EXPERIMENT 11

PREPARATION OF MAPS WITH IMPORTANT COAL AND OILFIELDS IN

INDIA

Structure ______

11.1 Introduction 11.4 Indian Oilfields Expected Skills 11.5 Laboratory Exercises 11.2 Requirements 11.6 References 11.3 Indian Coal Deposits

11.1 INTRODUCTION

In the previous experiment you have prepared maps showing distribution of important metallic and non-metallic deposits of . In this experiment, you will identify the important Gondwana and Tertiary coalfields and also recognise lignite deposits in the Indian map. Further we will also familiarise you with the distribution of some important oilfields of India. You will locate and plot coal and oil fields in the map of India. Before starting this experiment make sure that you have read Unit 15 Coal and Petroleum of BGYCT-133 course. Major coalfields of country are situated in Damodar, , Godavari and Son-Narmada valleys. In India Coal deposits mainly found in various parts of the country which includes Jharkhand, West Bengal, , , , Orissa, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Jammu. In India basically 26 petroliferous sedimentary basins have been identified. They are situated at Cambay, Mumbai offshore, Rajasthan, Krishna Godavari, Assam area.

Expected Skills______

After completing this experiment, you would be able to: BGYCL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………-134 Cryatallography, Mineralogy and Economic Geology: Laboratory  list and plot the Gondwana and Tertiary coalfields in the Indian map;  list and plot the lignite deposits in the Indian map; and  list and plot the oilfields in the Indian map.

11.2 REQUIREMENTS

To perform this experiment successfully you require the following:  Paper  Pencil/coloured pencil  Pen  Eraser  Ruler  Blank maps of India with state boundary demarcated  Laboratory file

Instructions: You are required to study Units 15 of BGYCT-133 course (Crystallography, Mineralogy and Economic Geology) before performing this experiment. Bring this practical manual along with Block 4 of BGYCT- 133 course while attending the Practical Counselling session.

11.3 INDIAN COAL DEPOSITS

You have been provided map of India with states demarcated. Now mark the districts or places with coalfields on the map of India. Take help of the atlas while marking the localities. The map in Fig. 11.1 will provide you the locations of coalfields in the Indian states. Try to find out the states which possess rich deposits of coal. Take a blank map of India (with demarcated states boundaries) and mark the coalfields statewise. Find out the state which is very rich in coal deposit. On the basis of occurrence of coal deposits relative to geological age, coal deposits of India are classified into two groups: Gondwana Coals and Tertiary Coals. (i) Gondwana Coals: About 98 percent of annually produced comes from the formations of the Lower Gondwana sequence (200 million years old) of the Permian age. The Lower Gondwana coals are mainly of bituminous type. The major coalfields are listed below:  is in district of Jharkhand and is regarded as the most important coalfields of India.  Bokaro Coalfield is spreading about 65 km from east to west and 10 to 16 km from north to south of Bokaro District of Jharkhand.  is one of the largest coalfields of the country. Most of the coalfields are in the Raniganj area in Burdwan district in West Bengal and extended to adjoining areas of Jharkhand.

158 …Experiment..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Preparation of Maps with important Coal and Oilfields in India

Fig. 11.1: Map showing major Gondwana coalfields of India. (Prepared by Rohit Kumar)  is one of the most important coalfields of Madhya Pradesh. It lies partly in Madhya Pradesh and partly in mostly in the basin of the .  is the most important coalfield of and is in Angul district of Odisha.  Coalfield is located in Jharkhand. Coal basins namely Hura, Chuperbhita, Pachwara, Mahuagarhi and Brahmani comprising the .  is located in in the region of Maharashtra.

159 BGYCL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………-134 Cryatallography, Mineralogy and Economic Geology: Laboratory (ii) Tertiary Coals: These coals are best developed in north-eastern states and a number of coal occurrences are reported. These coals are found in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh. You have marked Gondwana coalfields on the map of India. Now let us plot Tertiary coalfields.  Tertiary coal of Assam is spread in Makum, Nazira, Mikir Hills, Dilli- Jeypore and Lakhuni.  Meghalaya, coal deposits occur in the areas of Khasi Jaintia and Mikir hills. Darrangiri, Siju, Maolong.  Coal deposits of Arunachal Pradesh occur at Namchik-Namphuk.

Fig. 11.2: Map showing major Tertiary Coalfields of India. (Prepared by Rohit Kumar)

11.4 INDIAN OILFIEDS

You have learned to plot coalfields. Now you will mark important oilfields on the map of India provided. Take help of the atlas while marking the localities. The

160 …Experiment..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Preparation of Maps with important Coal and Oilfields in India map in Fig. 11.3 will provide you the locations of oilfields in the Indian states. Try to find out the states which possess rich deposits of petroleum. Take a blank map of India (with demarcated states boundaries) and mark the coalfields statewise. Find out the state which is very rich in petroleum. Some of the important oil reserves are found in Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan (Fig. 11.3). In Assam, oil is from Digboi, Naharkatiya, Moran, Rudrasagar and Lakwa oil fields. Some of the well-known oil fields of Western India are: Ankleshwar oilfield in Gujarat, Mumbai High (Arabian Sea offshore) oilfields SW of Maharashtra, Cambay oilfield, Kalol oilfield. Potential oil/gas fields are also located in Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal. Some of the important oilfields are:  Digboi Oilfield is situated in a part of the Naga Hills in the north-eastern part of India. The oil field occupies 13 km2 area of Tinsukia district and occurs in Tipam sandstone in an anticlinal trap.

Fig. 11.3: Distribution of major oilfields in India. (Prepared by Rohit Kumar)  Cambay Oilfield is situated in Gujarat and in the Cambay-Kalol area north of the Gulf of Cambay and lies about 8 km north-west of the Cambay city. The other oil producing fields are: Kalol oil field, Sanand oil

161 BGYCL…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………-134 Cryatallography, Mineralogy and Economic Geology: Laboratory field, Nawagam oilfield. These oilfields are situated in the north of the .  Ankleshwar Oilfield is situated about 81km SSW of Baroda, South of the Narmada river.  Coastal Oilfields located along the East Coast of the Peninsular India include: Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Coastal areas of Orissa. Ravva oilfield in the Krishna-Godavari basin is one of the important oilfields located in Pradesh. Mumbai High is another important offshore oilfield located165 kilometres off the coast of Mumbai.

11.5 LABORATORY EXERCISES

 Exercise 1: Identify and label Gondwana Coalfields of India in the map of India given in Fig. 11.4.

 Exercise 2: Label the Tertiary Coalfields of India in the map of India given in Fig. 11.5.

 Exercise 3: Label any ten major Oilfields of India in the map of India given in Fig. 11.5.

 Exercise 4: Identify Gondwana and Tertiary coalfields of India from Fig. 11.1 and 11.2 and prepare a list of the Gondwana and Tertiary coalfields.

11.6 REFERENCES

 Levorsen, A.I. (1985) Geology of Petroleum, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Shahdara, Delhi 110032, India, 3-51p.  Prasad, U. (1996) Economic Geology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi 110032, India, 164-177p.  Unit 15 of BGYCT-133 course (Crystallography, Mineralogy and Economic Geology).

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Fig. 11.4: Political map of India.

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