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Georgia TCSG Health and Safety Chapter 1: Georgia TCSG Health and Safety 3 CE Hours Copyright ©October 2002-2015 State of Georgia All rights reserved. Georgia. Developed for the Georgia State Board of Cosmetology No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form and the Georgia State Barber Board by the Technical College System or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, of Georgia Formerly the Georgia Department of Technical and Adult recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, Education (DTAE) Publication #C121002, Published December without written permission from the Technical College System of 2002, Revised November 2008. COURSE TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1: SKIN, DISEASES, DISORDERS ● Anatomy and Histology of the Skin ○ Nerves of the Skin ○ Glands of the Skin ○ Nourishment of the Skin ○ Functions of the Skin ○ Terminology ● Diseases and Disorders ○ Skin Conditions/Descriptions ○ Nail Diseases/Disorders ○ Hair Disease/Disorders ○ Skin Conditions/Descriptions SECTION 2: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS ● What are Bloodborne Pathogens? ● Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) ● Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ● Signs and Symptoms ● Transmission ● Transmission Routes ● Risk Factors and Behaviors ● Personal Protective Equipment SECTION 3: DECONTAMINATION & STERILIZATION ● Common Questions ● HIV ● Precautions SECTION 4: DECONTAMINATION AND INFECTION CONTROL ● Professional Salon Environment ● Safety Precautions ● Material Safety Data Sheet (M.S.D.S.) ● Organizing an M.S.D.S. Notebook SECTION 5: GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY SANITARY REGULATIONS FOR SALONS AND SCHOOLS SECTION 6: APPENDIX A GEORGIA STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY GLOSSARY OF LEGAL DEFINITIONS SECTION 1 : SKIN, DISEASES, DISORDERS Table of contents Skin, diseases, disorders ● Nourishment of the Skin ● Introduction ● Functions of the Skin ● Objectives ● Terminology Anatomy and histology of the skin Diseases and disorders ● Nerves of the Skin ● Skin Conditions/Descriptions ● Glands of the Skin Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Page 1 Introduction The flexible, waterproof, tough protective covering known as the skin The skin has appendages that include the hair, sweat and oil glands, and is the largest organ in the body both by weight and surface area. Skin the nails. Composed of the substance known as keratin, this protein gives accounts for approximately 16% of the body’s weight. the skin its protective ability. The skin is slightly acidic in pH, which Healthy skin has a fine texture that is slightly moist, soft, and flexible. enables good immunity responses to intruding organisms. Normally the Varying in thickness, the skin is thinnest on the eyelids and thickest on skin separates the internal environment from the external. However skin the palms and soles. A callous can be caused by continuous friction on diseases and infections can invade that barrier. For this reason, a thorough any part of the skin. understanding of the histology of the skin and its diseases and disorders is needed for a better position to give clients professional advice. Learning objectives Upon completion of this course, trainees will be able to: Recognize which skin diseases/disorders may be dealt with in the Explain the structure and the composition of the skin. salon and which should be referred to a physician. Identify the functions of the skin. Identify online dermatology resources. Describe terms relating to skin disorders. Anatomy and histology of the skin The reticular layer is the deepest layer of the dermis. It contains fat cells, blood vessels, lymph vessels, oil glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, and arrector pilli muscles. The reticular layer supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients. Subcutaneous tissue is the fatty layer found below the dermis. It is also called the adipose or the subcutis tissue. It varies in thickness according to age, sex, and general health of the individual. The subcutaneous tissue contains fats for energy, gives smoothness and contour to the body, and acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin. Arteries and lymphatics maintain circulation to the body. Nerves of the skin Sensory nerves are receptors and send messages to the brain causing The two major divisions of the skin are the dermis and the epidermis. reactions to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain. The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis that is composed of sheets of dead cells that serve as the major waterproof barrier to the Motor nerve fibers, attached to the hair follicles, are distributed to environment. The epidermis is the visible layer of skin. This layer the arrector pilli muscles which may cause goose flesh when you are contains numerous nerve endings, but no blood vessels. The human frightened or cold. epidermis is renewed every 15-30 days. The secretory nerve fibers regulate the excretion of perspiration from the The epidermis consists of many layers. The stratum corneum is the sweat glands and regulate the flow of sebum to the surface of the skin. outer layer that is often called the horny layer. Cells are continually Glands of the skin being shed and replaced. This layer of skin for the most part is dead – There are two types of duct glands contained in the skin that pull out it is composed of cells that are almost pure protein. minerals from the blood to create new substances. The suderiferous The stratum lucidum consists of translucent cells through which light glands are the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands are the oil glands. can penetrate. Sweat glands excrete perspiration. This secretion is odorless when The stratum granulosum, known as the granular layer, consists of excreted, but in a short period of time produces an offensive odor due cells that resemble granules. These cells are transforming into a to the bacteria on the skin’s surface feeding on the fats of its secretion. harder form of protein. Perspiration is controlled by the nervous system. About 1-2 pints of liquid containing salts are excreted daily through the sweat pores in The stratum mucosum is also known as the basal cell layer. Basal cells are the skin. The sweat glands consist of a coiled base or fundus and a continuously being reproduced. It is the deepest layer of the epidermis. tube-like duct that ends at the skin surface forming the pores. Sweat This layer also contains melanocytes that produce the coloring matter glands are more numerous on the palms, soles, forehead, and armpits. known as melanin and determines skin color. Melanocytes also react to Body temperature is regulated by the sweat glands that also aid in the ultraviolet rays to darken the skin for added protection. elimination of waste. The middle layer, the dermis, provides a tough, flexible foundation Oil glands secrete sebum through little sacs whose ducts open in to the for the epidermis. In the dermis, body temperature is regulated by hair follicles. These glands are found in all parts of the body with the sweat glands and blood vessels. It also contains arector pilli muscles, exception of the palms and soles. The oily substance produced by the papillae, and hair follicles. Nerve endings send sensations of pain, oil glands is called sebum. Sebum lubricates the skin and preserves the itching, touch, and temperature to the brain. The skin is moisturized by pliability of the hair. When the duct becomes clogged with hardened oil glands that produce sebum. sebum, a blackhead is formed. The dermis consists of two layers. The papillary layer connects the Nourishment of the skin dermis to the epidermis. Tactile corpuscles are nerve fiber endings that Blood and lymph circulate through the skin providing nourishment contain looped capillaries. Tactile corpuscles are responsible for the essential for growth and repair of the skin, hair, and nails. sense of touch. The papillary layer also contains some of the melanin. Page 2 Cosmetology.EliteCME.com Functions of the skin S – ensation – response to heat, cold, pressure, and pain. The major functions of the skin are sensation, heat regulation, H – eat regulation – maintains body temperature of 98.6. absorption, protection, excretion, and secretion. The functions of the A – bsorption - substances can enter the body through the skin and skin can easily be remembered using the acronym: SHAPES affect it to a minor degree. P – rotection – from bacterial invasion. E – xcretion – sweat glands excrete perspiration. S – ecretion - sebum is secreted by the sebaceous glands. Terminology Dermatology Study of the skin, its nature, functions, and treatment. Dermatologist A medical skin specialist. Disease A pathological condition of the body, organ, or mind making it incapable of carrying on normal functions. Disorder Abnormal condition usually not contagious. Immunity Freedom from or resistance to disease. Integumentary system One of the 10 systems of the body; pertains to the skin, its appendages and functions. Pathology Study of disease. Etiology Study of the causes of diseases. Trichology Study of hair. Diagnosis Recognition of a disease by its symptoms. Prognosis Foretelling of the probable course of a disease. Objective symptom Visible symptom. Subjective symptom Symptom that can be felt by client, but not by observation. Acute Rapid onset with severe symptoms of short duration. Chronic Long duration, usually mild, but often recurring. Infectious Invasion of body tissue by bacteria that cause disease. Contagious Communicable; by contact. Occupational Due to certain kinds of employment. Seasonal Influenced by weather. Parasitic Caused by vegetable or animal parasites. Pathogenic
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