular order of "Introduction of bills and labor is complete without a knowledge of the variation in attitude by occupational groups. joint resolutions," and on the request of Four years ago, for example, the institute Yes No the Senator from Texas was referred to pointed out that farmers were, on the whole, the Committee ·an the Judiciary. one of the groups most hostile toward labor Farmers __ ------52 48 Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, at unions. This important fact was later mani­ Businessmen ______------___ _ 66 34 White collar __ ------·------69 31 the time of the introduction of the bill it fested in the -Hershey, Pa., strike, in which ProfessionaL ______77 23 farmers stormed a chocolate factory and held Skilled workers ______was impossible for me to make a state­ Unskilled. ______75 25 ment because of the rule prohibiting de­ a pitched battle with the strikers. 71 29 Current public-opinion polls reveal the sig­ bate during the morning hour, but I nificant fact that the farmers are as strong Average national vote ••••••. 67 33 asked that the bill be referred to the for union curbs as businessmen themselves Committee on the Judiciary. are, and that the hope of a natural tie-up In contrast to old-fashioned straw polls, Mr. SCHWARTZ. I happen to be a between labor and farmer-a hope r f many which reliecf for their accuracy on the number member of the Committee on Education liberals-is no more likely at the present time of persons polled, the institute relies for ac­ and Labor and of the Committee on than a natural tie-up between labor unions curacy upon the principle of selecting a true Military Affairs; and as we are very ·busy and Wall Street. cross-section of the votins population. Voters These facts are revealed in an analysis of in the cross-section are polled not by mail, with much valuable and important legis­ the vote of occupational groups in the voting but through face-to-face interviews con­ lation, I am glad the distinguished Sen­ population in a series of institute surveys on ducted by a staff of 1,100 field reporters. ator from Texas has taken his own bill to labor unions and the defense strikes. In all, Using the sampling method, the institute his own committee. 17,183 persons in all walks of life were inter­ was able to foretell the results of the 1940 Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Senator viewed by a Nation-wide staff of field reporters Presidential election with an average State­ very much. It is very agreeable to know on the following· issue: by-State error of only 2.4 percent. that, while there has been much discus­ Should the Government :forbid strikes in The reliability of the scientific sampling defense industries, or should the workers in method has been demonstrated many times sion, the Senator is satisfied. those industries continue to have the right to not only in the field of public-opinion re­ Mr. ANDREWS subsequently said: go on strike? search but also in the field of medicine, en­ Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent The results by chief occupational groups, giooering, and all the social sciences. to have inserted in the RECORD, as part shown below, clearly indicate where labor Even the United States Census Bureau now of my remarks, immediately following unions have their most diffi.cult public-rela­ makes extensive use of sampling techniques the remarks of the Senator from Texas tions task. iu its studies of the population character­ [Mr. CONNALLY] on the question of the VOTE BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS istics. right of defense worker.s to strike, the The Gallup poll has interviewed 17,183 TAX ON EXPORTS FROM THE PHILIPPINES latest poll taken by Dr. Gallup. The poll persons on whether or not defense strikes should be forbidden by law. The number of Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ is entirely up-to-date, as it was given dent, in the necessary absence of the to the press only last Saturday. votes, with percentages, are: Persons saying defense strikes senior Senator from Maryland [Mr. While we do not necessarily legislate should be forbidden: TYDINGS]. the distinguished chairman of in accordance with the results obtained Num- Per- the Committee on Territories artd Insu­ by polls, most of us are anxious to· know Farnaers ______2,526ber cent78 lar Affairs, I ask unanimous consent at how· the laboring people themselves this time for the immediate consideration stand on the proposition of whether Businessmen----r-·------1, 585 78 White collar ______2, 303 72 of Senate bill 1623. In this connection I workers in defense industries should have should like -to say that I have spoken to the right to strike. The direct question Professional------·------914 67 Skilled workers ______2, 440 64 . the minority leader and to the acting was asked, "Should the Government for­ Vnskilled workers ______1, 178 63 majority leader about the consideration bid strikes in defense industries, or Persons saying defense strikes of the bill. should the workers in those industries should not be forbidden: Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, may I -continue to have the right to go on Farmers______438 13 ask the Senator a question? strike?'' Buslne.ssmen ______,______358 17 · Mr. CLARK of MissoUii. I am glad to r The results of. the poll are as follows: . White collar______721 - 22 yield. ProfessionaL------·------366 27 Persons saying defense strikes should be Skilled workers ______._____ 1, 096 29 Mr. ADAMS. My inquiry is directed to forbidden: · Unskilled workers______493 27 the question whether the sugar situation Percent is in any way touched by the bill. I no­ Farmers______78 Undecided: Farnaers ______~------·280 9 tice that section 2 of the bill refers to Businessmen------78 White collar______72 Businessmen------·------99 5 ·Progressive reductions in quotas, and they Professional______67 White collar______197 6 are to be postponed for a year. I have Professional ______.______78 6 had no opportunity to consider the bill. Skilled workers______64 Skilled workers______264 7 Unskilled workers______63 Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I may say Unskilled workers______192 10 to the Senator from Colorado that all I ask unanimous consent that the en­ As the accompanying table indicates, the the exports from the Philippines are con­ tire article be printed in the RECORD as institute poJl was conducted among a sample trolled by the export-tax provisions with a part of my remarks, to follow im­ or cross-section of the total voters in each the exception of four, as I recall-cigars, mediately the statement of the Senator group. Each group was polled in proportion scrap . tobacco, coconut oil, and buttons from Texas [Mr. CONNALLY]. to its numbers in the total voting population. of pearl or shell-all of which articles If, instead of poll1ng a cross-section, the There being no objection, the article institute had polled all the millions of people are in a separate category, controlled by was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, in each occupational group, the statistical diminishing quotas, for reasons which as follows: chances are 997 in 1,000 that the vote for any Congress has heretofore seen fit to re­ [From the Washington Post of Sunday, one group would not have varied by more gard. November 16, 1941) than 4 percent from the results shown in the If the Senator from Colorado will per­ THE GALLuP PoLL---FARMERS, WORKERS OPPOSE accompanying table. mit me to explain, the only purpose of DEFENSE STRIKES Even more dramatic evidence of the sharp the ,measure I am now asking to have difference in attitude by occupational groups (By George Gallup) is the vote on another poll question: "Are considered is to provide the Philippine PRINCETON, N. J., November 15.-The chief you in favor of labor unions?" Commonwealth a breathing space, so to public-relations problem of American labor This shows that only a bare majority of speak, in view of world conditions over unions today lies not merely in the hostility farmers-52 percent-believe in having labor which the Philippine government has no of ~erican businessmen, who, as representa- unions at all. In tact~ farmers are fM more control, but for which to some extent 8926 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE NOVEMBER 17 because of its own exigencies, the Gov­ mittee, and is very. much interested in possible to the United States, and that ernment of the United States has been sugar, and I am very certain he will during this transition period the United responsible. agree with my statement on that subject. States can well afford to r-esolve against The Tydings-McDuffie Act, which was Mr. ELLENDER. I w.as occupied at itself any question of hardship ·on the the successor of the Hawes-Cutting Act the moment and did not hear the Sen­ basis of the ordinary, familiar, legal providing for Philippine independence, ator's statement. principle involved in the relationship be­ provided for complete independence of Mr. ADAMS. The only application of tween guardian and ward. the Philippines from the United States. the bill to sugar, then, would be post­ Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, will in 1946. In order that the economic re­ poning for a year the application of the the Senator from Missouri yield? adjustment at that time might not be export taxes, which begin at 5 percent Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I yield. too severe,- it was provided by the of the United States tax. Mr. DANAHER. I thank the Senator. Tydings-McDuffie Act, adopted in 1934, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. It merely Does the Senator recall that about 5 or 6 that on the acceptance of the terms of postpones the application of the tax for weeks ago Army authorities came before the act by a plebiscite of the people of a little more than a year. the Committee on Territories and Insular · the Philippine Islands, there should go Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I am a Affairs and stressed the urgency for the into effect a system of gradual adjust­ member of the Committee on Territories adoption of Senate bill 1629, a bill which ments providing for an export tax, for and Insular Affairs. Originally it was would allocate to defense purposes the the purpose of leading up gradually, so proposed that the exemption be to the proceeds of the export tax so far col­ far as possible, to the conditions which end of 1941, but, due to the delay in lected? would exist when independence went bringing the proposed legislation before Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I very well into full effect in 1946. • the Senate, it was thought best to make recall that. The act, and the agreement between the effective date December 31, 1942. Mr. DANAHER. Does the Senator re­ the Philippine people and the people of Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The state­ call further that when the bill came be­ 'the United States, had in view adjust­ ment of the Senator from New Mexico is fore the Senate, recognizing the. urgency, ments to normal world trade conditions. eminently correct. Let me say further . as expressed by the Army authorities, we Since the time tne act was passed a very that, so far as I am individually con­ inserted a section repealing the act which abnormal condition has been created in cerned, and so far as the expressed opin­ had been passed in 1934 authorizing an the world through the existence of World ions of a great majority of the Commit­ appropriation to measure the gold profit War No. 2. · It has particularly affected tee on Territories and Insular Affairs allegedly lost by the Philippines? the Philippine people, because With the show, if any of us had believed for one Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I recall that Philippines a possession of the United moment that the enactment of the law very well. 'states, it has been impossible for the could have been taken as any encourage­ Mr. DANAHER. Does the Senator .Philippines to trade freely with any other ment either to American residents in the know what has happened to that bill in people in the world except the people Philippine Islands or the people of the all the weeks which have intervened since ·of the United States. They have had Philippine Islands, or anyone else. who that emergent necessity was set forth no shipping of tbeir own, and have been may be interested in our changing or re­ to us? unable to avail themselv€s of any alien pudiating the poiicy ·of the Tydings­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I can only shipping except by the consent of the McDuffie Act as to ultimate independence say to the Senator from Connecticut that United States. in 1946, it would not have received· a the measure is still pending in the House In the present emergency, which has single vote in the ·committee on Terri­ of Representatives, over whose procedure existed for the last 2 years, the United tories and Insular Affairs. For that rea­ I have no control and with which I am States Government, for reasons of .its son, Mr. President, the committee in­ not intimately familiar, although I at­ own-entirely justifiable reasons-has sisted on writing into the bill an amend­ tend its meetings on important occasions, been unable to afford the P€OPle of the ment specifically warning all concerned as I did last Thursday. Philippines sufficient shipping in which that this bill involves no change whatever Mr. DANAHER. I will say to the Sen­ to export their own products in an in the policy of the United States with ator from Missouri, if he will yield further orderly manner so as to lead up to inde­ regard to complete independence in 1946. for a moment-:-- pendence in 1946. Therefore, on the Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, what the Mr. CLARK of ·Missouri. I shall be recommendation of every Government Senator from Missouri has stated is cor·­ glad to ~·ield to the Senator from Con­ department concerned which has been rect. The Committee on Territories and necticut. consulted about the bill, on the very Insular Affairs had no idea whatsoever · Mr. DANAHER. That at that time we urgent representations of the Philippine of changing the policy enunciated in the recognized, as the Senator has so ably Commonwealth, the Committee on Ter­ Tydings-McDuffie Act. What the com­ explained, the need for our being of as­ ritories and Insular Affairs unanimously mittee had in mind was to bring about sistance to tide over the Philippines in recommended the bill to which I hav€ the necessary relief because of the fact these times of economic stress. been referring. that the people of the Philippines · had We recognized then that we should not All the bill does is to suspend the im­ commodities to export, but, due to the disturb the $34,000,000 which bad ac­ position of the export tax until Decem­ policy of the United States, bottoms were crued under the export tax, and we were ber 31, 1942. Originally the period was unable to get to the Philippine Islands leaving that fund there specifically for 1 year, but because of delay in the con­ and transport the commodities. There­ its proper use in 1946. But let me say to sideration of the bill the committee saw fore it was necessary that this relief be the Senator from Missouri · that also fit to change the effectiv~ day of the given . . by our repealer we expressly disclaimed expiration of the act to December 31, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Let me say any intention of aut horizing the use of 1942. The bill suspends the imposition further that it was the view of the com­ the Treasury of the United States of the export tax for the purpose of mittee, as it is the view of the United through which to pay a profit, so-called, affording the Filipino P€OPle a breath­ States Government, I am sure, that the to the Commonwealth of the Philippines ing space. relationship which has hitherto existed because of the passage of the Gold Pur­ Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, if I un­ between the people of the Philippine chase Act in 1934. derstand correctly the Senator's state­ Islands and the people of the United Having that purpose in mind, I now ment, there is no gradually reduced States should be dissolved in 1946 in ac­ ask the Senator from Missouri if he be­ quota applicable to sugar. There are cordance with the Tydings-McDuffie Act. lieves the passage of both bills might be four other products to which the quota But it was further the view of our com­ secured if the bill under discussion were restrictions apply. mittee, and I think it should be the view to be held up for a reasonable period un­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. My under­ of Congress, that, in view of the fact that til that other bill is brought up for con­ standing is, and the very clear under­ for 40 years, without any volition on their sideration in the House? I am not op­ standing of the committee, I think, un­ part, the Philippines and the United posed to the pending bill, the Senato1· questionably is, that the question of re­ States have occupied toward each other understands. duced quotas has nothing whatever to do the position of ward and guardian, our Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ with sugar. The Senator from Louisiana parting with the Philippines should be on dent, answering the Senator from Con­ [Mr. ELLEliDER] is a member of the com- the most friendly and honorable terms necticut, I will say that I do not believe 1941 " CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8927 so. Not speaking for the House of Rep­ PATRICK MORGAN AND DANIEL CLARK It becomes important to make some resentatives, but ·merely expressing an­ Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I ask amendments to the act by reason of the offhand . opinion, I do not believe the unanimous consent for the present con­ fact that in the meantime other legisla­ House of Representatives is partic1.,1lariy sideration of ·House bill 2587, Calendar tion has been enacted, and also because interested in the first bill we passed. I No. 868. By way of explanation I will amendments are desired by the depart­ think that bill shotJld be enacted into say that I .spoke to the majority and ments, which amendments meet with the law and I think it should be enacted into minority leaders about this measure; and full approval of the Committee on Mines law in the form substantially in which no objection has been urged by them td and Mining. I should like very much to it was passed by the Senate. In ·other­ the bill. The purpose of the bill is sim­ obtain consideration of the bill at this words, as between the Senate ·provision ply to confirm a land title to certain time. and the form in which I understand it lands in south Louisiana in the names of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there has been reported from the House com­ Patrick Morgan and' Daniel Clark. · objection to the present consideration ot mittee, I am very much in favor of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the bill? . . Senate provision. I do not think, how­ objection to the request of the Senator Mr. ADAMS. Mr. President, I should ever, it is justifiable to hold up anothel~ from Louisiana? like to have a little more information measure entirely separate and distinct There being no objection, the Senate about the bill. The Senator stated that from the one to which the Senator from proceeded to consider the.bill

1941 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 8929 into effect unless Congress were to de­ there was omitted on page 4, in lil)e 7, a The reason for my inquiry is that in clare the existence of a state of war. portion of the amendment adopted by the the making of some major explosives Mr. ADAMS. That is correct. committee, inserting a comma after the cotton is used as one of the bases. Sulfur Mr. SCHWARTZ. In the absence of word "Commission", and adding the is used in making some old-time explo­ su0h affirmative declaration by Congress, words "or regulations of the Secretary sives. Would the bill force people to get the act would not go into effect, as I of Commerce." I now move that amend­ a license to handle cotton or sulfur? understand. ment to the amendment. Mr. SCHWARTZ. There is in the bill Mr. ADAMS. That is correct. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without a provision that when the ingredients are Mr. SCHWARTZ. I cannot accept objection, the vote by which the commit­ not used or intended for explosive pur­ that amendment, and I hope the amend­ tee amendment was agreed to will be re­ poses the act will not apply. ment will not be agreed to. considered; and, without objection, the Mr. ADAMS. I know there is a provi­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment offered by the Senator from sion at the bottom of page 3 with refer­ question is on agreeing to the amend­ Wyoming to the committee amendment ence to small quantities of such materials. ment proposed by the Senator from Colo­ is agreed to. Mr. SCHWARTZ. That is what I had rado [Mr. ADAMS], on page 14, line 22 Without objection, the committee reference to. The amendment was agreed to. amendment, as amended, is agreed to. Of course, the act would not apply, The PRESIDING OFFICER. .The The clerk will state the next committee and is not intended to a:pply, to raw clerk will state the amendments reported amendment. materials which might be treated and by the Committee on Mines and Mining. The next amendment was, on page 6, become ingredients in the manufacture The first amendment of the Committee line 10, to strike out "(g)" and insert of explosives, and I do not think there is on Mines and Mining was, in section 2, "(e).'' any chance of its ever having any such paragraph ( 1) , on page 2, line 17, to strike The amendment was agreed to. construction as that. out "The term 'explosive' or 'explosives' The next amendment was, on page 6, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Action shall not include cartridges for small after line 12, to insert: on the committee amendments has been arms or shotguns", and insert "The term Nothing contained in this act shall be completed. The bill is open to further 'explosive' or 'explosives' shall not include construed as requiring a license under this amendment. cartridges for small arms or shotguns, act for the exportation or importation of If there be no further amendment, the explosives or ingredients, license for which question is on the engrossment of the or such fireworks or signaling devices is required under the provisions of the joint as one designated by the Director, nor resolution of Congress approved January 31, amendments and the third reading of the shall such terms include ships' signal or 1922 ( 42 Stat. 361), the joint resolution of bill. emergency equipment." Congress approved November 4, 1939 (54 The amendments were ordered to be Mr. SCHWARTZ. Mr. President, in Stat. 4), or the act of Congress approved engrossed and the bill to be read a third the committee amendment, on page 2, July 2, 1940 (54 Stat. 712), or any proclama­ time. in line 21, there is a typographical error. tion or regulation i&Sued pursuant thereto: The bill

Alvin C. Brunson to be postmaster at NEW YORK PosTMASTERS Mangham, La., in place of A. C. Brunson. A. Alexander Matson to be postmaster at Incumbent's commission expired June 2,1941. NEW YORK Lake Ronkonkoma, N. Y., in place of G. I. Mary T. Goenren, Ardsley. August L. Chappuis to be postmaster at Gehweiler, resigned. Rayne, La., in place of J. C. Arceneaux, John Rewey Ford, Berkshire. Thomas P. Ward to be postmaster at Sara­ Marjorie E. Dicki.nson, Bridgehampton. removed. nac Lake, N. Y., in place of D. S. Foster, de­ Minnie Jewel Perry to be postmaster at George G. Taylor, Canaan. Ringgold, La., in place of M. J. Perry. In­ ceased. James O'Doherty, Central Islip. cumbent's commission expired March 31, NORTH CAROLINA C. Leon Ryel, Copenhagen. 1941. Bonnie E. Henderson to be postmaster at Emily C. Squires, Hampton Bays. Frank Godfrey Rieger to be postmaster at Huntersville, N. C., in place of B. E. Hender­ Joseph E. Downs, Islip. Scotlandville, La., in place of F. G. Rieger. son. Incumbent's commission expired Au­ Timothy E. Driscoll, Kauneonga Lake. Incumbent's commission expired July 30, gust 14, 1941. George W. Millicker, Mahopac Falls. 1941. Grace Freeman to be postmaster at Mar­ Sarah E. Austin, Patterson. MAINE shall, N. C., in place of W. W. McDevitt, re­ Rosemary Hearn, Port Byron. Merle R. Pitman to be postmaster at Lovell, signed. Edward D. Bradley, Pottersvme. Maine. Office became Presidential July 1, Henry Folger to be postmaster at Mount Thomas W. Smith, West Winfield. 1941. Airy, N. C., in place of Henry Folger. Incum­ Frances H. Courtney, Wilmington. MARYLAND bent's commission expired August 23, 1941. OHIO Earla V. Newman to be postmaster at Belts­ William G. Egerton to be postmaster at Sa­ Oliver Perry McDaniel, Carey. ville, Md., in place of E. V. Newman. Incum­ luda, N. C., in place of C. 0 . Cooper, removed. Clarence Hicks, Chesapeake. bent's commission expired July 28, 1941. NORTH DAKOTA John Whitman, Continental. Samuel Gilbert Townshend, Jr., to be post­ Edna H. Burgett to be postmaster at Flax­ Vern C. Wallace, East Canton. master at Brandywine, Md., in place of S. G. ton, N. Dak., in place of L. A. Bird, removed. Alice L. Wyllner, Lagrange. Townshend, Jr. Incumbent's commission ex­ John H. Case to be postmaster at Wishek, Clayton G. Roshon, Reynoldsburg. 13, 1941. pired August N Dak., in place of J . H. Case. Incumbent's RHODE ISLAND Grover C. Kirn to be postmaster at Jes­ commission expired June 18, 1939. sups, Md., in place of G. C. Kirn. Incum­ Matthew A. Moran, Block Island. bent's commiSsion expired July 28, 1941. OHIO Mary E. Feeley, Oakland Beach. James Albert Roney to be postmaster at John I. Miller to be postmaster at Van TEXAS North East, Md., in place of J. A. Roney. In­ Wert, Ohio, in place of J. I. Miller. Incum­ Alvis L. Gilliam, Bellmead. cumbent's commiSsion expired August 13, bent's commission expired August 19, 1941. Arnold S. Clewis, Grapeland. 1941. OKLAPOMA Robert B. Jackson, Hico. George R. ' Bromley to be postmaster at Dudley C. Allsup to be postmaster at Wil­ Leo C. Neutzler, N0rdheim. Stockton, Md. Office became Presidential Arthur J. Terry, Petersburg. July 1, 1941. low, Okla., in place of D. C. Allsup. Incum­ bent's commission expired June 3, 1940. Raymond A. Crawford, Solman City. MASSACHUSETI'S Fey B. Steadman, Trent. Elise L. Dunham to be postmaster at Bass OREGON River, Mass., in place of Elise Dunham. In­ Henry W. Anderson to be postmaster at cumbent's commission expired July 27, 1941. Tillamook, Oreg., lu place of L. E. Hammer, Edward H. Leary to be postmaster at Mid­ removed. dleton, Mass., in place of E. H. Leary. In­ PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cumbent's commission expired August 23, Viola DeFino to be postmaster at Adah, Pa., 1941. in place of Michael Heffren, Jr., transferred. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1941 MICHIGAN TEXAS John Kennedy to be postmaster at Carson­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon and ville, Mich., in place of John Kennedy. In­ Mary McMurrey to be postmaster at Cold­ was called to order by the Speaker. cumbent's commission expired July 29, 1941. spring, Tex. Office became Presidential July 1, 1940. The Reverend James Shera Montgom­ Edward M. Page to be postmaster at Grand ery, D. D., offered the following prayer: Blanc, Mich., in place of P. 0. Embury, · Thomas L. Satterwhite to be postmaster at resigned. Coolidge, Tex., in place of T. L. Satterwhite. They that wait upon the Lord shall Guy H. Kuhn to be postmaster at Gregory, Incumbent's commission expired August 23, renew their strength-we praise Thee, Mich. Office became Presidential July 1, 1941. 1941. Ameta C. McGloin to be postmaster at Heavenly Father, that we have such a Marguerite J. Moore to be postmaster at refuge. By all that is wisest in Thy Linwood, Mich. Office became Presidential Corpus Christi, Tex. in place of Gilbert Mc­ July 1, 1941. Gloin, deceased. promises and tenderest in Thy teaching Arleigh B. Beebe to be postmaster at Mont­ George W. Dear to be postmaster r t Troup, do Thou encourage us to come to Thee. rose, Mich., in place of W. D. Leach, resigned. Tex., in place of B. L. Sallee. Incumbent's Let the clouds teach us; by the griefs do co~mission expired February 20, 1941. Thou guide us, by the hardships do Thou MINNESOTA UTAH strengthen us, and by the pains do Thou Keith S. Crawley to be postmaster at Alpha, Minn. Office became Presidential July 1, 1941. Lyman Baker to he postmaster at Eureka, pity us. As we labor for t.he cherished Utah., in place of Lyman Baker. Incumbent's James A. Boyle to be postmaster at De Graff, freedom sought by our forefathers, bless commission expired June 25, 1940. Minn. Office became Presidential July 1, 1941. us with the upward look and the inward Ruth I. Underdahl to be postmaster at Med­ VIRGINIA light as whirlwinds of hate and rebellion ford, Minn., in place of R. R. Green, trans­ Henry H. Dickenson to be postmaster at are shaking the world. With hands and ferred. Lebanon, Va., in place of H. H. Dickenson. hearts united, with determination Mary L. O'Boyle to be postmaster at St. Paul Incumbent's commission expired July 30, abounding, make us humble and strong, Park, Minn., in place of M. W. O'Boyle, de­ 1941. as Thy way goes on for the best of all. ceased. Elizabeth S. Davies to he postmaster at With obedient grace, we pray that the Philip A. Weis to be postmaster at Sartell, Manassas, Va., in place of H. T. Davies, Jr., we~ght of diversity may be lessened and Minn. Office became Presidential July 1, 1941. resigned. softened; that souls may be calm and MISSOURI WISCONSIN united as they accept their just portion Georgia Sue Manning to be postmaster at Paul Mlodzik to be postmaster at Cudahy, of sacrifice and service, laboring for that Herculaneum, Mo., in place of J. V. ·Cassiedy, Wis., in place of Paul Mlrdzik. Incumbent's cherished freedom sought by our fore­ removed. commission expired August 6, 1941. fathers. Gracious God, in this hour William S. Moore to be postmaster at War­ with its urgent needs of hope, faith, and rensburg, Mo., in place of A. T. King, removed. CONFffiMATIONS forebearance, we pray for charity toward NEW HAMPSHIRE human wants, human deeds, and human Leon H. Watt to be postmaster at Goffs­ Executive nominations confirmed by opinions, while on the brow of our coun­ town, N. H., in place of L. H. Watt. Incum­ ·the Senate November 17, 1941: try is the symbol of its future-the bright bent's commission expired April 6, 1941. MARINE CORPS and the morning star. 0 do Thou mark NEW JERSEY TO BE BRIGADIER GENERALS FOR TEMPORARY the way for our President, our Speaker, Frank A. Hynes to bf postmaster at North SERVICE FROM NOVEMBER 7, 1941 the Congress, and all others clothed with Bergen, N. J., in place of F . A. Hynes. In­ Charles D. Barrett authority. Thine shall be the praise~ cumbent's commission expired August 2, 1941. Joseph C. Fegan Through Christ. Amen.