Chapter 1: Georgia TCSG Health and Safety

3 CE Hours

Copyright ©October 2002-2015 State of Georgia All rights reserved. Georgia. Developed for the Georgia State Board of Cosmetology No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form and the Georgia State Barber Board by the Technical College System or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, of Georgia Formerly the Georgia Department of Technical and Adult recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, Education (DTAE) Publication #C121002, Published December without written permission from the Technical College System of 2002, Revised November 2008.

COURSE TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: SKIN, DISEASES, DISORDERS ●● Anatomy and Histology of the Skin ○○ Nerves of the Skin ○○ Glands of the Skin ○○ Nourishment of the Skin ○○ Functions of the Skin ○○ Terminology ●● Diseases and Disorders ○○ Skin Conditions/Descriptions ○○ Nail Diseases/Disorders ○○ Disease/Disorders ○○ Skin Conditions/Descriptions SECTION 2: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS ●● What are Bloodborne Pathogens? ●● Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ●● Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ●● Signs and Symptoms ●● Transmission ●● Transmission Routes ●● Risk Factors and Behaviors ●● Personal Protective Equipment SECTION 3: DECONTAMINATION & STERILIZATION ●● Common Questions ●● HIV ●● Precautions SECTION 4: DECONTAMINATION AND INFECTION CONTROL ●● Professional Salon Environment ●● Safety Precautions ●● Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S.) ●● Organizing an M.S.D.S. Notebook SECTION 5: GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY SANITARY REGULATIONS FOR SALONS AND SCHOOLS SECTION 6: APPENDIX A GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY GLOSSARY OF LEGAL DEFINITIONS

SECTION 1 : SKIN, DISEASES, DISORDERS Table of contents Skin, diseases, disorders ●● Nourishment of the Skin ●● Introduction ●● Functions of the Skin ●● Objectives ●● Terminology Anatomy and histology of the skin Diseases and disorders ●● Nerves of the Skin ●● Skin Conditions/Descriptions ●● Glands of the Skin

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 1 Introduction The flexible, waterproof, tough protective covering known as the skin The skin has appendages that include the hair, sweat and oil glands, and is the largest organ in the body both by weight and surface area. Skin the nails. Composed of the substance known as keratin, this protein gives accounts for approximately 16% of the body’s weight. the skin its protective ability. The skin is slightly acidic in pH, which Healthy skin has a fine texture that is slightly moist, soft, and flexible. enables good immunity responses to intruding organisms. Normally the Varying in thickness, the skin is thinnest on the eyelids and thickest on skin separates the internal environment from the external. However skin the palms and soles. A callous can be caused by continuous friction on diseases and infections can invade that barrier. For this reason, a thorough any part of the skin. understanding of the histology of the skin and its diseases and disorders is needed for a better position to give clients professional advice.

Learning objectives Upon completion of this course, trainees will be able to: ŠŠ Recognize which skin diseases/disorders may be dealt with in the ŠŠ Explain the structure and the composition of the skin. salon and which should be referred to a physician. ŠŠ Identify the functions of the skin. ŠŠ Identify online dermatology resources. ŠŠ Describe terms relating to skin disorders.

Anatomy and histology of the skin The reticular layer is the deepest layer of the dermis. It contains fat cells, blood vessels, lymph vessels, oil glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, and arrector pilli muscles. The reticular layer supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients. Subcutaneous tissue is the fatty layer found below the dermis. It is also called the adipose or the subcutis tissue. It varies in thickness according to age, sex, and general health of the individual. The subcutaneous tissue contains fats for energy, gives smoothness and contour to the body, and acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin. Arteries and lymphatics maintain circulation to the body. Nerves of the skin Sensory nerves are receptors and send messages to the brain causing The two major divisions of the skin are the dermis and the epidermis. reactions to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis that is composed of sheets of dead cells that serve as the major waterproof barrier to the Motor nerve fibers, attached to the hair follicles, are distributed to environment. The epidermis is the visible layer of skin. This layer the arrector pilli muscles which may cause goose flesh when you are contains numerous nerve endings, but no blood vessels. The human frightened or cold. epidermis is renewed every 15-30 days. The secretory nerve fibers regulate the excretion of perspiration from the The epidermis consists of many layers. The stratum corneum is the sweat glands and regulate the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin. outer layer that is often called the horny layer. Cells are continually Glands of the skin being shed and replaced. This layer of skin for the most part is dead – There are two types of duct glands contained in the skin that pull out it is composed of cells that are almost pure protein. minerals from the blood to create new substances. The suderiferous The stratum lucidum consists of translucent cells through which light glands are the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands are the oil glands. can penetrate. Sweat glands excrete perspiration. This secretion is odorless when The stratum granulosum, known as the granular layer, consists of excreted, but in a short period of time produces an offensive odor due cells that resemble granules. These cells are transforming into a to the bacteria on the skin’s surface feeding on the fats of its secretion. harder form of protein. Perspiration is controlled by the nervous system. About 1-2 pints of liquid containing salts are excreted daily through the sweat pores in The stratum mucosum is also known as the basal cell layer. Basal cells are the skin. The sweat glands consist of a coiled base or fundus and a continuously being reproduced. It is the deepest layer of the epidermis. tube-like duct that ends at the skin surface forming the pores. Sweat This layer also contains melanocytes that produce the coloring matter glands are more numerous on the palms, soles, forehead, and armpits. known as melanin and determines skin color. Melanocytes also react to Body temperature is regulated by the sweat glands that also aid in the ultraviolet rays to darken the skin for added protection. elimination of waste. The middle layer, the dermis, provides a tough, flexible foundation Oil glands secrete sebum through little sacs whose ducts open in to the for the epidermis. In the dermis, body temperature is regulated by hair follicles. These glands are found in all parts of the body with the sweat glands and blood vessels. It also contains arector pilli muscles, exception of the palms and soles. The oily substance produced by the papillae, and hair follicles. Nerve endings send sensations of pain, oil glands is called sebum. Sebum lubricates the skin and preserves the itching, touch, and temperature to the brain. The skin is moisturized by pliability of the hair. When the duct becomes clogged with hardened oil glands that produce sebum. sebum, a blackhead is formed. The dermis consists of two layers. The papillary layer connects the Nourishment of the skin dermis to the epidermis. Tactile corpuscles are nerve fiber endings that Blood and lymph circulate through the skin providing nourishment contain looped capillaries. Tactile corpuscles are responsible for the essential for growth and repair of the skin, hair, and nails. sense of touch. The papillary layer also contains some of the melanin.

Page 2 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Functions of the skin S – ensation – response to heat, cold, pressure, and pain. The major functions of the skin are sensation, heat regulation, H – eat regulation – maintains body temperature of 98.6. absorption, protection, excretion, and secretion. The functions of the A – bsorption - substances can enter the body through the skin and skin can easily be remembered using the acronym: SHAPES affect it to a minor degree. P – rotection – from bacterial invasion. E – xcretion – sweat glands excrete perspiration. S – ecretion - sebum is secreted by the sebaceous glands. Terminology Dermatology Study of the skin, its nature, functions, and treatment. Dermatologist A medical skin specialist. Disease A pathological condition of the body, organ, or mind making it incapable of carrying on normal functions. Disorder Abnormal condition usually not contagious. Immunity Freedom from or resistance to disease. Integumentary system One of the 10 systems of the body; pertains to the skin, its appendages and functions. Pathology Study of disease. Etiology Study of the causes of diseases. Trichology Study of hair. Diagnosis Recognition of a disease by its symptoms. Prognosis Foretelling of the probable course of a disease. Objective symptom Visible symptom. Subjective symptom Symptom that can be felt by client, but not by observation. Acute Rapid onset with severe symptoms of short duration. Chronic Long duration, usually mild, but often recurring. Infectious Invasion of body tissue by bacteria that cause disease. Contagious Communicable; by contact. Occupational Due to certain kinds of employment. Seasonal Influenced by weather. Parasitic Caused by vegetable or animal parasites. Pathogenic Produced by disease causing bacteria. Systemic Due to over or under functioning of the internal glands. Venereal disease Acquired by sexual contact. Epidemic Emergence of a disease that affects a large number of people simultaneously. Allergy Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to normally harmless substances. Skin disorder characterized by redness, pain, edema, and heat. Rhytidectomy Face lift. Blepharoplasty Eyelid surgery. Chemical peel Chemical solution applied to skin areas causing a mild, controlled burn of the skin. Rhinoplasty Plastic surgery of the nose. Mentoplasty Chin surgery. Dermabrasion Sandblasting irregularities of the skin. Injectable fillers Tiny injections of collagen to soften wrinkles. Retin–A Prescription cream used in the treatment of .

Diseases and disorders In a salon, you will come in contact with diseases and disorders of the skin and its appendages: the hair and nails. Your license requires you to be responsible for the recognition of potentially infections diseases. Some disorders can be treated in cooperation with and under the supervision of a physician.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 3 Skin conditions/descriptions WARNING: NEVER TRY TO DIAGNOSE A DISEASE; ALWAYS REFER TO A PHYSICIAN. NOTE: COLOR CHANGES, A CRACK ON THE SKIN, A TYPE OF THICKENING, OR ANY DISCOLORATION, RANGING FROM SHADES OF RED TO BROWN AND PURPLE TO ALMOST BLACK, MAY BE SIGNS OF DANGER AND SHOULD BE EXAMINED BY A DERMATOLOGIST. CAUTION: DO NOT TREAT OR REMOVE HAIR FROM MOLES.

Condition/Disease/Disorder Description Pigmented Lesions Lentigo Small, yellow to brown spots. Chloasma Moth patches, liver spots = increased deposits of pigment. Naevus Birthmark (portwine or strawberry) small-large malformation of skin due to pigmentation or dilated capillaries. Leucoderma Abnormal light patches due to congenital defective pigmentations. Vitiligo Acquired condition of leucoderma-may affect skin or hair. Albinism Congenital absence of melanin pigment. Stain Abnormal, brown, skin patches having a circular & irregular shape. Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands Comedones Blackheads, a worm-like mass of keratinized cells & hardened sebum. Milia Whiteheads, an accumulation of dead, keratinized cells and sebaceous matter trapped beneath the skin. Acne Simplex Chronic inflammatory disorder usually related to hormonal changes & overactive sebaceous glands. Acne Vulgaris Acne-pimples. Acne Chronic inflammatory congestion of the cheeks & nose. Seborrhea/Seborrhea Overactive sebaceous glands-often the basis of acne. Oleosa = Oily Dandruff Steatoma Wen or sebaceous (subcutaneous tumor) ranges in size from a pea to an orange. Asteatosis Dry, scaly skin characterized by absolute or partial deficiency of sebum. Furuncle Boil-a subcutaneous abscess that fills with pus. Sac-like, elevated (usually round) area, contains liquid or semi-liquid substance-when a follicle ruptures deep within the dermis & irritating oil & dead cells seep into the surrounding tissues often cause acne pits. Pimples Follicle filled with oil, dead cells, & bacteria inflammation causes white blood cells to rush to fight bacteria creating a pus. Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands Bromidrosis Osmidrosis=foul-smelling perspiration. Anhidrosis Lack of perspiration. Excessive perspiration. Rubra Prickly heat-eruptions of small red vesicles accompanied by burning & itching-caused by excessive heat. Hypertrophies Keratoma Callus-superficial, round, thickening of the epidermis caused by friction (inward growth is called a corn). Mole A small, brown spot-believed to be inherited may be flat or deeply seated-pale tan-brown or bluish black. Verruca Wart, a viral infection of the epidermis-benign. Skin Tag Bead-like fibrous tissue that stands away from the flat surface-often a dark color. Polyp Growth that extends from the surface or may also grow with the body. Eczema Dry or moist lesions accompanied by itching, burning, & various other unpleasant sensations usually red-blistered, & oozing. Rarely on the face, lesions are round, dry patches covered with coarse, silvery scales-if irritated, bleeding points occur-may be spread to larger area-not contagious.

Page 4 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Herpes Simplex/ Fever blisters/cold sores-single group of vesicles on a red swollen base. Herpes Zoster = Shingles Allergy Related Dermatitis Dermatitis Venenata Allergy to ingredients in cosmetics, etc. - protection is the prevention-gloves, etc. Dermatitis Medicamentosa Dermatitis that occurs after an injection of a substance. Urticaria Hives-inflammation caused by an allergy to specific drugs/foods.

Primary Skin Lesions Macule Small, discolored spot or patch on the skin’s surface, neither raised nor sunken-ex: freckles. Papule Small elevated pimple containing no fluid, but may have pus. Note: Yellow or white fatty papules around the eyes indicate an elevated cholesterol level-refer to a physician (xanthelasma). Wheal Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours ex: mosquito bite. Tubercle Solid lump larger than a papule-projects above the skin or lies with-sized from pea to hickory nut. Tumor External swelling-varies in size, shape & color. Vesicle Blister with clear fluid-lie within or just beneath the epidermis-ex: poison ivy. Bulla Blister containing a watery fluid-larger than a vesicle. Pustule Elevation with inflamed base, containing pus. Secondary Skin Lesions Scale Accumulation of epidermal flakes, dry or greasy - ex: abnormal dandruff. Crust Accumulation of serum & pus-mixed with epidermal material - ex: scab. Excoriation Abrasion produced by scratching or scraping - ex: raw surface after injury. Fissure Crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis. Ulcer Open lesion on skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus & loss of skin depth. Acne Scars Ice Pick Scar Large, visible, open pores that look as if the skin has been jabbed with an ice pick-follicle always looks open- caused by deep pimple or cyst. Acne Pit Scar Slightly sunken or depressed appearance-caused by pimples/cysts that have destroyed the skin & formed scar tissue. Acne Raised Scar Lumpy mass of raised tissue on the surface of the skin-caused where cysts have clumped together. Contagious Disorders ●● Tinea Ringworm, due to fungi (plant or vegetable parasites) -small reddened patch of little blisters that spread outward ●● Tinea Capitis - Ringworm and heal in the middle with scaling. of Scalp ●● Tinea Sycosis - Barber’s Itch ●● Tinea Favosa - Honeycomb Ringworm ●● Tinea Unguium - Ringworm of Nails ●● Athlete’s Foot - Ringworm of Feet CAUTION! NEVER ATTEMPT TO DIAGNOSE BUMPS, LESIONS, ULCERATIONS, OR DISCOLORATIONS AS SKIN CANCER, BUT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIOUS SKIN DISORDERS AND SUGGEST THAT THE CLIENT SEE A PHYSICIAN OR DERMATOLOGIST. Extremely Serious Disorders-Skin Cancers Basal Cell Carcinoma Least malignant-most common skin cancer characterized by light or pearly nodules & visible blood vessels. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Scaly, red papules-blood vessels are not visible more serious than basal cell. Malignant Melanoma Most serious-characterized by dark brown, black, or discolored patches on the skin. Tumor Abnormal growth of swollen tissue. Nail Diseases/Disorders Onychophagy . Onychogryposis Overcurvature of the nail-clawlike. Pterygium Sticky overgrowth of the cuticle.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 5 Eggshell Nail Extremely thin nail. Leuconychia White spots under the nail plate. Bacterial inflammation of tissue (perionychium) around the nail. Tinea Corporis Ringworm of the hand. Tinea Pedia Ringworm of the foot. Agnail Hangnail. Onychia An inflammation somewhere in the nail. Onychocyanosis Blue nail (usually caused by poor circulation). Hematoma Nail Bruised nail (usually caused by a hammer or slammed door). Tinea Unguium -ringworm of the nail. Onychorrexis Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges. Beau’s Lines Ridges/corrugations/furrows. Onychatrophia Atrophy or wasting away of the nail. Onychocryptosis . Overgrowth of the nail plate. Onychosis Any . Onychophosis Accumulation of horny layers of epidermis under the nail.

Hair Disease/Disorders Pityriasis Capitis Simplex Dry dandruff. Pityriasis Capitis Steatoids Seborrhea Greasy dandruff. Oleosa = Oily Dandruff Trichoptilosis Split hair ends. Trichorrehexis Nodosa Knotted. Tinea Favosa Honeycomb ringworm. Tinea Capitis Ringworm of the scalp. Tinea Sycosis Barber’s itch. Androgenetic Alopecia Common hereditary . Alopecia Adnata Loss of hair shortly after birth. Hair loss in patches. Alopecia Follicularis Hair loss caused by inflammation of hair follicles. Alopecia Prematura Hair loss early in life. Alopecia Senilis Hair loss from old age. Hair loss from entire scalp. Hair loss from entire body. Traction/Traumatic Alopecia Patchy hair loss sometimes due to repetitive traction on the hair by pulling or twisting. Postpartum Alopecia Temporary hair loss at the conclusion of pregnancy. Telogen Effluven Hair loss during the telogen phase of the hair growth cycle. Canities Gray hair. Pediculosis Capitis Head lice. Monilithrix Beaded hair. Fragilitis Crinium Brittle hair. Hirsuities/ Superfluous hair, excessive. Scabies Contagious disease caused by the itch mite. Impetigo/Infantigo Highly contagious bacterial infection, usually staphylococcal. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) Chronic autoimmune disorder, causes red often scarring plaques, hair loss, & internal effects. Keloids Forms when excess collagen forms at the site of a healing scar-overhealing. Asteatosis Excessive dry skin.

Page 6 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Websites: Online Dermatology Resources http://www.age-spot.com/ http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/DermImag.htm http://www.i-wrinkle.com/ http://www.medic.mie-u.ac.jp/derma/world/worldd1.html http://www.i-wrinkle.com/ http://www.skin-information.com/ http://www.asds-net.org American Society of Dermatologic Surgery http://www.skin-disease.com/ http://www.aad.org American Academy of Dermatology http://www.skin-cancers.net/

Skin conditions/descriptions Stain Abnormal, brown, skin patches having a WARNING: NEVER TRY TO DIAGNOSE A DISEASE; circular and irregular shape. ALWAYS REFER TO A PHYSICIAN. Disorders of the sebaceous glands Comedones Blackheads, a worm- like mass of NOTE: COLOR CHANGES, A CRACK ON THE SKIN, A keratinized TYPE OF THICKENING, OR ANY DISCOLORATION, cells and hardened RANGING FROM SHADES OF RED TO BROWN sebum. AND PURPLE TO ALMOST BLACK, MAY BE SIGNS OF DANGER AND SHOULD BE EXAMINED BY A DERMATOLOGIST. Milia Whiteheads, an accumulation of dead, keratinized CAUTION: DO NOT TREAT OR REMOVE HAIR FROM cells and sebaceous MOLES. matter trapped beneath the skin.

Acne simplex Chronic inflammatory disorder usually related Condition/ Description to hormonal changes and overactive sebaceous Disease/Disorder glands. Pigmented lesions Acne vulgaris Acne – pimples. Lentigo Small, yellow to brown spots.

Chloasma Moth patches, liver spots: increased deposits of pigment.

Acne rosacea Chronic inflammatory Naevus Birthmark (portwine or strawberry) congestion of the small-large malformation of skin due to cheeks and nose. pigmentation or dilated capillaries. Leucoderma Abnormal light patches due to congenital defective pigmentations. Seborrhea/seborrhea Overactive sebaceous glands; often the basis oleosa: oily dandruff of acne. Steatoma Wen or (subcutaneous tumor), ranges in size from a pea to an orange.

Asteatosis Dry, scaly skin characterized by absolute or partial deficiency of sebum. Vitiligo Acquired condition of leucoderma – may Furuncle Boil – a subcutaneous affect skin or hair. abscess that fills with pus.

Albinism Congenital absence of melanin pigment.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 7 Cysts Sac-like, elevated Herpes simplex/ Fever blisters/cold (usually round) area, sores; single group contains liquid or of vesicles on a red semi-liquid substance; swollen base. when a follicle ruptures deep within the dermis and Herpes zoster: irritating oil and dead cells seep into the Shingles surrounding tissues; often cause acne pits. Pimples Follicle filled with oil, dead cells and bacteria; inflammation causes Allergy-related dermatitis white blood cells to rush to fight bacteria Dermatitis Allergy to ingredients creating a pus. Venenata in cosmetics and such products; protection is Disorders of the sudoriferous glands the prevention: gloves Bromidrosis Osmidrosis: foul-smelling perspiration. and protective garb. Anhidrosis Lack of perspiration. Hyperhidrosis Excessive perspiration. Dermatitis Dermatitis that occurs Miliaria rubra Prickly heat-eruptions of small red vesicles Medicamentosa after an injection of a accompanied by burning and itching; caused substance. by excessive heat. Hypertrophies Keratoma Callus; superficial, round, thickening of the epidermis caused by friction (inward growth Urticaria Hives: Inflammation caused by an allergy to is called a corn). specific drugs/foods. Mole A small, brown spot Primary skin lesions believed to be inherited; Macule Small, discolored spot may be flat or deeply or patch on the skin’s seated; pale tan-brown or surface, neither raised bluish black. nor sunken; for example, freckles. Verruca Wart, a viral infection of the epidermis; benign. Papule Small elevated pimple containing no fluid, but may have pus.

Skin tag Bead-like fibrous tissue Note: Yellow or white fatty that stands away from papules around the eyes the flat surface; often a indicate an elevated dark color. cholesterol level; refer to a physician (xanthelasma).

Polyp Growth that extends from the surface or may also grow with the body. Wheal Itchy, swollen lesion Inflammations that lasts only a few Eczema Dry or moist lesions hours; for example, accompanied by itching, mosquito bite. burning and various other unpleasant sensations; usually red, blistered and oozing. Tubercle Solid lump larger than a papule; projects above the skin or lies with it; sized from pea Psoriasis Rarely on the face, lesions to hickory nut. are round, dry patches covered with coarse, Tumor External swelling; varies in size, shape and silvery scales; if irritated, color. bleeding points occur; may be spread to larger area but not contagious.

Page 8 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Vesicle Blister with clear Contagious disorders fluid; lies within or ●● Tinea Ringworm, due to just beneath the ●● Tinea Capitis fungi (plant or epidermis; for – Ringworm of vegetable) example, poison ivy. Scalp small reddened patch ●● Tinea Sycosis of little blisters that – Barber’s Itch spread outward and Bulla Blister containing a (parasites) heal in the middle watery fluid; larger ●● Tinea Favosa with scaling. than a vesicle. – Honeycomb Ringworm ●● Tinea Unguium – Ringworm of Nails ●● Athlete’s Foot – Ringworm of Feet

Pustule Elevation with inflamed base, containing pus. Secondary skin lesions Scale Accumulation of epidermal flakes, dry or CAUTION! NEVER ATTEMPT TO DIAGNOSE BUMPS, greasy; for example, abnormal dandruff. LESIONS, ULCERATIONS OR DISCOLORATIONS AS SKIN CANCER, BUT YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO Crust Accumulation of serum and pus mixed with RECOGNIZE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIOUS epidermal material; for example, scab. SKIN DISORDERS AND SUGGEST THAT THE CLIENT Excoriation Abrasion produced by scratching or scraping; SEE A PHYSICIAN OR DERMATOLOGIST. for example, raw surface after injury. Fissure Crack in the skin Extremely serious disorders – skin cancers penetrating into the Basal cell carcinoma Least malignant; dermis. most common skin cancer; characterized by light or pearly nodules and Ulcer Open lesion on skin or mucous membrane, visible blood accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. vessels. Acne scars Squamous cell Scaly, red papules; Ice pick scar Large, visible, open carcinoma blood vessels are pores that look as if not visible; more the skin has been serious than basal jabbed with an ice cell. pick; follicle always looks open; caused by deep pimple or cyst. Malignant melanoma Most serious; characterized by dark brown, black or discolored patches on the skin.

Tumor Abnormal growth of swollen tissue. Nail diseases/disorders Acne pit scar Slightly sunken or Onychophagy Nail biting. depressed appearance; caused by pimples/ cysts that have destroyed the skin and formed scar tissue.

Acne raised scar Lumpy mass of raised Onychogryposis Overcurvature of tissue on the surface the nail; clawlike. of the skin; caused where cysts have clumped together.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 9 Pterygium Sticky overgrowth of the cuticle. Onychatrophia Atrophy or wasting Eggshell nail Extremely thin nail. away of the nail. Leuconychia White spots under the nail plate.

Onychocryptosis Ingrown nail.

Paronychia Bacterial inflammation of tissue (perionychium) around the nail. Tinea corporis Ringworm of the hand. Onychauxis Overgrowth of the nail plate. Onychosis Any nail disease. Onychophosis Accumulation of horny layers of epidermis under the nail. Tinea pedia Ringworm of the foot.

Hair disease/disorders Pityriasis capitis Dry dandruff. simplex Agnail Hangnail. Pityriasis capitis Greasy dandruff. steatoids seborrhea Oleosa: Oily dandruff Trichoptilosis Split hair ends. Trichorrehexis nodosa Knotted. Onychia An inflammation Tinea favosa Honeycomb ringworm. somewhere in Tinea capitis Ringworm of the nail. the scalp.

Onychocyanosis Blue nail (usually caused by poor circulation). Hematoma nail Bruised nail (usually Tinea sycosis Barber’s itch. caused by a hammer Androgenetic alopecia Common hereditary hair loss. or slammed door). Alopecia adnata Loss of hair shortly after birth. Alopecia areata Hair loss in patches. Tinea unguium Onychomycosis; ringworm of the nail.

Alopecia follicularis Hair loss caused by inflammation Onychorrexis Split or brittle nails of hair follicles. with a series of lengthwise ridges.

Alopecia prematura Hair loss early in life. Beau’s lines Ridges/corrugations/ Alopecia senilis Hair loss from old age. furrows. Alopecia totalis Hair loss from entire scalp. Alopecia universalis Hair loss from entire body. Traction/traumatic Patchy hair loss, sometimes due to alopecia repetitive traction on the hair by pulling or twisting.

Page 10 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Postpartum alopecia Temporary hair loss at the conclusion of pregnancy. Telogen effluven Hair loss during the telogen phase of the hair growth cycle.

Canities Gray hair. Pediculosis capitis Head lice. Monilithrix Beaded hair. Fragilitis crinium Brittle hair. Hirsuities/hypertrichosis Superfluous hair, excessive. Scabies Contagious disease caused by the itch mite.

Impetigo/infantigo Highly contagious bacterial infection, usually staphylococcal.

Discoid lupus Chronic rrythematosus (DLE) autoimmune disorder, causes red often scarring plaques, hair loss and internal effects. Keloids Forms when excess collagen forms at the site of a healing scar; overhealing. Asteatosis Excessive dry skin.

SECTION 2: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Table of contents Introduction Risk Factors and Behaviors ●● Objectives Personal Protective Equipment What are Bloodborne Pathogens? Decontamination & Sterilization ●● Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ●● Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) Common Questions ●● Discuss with the class: Signs and Symptoms ○○ HBV ●● Signs and Symptoms of (HBV) ○○ HIV ●● Signs and Symptoms of (HIV) Precautions Transmission ●● Transmission Mediums Summary ●● Transmission Routes Introduction A bloodborne pathogen is a specific cause of disease, such as a virus or bacteria. “Bloodborne” means carried by or in blood and certain other body fluids. AIDS, hepatitis B and C, malaria, and syphillis are examples of diseases that are caused by bloodborne pathogens.

Learning objectives Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: ŠŠ Explain how bloodborne pathogens are transmitted. ŠŠ Discuss bloodborne pathogens. ŠŠ List four high risk factors. ŠŠ Identify two bloodborne pathogens of concern in the workplace. ŠŠ Discuss the precautions to be used in the workplace.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 11 What are bloodborne pathogens? Two types of pathogens of concern in the To protect yourself against HIV and HBV, avoid direct exposure to workplace are: infectious blood or body fluids - the prime transmitters of HBV and HIV. ●● Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ●● Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms of (HBV) Hepatitis B is much more contagious than HIV. Discuss and list different signs and symptoms of HBV. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ______The HB Virus infects the liver: it’s more common ______than HIV and is a greater risk on the job. Many ______HBV infected people have no problems or ______symptoms. Some, however, do develop serious or ______fatal problems such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, or Signs and symptoms of (HIV) chronic liver disease. There is a vaccine for HBV Discuss and list different signs and symptoms of HIV. which is dispensed in three doses. Any employee at ______risk should take the vaccine. ______Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ______HIV causes AIDS, it attacks the body’s immune system, reducing its ______ability to fight disease. Transmission Transmission mediums who has AIDS. Family members and health care workers who are Body fluids that can transmit infection are: constantly around patients with AIDS do not catch AIDS when they ●● Blood use proper precautions. ●● Semen Risk factors and behaviors ●● Vaginal secretions In light of what we know about the way the HBV and HIV virus are ●● Cerebrospinal fluid (brain and spinal fluid) transmitted, risk of exposure to either virus is increased for people who: ●● Synovial fluid (lubricating fluid of joints and tendons) ●● Have unprotected sex or multiple partners. ●● Pleural fluid (fluid around the lungs) ●● Have unprotected sex with an IV drug user. ●● Pericardial fluid (fluid around the heart) ●● Have shared needles while using drugs. ●● Peritoneal fluid (fluid in the abdomen) ●● Have occupational exposure to the blood or body fluids of others. ●● Amniotic fluid (fluid that surrounds an embryo) ●● Between 1978 and the spring of 1985, received blood or blood ●● Saliva (in dental procedures) products in transfusion. Transmission routes ●● Between 1978 and the spring of 1985, received an organ transplant. HIV and hepatitis are transmitted only in the following ways: ●● Received artificial insemination from an untested donor. 1. Unprotected sexual contact involving the transfer of body fluids ●● Between 1978 and the spring of 1985, received treatment for a such as blood, semen and vaginal secretions. clotting disorder. 2. Direct contact with infected blood through needle-sharing, ●● Have been exposed to blood or body fluids of a person known to transfusions and needlesticks. have AIDS or be HIV-positive. 3. Infected mothers can transmit the virus to their babies while in the ●● Are immigrants from high risk areas (southeast Asia, Africa, womb or in breast milk. Southern and Central Europe). You can’t catch HIV through casual contact, such as touching, ●● Have tattoos. hugging, being coughed on or sneezed on or working around someone ●● Are family of infected persons. Personal protective equipment “Universal Precautions” is the name used to describe a prevention contact with their skin. To protect yourself, it is essential to have a strategy in which all blood and potentially infectious materials are barrier between you and the potentially infectious material. treated as if they are, in fact, infectious, regardless of the perceived Discuss and list 4 rules to follow with PPE: status of the source individual. In other words, whether or not you 1. think the blood/body fluid is infected with bloodborne pathogens, 2. you treat it as if it is. This approach is used in all situations where 3. exposure to blood or potentially infectious materials is possible. 4. This also means that certain engineering and work practice controls If you work in an area with routine exposure to blood or potentially shall always be utilized in situations where exposure may occur. infectious materials, the necessary PPE should be readily accessible. Probably the first thing to do in any situation where you may be exposed Contaminated gloves, clothing, PPE, or other materials should be to bloodborne pathogens is to ensure you are wearing the appropriate placed in appropriately labeled bags or containers until it is disposed personal protective equipment (PPE). For example, you may have of, decontaminated, or laundered. It is important to find out where noticed that emergency medical personnel, doctors, nurses, dentists, these bags or containers are located in your area before beginning dental assistants, and other health care professionals always wear latex work. or protective gloves. This is a simple precaution they take in order This approach is used in all situations where exposure to blood or to prevent blood or potentially infectious body fluids from coming in potentially infectious materials is possible. This also means that certain

Page 12 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com engineering and work practice controls shall always be utilized in Goggles situations where exposure may occur. Anytime there is a risk of splashing or vaporization of contaminated Gloves fluids, goggles and/or other eye protection should be used to protect your eyes. Again, bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through the Gloves should be made of latex, nitril, rubber, or other water impervious thin membranes of the eyes so it is important to protect materials. If glove material is thin or flimsy, double gloving can provide them. Splashing could occur while cleaning up a spill, an additional layer of protection. Also, if you know you have cuts or during laboratory procedures, or while providing first aid sores on your hands, you should cover these with a bandage or similar or medical assistance. protection as an additional precaution before donning your gloves. You should always inspect your gloves for tears or punctures before putting Face shields them on. If a glove is damaged, don’t use it! When taking contaminated Face shields may be worn in addition to goggles to provide gloves off, do so carefully. Make sure you don’t touch the outside of the additional face protection. A face shield will protect gloves with any bare skin, and be sure to dispose of them in a proper against splashes to the nose and mouth. container so that no one else will come contact with them either. Aprons Aprons may be worn to protect your clothing and to keep blood or other ALWAYS CHECK YOUR GLOVES FOR DAMAGE contaminated fluids from soaking through to your skin. Normal clothing BEFORE USING THEM! that becomes contaminated with blood should be removed as soon as possible because fluids can seep through the cloth to come into contact with skin. Contaminated laundry should be handled as little as possible, and it should be placed in an appropriately labeled bag or container until it is decontaminated, disposed of, or laundered. SECTION 3: DECONTAMINATION & STERILIZATION All surfaces, tools, equipment and other objects that come in contact with If you are cleaning up a spill of blood, you can carefully cover the spill blood or potentially infectious materials must be decontaminated and with paper towels or rags, and leave it for at least 10 minutes. This sterilized as soon as possible. Equipment and tools must be cleaned and will help ensure that any bloodborne pathogens are killed before you decontaminated before servicing or being put back into use. actually begin cleaning or wiping the material up. By covering the spill Decontamination should be accomplished by using: with paper towels or rags, you decrease the chances of causing a splash ●● A solution of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (household bleach/ when you pour the bleach on it. Clorox) diluted between 1:10 and 1:100 with water. The If you are decontaminating equipment or other objects, you should standard recommendation is to use at least a quarter cup of leave the disinfectant in place for at least 10 minutes before continuing bleach per one gallon of water. the cleaning process. ●● Lysol or some other EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant. Check Of course, any materials you use to clean up a spill of blood or potentially the label of all disinfectants to make sure they meet this requirement. infectious materials must be decontaminated immediately, as well. This would include mops, sponges, reusable gloves, buckets, pails, etc. Common questions HBV Does a negative test mean that I am not infected? What symptoms do I have if I am suffering from hepatitis B infection? Unfortunately, no. Although the test is reliable, there is a “window”- Many people with HBV do not have any symptoms and feel perfectly some say it’s six to twelve weeks, some say longer-when you could be well. Occasionally, the hepatitis B infection may become active and developing the antibody, but the test will still be negative. That’s why make the patient feel ill with nausea, have a loss of appetite, and you need to be retested at six to twelve weeks and again in 6 months. become jaundiced. If you test negative, but still carry HIV, it is still possible to transmit What kind of outlook can I expect if I have a hepatitis B infection? the virus. Counseling will be provided when you receive your test Many patients with the hepatitis B infection can expect to lead a full results whether they are negative or positive. and normal life. It is most important to regard yourself as a normal What happens if I test HIV positive? individual who happens to be infected with hepatitis B. However, it Currently, there is no known therapy to reverse antibody status. If is important to take precautions not to spread the disease and to get an employee tests HIV positive, we recommend ongoing medical medical checkups regularly. monitoring and possible anti-retroviral (contains RNA for protein Can I get hepatitis from the vaccine? productions) drugs. No. The hepatitis vaccine is a safe and highly purified vaccine. It does What is the prognosis? not contain any blood products or living or dead viruses. Research indicates that HIV - positive individuals will eventually What should be done if the second or third vaccine dose is delayed? develop AIDS. Currently, there is no treatment for AIDS and it is If the doses are delayed for less than one year, the remaining doses can generally believed to be eventually fatal. As discussed previously, there be resumed to complete the vaccination without the need to restart the is a vaccine for hepatitis B which is available to all employees at risk. vaccination series. If the lapsed doses are more than one year apart, extra What HIV symptoms should I watch for? doses or restarting of the series may be required for high risk individuals. Almost half of the people who contract HIV experience a flu-like HIV illness six to twelve weeks after exposure. Employees who experience What will the AIDS test tell me? an exposure incident should report any illness that feels like the flu A positive result indicates the presence of antibodies to HIV, which has or mononucleosis, especially if it is accompanied by fever, rash, or been found in people with AIDS. swollen glands.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 13 Will my employer know the results of my test? All records, including test results, relating to an exposure incident are No. The health care professional will give the results of your tests to Strictly Confidential. you only. Precautions The following precautions should be taken by anyone who has had an Discuss with the class other circumstances in which exposure is exposure incident so that others are not exposed. possible: ●● Inform sexual or needle-sharing partners so they can be tested for It is important that you use universal precautions to prevent becoming the virus. infected by contaminated blood. Universal precautions means that all ●● Inform physicians and other health care givers so they can blood and body fluids are considered a potentially infectious. protect themselves. ●● Don’t give any blood, tissue, organs, or semen. ●● Remove the organ donor designation from your driver’s license. ●● Hold off on getting pregnant until your health care provider says it is okay. ●● If you are pregnant, get counseling. Precautions ●● Don’t breast-feed. When first aid measures are needed, make sure that you adhere to the ●● Be careful not to expose others to your blood or bodily fluids. following: ●● Don’t share personal items such as toothbrushes, razors, etc. ●● Mouth-to-mouth breathing – The safest course of action is to use ●● Use a bleach solution of 1:10, 70% isopropyl alcohol or other a breathing mask whenever you are called on to give mouth-to- EPA-approved germicide to clean up any spills of blood. mouth resuscitation. Refrain from sexual activity, or at least take the following precautions: ●● Controlling bleeding – To help the victim without infecting ●● Limit the number of partners. yourself (or the victim), wear rubber gloves. ●● Use latex condoms from start to finish, even if your partner is While chance of infection on the job are small, why take unnecessary HIV-positive. risks with your life? Following the necessary safety precautions is the Job situations which may result in exposure include: best way to minimize risks. ●● Job duties that bring you into contact with needles or other sharp Summary objects such as glass that might be contaminated with infected blood. Bloodborne pathogens are a very real risk in the workplace. However, ●● Providing emergency first-aid assistance to co-workers. protective measures are in place for employees at risk. To avoid infection of bloodborne pathogens, it is very important to follow all precautions. Knowing how infection occurs is the first step in preventing the spread of disease. Certain factors and behaviors put employees at risk. Avoid these behaviors as much as you can. Education combined with practicing safe behaviors can save your life.

SECTION 4: DECONTAMINATION AND INFECTION CONTROL TABLE OF CONTENTS Decontamination and infection control ●● Safety precautions ●● Introduction Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S.) ●● Objectives ●● Organizing an M.S.D.S. notebook ●● Professional salon environment Introduction Infection and disease control is one of the most important aspects of basic procedures and by providing a clean salon it will be easy to being a professional salon operator or owner. Federal and state laws provide your clients with the very best professional care without govern what must be done by operators and owners to ensure the safety the fear of your clients becoming infected by a disease agent. It is of the public and that no germs are allowed to spread uncontrolled. important to understand that the removal of all disease-causing germs This unit provides you with the necessary elements to help control in a salon will be almost impossible, but the control of dangerous dangerous disease-causing germs. By following some very important levels is the key to providing a safe salon.

Learning objectives Upon completion of this course, you will be able to discuss the ●● Use of disinfectant products. importance of: ●● Using disinfectants in the salon. ●● Decontamination. ●● Salon professionalism. ●● Sanitation, disinfecting, and sterilization.

Professional salon environment Let’s take a close look and see what can be done to identify and disease-causing germs. There may be millions of germs present that do control the professional salon environment. not affect humans when contact is made. However, one case of an infected Things like tables, chairs, walls, and floors are very likely client can send your career and the reputation of your salon downward. contaminated with a number of germs that may be very serious By understanding contamination and knowing the proper techniques of

Page 14 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com decontamination, shop operators and owners can avoid ugly lawsuits and ●● Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (quats) are available in liquid having the business they worked hard to build destroyed. or tablet form. Implements should be immersed for 20 minutes or It is important to understand the more people that enter the salon longer to ensure elimination of germs and bacteria. environment, the greater the chance that new germs will be introduced ●● Glutaraldehyde is a germicidal used to disinfect and sterilize and reintroduced as a result of the human contact factor. Control over implements that cannot be heat sterilized. where and what people do before they get to the salon is impossible to ●● Ethyl Alcohol is used as a disinfectant. In order to remain monitor, so contamination concerns must be continuous and ongoing. effective, the strength of ethyl alcohol should be no less than 70%. ●● Bleach (sodium hypochlorite), commonly known as house hold Your responsibility as a professional to eliminate and control bleach, has for many years been utilized as a disinfectant at killing contamination is vital. germs. As a result of more advanced techniques now being used, Decontamination of surfaces and tools used in the salon will allow for bleach is not the preferred method for decontamination. It is, however, a safe and professional experience for the client. very effective on floors, sinks, and general cleaning around the salon. ●● Ultrasonic Cleaners are used in some salons but must be used with Contamination can occur in many forms and on the surface of equipment, a disinfectant. The advantage of this device is that it may reach implements, and furnishings may not show signs of contamination. Soiled tiny crevices that may otherwise be omitted in the cleaning and towels, combs, brushes, and even clippers can and more than likely are sanitizing process. sources for contamination if not disinfected or sterilized properly. ●● Disinfection is also a part of operating a safe salon. Disinfection Sanitation and disinfection are required in the salon to provide a is used when objects can be damaged due to exposure to extreme safe environment for clients, co-workers, employees and oneself. heat. Disinfection kills microorganisms with the exception of Sanitation is the removal of large amounts of living organisms from a spores. It is important to understand that disinfectants should surface. By sanitizing tools and other items used in the salon, bacteria never be used on clients. and germs are eliminated or lowered to safer levels. Popular forms of Note: It is important that directions are followed when using sanitation are described below. disinfectants. When directions are not followed money can be wasted. ●● The heat steam of an autoclave has been used for many years and Furthermore, by not following directions properly, the product that is to has proven to be one of the most dependable forms of sanitizing. be disinfected may not be if a solution is too weak. It is also important ●● Hospital-grade disinfectants are used to sanitize surfaces and to understand that the disinfectant solution always remain at an tools as well. effective level. In saying this, always remember to wash all products to be disinfected with soap and water. If you attempt to disinfect soiled implements, the solution may become too weak to do an effective job.

Safety precautions Remember that disinfectants are industrial strength cleaners that are Product information of the chemical is listed at the very start of the powerful and can be harmful if used improperly. Never use a disinfectant report. The Manufacturer’s/Distributor emergency contact number(s) to clean your hands. This is an unsafe practice and can cause skin disease. along with product identity, product code number, product use, and You should wear protective equipment such as gloves and safety goggles hazard classification. while mixing chemicals for disinfection control. Use soaking baskets and ●● Section I is a listing of the hazardous ingredients found in the tongs to insert and remove equipment in disinfectant solutions. Always product along with specific ingredient codes. remember to clearly mark containers that are used for storing disinfectants. ●● Section 2 is the characteristics both physical and chemical of the Look at the following definition. product in general. These characteristics include but are not limited Sanitation is the process of reducing the levels of pathogens found to physical state (liquid or solid), odor appearances like smell and on a surface. While the surface may be clean, there are still many color of product. microorganisms residing on the surface. ●● Section 3 is fire and explosion hazard information on the product. Usually the fire/flame point will be listed and the level of danger to Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S.) which this product will burn. Also, the extinguishing procedures Every chemical used in the United States must have an M.S.D.S. are listed here in case there is a need to control a chemical fire as a report developed by the manufacturer that developed the chemical. result of this product. The purpose of the M.S.D.S. is to report the product name, active ●● Section 4 is the reactivity data section. This section lists ingredients, directions for use, and safety instructions in case of chemical(s), which this product must not come in contact with to accidents involving the chemical. The following is a break down of the ensure the product remains stable. sections on an M.S.D.S. report. ●● Section 5 lists the health hazards and if special precautions need to be followed. This section discusses or lists exposure concerns and first aid procedures to follow in case of an accident. ●● Section 6 lists control and protective measures that will need to be followed to ensure safe use of the product or chemical. ●● Section 7 are control measures and precautions on the product. Safe handling is necessary to ensure that accidents are minimized. Waste disposal is also listed in this area. ●● Section 8 is the regulatory information for the product. A listing of active ingredients that must be reported and a record maintained on file (M.S.D.S.).

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 15 Below is an example of an M.S.D.S. The Clorox Company Material Safety 7200 Johnson Drive Pleasanton, California 94588 Data Sheet Tel. (510) 847-8100

Product: CLOROX GERMICIDAL BLEACH Description: CLEAR, LIGHT YELLOW LIQUID WITH CHLORINE ODOR Other Designations Manufacturer Emergency Telephone No. EPA Registration No. 5813-1 The Clorox Company Rocky Mountain Poison Center Sodium hypochlorite solution 1221 Broadway (800) 446-1014_ Liquid chlorine bleach Oakland, CA 94612 For Transportation Emergencies Chemtrec Clorox Liquid Bleach (800) 424-9300 II Health Hazard Data III Hazardous Ingredients Causes substantial but temporary eye injury. May Irritate skin. Ingredients Concentration Worker Exposure Limit May cause nausea and vomiting if ingested. Exposure to vapor or mist may Irritate nose, throat and lungs. The following Sodium hypochlorite 5.25% not established medical conditions may be aggravated by exposure to high CAS # 7881-52-9 concentrations of vapor or mist; heart conditions or chronic respiratory problems such as asthma, chronic bronchitle None of the ingredients in this product are on the IARC, NTP or OSHA carcinogen list. Occasional clinical reports or, obstructive lung disease. Under normal consumer use suggest a low potential for sensitization upon exaggerated exposure to sodium hypochlorite if skin damage (e.g. conditions the likelihood of any adverse health effects are low. irritation) occurs during exposure. Routine clinical tests conducted on intact skin with Clorox Liquid Bleach found no sensitization in the test subjects. FIRST AID: EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water. If irritation persists, see a doctor. SKIN CONTACT: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash area with water. INGESTION: Drink a glassful of water and call a physician. INHALATION: If breathing problems develop remove to fresh air. IV Special Protection and Precautions V Transportation and Regulatory Data Hygienic Practices: Wear safety glasses. With repeated or U.S. DOT Hazard Class: Not restricted prolonged use wear gloves. U.S. DOT Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite solution with not more than 7% available chlorine. Not Restricted per Engineering Controls: Use general ventilation to minimize 49CFR172.101(c)(12)(lv) exposure to vapor or mist. Section 313 (Title lll Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act): Work Practices: Avoid eye and skin contact and inhalation of As a consumer product, this product is exempt from supplier notification vapor or mist. requirements under Section 313 Title lll of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1988 (reference 40 CFR Part 372). Keep out of reach of children. VI Spill or Leak Procedures VII Reactivity Data Small Spills (<5 gallons) Stable under normal use and storage conditions. Strong oxidizing agent. (1) Absorb, containerize, and landfill in accordance with local Reacts with other household chemicals such as toilet bowl cleaners, rust regulations. removers, vinegar, acids or ammonia containing products to produce (2) Wash down residual to sanitary sewer.* hazardous gases, such as chlorine and other chlorinated species Large Spills (>5 gallons) Prolonged contact with metal may cause pitting or discoloration. (1) Absorb, containerize, and landfill in accordance with local regulations; wash down residual to sanitary sewer.* -OR - (2) Pump material to waste drum(s) and dispose in accordance with local regulations; wash down residual to sanitary sewer.* * Contact the sanitary treatment facility in advance to assure ability to process washed-down material. VIII Fire and Explosion Data IX Physical Data Not flammable or explosive. In a fire, cool containers to prevent Boiling point 212 F, 100 C rupture and release of sodium chlorate. Specific Gravity (H2O) 1085 Solubility in Water complete PH 11.4 Organizing an M.S.D.S. notebook Suggestions for setting up an M.S.D.S. notebook include: ●● Remove any M.S.D.S. reports when the product is no longer used ●● Using a three-ring binder that pages can easily be placed in or in the salon. removed from. ●● Establish an emergency contact sheet that will be the very first ●● Highlighting specific areas to identify key aspects of the M.S.D.S. page in your M.S.D.S. notebook. List the local emergency report within the notebook. (see example) numbers for your salon area. ●● Alphabetizing the M.S.D.S. reports so that locating the sheets ●● Add the Centers for Disease Control and the National Poison will be fast. Control Center to the emergency contact page. ●● Clearly mark the notebook on all sides to indicate it as the ●● Have a sheet that states your salon operators have read and M.S.D.S. notebook. understand the concept of the M.S.D.S. notebook and have them ●● Use a white or bright colored notebook so it can be easily sign a form stating the information has been read. Keep a copy of identified as the M.S.D.S. Notebook. this form in their employment file. ●● When ordering products for the first time, request the company ●● Make sure the M.S.D.S. Notebook is located in a place where all send you a product sheet (M.S.D.S.) page to add to your notebook. employees have access to it and they are aware of its location.

Page 16 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com SECTION 5: POST THESE PAGES IN THE SALON/SCHOOL WHERE IT CAN BE READ BY ALL. GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY SANITARY REGULATIONS FOR SALONS AND SCHOOLS 130-4-.01 Facilities. 1. All facilities (salons/shops or schools) wherein cosmetology hair designer, nail technician, and/or esthetician, are practiced in services are practiced or taught within the State of Georgia must accordance with the laws and rules of the Georgia State Board of provide suitable quarters equipped to give adequate services, Cosmetology. All mobile units, including kiosks, carts, mobile subject to inspection by representatives of the Georgia State Board homes, trailers, and motor homes, shall not be licensed as salons/ of Cosmetology. shops unless they meet all requirements of the Board and are 2. A beauty facility shall have a permanent and definite location permanently anchored on the ground with wheels detached. in which the cosmetology professions of master cosmetologist, 130-4-.02 Use of facility for home salon/shop. Space used for a cosmetology facility must be separated by tight, entrance. Separate space must be provided for a cosmetology facility. ceiling high partitions from residence rooms and must have separate The use of any such space for sleeping, dining or any other domestic restrooms. The cosmetology facility shall have a separate outside purpose is prohibited.

130-4-.03 Facilities (salon/shop/school). Space used for a cosmetology facility must be separated by tight, ceiling high partitions from other commercial facilities.

130-4-.04 Cleanliness. Walls, ceiling, floors, furniture and equipment must be kept free from excessive dust, dirt and debris. All equipment must be kept in good and safe working condition.

130-4-.05 Plumbing, hot and cold water. Each facility must have proper toilet and plumbing facilities and an adequate supply of hot and cold running water in accordance with recognized health standards. 130-4-.08 Posting of licenses, rules, reports and inspection reports. 1. Each salon/shop shall post in an open area the current salon/shop 3. Salons/Shops shall have posted in an open area at all times a copy license issued to them by the Georgia State Board of Cosmetology, of the most recent inspection report. or a current copy of the online verification of licensure. 4. Salons/Shops shall comply with rules for sanitation, health and 2. Each person employed in the salon/shop shall post, in an open disinfectants in Chapter 130-5 of the Rules of Georgia State Board area, the current license/permit issued to them y the Georgia State of Cosmetology. Board of Cosmetology or the Georgia State Board of Barbers, or a 5. Sanitary rules and regulations governing salons or shops in the current copy of the online verification of licensure. State of Georgia shall be posted in an open area in the salon/shop so as to be easily read by customers. 130-5-.01 Shampoo equipment. Shampoo bowls must be thoroughly cleansed and sanitized.

130-5-.02 Linens. Towels/linens, after being used once, must be placed in a closed closed cabinet, container, or closet except linens which are designated container until properly laundered. Clean towels must be kept in a for use on current patrons.

130-5-.03 Sterilization. The use of any article that is not properly cleansed and disinfected on any patron is prohibited. Hands must be properly cleansed and sanitized prior to servicing each client.

130-5-.04 Waste and garbage. All waste material must be removed daily. Garbage shall be stored in a covered, washable container and shall not be left in the establishment overnight. Each facility must be free from stale food and soiled dishes.

Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 17 130-5-.05 Cleaning and recommended disinfection of implements. 1. All multi-use tools, implements, and equipment used for bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and pseudomonacidal cosmetology services that come in contact with a client must be disinfectant used according to manufacturer’s instructions for cleaned of all visible debris after each use and disinfected after each at least ten (10) minutes. If the pedicure unit has a foot plate, it use by complete saturation or immersion for at least 10 minutes should be removed and the area beneath it cleaned, rinsed, and in an EPA-registered, hospital-grade disinfectant according to wiped dry. the manufacturer’s directions. Autoclave is an acceptable method b. At the end of each day of use, the following procedures shall of sterilization. Each salon or shop shall provide correct wet be used: disinfection and dry storage standards at all times. 1. All filter screens in whirlpool pedicure spas or basins for a. Multi-use items constructed of nonporous materials such as all types of foot spas must be sanitized. All visible debris in metal, glass, or plastic for use on more than one client include, the screen and the inlet must be removed and cleaned with but are not limited to the following items: nail clippers, cuticle a chelating soap or detergent and water. For all pedicure nippers, cuticle pushers, scissors, shears, reusable nail forms, units, the jet components and/or foot plate must be removed manicure and pedicure bowls, foot files, glass, metal and and any debris removed and cleaned. The screen, jet, and/ fiberglass files, metal drill bits, tweezers, comedone extractors, or foot plate must be completely immersed in an EPA- brushes, combs, clips, reusable pencil sharpeners, reusable registered, hospital-grade bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, gloves, and any other metal tools/non-porous implements not and pseudomonacidal disinfectant that is used according listed above. to manufacturer’s instructions. The screen, jet, and/or foot b. Single use items shall be discarded after being used one plate should be replaced after disinfection is completed and time. These items include: buffers, emery boards, nail files, the system flushed with warm water and low sudsing soap sleeves and sanders for electric files, orangewood/birchwood for 5 minutes, rinsed, and drained. sticks, wooden applicator sticks or spatulas, porous foot 2. After the above procedures are completed, the basin should files, pedicure slippers and toe separators, disposable gloves, be filled with clean water and the correct amount of EPA- paraffin liners, cotton balls, cotton strips or swabs, neck strips registered disinfectant. The solution must be circulated and muslin strips or any items that cannot be disinfected. through foot spa system for 10 minutes and the unit then 2. Wet disinfection standards for tools, implements, or equipment: turned off. The solution should remain in the basin for at a. After cleaning, all tools, implements and equipment must least 6 to 10 hours. Before using the equipment again, the be disinfected by complete saturation or immersion (enough basin system must be drained and flushed with clean water. solution to cover all surfaces of the item) for 10 minutes in an c. Once each week, additional procedures should be performed. EPA-registered, hospital grade disinfectant that is bactericidal, After completing the required cleaning procedures for the end viruscidal, fungicidal, and pseudomonacidal. The disinfecting of the day, the basin should be filled with water that contains solution must be changed daily and/or prepared according to one teaspoon of 5.25% bleach for each gallon of water. The manufacturer’s directions. solution should be circulated through the spa system for 5 to b. All tools, implements, or equipment that come in contact 10 minutes and then the solution should sit overnight in the with blood or body fluids must be disinfected by complete basin, or for at least 6 to 10 hours. Before being used again, immersion for a minimum of 10 minutes in an EPA registered the system should be drained and flushed. disinfectant that is effective against HIV-1 and Human d. A record or log book containing the dates and times of all Hepatitis B Virus, or tuberculocidal that is prepared and used pedicure equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures according to the manufacturer’s directions. Autoclave is an must be documented and kept in the pedicure area by the acceptable method of sterilization. salon or shop and made available for review upon request by a 3. Dry storage standards for tools, implements, or equipment: consumer and/or an inspector from the Board. a. All disinfected tools and implements shall be stored in a sanitary 6. Signs shall be posted in clear view in the reception area of the manner in a covered container. The container must be labeled to salon/shop as follows: show that it contains disinfected tools and implements. a. Cosmetology laws, rules, and regulations are available upon b. Soiled and dirty tools and implements must be stored in request. a separate and properly labeled covered container. Soiled b. All cosmetology services shall only be performed on intact, and dirty tools and implements shall not be used again until healthy scalp, skin, and nails. properly cleaned and disinfected according to the procedures c. Customers should not shave their legs the same day as stated in this rule. receiving pedicure services to reduce the risk of infection. 4. Hand washing is required before and between providing services 7. Signs shall be posted in clear view in the pedicure services area of to each client. An anti-bacterial soap is recommended to sanitize the salon/shop as follows: the hands and the exposed portions of arms before providing a. All cosmetology services shall only be performed on intact, services and after smoking, drinking, eating, and using restrooms. healthy scalp, skin, and nails. 5. Pedicure equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures to be b. Customers should not shave their legs the same day as used for all pedicure equipment that holds water including sinks, receiving pedicure services to reduce the risk of infection. bowls, basins, pipe-less, and whirlpool spas are as follows: c. Any razor-like implement, such as a credo blade, shall not be a. After each client, all pedicure units must be cleaned with a used to reduce the chance of injury or infection. chelating soap or detergent with water to remove all visible d. Pumice stones shall not be reused from one customer to debris, then disinfected with an EPA registered hospital-grade another to prevent the spread of bacteria. 130-5-.06 Storage of preparations. Creams, lotions and other cosmetics for use on patrons must be kept in sanitary, closed containers.

Page 18 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com 130-5-.07 Pets. Pets shall not be allowed in cosmetology facilities, with the exception of animals for handicapped patrons.

130-5-.08 Protective clothing and footwear for patrons. Patrons in all Georgia Schools/salons/shops shall wear appropriate clothing and footwear to prevent exposure to potential infectious materials.

130-5-.09 Protective clothing. Cosmetologists, hair designers, nail technicians, and estheticians in cosmetology profession in Georgia shall wear appropriate protective Georgia are required to abide by all state laws for cosmetology, hair clothing for clinical services to prevent occupational exposure to design, nail care, and esthetics. The professions of cosmetology, hair potential infectious materials. design, nail technology and esthetics are subject to the guidelines Appropriate clothing and footwear may include, but not be limited to, and rules promulgated by Georgia State Board of Cosmetology. clinical jackets, gloves and/or similar outer garments for the protection Cosmetologists, hair designers, nail technicians, estheticians are also from infectious or harmful materials. subject to the provisions of O.C.G.A. §43-1-19. Practitioners of the

SECTION 6: APPENDIX A GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY GLOSSARY OF LEGAL DEFINITIONS Master cosmetologist Hair designer Any person who performs any one or more of the following services Any person who performs any one or more of the following services for compensation: for compensation: ●● Cuts or dresses the hair ●● Cuts or dresses the hair ●● Gives facial or scalp massage or facial and scalp treatment with ●● Singes and shampoos the hair or dyes the hair oils or creams and other preparations made for this purpose, either Esthetician by hand or mechanical appliance A person who, for compensation, engages in any one or a combination ●● Singes and shampoos the hair, dies the hair, or does permanent of the following practices, esthetics, or cosmetic skin care: waving of the hair ●● Massaging the face or neck of a person ●● Braids the hair by hair weaving, interlocking, twisting, plaiting, ●● Trimming eyebrows wrapping by hand, chemical or mechanical devices, or using any ●● Dyeing eyelashes or eyebrows natural or synthetic fiber for extensions to the hair ●● Waxing, stimulating, cleansing, or beautifying the face, neck, ●● Performs nail care, pedicure, or manicuring services as defined in arms, or legs of a person by any method with the aid of the hands Nail Technician or any mechanical or electrical apparatus or by the use of a ●● Performs the services of an esthetician as defined in Esthetician or cosmetic preparation Esthetics Operator Such practices of esthetics shall not include the diagnosis, treatment, Such person shall be considered as practicing the occupation of a or therapy of any dermatological condition. Such term shall not apply cosmetologist within the meaning of this Code section; provided, to a person whose activities are limited to the application of cosmetics however, that such term shall not mean a person who only braids which are marketed to individuals and are readily commercially the hair by hairweaving; interlocking; twisting; plaiting; wrapping available to consumers. by hand, chemical, or mechanical devices; or using any natural or synthetic fiber for extensions to the hair, and no such person shall be Nail technician subject to the provisions of this chapter. Such term shall not apply to A person who, for compensation, trims, files, shapes, decorates, applies a person whose activities are limited to the application of cosmetics sculptured or otherwise artificial nails, or in any way cares for the nails which are marketed to individuals and are readily commercially of the hands and feet of another person. available to consumers.

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