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Fad, Fact Or Fiction Fad, Fact or Fiction: Exploring the Research on Fad Diets Lindsey Fishering MS RD CNSC Objectives --List redeeming qualities and potential risks of popular diets --Identify fact based sources for reviewing nutrition/diet trends --Develop evidence-based nutrition interventions that incorporate patient preferences Agenda FAD DIETS ○ Ketogenic ○ Paleolithic ○ Intermittent Fasting ○ Low Carb; High Protein Evidence-Based Interventions for Weight Management Resources for clinicians Ketogenic Diet Origins: Early 1920 diet; trials of ketogenic diet as treatment for epilepsy in children Phased out after Phenytoin = treatment of choice Keto Diet “Formula” = 1 gm protein per kilogram of body weight= (20% daily intake) 10-15 gm carbs per day = (13% daily intake) Remainder of diet comes from fat= (70% daily intake) Pros and Cons Pros: Evidence based for epilepsy in children; glycemic management Cons: Keto Flu, possible electrolyte and nutrient deficiencies, gut health, increased risk for dehydration, gout, kidney stones, OP...and most important….not sustainable Paleolithic Diet Origins: Anthropologists study of hunter-gatherers vs agriculture/farming diets Popularized in 2010; Loren Cordain wrote a book “The Paleo Diet” Paleo Diet “Formula” = All the animal protein you want All the fruits and veggies you want No cereals, legumes, dairy, processed foods ~22% carbs, 34% protein, 48% fats Pros and Cons Pros: Satiating, encourages fruits, veggies, omega-3 and limits processed foods Cons: Discouraged consumption of dairy, whole grains, and legumes. Inadequate Ca+, requires a lot of time for food prep Intermittent Fasting: Version 1: Alternate between days of fasting (eating only 25% est. calorie needs) 2 -3 days per week Version 2: Whole day fasting 1 - 2 days per week of complete fasting Version 3: Time restricted feeding. Ex: eating only from noon- 8 pm. Pros and Cons Pros: Helps with calorie restriction, individualized, may have metabolic effects Cons: Sustainabilitiy, can be tricky with certain lifestyles or PMHx Low carb; High Protein: High protein diet “Formula “ =Basically, any diet composition that is >35% of daily intake from protein. --typically low in carbs as well Research= shows improvements in blood sugars and tryglycerides “ATKINS”; “PROTEIN POWER”; “SOUTH BEACH” Pros and Cons Pros: Satiety, mult versions for different preferences Cons: Sustainabilitiy, lack of fiber and micronutrients, typically diet ends up being pretty high in saturated fat intake MyPlate Mediterranean Diet for Heart Health Obesity is Heterogenous What Works??? ➔ Meal replacement ➔ Portion control ➔ Logging/tracking Resources ➔ The Nutrition Source--Harvard School of Public Health ➔ Nutrition and Dietetics SmartBrief emails ➔ “Clinical Guide to Popular Diets” crcpress ➔ Registered Dietitian Nutritionists References Treatment for overweight and obesity in adult populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis Leslea Peirson, James Douketis, Donna Ciliska, Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Muhammad Usman Ali, Parminder Raina CMAJ Open. 2014 Oct-Dec; 2(4): E306–E317. Published online 2014 Oct 1. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20140012 Effect of Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion: The DIETFITS Randomized Clinical Trial Christopher D. Gardner, John F. Trepanowski, Liana C. Del Gobbo, Michelle E. Hauser, Joseph Rigdon, John P. A. Ioannidis, Manisha Desai, Abby C. King JAMA. 2018 Feb 20; 319(7): 667–679. Published online 2018 Feb 20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.0245 Friday Feedback: Does Intermittent Fasting Have Merit? — Broad agreement that it can be effective, but with many caveats. by Alexandria Bachert MPH, Staff Writer, MedPage Today January 12, 2018 What Matters in Weight Loss? An In-Depth Analysis of Self-Monitoring.Stefanie Lynn Painter, Rezwan Ahmed, James O Hill, Robert F Kushner, Richard Lindquist, Scott Brunning, Amy Margulies J Med Internet Res. 2017 May; 19(5): e160. Published online 2017 May 12. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7457 Beyond weight loss: a review of the therapeutic uses of very-low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diet.A Paoli, A Rubini, J S Volek, K A GrimaldiEur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug; 67(8): 789–796. Published online 2013 Jun 26. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.116 The Effect of the Paleolithic Diet vs. Healthy Diets on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Małgorzata Jamka, Bartosz Kulczyński, Agata Juruć, Anna Gramza-Michałowska, Caroline S. Stokes, Jarosław Walkowiak. J Clin Med. 2020 Feb; 9(2): 296. Published online 2020 Jan 21. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020296 References Mediterranean Diet and Cardiodiabesity: A Review Elena García-Fernández, Laura Rico-Cabanas, Nanna Rosgaard, Ramón Estruch, Anna Bach-Faig Nutrients. 2014 Sep; 6(9): 3474–3500. Published online 2014 Sep 4. doi: 10.3390/nu6093474 Comparison of Commercial and Self-Initiated Weight Loss Programs in People With Prediabetes: A Randomized Control Trial David G. Marrero, Kelly N. B. Palmer, Erin O. Phillips, Karen Miller-Kovach, Gary D. Foster, Chandan K. Saha Am J Public Health. 2016 May; 106(5): 949–956. Published online 2016 May. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.303035 5. Low Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: What We Don’t Know and Why We Should Know It Heather Seid, Michael Rosenbaum Nutrients. 2019 Nov; 11(11): 2749. Published online 2019 Nov 12. doi: 10.3390/nu11112749 Effectiveness of a Total Meal Replacement Program (OPTIFAST Program) on Weight Loss: Results from the OPTIWIN Study Jamy D. Ard, Kristina H. Lewis, Amy Rothberg, Anthony Auriemma, Sally L. Coburn, Sarah S. Cohen, Judy Loper, Laura Matarese, Walter J. Pories, Seletha Periman Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019 Jan; 27(1): 22–29. Published online 2018 Nov 13. doi: 10.1002/oby.22303 Exploring The Research on Fad Diets. https://militaryfamilieslearningnetwork.org/event/52270/. Laura Andromalos, MS, RD, CSOWM, CDE Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2016; 9: 37–46.Published online 2016 Feb 26. Questions?? Assessing your Gym Session ➔ Duration ➔ Hydration Strenuous Exercise. Working out for more than 60 20 grams protein minutes. 2 hard boiled eggs; string cheese/ beef jerky/ scoop of nut butter and toast/high protein yogurt/ milk with scoop of protein powder. Hyrdation. Hydration is key: base hydration 30cc/kg. Additional fluid needed is usually 15-20ounces per hour depending on weather conditions. Story for illustration purposes only More than 50 million Americans travelled abroad in 2015 THAT’S MORE THAN THE POPULATION OF Tip When a number is too CALIFORNIA AND large or too small to easily comprehend, clarify it with a TEXAS COMBINED comparison to something familiar. Source: travel.trade.gov What people are saying With this app, I’m Visual translation Translate has confident to plan feels like magic officially inspired a trip to rural Ronny Reader, NYC me to learn Vietnam French Wendy Writer, CA Abby Author, NYC Quotes for illustration purposes only.
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