IEE: India: SH-15: Badi-Baktara-Dobi

Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental Examination for SH-15: Badi–Baktara–Dobi–Shahganj–Budhni and SH-44: Silwani–Udayapura Project Road Project Number: 43063 November 2010

IND: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Project III

Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents Executive Summary viii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Project Background/Rationale ...... 1 1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment ...... 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study ...... 2 1.4. Extent of IEE ...... 3 1.5. IEE Content ...... 3 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ...... 3 1.7. Methodology ...... 3 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources ...... 4 1.7.2. Public Consultation ...... 5 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 6 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 6 2.2. Environmental Clearance Process ...... 7 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework ...... 8 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 10 3.1. Project Location ...... 10 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road ...... 13 3.3. Category of the Project ...... 16 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project ...... 17 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic ...... 17 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities ...... 18 3.7. Material required and Sourcing ...... 24 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ...... 26 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 27 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate ...... 28 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality ...... 30 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology ...... 32 4.1.4. Geology/Soil ...... 33 4.1.5. Seismicity ...... 34 4.1.6. Land use ...... 35 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 38 4.1.8. Groundwater ...... 39 4.1.9. Surface water ...... 40 4.2. Ecological Resources ...... 42 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 42 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 50 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment ...... 50 4.3.1. Economic Progress ...... 50 4.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities ...... 51 4.4. Social and Cultural Resources ...... 52 4.4.1. Population and Communities ...... 52 4.4.2. Literacy ...... 54 4.4.3. Occupational Status ...... 54 4.4.4. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples...... 55 ii

4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological or architectural significance ...... 55 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 56 5.1.1. Climate ...... 56 5.1.2. Natural Hazard ...... 57 5.1.3. Air Quality ...... 57 5.1.4. Noise ...... 59 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil ...... 60 5.1.6. Groundwater ...... 63 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies ...... 64 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 65 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 66 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 66 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 80 5.2.3. Fauna ...... 81 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste ...... 81 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact ...... 82 5.4.1. Positive Impacts ...... 82 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts ...... 82 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic ...... 85 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials ...... 86 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact ...... 87 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 89 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed ...... 89 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 89 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 92 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 95 7.1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 95 7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP)95 7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan ...... 95 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ...... 95 7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator ...... 96 7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP ...... 97 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement ...... 97 7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building ...... 101 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 103 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 104 8.1. Conclusions ...... 104 8.2. Key Recommendations: ...... 105

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project ...... 1 Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources ...... 4 Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project ...... 6 Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details ...... 13 Table 3.2 : Road Stretches for Reconstruction ...... 14 Table 3.3 : List of Major and Minor Intersections ...... 15 Table 3.4 : ADT of Project Road ...... 17 Table 3.5 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road ...... 17 iii

Table 3.6 : Details of Existing Carriage Way with Widening Proposal ...... 20 Table 3.7 : Propsed Improvement Shoulder ...... 20 Table 3.8 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain ...... 21 Table 3.9 : Crash Barrier Location ...... 22 Table 3.10 : List of Borrow Area ...... 24 Table 3.11 : List of Borrow Area ...... 25 Table 3.12 : List of Sand Area ...... 25 Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts ...... 27 Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last six years ...... 30 Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) ...... 31 Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB (A) along the Project Corridor ...... 32 Table 4.5 : Hydrological features of the Narmada Basin ...... 33 Table 4.6 : Generalised Geological succession of the Raisen district ...... 33 Table 4.7 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road ...... 34 Table 4.8 : Land Use Pattern in the State ...... 35 Table 4.9 : Land Use Pattern along the project road ...... 36 Table 4.10 : Groundwater Quality along the project corridor ...... 40 Table 4.11 : List of Surface Water Sources Along Project Corridor ...... 41 Table 4.12 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area ...... 41 Table 4.13 : Details of forest area along the project road ...... 44 Table 4.14 : List of Plant Species in the Study Area ...... 45 Table 4.15 : List of Fauna in the Study Area ...... 47 Table 4.16 : List of reptiles found in the study area ...... 48 Table 4.17 : List of Butterflies in the study area ...... 48 Table 4.18 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area ...... 49 Table 4.19 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country ...... 52 Table 4.20 : List of villages in the project road ...... 53 Table 5.1 : Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment ...... 59 Table 5.2 : Tree along Project Road (within 20 m width) ...... 66 Table 5.3 : Common Property Resources Along the Alignment ...... 87 Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials ...... 90 Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs ...... 91 Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community ...... 93 Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations ...... 98 Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II ...... 101

List of Figures Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India ...... 8 Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies ...... 9 Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-15 ...... 10 Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road ...... 11 Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road ...... 19 Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 29 Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zone Map ...... 35 Figure 4.3 : Drainage Map of the Project Section ...... 39 Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 42 Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh ...... 47 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section ...... 54 Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section ...... 54 Figure 4.8 : Occupational status Along the Alignment ...... 55 Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation ...... 100

List of Appendix Appendix 3.1: Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges ...... 0 Appendix 3.2: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ...... 4 Appendix 4.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 8 Appendix 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India ...... 9 Appendix 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ...... 10 Appendix 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ...... 13 Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management ...... 14 Appendix 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-15: Badi-Budhni 58.90 km) ...... 18 Appendix 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators ...... 40

Map 1: Location Map of MP State Highways Project

Map 2: Location Map of SH-15: Badi-Baktara-Shahganj-Budhni Project Road vii

Map 3: Location Map of SH-44: Silwani - Udaypura Project Road

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction 1. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 2. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 3. To address this problem, Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010.The project also includes the institutional strengthening of the road sector under separate TA 7198(IND) which will enhance EA’s capacity for road asset development and management.

Description of Project 4. The proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the State Highway-15 and 44: Badi- Baktara-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni and Silwani-Udaypura Sub-project, lies in Raisen-Sehore district covering 58.8 and 28.6 kms respectively. The subproject will upgrade the existing bad to very bad road condition into a paved 2-lane divided carriageway configuration with improved road geometry, proper and adequate embankment, rehabilitation of existing bridges, adequate cross drainage structures and side drains, improvement of junctions/intersections, underpasses, and way side amenities. This road design will be adequate to cater to the volume of traffic until 2030 which is predicted to increase from the current 2799 to 11264 vehicles (average annual daily traffic) for SH-15 and 2944 to 11264 vehicles for SH-44. The sub-projects SH-15 and 44 will be implemented in 18-24 months with an estimated cost of INR 748.1 and 429.6 Million respectively. 5. The sub-project was classified as Category-B as provided in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) based on screening of likely impacts and sub-project location which does not pass through or located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. Under the ix

EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the subproject is categorised as Category ‘B” and does not require prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)1. 6. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report and sub-project details provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross- drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area impact zone is considered up to 7 km on both sides of road alignment to allow for a larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features.

Description of Environment 7. The Sub-Project passes through the district – Raisen and Sehore. The maximum temperature during summer season ranges from 33 to 44ºC and 10 to 27ºC during winter season. In the project district winds are generally light to moderate. The average wind velocity during summer season is about 8.3 km/hr. The maximum rainfall (1632 mm in 2006) is recorded in Sehore district during the last five years. The relative humidity is generally high exceeding 88% during monsoon season. 8. The ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) with concentrations of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx ranging from 61.2 to 112.8 µg/m3, 32.4 to 68.6 µg/m3, 5.2 to 9.1 µg/m3 and 6.2 to 11.2 µg/m3 respectively in the project area for SH-15 while it ranges from 41.3 to 122.6 µg/m3, 36.8 to 72.9 µg/m3, 5.2 to 9.2 µg/m3 and 5.5 to 10.7 µg/m3 respectively for SH-44. The noise levels are also within the prescribed limits. 9. The section of the project road that lies in the Sehore district has the physiography of the Narmada Basin valley while the area under Raisen district mainly comprises Vidhyan shells and sand/lime stone overlaid by recent alluvium formation. The project area is occupied by Deccan trap, alluvium and Vindhyan formations. The dominant soil type is Sandy clay loam with good organic content 10. The land use along the project sections SH-15 and 44 are predominantly agricultural with 7.05 and 2.6 km under protected and reserve forest category respectively at the distance of 16 m and 12 m on either side of the project road. Built-up area constitutes about less than 10% and rest is occupied for plantation, water bodies, community property resources, and miscellaneous use. 11. The project road section is drained by few rivers like Dobi, Tendoni, Bagan, Khand, Patharia and Naharia. The surface water sample taken from Tendoni, Bagan, Kharra and Narmada has been found suitable for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. However, the quality conforms to the prescribed standards for drinking water. 12. There are no wildlife-sanctuaries and national park near the project area. Since most part of the project corridor passes through open agricultural land, large

1 The EA has yet to formally approach MoEF for formal categorisation and grant of environmental clearance.

number of roadside trees is not affected considering to the length of the project road. Trees along roadside are mainly non-fruit bearing in nature whereas privately owned orchards are mostly comprised of fruit bearing trees. The major species observed are Mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seasam, mahua etc. During the survey langur and macaque were sighted in different locations. The existence of fauna like jackals, foxes, hare, and macaque was also reported. 13. Despite abundant water bodies in the project area, large scale/organized fishing was not observed along the project road due their seasonal behaviour. There is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 14. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The agriculture along the project section is dominated by Oilseed (Soyabeen in particular). The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The major industries in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. The total number of households in the villages of the project road for SH-15 and SH-44 are 9389 and 5207whereon the total population is 50073 and 29781. Out of these, about 77% and 83% is general in SH-15 and 44. The SC/ST population accounts for about 23% and 17% of the total population for SH-15 and 44. The project road passing through the Raisen and Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh covering 14 villages have total literacy rate of 63.34%. The population of literate male (60.4%) is comparatively higher than female (39.5%). Tribal population in the project area is low (8.8% in the project area).

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 15. All pre-construction, construction, and operation activities that were likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Consultations were made with the government representatives (District Forest Office, State Pollution Control Board, Water Resources Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and the District Rural Development Authority), local communities (Baktara, Budhni, Chandana Piapariya and Udaypura), and NGOs (Bhopal Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan, Ecosake Society for Environment Conservation and Social Awareness, Green Heart Nature Club, Forum for Environmental Protection, Energy Environment and Development Group, Centre for Envirocare and Energy Technology) between April to June 2010.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 16. The significant impacts during design and construction stage include the constricted sections of the roads which will be by-passed or require road alignment improvement to avoid and minimize resettlement and other sensitive structures and locations particularly in Badi (Ch. 0.0), Dobhi (28.95), Shahganj (40.8) and Forest area (47.2 to 58.2) for SH-15 and Silwani (Ch. 0.0), Chandana Piapariya (13.2), Patner (19.1) and Forest area (47.2 to 58.2) for SH-44. Since the sub-project area is having mixed terrain, flood situation may get exacerbated xi

due to inadequate cross drainage structures and raising of embankments without proper balancing culverts. An estimated 347 and 528 trees respectively for SH- 15 and 44 will be removed along the ROW to allow for road expansion but will be compensated at a rate of 1:10 plantations. Short-term deterioration of air quality may take place due to increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water sprinkling to control dust, use of clean fuels, changing the location and timing of construction activities and maintenance of equipments will minimize these impacts. Land use conversion particularly of residential areas and relocation of structures within the ROW will only be implemented following a meaningful consultation and acceptable compensation and relocation agreements. All borrow areas will comply with national laws and regulations. Impacts from the establishment and operation of the construction camps like generation and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, potable water requirements, health/hygiene, and safety is part of the contractor’s responsibility highlighting the need for compliance with applicable laws. Waste and material use minimization will be promoted to decrease the volume of wastes that will be generated. Traffic safety to workers and pedestrian, particularly to children is considered through the strict implementation of a Traffic Control Plan to be prepared by the contractor prior to construction activities and in consultation with the affected communities. 17. During operation stage, the main impacts are on the surface water hydrology since the construction of a road crosses several river/rivulets in the flood-affected sections which can act as impediment to natural flow of water. Other issues relate to increase in mobile emissions, road safety to motorist, pedestrian and animals. To minimize the impact on the local hydrology, adequate cross drains and their proper maintenance will be implemented. Information and education campaign through the use of signs and posters distributed along the roadside encouraging motorist to properly maintain their vehicles, and proper driving habits to reduce emissions, reduce fuel consumption, and promote safety will be made. Finally, traffic control measures will be implemented to ensure safety to pedestrian.

Conclusion 18. In general, the sub-project received immense support from local people with some concerns and apprehensions related to compensation for land and safety on roads. The local people appreciated that besides providing an all weather efficient connectivity to large population and improving the traffic scenario in the region, it will bear out several other positive economic and social benefits which outweigh the negative environmental impacts. 19. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the sub-project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed sub-project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background/Rationale 20. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 21. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 22. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010. The road sections details under MPSRSP III are given in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) I. BHOPAL PACKAGE 1 1 Bhind-Ater-Porsa SH-2 60.85 Bhind –Morena Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander- 2 2 SH-45 85.70 Bhind-Datia Chirgaon Shivpuri - Pichhore-Chanderi-Mungawali-Onder- 3 3 SH-19 146.50 Ashoknagar- Kurwai Vidisha 4 7 Manawar-Mangod SH-38 49.63 Dhar 5 9 Sardarpur-Rajgarh-Bagh SH-35 50.43 Dhar Shajapur- 6 10 Agar-Barod-Alot-Jawara SH-41 108.70 Ratlam-Ujjain- Pachor-Chapikheda-Jirapur-Machalpur- Rajgarh- 7 11 SH-51 86.70 Soyat Shajapur 8 13 Badi-Baktar-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni SH-15 58.78 Raisen-Sehore 9 14 Silwani-Udaipura Road SH-44 28.58 Raisen Total (Bhopal Pkg) 675.87

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) II. JABALPUR PACKAGE 10 16 Rahatgarh-Khurai-Khimlasa SH-42 47.48 Sagar Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad i/c Hata Town 11 18 SH-47 62.66 Damoh Portion Hata-Patera-Kumhari & Raipura- Damoh-Panna- 12 19 SH-48 91.28 Salaiya-Bahuribandh-Sihora Katni-Jabalpur 13 20A Amarpatan-Gorsari-Badera SH-13 46.50 Satna-Katni Sundara-Singhpur-Kothi-Jaitwara- Panna-Satna- 14 21 SH-52 85.29 Birsinghpur-Semaria Rewa 15 22 Sidhi-Beohari SH-55 71.29 Sidhi-Shahdol Total (Jabalpur Pkg) 404.49 Grand Total (Bhopal Pkg + Jabalpur 1,080.36 Pkg) Source: MPRDC

1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment 23. ADB has fielded TA: 7198 IND to assist MPSRDC Road Construction Department (RCD) in project preparation for possible financing of MPSRSP III. As a part of this TA and safeguard requirement of ADB, environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with relevant country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Each sub-project was scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. 24. The present report pertains to Badi-Baktara-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni (SH-15) and Silwani-Udaypura (SH-44) sub-project. This sub project is categorized as Category ‘B’ and hence an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been undertaken. 1.3. Purpose of the Study 25. This IEE report documents the environmental assessment of the Badi- Baktara-Budhni and Silwani-Udaypura road subproject and identifies the environmental issues to be considered at project planning and design stage. The IEE addresses the environmental management requirements of (i) the Government of India (GOI); (ii) the donor, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and (iii) the Project. In general, an IEE addresses the following:

o Provides information about the baseline environmental setting of the subproject; o Provides information on potential environmental impacts of the proposed subproject activities with its magnitude, distribution and duration 3

o Provides information on required mitigation measures with cost to minimize the impacts o Analyses the alternatives options considering alternative locations, designs, management approaches, for selection of most feasible and environmental acceptable options. o Provides details of stack holders consultation o Suggest environmental management and monitoring plan with institutional measures for effective implementation of mitigative measures proposed. 1.4. Extent of IEE 26. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report (DPR) provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. Certain changes may occur in the sub-project structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area is considered up to 7 km on either side of road alignment for larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features. Assessment is carried out for all components of environment covering terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil, water, noise and socio economic aspects. 1.5. IEE Content 27. The IEE has been largely structured as per SPS, 2009 and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). This includes following eight chapters including this introduction Chapter. • Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework • Chapter 3- Description of Project • Chapter 4- Description of Environment • Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation • Chapter 7- Environment Management Plan and Grievance Redressal Mechanism • Chapter 8- Conclusion and Recommendation 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 28. The environmental assessment has been carried out by the team of the environmental Experts of EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by the executing agency, design consultant, and state departments/agency of forest, water resources, and pollution control Board etc. 1.7. Methodology 29. Suitable methodology was adopted to accomplish the study. As the first step, project-scoping exercise was undertaken identifying the parameters needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data pertaining to all facets of

environment viz. physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources were collected. The stepwise activities includes: • Review of legal requirements • Review of feasibility study • Reconnaissance survey for identification of key issues data requirement and preliminary consultation. • Primary and Secondary data Collection • Consultation with stakeholders • Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures • Institutional Review and finalization of EMP in consultation with EA. 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources Key relevant information sources has been summarised in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Environmental Parameters Information Sources Project objectives, Technical Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation information on existing road (MPRDC) and Design Consultant features and proposed rehabilitation work Inventory of road features like Ground Physical surveys and Strip Plans by water Bodies, Community Design Consultant structures, environmentally sensitive locations areas, congested locations etc. Climatic Condition India meteorological Department, DPR, primary data collection Geology, Seismicity, Soil and Central Ground Water Authority, State of Topography Environment report published by SPCB, Government websites and primary data collection Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet, Observation during survey and Satellite Imagery Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, water resources, field observation and local people, GIS Based land use analysis Status of forest areas. Compensatory afforestation norms Divisional Forest Office, Raisen, Sehore etc. Status of Fishing Activity District Fisheries offices and Local Fishermen Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and analysis of field samples Borrow Areas, Quarries and other Design consultant and public consultation during construction material source field visit River geo-morphology, hydrology, Water resources department, DPR and drainage, flood patterns, information from local people, field observations Socio-economic Environment Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites maintained by state Govt., census of India 2001 and Public Consultation during the Field survey, through figures collected from Directorate of Statistics. 5

1.7.2. Public Consultation 30. Extensive consultations were held with all stakeholders’ viz. local and beneficiary population, govt. departments/agencies, fishermen, road users and NGOs with intent to collect baseline information, for better understanding of the potential impacts and appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information thus gathered was used to integrate it in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan. .

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project 31. The legal framework of the country consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. The Indian legal system has been critically reviewed to identify its applicability to the project. A list of all required clearances/ permissions related to environment has been summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project2

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency A. Pre-construction Stage Environmental EIA Notification, 2006 amended till State Not applicable Clearance3 date, promulgated under Environment Environmental for this (Protection) Act 1986 Impact particular road (not required Assessment stretch as it is 1 for this Sub- Authority an expansion Project) (SEIAA)4. of existing road and no new bypasses are to be constructed Permission for Forest Conservation Act (1980) District Level felling of trees Procedural Guidelines developed by Committee the Department of Environment GoMP, constituted by 2 MPRDC under the orders of the Hon’ble High the State Court; Tree removal will be guided as Govt. per state government rules. B. Implementation Stage

2 Since this project is not passing through any protected areas or ground water authority notified areas, therefore the following list of laws will not be applicable to this project. a. Central Ground Water Authority b. Wildlife (Protection) Act 2002 and rules thereof c. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remain Act 1958/Rules 1959

3 This Particular clearance is applicable to all new road projects as mentioned underneath. However for this road stretch as it is expansion of existing road and no bypasses are being constructed so this clearance is not applicable. The Notification and its latest amendment entails requirement of prior environmental clearance to the following road projects. Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 30 km, involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one State. Category B-ii) All State High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m mean seal level (msl) and or ecologically sensitive areas)

Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”. 4 The SEIAA has varying opinion about its applicability. EA propose to take official confirmation about applicability of this notification. EA will obtain the environmental clearance in case SEIAA directs about the same. 7

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency River Board Authorities/ Permission for Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Department of 3 Sand Mining Development) Act, 1957 as amended Contractor Mining Govt. from river bed in 1972 of Madhya Pradesh Consent to Madhya operate Hot mix Air (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 4 Contractor plant, Crushers, Pollution) Act 1981 Pollution Batching Plant Control Board Authorization Madhya for Disposal of Hazardous Waste (Management and Pradesh 5 Contractor Hazardous Handling) Rules 1989 Pollution Waste Control Board Consent for Madhya Disposal of Water (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 6 Contractor Sewage from Pollution) Act 1974 Pollution Labour camps Control Board Use of Fly ash within 100 kms Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended 7 MoEF Contractor around Thermal up to 17th August 2003: Power plants. Department of Pollution Under Transport, 8 Control Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Govt. of Contractor Certificate Madhya Pradesh The Building and Other Construction Employing District Labour 9 Workers (Regulation of Employment Contractor Labour/workers Commissioner and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996,

2.2. Environmental Clearance Process 32. The environmental clearance is not applicable for this sub-project since expansion is confined along the existing road corridor with no new bypass. However, the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance has been depicted as Figure 2.1 for reference purposes only.

Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework 9

33. The Government through specific legislations regulates the environmental management system in India. The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the part. Other Ministries/Statutory Bodies/departments responsible for ensuring environmental compliance and granting various clearances includes State ministry /Dept. of environment, regional offices of MoEF and state forests/wildlife departments. Their key roles and responsibilities and interface among them have been concisely depicted through the flow diagram in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1. Project Location 34. The sub-project roads Badi-Baktara-Shahganj-Budhni and Silwani- Udaypura, segments of SH-15 and SH-44 are 58.80 and 28.6 km long and passes through Raisen, Sehore district of Western Madhya Pradesh. The Location map of project road and MP State Highway Projects is given as Figure 3.1. This project is important as it provides connectivity to NH 69 & NH 12. (Refer Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 for schematic view)

Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-15 and SH-44

ROAD No. 13 BADI-BAKTARA -DOBI-SHAHGANJ-BUDHNI (58.80 Kms) TO BHOPAL (N.H-69) TO HOSHAGABAD BUDHNI Sq. (END POINT) JAHANPUR SHAHGANJ BAMETA DOBI BAKTARA

TO BARELI TO GOHARGANJ (N.H-12) BADI (START POINT) KEY PLAN OF ROAD (START / END POINTS)

Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road

ROAD No. 44 SILWANI-UDAYAPURA (28.60 Kms)

(N.H-

12) TO BHOPAL UDAYAPURA VILLAGE (END POINT) TO JABALPUR

VIJANHI

PATNER

CHICHOLI

SILWANI

TO SAGAR

Figure 3.3 Connectivity to the project Road

3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road

35. Right of Way and carriage way width: The existing carriageway is a single\intermediate\two lane road having flexible pavement with widths varying between 3.0 m to 7.0 m along the entire length of the project road. Right of Way (ROW) available for the entire project road is around 14-20 m on either sides from road centre line except in built up areas and forest sections where it is as low as 10 m. The existing road has earthen shoulder of about 1.0 m to 2.5 m on either sides of the project road. Chainage wise carriageway widths are provided in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details SH-15 Chainage Chainage Shoulder From To Width Type Type Width Badi – Budhni 0.000 0.200 3.5 CC EARTHEN 1.0 0.200 15.900 3.5 BT EARTHEN 1.0 15.900 17.400 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 17.400 29.100 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 29.100 29.600 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 29.600 40.700 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 40.700 42.300 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 42.300 47.400 3.75 BT EARTHEN 1.5 47.400 47.600 3.75 BT EARTHEN 1.5 47.600 58.800 3.75 BT EARTHEN 1.5

SH-44 CHAINAGE CHAINAGE SHOULDER From To WIDTH TYPE TYPE WIDTH Silwani-Udaypura 0.000 0.300 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 0.300 5.000 7.0 BT EARTHEN 1.5 5.000 17.000 3.5 / 7 BT EARTHEN 1.5 17.000 28.000 3.50 BT EARTHEN 1.5 28.000 28.600 3.50 BT EARTHEN 1.0 Source: DPR 36. Pavement and carriage way conditions: The pavement condition along the entire length of the road is generally fair to moderate. Riding quality is moderate. Mostly cracking exists throughout the road except in few stretches where pavement quality is good. Ravelling and potholes also exists at some locations. The existing crust at various stretches (refer Table 3.2) is in weak condition or inadequate and even frequent rutting, settlement, ravelling, poor riding quality and substantial pavement deflection is also seen at these stretches. Reconstruction is proposed at stretches with weak crust, or location where sub-grade failure is identified.

Table 3.2 : Road Stretches for Reconstruction

S.No. From To Length Badi-Baktara-Shahganj-Budhni 1 0.00 58.800 58.800 Silwani-Udaypura 1 0.00 28.600 28.600 Source: DPR 37. Alignment and Geometrics: There are many horizontal curves comprising very sharp turns which need to be improved to as per IRC 73 norms for State highway. Currently, an average travel speed of only 20 km/hr can be maintained due to sub standards geometry. There is no coherence between horizontal alignment and vertical profile. Set back distances are almost non- existent at curve locations; especially at sharp curves the provision is worse. 38. Cross Drainage (CD) Structures: Drainage condition for the entire road is found to be poor. The existing road does not have proper provision of side drains and requires an efficient drainage network and stable embankment slopes. There are two major bridges, nineteen minor bridges, forty three causeway and about one hundred and sixty two culverts along the project road. List of major and minor bridges along with survey chainages and conditions of existing structures are appended as ”Inventory and Condition Survey for Bridges” in Appendix 3.1. 39. Terrain and Landuse: Project road alignment traverses through plain terrain throughout except in small stretches where rolling and hilly terrain is encountered. Road elevations vary from ground level to typically 337.450 metres above ground. A number of river/rivulets drain the project influence area. The land use along the project road is mainly agricultural, with habitation and barren lands in few areas. 40. Road Intersections: There are 8 and 10 major intersection and 73 and 18 minor intersections on the SH-15 and SH-44 roads respectively. Almost all of these intersections are poor in geometrics and junction developments. The chainage-wise details of these intersections are given in Table 3.3

Table 3.3 : List of Major and Minor Intersections Chainage Type Side Destination Remarks Badi-Budhni Major Junction & Left To JABALPUR 0.000 T Start Point At Badi Right To Bhopal RIGHT To Patni Major Junction 2.275 + LEFT To Samanapur 2.790 T LEFT To Babai 3.800 T LEFT To Babai 4.800 T LEFT To Small Village RIGHT To Emiliya 7.525 + Major Junction LEFT To Amrawad 10.745 T RIGHT To Chandrawar 10.800 T LEFT To Gajikhedi 11.325 T RIGHT To Small Village 11.400 T RIGHT To Small Village RIGHT To Lakhanpur Major Junction 14.250 + LEFT To Kutna RIGHT To Siyaghan Major Junction 19.075 + LEFT To Jivantala 20.650 T RIGHT To Kosmi RIGHT To Amon Major Junction 23.275 + LEFT To Small Village RIGHT To Jait Major Junction 26.280 + LEFT To Madhu Bai 28.375 + RIGHT To Khoha Muari LEFT To Dobi 29.250 + RIGHT To Small Village Major Junction 29.450 T LEFT To Small Village RIGHT To Small Village Major Junction 31.480 + LEFT To Small Village 35.075 T RIGHT To Dugriya 36.210 + RIGHT To Small Village Major Junction LEFT To Bameta 36.700 T LEFT To Bameta 41.290 T RIGHT To Small Village 41.525 T RIGHT To Small Village RIGHT To Bhopal Major Junction 41.600 + LEFT To Small Village RIGHT To Tala Major Junction 46.370 + LEFT To Small Village 54.500 T LEFT To Joshi Pur Bhagabada 57.400 T LEFT To Jaspur 57.410 T LEFT To Small Village Major Junction & 58.900 T LEFT To Hoshangabad End Point at Budni Silwani-Udaypura Major Junction & 0.000 SQUARE Left To Sultanganj Sagar Start Point at Silwani

Chainage Type Side Destination Remarks

Right To Batera

0.950 T Left To Small Village 1.780 T Right To Begawan

3.050 T Left To Farm 3.500 T Right To Chicholi 4.200 + Right To Chicholi Major Junction 7.525 + Left To Dungaria Muar Major Junction Right To Chunetiya 10.745 T Left To Muar 5.500 + Right To Chunetiya Major Junction 11.325 T Left To Farm (Kachha Road) 6.900 T Right To Farm Right To Farm Major Junction 7.270 + Left To Muar Right To Farm (Kachha Road) Major Junction 8.000 + Left To Pada Paudi 8.450 T Right To Farm 9.200 T Left To Patha 11.700 T Right To Dhangawan Right To Nandpur Major Junction 12.200 + Left To Mahgawan 13.400 T Right To Nandpur Right To Chunetiya (Wbm Road) Major Junction 14.000 + Left To Chandan Pipariya Major Junction 15.000 T Right To Chilli Ct 20.500 T Left To Rewa Stone 22.650 T Right To Bijanhai 22.700 T Left To Bijanhai 22.800 T Right To Bijanhai To Udadmua (Kachcha Left 24.60028.200 TT Road) Left To Udayapura (Cc) 28.300 T Left To Udayapura (Cc) 28.450 T Left To Udayapura (Wbm) Right To Bhopal Major Junction & 28.600 Y End Point at Left To Jabalpur Udayapura Source: DPR

3.3. Category of the Project

41. The sub-project has been evaluated using the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist issued by ADB (Appendix-3.2) for Roads and Highways of the ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003. The sub-project road traverses primarily through agricultural land and few habitations. It neither passes through nor is located near any Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, or any other environmentally sensitive or ecologically or archeologically protected areas. The environmental 17

impacts envisaged are minimal and majority are co-terminus with the construction phase. Hence, the project has been classified as Category “B” in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.

3.4. Need for the Sub-Project

42. The main aim of developing this State highway is to provide connectivity to the selected townships with other major social and commercial centres within the district as well in the other parts of state. The sub project road holds strategic importance as it provides vital connectivity to Sehore & Raisen districts to the nearby districts namely Hoshangabad and Bhopal. The sub-project road will benefit more than 8 million populations (mainly rural) by providing improved transport and communication facilities which will contribute in accelerating the local economy. 43. The sub project road serves as important link for providing connectivity of National Highways NH-7 & NH-75. The traffic intensity at this sub-project road is increasing, necessitating augmentation of capacity for safe and efficient movement. The road condition is poor which reduces the average traffic speed to about 20 Km/h and also results in higher fuel consumption and vehicular pollution. Therefore, improvement of this subproject road is proposed to provide safe movement of increasing traffic at higher travel speeds with reduced travel time, accidents, overloading, and vehicle emissions. 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic 44. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of sub-project road is studied Near Gadyara Nala (chainage km 58.30) for SH-15 and Silwani village for SH-44 is presented in the Table 3.4. .

Table 3.4 : ADT of Project Road Average Daily Section Average daily PCUs Traffic Badi - Budhni 2799 2924 Silwani - Udayapura 2944 2850 Source: DPR 45. Projected Traffic: The maximum traffic projection at Near Gadyara Nala (CH 58) location for the year 2009 to 2029 is given at Table 3.5. It is expected that the traffic volume is doubled by the year 2019 i.e. 5995 (5414 PCU) and will be more than three times after 20 years i.e. 11264 (9165 PCU). The summary of projected traffic is given at Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road Project Road 2009 2014 2019 2024 2029 From To 2799 4162 5995 8087 11264 Badi Bhudhni (2921) (4027) (5414) (6930) (9165) Source: DPR Note: Values in bracket indicate PCUs/day

46. The capacity of different carriageways is 6000, 15000 and 18000 PCUs per day for intermediate lane, 2 lane with earthen shoulders and 2 lane with Paved shoulders respectively. Analysing the capacity of Design Service Volume of Carriage ways and the projected traffic, it is concluded that the project road requires two lanes with earthen shoulder by 2018- 2023.

3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 47. The sub project road rehabilitation involves activities like widening, realignment, intersections improvement, correction in road geometry and raising the embankment height in at certain stretches of the road to meet the design norms defined for state highways under IRC codes. The brief of all key project activities are described below: 48. Realignment and Curvature Improvement: To avoid resettlement / rehabilitation and land acquisition issues existing alignment is followed with substandard geometry. There are many sharp curves in the existing road which need to be improved to develop a high-speed highway. In plain or rolling terrain, a minimum curve radius of 230 m is considered to achieve design speed. Absolute minimum radius of 150 m is used at location with space constraints (e.g. urban areas, structure approach & Forest Areas). These locations are tabulated in Appendix 3.3. 3.6.1. Proposed Cross Section Details 49. Lane Width and Earthen Shoulder: In order to meet future traffic requirement the existing carriageway is proposed to be upgraded to Two Lane with Earthen Shoulder to achieve high speed of travel with comfort and safety. 7m wide carriageway is proposed with basic traffic lane width of 3.50m. Earthen shoulders of 2.50 m wide is proposed on either side of the proposed main carriageway for rural plain and rolling terrains. In stretches like hilly or forest area earthen shoulder is restricted to 1.00m 50. Footpath: The minimum width of footpath in urban stretches is proposed to be 1.00m. The side drain in such stretches may be accommodated under the footpath. 51. Utility Corridor: Minimum width of utility corridor for rural sections will be 2.0m and for urban/ built-up sections will be 1.00m. 52. Side Slopes: The side slopes are proposed based on embankment height and is as follows For fill sections, the following side slopes are proposed: Embankment height up to 3.0 m - 2H: 1V Embankment height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m - 1.5H: 1V Embankment height exceeding 6.0 m - To be designed based on soil parameters. Cut slopes will be as follows Soil - 1H: 1V 19

53. Cross fall : Carriageway will have crossfall of 3.0%. For earthen shoulders crossfall value will be 4.0%. Figure 3.3 shows the typical cross section to be followed on the project stretch.

SECTION- I

Figure 3.4 : Typical Cross section of the project Road

3.6.2. Pavement Design and Widening: 54. Existing road will be widened to improve the capacity as well as horizontal geometrics. A combination of overlay and new construction will be followed for proposed improvements. At a number of places, the vertical profile will be changed to improve the vertical geometrics. This will require reconstruction after partial or full removal of the existing pavement, depending upon sub-grade condition. In urban areas cement concrete pavement along with side drain is proposed. 55. Concentric widening scheme is followed to minimise land acquisition issues and to ensure maximum utilisation of existing carriageway. The improvement is proposed to the existing pavement to meet the design requirement of 2.5 m. In specific stretches where the pavement is damaged / deteriorated special treatments, are proposed. The improvement proposal includes overlay of BC=30mm, DBM=50mm, or raising and reconstruction with WMM, or raising and reconstruction with GSB. The details of existing carriage way and widening proposal is given at Table 3.6 and Table 3.7.

Table 3.6 : Details of Existing Carriage Way with Widening Proposal S. Existing Chainage Proposed Length Existing Proposed No. From To From To (mt.) Carriageway Carriageway Badi-Budhni 1 0.000 0.200 0.000 0.200 0.200 3.5 7.0 2 0.200 15.900 0.200 15.900 15.700 3.5 7.0 3 15.900 17.400 15.900 17.400 1.500 7.0 7.0 4 17.400 29.100 17.400 29.100 11.700 7.0 7.0 5 29.100 29.600 29.100 29.600 0.500 7.0 7.0 6 29.600 40.700 29.600 40.700 11.100 7.0 7.0

7 40.700 42.300 40.700 42.300 1.600 7.0 7.0 8 42.300 47.400 42.300 47.400 5.100 3.75 7.0 9 47.400 47.600 47.400 47.600 0.200 3.75 7.0 10 47.600 58.800 47.600 58.800 11.200 3.75 7.0 Silwani-Udaypura 1 0.000 0.300 0.000 0.300 0.300 7.0 7.0 2 0.300 5.000 0.300 5.000 4.700 7.0 7.0 3 5.000 17.000 5.000 17.000 12.000 3.5 / 7 7.0 4 17.000 28.000 17.000 28.000 11.000 3.50 7.0 5 28.000 28.600 28.000 28.600 0.600 3.50 7.0 Source: DPR

Table 3.7 : Proposed Improvement Shoulder Section (in Km) S. No. Improvement Proposed From To Badi-Budhni 1 Two lane with earthen shoulder 0.00 58.800 Silwani-Udaypura 1 Two lane with earthen shoulder 0.00 28.600 Source: DPR 3.6.3. Improvement Proposal for Intersection 56. Improvement scheme in respect of each junction is prepared to smooth movement of traffic. The improvement proposal suggested include either left in left out approach or channelized intersection design. 3.6.4. Design of Road Side Drains 57. For a sound drainage system open lined drain and chute drains in RCC on hill side in mountainous terrain and slopes of high embankment respectively and as rapids on high cut sections is followed. The construction of an underground drain 1 m x 1 m lined with RCC-20 cm thick and covered with RCC slab10 cm in thickness is proposed at urban and semi-urban stretches. Details about the drainage are given in Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain Proposed Chainage (km) Length ( L+R) S. No. Remarks From To (m) Badi-Budhni 1 0.00 0.200 200+200 Badi 2 15.900 17.400 1500 + 1500 Baktara 3 29.100 29.600 500 + 500 Dobi 4 40.700 42.300 1600+1600 Shahganj 5 47.400 47.600 200+200 Jahanpur Silwani-Udaypura 1 0.00 0.300 300+300 Silwani 2 28.000 28.600 600 + 600 Udaipura Source: DPR 3.6.5. Traffic Control and Safety Measures 58. In addition to adequate provisions for roadway width, geometric elements and junction improvement, the following provisions are proposed to enhance the safety of road users. Due consideration has been made for the provisions contained in IRC: SP 44-1994, “Highway Safety Code”. Also, various measures have been proposed to increase traffic control for the High-speed highway. 3.6.5.1 Crash Barrier : 59. Safety barrier of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid type are proposed at following locations. In general W-beam crash barrier is proposed..

♦ Non-traversable road side embankments ♦ Where embankment height is 3m or more ♦ Where embankment is retained by a retaining structure ♦ On valley sides of highway in hill sections ♦ Miscellaneous hazardous locations (like proximity to water structures, non-collapsible sign supports, buildings etc.) ♦ Between main carriageway and footpath in bridges 60. The crash barrier locations are given in Table 3.9:

Table 3.9 : Crash Barrier Location Proposed Chainage (km) Length (m) From To Badi-Budhni 32.390 32.420 30 32.530 32.560 30 45.000 45.030 30 55.285 55.315 30 Silwani-Udaypura 2.810 2.840 30 10.885 10.915 30 16.525 16.555 30 Source: DPR 3.6.5.2 Road Signs 61. Adequate road signs are proposed for the project road in order to provide advance information to regulate/control traffic flow and ensure safety of operations. All road signs are provided in accordance with IRC 67. 62. Appropriate road markings are provided with stop signs, give-way signs, traffic merging and diverging signs, lane closure signs, compulsory keep left/right signs or any other signs as per IRC-67. Advance cautionary signs are proposed for sharp curves along with chevron signs at the outer edge of the curves. In hilly areas, curve-ahead signs are accompanied with appropriate delineators. 63. The signs will be of retro reflective sheetings of high intensity grade with encapsulated lens and fixing details as per of MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, 2001 are proposed. 3.6.5.3 Pavement Markings 64. In project road, pavement markings are proposed as per IRC: 35-1997, “Code of Practice for Road Marking” with centre-line, edge line, continuity line, stop line, give way lines, diagonal/chevron markings and zebra crossings. The pavement marking shall be of hot applied thermoplastic paint with glass beads as per the MORT&H specification for Road and Bridge Works, 2001. 3.6.6. Slope Stabilisation and Protection Works 65. Erosion is proposed to be minimized largely by the use of flat side slopes, rounded and blended with natural terrain; serrated cut slopes; drainage channels designed with due regard to width, depth, slopes, alignment, and protective treatment; inlets located and spaced for erosion control prevention of erosion at culvert outlets; proper facilities for groundwater interception; dikes, berms, and other protective devices to trap sediment at strategic locations; and protective ground covers and planting. 66. High embankment will be site specifically designed considering the quality of the available material, prevalent moisture condition and associated pore water pressure, bearing capacity of the founding strata and the requirement of any preloading etc. 23

67. Other stabilisation measures as Concrete block pitching and Launching apron in CC blocks are proposed to be adopted on case to case basis after thorough study of the problematic sites.

3.6.7. Improvement Proposal for Bridges and Drainage Structure 68. There are two major bridges and ten minor bridges. The rehabilitation of the bridge includes the activities like change of damaged handrails, replacement of defective expansion joints, repairing of minor cracks, repairing of solid slab having signs of damage, cleaning by sand blasting of corroded steel reinforcement and additional reinforcement where necessary, strengthening and repairing with PMC of RCC solid slabs which show honeycombing, removal of existing wearing coat and replacement with new wearing coat of 50 mm thick bituminous concrete after laying 12 mm thick mastic asphalt, strengthening of approaches. 69. Water way/ ventway will be cleaned if vegetation growth is impeding the main water channel. The channel will be dredged if excessive siltation has blocked the waterway. Spur, dykes will be provided to change the water course if it is found that due to the flow direction, excessive scouring is occurring near one of pier or abutment and it is in danger. 3.6.8. Improvement Proposal for Causeways 70. There are no proposals for causeways. 3.6.9. Improvement Proposal for Culverts 71. There are 67 culverts consisting of 59 pipe culverts, 08 Slab type, culverts for SH-15 and culverts consisting of 36 pipe culverts, 07 Slab type culverts for SH-44. The culverts are proposed to be widened for carriage way width of 12 m. The improvement proposals include dismantling and recasting of head walls, ded replacement with proper designs. Many of the culverts have vegetation in the channels apart from some sand mounds causing vent way obstructions, which need clearing. Pipe diameter less than 0.9 m is to be replaced by 1.2 m diameter pipe. The culverts which are completely damaged or distressed are proposed for reconstruction. The culvert retained and repaired as mentioned above will be widen to match with formation width of road section. 3.6.10. Utilities and Services 72. Utilities and Services are seen only in the vicinity of towns, villages and roadside establishments the project road alignment traverses through either open area or agricultural land with small stretches of forest area. As the project road connects the major towns namely Badi, Bhudhni, Silwani and Udaypura all major utilities run adjacent to the road alignment. Electric and telephone lines almost follow the existing road alignment. These have to be relocated.

3.7. Material required and Sourcing The various construction materials which will require for the project road construction and other activities are listed below. • Borrow Soil • Aggregate • Granular material • Sand • Cement • Bitumen • Steel • Water 3.7.1. Borrow soil 73. Borrow Soil identified during survey for DPR study revealed that it can be used for road embankment as well as for Sub grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road and approximate available quantity are given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10 : List of Borrow Area

S. No. Location Villages Distance from project corridor Badi-Budhni 1. Km. 4.80 Narad Kheda 0.5 Km. on both sides 2. Km. 15.90 Baktara 0.5 Km. on both sides 3. Km. 23.10 Amon 0.2 to 0.5 Km. on both sides 4. Km. 33.40 Jawahar Kheda 0.2 to 0.5 Km. on both sides 5. Km. 46.40 Jahanpur 0.2 to 0.5 Km. on both sides 6. Km. 34.10 Kharra Nadi 100 – 150 m. on both sides 7. Km. 48.45 Narmada Nadi 500 m. on both sides 8. Km. 57.80 Gunjari Nadi 100-150 m Silwani-Udaypura 1. Km. 0 Silwani 0.1 Km. to 1.51 Km. on both sides 2. Km. 4.8 Chicholi 500 m. to 1000 m. on both sides 3. Km. 19.3 Patner 500 m. to 1 Km. on both sides 4. Km. 23.4 Vijanhie 500 m. to 1000 m. on both sides Source: DPR 3.7.2. Aggregate 74. Aggregate stone is basic ingredient in road construction. Investigation of quarry area was carried out for DPR study to ascertain the potential source of aggregate for the construction of different pavement layers like Bituminous Concrete (BC), Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), 25

Bituminous Macadam (BM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Granular Sub- base, sand for cement concrete works and GSB. The nearby borrow areas identified are given in Table 3.11:

Table 3.11 : List of Borrow Area

S. No. Location Chainage (km.) Badi-Budhni 1. 30 to 35 Km. on Right side 0.00 Silwani-Udaypura 1. 150 m. on left side 23.30 2. 150 m. on left side 200 m. on right side 24.20 Source: DPR 3.7.3. Sand 75. Sand to be used in the concrete work during construction is available at the locations given in Table 3.12

Table 3.12 : List of Sand Area

S. No. Location Chainage (km.) Badi-Budhni 1 Kharra Nadi 100-150m. on both sides 34.10 Km. 2 Narmada Nadi 500m on both sides 48.45 Km. 3 Gunjari nadi 100-150m on both sides 57.80 Km. Silwani-Udaypura 1. 100 m. -200 m. on right side 15.05 Km. Source: DPR 3.7.4. Cement 76. There are so many factories of cement manufacturing in Madhya Pradesh. The cement can be procured from the open market. 3.7.5. Bitumen 77. Nearest source of bitumen is Mathura refinery, Uttar Pradesh and Koyali Refinery, Gujarat. Bitumen of VG-10 equivalent of 80-100 or VG-30 equivalent of 60-70 penetration grade from above mentioned Refinery, is proposed to be used for bituminous work. 3.7.6. Steel 78. There is numbers of steel rolling factories is situated in Madhya Pradesh, with various grade of steel. The steel is to be purchase from the open market.

3.7.7. Water 79. Ground water and surface water in the vicinity of the project road is proposed to be used as a source of water for construction activities. The total quantity of water required for construction activities in the project will be about 300 and 150 KLD respectively for SH-15 and SH-44. 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 80. The project is in the detailed design stage. The construction of widening of the road to 2- lane road will be implemented in 24 months. The estimated cost of the project excluding R & R and EMP for SH-15 and SH-44 is estimated to be respectively INR 748, 152, 694/- and INR 429, 693, 635 /-.

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 81. Baseline environmental conditions about all facets of environment viz. physical, biological and socio-economic have been established using both primary and secondary sources. Efforts have been made to collect the latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the project corridor. This will help to predict likely changes in the environment due to the project and will serve as performance indicators for various components. 82. The project road is a section of SH-15 and SH-44 measuring 58.9 and 28.6 km in length and located in Raisen and Sehore districts of Madhya Pradesh. A summary of the project districts is given in Table 4.1

Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts

S. Parameters Raisen Sehore No. . Sehore district is located in . Raisen district is located in the central part of Madhya the central part of Madhya Pradesh and occupies as Pradesh and occupies as area of 6579 sq km area of 8,466 sq km . The district is encircled by . The district is bounded in Guna district in the North, the west by Sehore district, Vidisha and Raisen in the in the north by Vidisha, in east, Hoshangabad and the east and south-east by Dewas in the South and Sagar, and in the south by 1. General Shajapur and Rajgarh in the Hoshangabad and Sehore west. districts. . The district extends between . The district extends 0 between the latitude of 22º the latitude of 22 33’ 30” and 0 47' to 23º 33' north, 23 40’ 25” north, longitude of longitude of 77º 21' to 78º 0 0 78 26’ 00” and 78 02’ 00” 49'.east. east. . It is located at an elevation . It is located at an elevation of m above 440 m MSL of 502 m above MSL . Temperature goes up to 42 . Temperature goes up to oC (max.). 42.4 oC (max.). 2. Climate . It receives a normal rainfall . It receives a normal rainfall of 1200 mm of annually. of 1261.1 mm of annually. Ecologically Sensitive Area Wild Life Ratapani Sanctuary None Sanctuaries National Parks None None Tiger Reserves None None 3. Elephant Reserves None None Budhni R.F, Chakla R.F,Rethi R.F,Ichhawar R.F, Sehpre R.F, Reserve/Protected None Larkui R.F, Chhawar R.F, Forests Narpakheri P.F, Kalara R.F, Mendora R.F 4. Geomorphology

S. Parameters Raisen Sehore No. Central plateau and hill region The District extends over three and forms Vindhyan Plateau physiographic divisions. They sub-group are : 1. Major 1. Narmada Basin Valley Physiographic Units 2. Chambal Basin Valley 3. Betwa Basin

Betwa, Bina and Narmada River Ajnal, Newaj, Paru, Papnas, Parva, Sewan, Utooli, Babbar, 2. Major Drainage Dobi, Kolar , Parvati, Dudhi, Newaj, Papnas, Kulans, Seewan, Lotia and Narmada. Deep Black soil, River alluvial Black Cotton 5. Major Soil Type soil. wheat, pea and soybean are the Wheat, Rice, Jawar, Maize and 6. Principal Crops main crops cultivated Soyabean are the major crops sown in the district. Deccan Trap basalts Predominant Soft Rock- Alluvium, underlained by Vindhyan 7. Geological Hard rock- Vindhyan and sandstone and alluvium Formations Deccan Trap

Vidhyan shells and sand/lime Weathered/vesicular basalt, flow stone overlaid by recent contacts, fractured sandstone 8. Hydrogeology alluvium formation. and granular sand

Source: Central Ground Water Authority Report and other District/Govt. websites

4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate 83. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate characterized by hot summer season and dryness except southwest monsoon season. Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter (December- February). The maximum temperature during summer season ranges from 33 to 44ºC and 10 to 27ºC during winter season. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm which decreases from east to west. The southeastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm, while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm or less.

Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh 84. The Sub-Project passes through the district – Raisen and Sehore where July is the wettest month of the year and about 36% of the annual rainfall takes place during this month. The winter season starts from end of November and continues till February. January is the coldest month of the year. The individual day temperature becomes as low as 1 or 2 oC. From March onwards, the temperature starts rising and maximum temperature is observed during the month of May. During southwest monsoon the relative humidity is generally high exceeding about 88% in August. Humidity decreases in the post monsoon season 85. Winds are generally light to moderate with some slight strengthening in force during the monsoon season. The wind velocity in the post monsoon or during the winter season is, in general, low as compared to Pre monsoon or summer season. The normal average and wind velocity is about 8.3 Km/hr. 86. Highest amount of rainfall was received in 2006 for both the districts in the last six years. About 92.4% of the annual rainfall takes place during the southwest monsoon period i.e. between June to September. Monthly rainfall details for last six years in the project district Raisen and Sehore have been summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 : Rainfall (mm) in the project districts during last six years

Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total Sehore 2004 67.1 0 N.A. N.A. 0 95.5 380.2 589.8 32.7 18.6 0 0 N.A. 2005 N.A. N.A. 17.4 N.A. 0 100.7 411.3 139.6 157.7 0 0 0 N.A. 2006 0 0 74.8 0 63.9 40.1 367.8 736.6 348.5 1.1 0 0 1632.8 2007 0 9 0 0 2.9 98.1 423.3 229.1 130.6 0 0 0 893 2008 0 0 0 0 0 76.4 207 224.8 126.9 15.4 29 0 679.5 2009 19.9 0 0 1.1 9.5 71.2 397.4 189.9 88.9 84.6 91.8 0 954.3 Raisen 2004 35.1 0 0 0 15.2 145.6 193 354.2 70.3 78.1 25.4 0 916.9 2005 7 3.4 16 0 0 90.4 752.3 214.9 154 0 0 0 1238 2006 0 0 7.5 0 13 53.6 339.7 450.8 272.1 3.6 2.6 0 1142.9 2007 0 8.1 1 0 5.2 164.8 392.8 156.2 79.8 0 0 0 807.9 2008 0 0 0 0 0.3 325.7 222.8 244.5 117.1 8.6 6.3 0 925.3 2009 6.3 0 0 0 11.3 62 336.7 196 313.6 58.6 70.8 23.6 1078.9 Source: India Meteorological Department, Delhi 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality 87. In absence of any existing data on ambient air quality and noise levels of the project area, onsite monitoring was conducted at few selected locations. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources other than traffic and few brick-kilns existing in the area. Moreover, these are located in open area and operate only for few months. 4.1.2.1 Air Quality 88. The 24 hourly average ambient air quality levels with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen are shown in Table 4.3. The Table reveals that SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx range from 61.2 to 112.8 µg/m3, 32.4 to 68.6 µg/m3, 5.2 to 9.1 µg/m3 and 6.2 to 11.2 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (Appendix 4.1).

Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly)

Location RSPM SPM SO2 NOx Badi-Budhni Max 68.6 112.8 9.1 8.2 Badi Min 57.3 93.7 7.8 6.6 Avg. 64.2 105.2 8.5 7.3 Max 52.6 98.8 8.8 8.6 Nanpone Min 32.4 61.2 6.6 6.2 Avg. 44.3 81.5 7.5 7.3 Max 58.7 103.4 8.1 11.2 Baktara Min 41.5 80.3 5.2 8.3 Avg. 52.1 90.5 6.6 9.8 Max 63.3 111.4 9.1 10.7 Hirji Min 39.7 90.5 6.3 7.4 Avg. 50 102.6 7.8 9 Silwani-Udaypura Max 72.9 122.6 9.2 8.1 Silwani Min 54.3 93.2 6.8 5.5 Avg 66.2 110.1 7.9 7.1 Max 62.3 95.9 8.7 8.4 Chicholi Min 36.8 63.4 5.2 6.2 Avg 48.2 85.2 6.8 7.4 Max 55.68 100.3 8.3 10.2 Chandna Min 43.2 78.2 5.9 8.2 Avg 50.3 87.2 7.4 9.6 Max 66.3 86.2 8.9 10.7 Vijanhie Min 42.5 41.3 6.4 7.3 Avg 53.2 70.4 7.7 8.5 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.2.2 Noise 89. The ambient noise levels (Table 4.4) at most of the locations is well within the permissible limits as prescribed by CPCB for day time and night time. Overall the noise levels in the project region are not disturbing.

Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB (A) along the Project Corridor Noise level in dB (A) S. No. Location Day Night Badi-Budhni 1 Badi (0.00 Km) 46.6 37.4 2 Amon (22.900Km) 44.3 35.5 3 Dobhi (28.950 Km) 42.4 32.1 4 Jawahar Kheda (32.850 Km) 43.7 34.4 5 Hirji (47.200 Km) 44.5 35.3 6 Budhni (58.00 Km) 42.8 34.6 Silwani-Udaypura 1 Silwani 44.2 37.2 2 Chicholi 44.6 34.9 3 Chandna 43.5 33.1 4 Vijanhie 46.4 34.8 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology 90. The project road lies between 77º44’ E to 78º4’ E and 22º48’ N to 23º2’ N and lies in 2 districts Raisen and Sehore. The topography of the region is mixed type. It has mostly plain terrain with some portion of hilly/rolling terrain and also passes through protected forest. The road situated on the Central plateau & hill region agro climate zone and forms Vindhya Plateau sub-group. 91. Physiographically, the Sehore district has been divided into three units based on the valleys formed by the major rivers i.e. • Narmada basin valley, • Chambal basin valley and • Betwa basin valley. 92. The section of the project road that lies in the Sehore district has the physiography of the Narmada Basin valley. In the district the Narmada basin valley comprises an area of about 3295 Km2. The surface water divide running between Ichhawar and Bilkishganj roughly marks the northern boundary of the basin. The northern boundary is marked by low- lying hills and or high grounds. The basin area is highly undulating with isolated hills and plains. The ground elevation ranges between 300 m and 667 m. above m.s.l. The ground slopes from north to south and east to west. The hydrological features of the Narmada Basin are given in Table 4.5

Table 4.5 : Hydrological features of the Narmada Basin Name of the Catchments Total length in Total yield at 75% Basin 2 river area in Km km dependability Babbar 287.0 38.0 124.84 NARMADA Dobi 152.0 25.0 66.12 BASIN Kolar 960.0 103.0 417.60 Sip 796.0 72.0 320.16 NARMADA Independent 908.0 - 394.38 BASIN Total 3103.0 - 1323.70 Source: DPR 93. The rest of the section of the project road falls under the Raisen district. Stratigraphically, this area mainly comprises Vidhyan shells and sand/lime stone overlaid by recent alluvium formation 4.1.4. Geology/Soil 94. The project area is occupied by Deccan trap, alluvium and Vindhyan formations. A generalised geological succession of the Raisen district is given in Table 4.6

Table 4.6 : Generalised Geological succession of the Raisen district Age Group Rocks formation Pleistocene to Recent Deccan Trap Alluvium and soil U. Cretaceous to L. Infra-Trappeans Lameta Beds Eocene U. Proterozoic Vindhyan Super Group Sandstone and Shale 95. Vindhyan Formations: Upper Vindhyan formations comprising of sandstone shales and breccias are exposed in the northern and eastern part of the Sehore district. The small patch of the area falling in the northern part is exposed in the form of hills. It comprises of sandstones. A major part of Budhni block, except east and western parts, is occupied by Vindhyan formation and comprises of sandstone and shales. The sandstones are normally hard, Quartzitic, massive and compact. However, they are jointed at the surface level. Deccan trap formations: The general flow is characteristic of lava flows in the area are the most of the flows are of ‘Aa’ type in nature being disposed in a three-fold system along a vertical column. Each flow normally consists of an upper fragmentary zone, a middle massive part and an impersistent thin layer of basalt clinkers. Alluvium: Recent to sub-recent alluvial formations of significant extension occur in the southeastern part of the Sehore district falling in Budhni block. The alluvial formation in this part occurs along the Narmada River. The other patches of alluvial formation, though insignificant in both aerial extension and thickness occur along the major rivers and streams flowing in the area. The alluvial formations comprises of Silt, Clay, Sand, Gravel and Pebbles Cobbles etc. with Kankar. The district is covered mostly with Deccan trap formation deposited over the rocks of Vindhyan system. The alluvial area in the district occurs mainly along Narmada and Parbati rivers.

4.1.4.2 Soil Quality 96. Soil: The soil type of Raisen district is mainly Deep Black soil, River alluvial soil. The alluvium consists of clay, silt, sand, gravels and pebbles. The project district Sehore is generally covered with black cotton soils covering almost three fourths of the area. This part is occupied by Deccan Basalts. The rest part has red-yellow mixed soils derived from sandstone, shale, gneiss. The alluvial soils are found along the river courses. The higher elevations i.e. the hilly regions have a cover of murum, which is made up of small rounded pieces of weathered trap. The Vindhyans and Bijawars have a thin cover of sandy loams. The soils in granitic area are clayey. The schist has a thin capping of loam with lot of quartz grains. The alluvium is derived from hill slopes by numerous streams and watercourses 97. The soil sample has been collected at four locations in the project sections for SH-15 and SH-44 are shown in Table 4.7. The Table reveals that the dominant soil type is Sandy clay loam with good organic content.

Table 4.7 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road

S. Location Parameters No. Badi Nanpone Dobhi Hirji 1 Colour Brown Brown Brown Brown 2 pH (20% slurry) 9.1 8.5 8.7 8.2 Conductivity (μmhos 3 285 270 320 305 / cm, 20% slurry) 4 Moisture (%) 1.62 1.78 1.83 1.65 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0532 0.0511 0.055 0.0485 6 Bulk density (g/cc) 1.28 1.22 1.36 1.34 7 Porosity (%v/v) 0.65 0.72 0.88 0.85 Water Holding 8 31 27 32 30 Capacity (%) 9 CEC meq/100g 27.3 28.2 31.2 28.3 10 Carbonate (%) NT NT NT NT 11 Bicarbonate (%) 0.0635 0.0781 0.0832 0.0745 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.48 0.65 0.68 0.55 Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay 13 Texture Loam Loam Loam Loam 14 Nitrogen % 1.38 1.46 1.52 1.26 15 Potassium ,kg/h 1.7 1.51 1.62 1.57 16 Phosphorous, kg/h 30.3 32.7 34.5 30.3 Source: Field Monitoring

4.1.5. Seismicity 98. The project region falls in Zones II & III i.e., low to moderate risk zone of seismcity and low hazard zone in Hazard map. The hazard and seismic zoning map is shown in Figure 4.2 35

Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002

Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zone Map 4.1.6. Land use 99. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in Table 4.8. The Table shows that the major portion of the land use is under agriculture (48.69%) followed by forest cover (28%).

Table 4.8 : Land Use Pattern in the State

Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 30824 Reporting Area for land utilization 30756 100 Net area Sown 14975 48.7 Forest* 8688 28.2 Area not available for cultivation 3364 10.9 Permanent Pasture & Grazing land 1341 4.3 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 20 0.06 Cultivable waste land 1175 3.8 Fallow land other than current fallows 596 1.9 Current fallows 596 1.9 Source: DPR * The data is given for 2004-05 (as per availability) including Reserved & Protected Forest 100. Land Use Pattern along the project road Section: Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture and residential areas. Chainage-wise land use along the project road is given in Table 4.9. There are also few public and private settlements along the project road.

Table 4.9 : Land Use Pattern along the project road Chainage Chainage Land Use Remark From To Badi-Budhni 0.000 0.100 Built-up area Town - Badi 0.100 0.200 Built-up area Town - Badi 0.200 4.450 Built-up area Town - Badi 4.450 4.600 Agricultural land Village - 4.600 4.800 Built-up area Naradkheda 4.800 7.500 Agricultural land 7.500 8.800 Agricultural land 8.800 9.000 Built-up area land Village - Silgana 9.000 10.600 Agricultural land Village - 10.600 10.800 Built-up area Chandrawar 10.800 11.200 Agricultural land 11.200 11.400 Built-up area Village - Nanpone 11.400 14.050 Agricultural land 14.050 14.600 Built-up area Village - Digwa 14.600 15.700 Agricultural land 15.700 15.900 Agricultural land 15.900 16.800 Built-up area Village - Baktara 16.800 17.400 Built-up area Village - Baktara 17.400 20.700 Agricultural land 20.700 21.300 Agricultural land 21.300 21.900 Built-up area Village - Khitwai 21.900 23.100 Agricultural land 23.100 23.400 Built-up area Village - Amon 23.400 29.100 Agricultural land 29.100 29.300 Built-up area Village - Dobi 29.300 29.600 Built-up area Village - Dobi 29.600 33.400 Agricultural land Village – Jawahar 33.400 33.600 Built-up area Kheda 33.600 37.600 Agricultural land 37.600 38.000 Built-up area Village - Bameta 38.000 40.700 Agricultural land 40.700 41.000 Built-up area Village - Shahganj 41.000 41.500 Built-up area Village - Shahganj 41.500 42.300 Built-up area Village - Shahganj 42.300 43.200 Agricultural land 43.200 43.300 Built-up area Village - Hirji 43.300 43.500 Agricultural land 37

Chainage Chainage Land Use Remark From To 43.500 44.300 Agricultural land 44.300 46.200 Agricultural land 46.200 46.350 Agricultural land 46.350 46.400 Built-up area Village - Jahanpur 46.400 46.550 Built up area Village - Jahanpur 46.550 47.100 Agricultural land 47.100 47.250 agricultural land 47.250 49.250 forest, both sides 49.250 50.950 agricultural land 50.950 51.000 forest, both sides 51.000 51.650 forest, both sides 51.650 52.700 agricultural land 52.700 53.400 agricultural land (l) 53.400 56.350 agricultural land (l) 56.350 56.500 agricultural land 56.500 57.000 agricultural land 57.000 57.450 Built-up area Village - Basapur Village - Basapur(L) 57.450 57.750 Built-up area (l) /FOREST ( R) Village - Budhni( R) 57.750 58.200 Built-up area ( r) FOREST ( L) 58.200 58.900 Built-up area Village -Budhni Silwani-Udaypura 0.000 0.600 builtup area Town - Silwani 0.600 0.700 builtup area Town - Silwani 0.700 1.100 agricultural land Village 1.100 1.200 agricultural land 1.200 1.900 builtup area Village - Begawan 1.900 3.600 agricultural land 3.600 4.700 agricultural land 4.700 4.800 builtup area Village - Chicholi 4.800 5.600 agricultural land 5.600 11.500 agricultural land 11.500 13.900 agricultural land Village – Chandan 13.900 14.100 builtup area Pipariya 14.100 14.500 agricultural land 14.500 14.700 agricultural land 14.700 15.700 agricultural land 15.700 16.600 agricultural land 16.600 17.300 forest (both sides)

Chainage Chainage Land Use Remark From To 17.300 19.200 forest (both sides) 19.200 19.300 builtup area Village - Patner 19.300 19.800 agricultural land 19.800 19.900 builtup area 19.900 23.100 agricultural land 23.100 23.300 agricultural land 23.300 23.400 builtup area Village - Vijanhie 23.400 26.400 agricultural land 26.400 28.000 agricultural land 28.000 28.600 builtup area Town - Udayapura Source: DPR

4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage 101. Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watershed of a number of rivers. Catchments of many rivers of India lie in Madhya Pradesh. SH-15: The project district Sehore falls in the Narmada, Chambal and Betwa Basin. The district is drained by Ajnal, Newaj, Paru, Papnas, Parva, Sewan, Utooli, Babbar, Dobi, Kolar and Narmada river. The project road section in the Sehore district fall in the Narmada Basin and is drained by the Dobi river. The tributaries of Dobi river crosses the project road in 2 locations near Piplia and Khitwai. Three Rivers Dobi at 29.5 km, Kharra at 34.1 km and Gunjari at Km 57.80 crosses the project road besides nallahs and canals at along the project road. SH-44: The project road in the Raisen district falls in the Narmada Basin. The project area is drained by few rivers like Tendoni, Bagan, Khand, Patharia and Naharia. The Tendoni is found to be perennial on observation. Other rivers are non perennial in nature. 39

Figure 4.3 : Drainage Map of the Project Section 4.1.8. Groundwater 102. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table varies from 48.0 mbgl -290 mbgl Most of the wells become dry except in monsoon season. The groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10 : Groundwater Quality along the project corridor

S. Location No. Parameters Badi Amon Dobhi Hirji 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.4 7.3 7 7 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 510 530 585 550 4 Turbidity, NTU 3 2 3 2 5 TDS (mg/l) 322 340 364 336 6 TSS (mg/l) 5 5 6 5 Total Hardness as CaCO3 7 (mg/l) 154 160 175 166 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 32.2 35.2 38.3 36.8

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 18.4 20.3 21.7 20.8

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.62 0.68 0.73 0.49 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.11 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 30.8 32.7 38.6 31.5 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 20.4 21.4 22.5 20.3 Source: Analysis of Field Samples 103. The above results reveal that the ground water quality conforms to the drinking water standards (Appendix 4.3). 4.1.9. Surface water 4.1.9.1 River system and water bodies of the project area 104. Kharra River is found to be perennial as per the field observation. The water bodies along the corridor are given at Table 4.11.

Table 4.11 : List of Surface Water Sources Along Project Corridor S. No. Name Whether Crossing or in Buffer Area Badi-Budhni 1. Dobi River Crossing the alignment 2. Narmada River Buffer Zone 3. Canals Crossing the alignment 4. Barna Reservoir Buffer Zone 5. Kharra Crossing the alignment 6. Gunjari River Crossing the alignment Silwani-Udaypura 1. Tendoni River Crossing the alignment 2. Bagan Nadi Buffer Zone 3. Bagan Nadi Crossing the alignment 4. Patharia Nadi Buffer Zone 5. Khand Nadi Buffer Zone 6. Tiilli Nala Crossing the alignment Source: District planning Map Series 105. Water sample taken from Kharra and Narmada River has been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation - Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix 4.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.12

Table 4.12 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area SH-15 SH-44

S. No. Tendoni Bagan Parameters Kharra Narmada river Nadi 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.2 7.8 7.3 7.5 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 406 410 540 515 4 Turbidity, NTU 6 6 6 6 5 TDS (mg/l) 252 260 325 317 6 TSS (mg/l) 22 21 26 31 Total Hardness as CaCO 7 3 142 152 (mg/l) 150 144 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 33.4 32.8 38.3 36.3

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 15.7 16.3 18.3 16.4 10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 12 Fluorides as F (mg/l) 0.43 0.52 0.35 0.4 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.24 0.22 0.17 0.15 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.8 0.8 8 0.8 Chromium Total as Cr 18 ND ND ND ND (mg/l)

SH-15 SH-44

S. No. Tendoni Bagan Parameters Kharra Narmada river Nadi 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 25.8 26.4 31.4 28.3 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 16.2 17.5 18.3 17.5 23 Total Coliform 26 30 37 34 24 DO 5.3 5.1 5.5 5.3 25 BOD 4.5 4.2 6.3 4.8 26 COD 14.4 18.3 14.2 15.5 Source: Analysis of field Samples 4.2. Ecological Resources 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1 Forests 106. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Lying between lat. 21°04'N and long. 74°02' and 82°49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 308,144 km2 (118,975 sq mi) which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 (36,765 sq mi) constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61.7%, 37.4% and 0.9% of the forest area respectively. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. The forest cover map of the state is shown in Figure 4.4

Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh

107. According to Revised classifications of Forest types of India by Champion and Seth the forest types in the study area is as follows: Group 5 - Tropical dry deciduous forest 5AC1b Southern dry teak deciduous forest 5AC3 Southern Dry mixed deciduous forest

108. Teak Forest: The quality of teak forest is better on slopes as compared to plain areas or steep slopes. Butea monosperma and Terminalia tomentosa are the dominant species observed in the plain areas. Some patches of pure crop of Teak plantation are observed in the plain areas. The sub dominant species found associated with teak are saja (Terminalia tomentosa), bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), lendia (Lagerstroemia parviflora), haldu (Adina cardifolia), dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), salai (Boswellia serrata), aonla (Emblica officinalis) etc. Terminalia belerica is also found in some areas. In this type of forest shrubby vegetation is found very less. The common shrub species found in the study area are Becal (Gymnosporia montana), Karonda (Cassia sofora), Marodfalli (Helicteres isora), Lantana (Lantana camera), Zarberi (Zizyphus nummularia), Pawar (Cassia tora) etc. Acacia catechu is found scattered on rocky surface in the study area. Dendrocalamus strictus is not observed in the study area. 109. Mixed Forest: Mixed forest is found in patches. The species of teak forest are also found in mixed forest in different proportion. Other than Teak the important species found in the mixed forest are dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), salai (Boswellia serrata), saja (Terminalia tomentosa), haldu (Adina cardifolia)bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), lendia (Lagerstroemia parviflora), aonla (Emblica officinalis) etc. 110. Forest Area along the Project Section: The project road does not pass through any National Park / Wildlife Sanctuary. However, it passes through protected and Reserved forest5 between Shahganj-Budhni and Silwani-Udaypura section of the alignment. However, tree density is very less i.e. 0.30 to 0.35. The details of the forest area along the section has been summarised in Table 4.13

5 Reserved Forests - The State Government may constitute any forest-land or waste-land as reserved forests which is the property of Government, or over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest- produce of which the Government is entitled. Protected forest - The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare the provisions applicable to any forest-land or waste-land which,, is not included in a reserved forest but which is the property of Government, or over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest produce of which the Government is entitled. There is small difference between Reserved and Protected Forests in India. The major difference between the two (As per Indian Forests Act 1972) is that all activities in a reserved forest are prohibited unless prior permission is obtained. Whereas in case of protected forests State Govt frames rules for various permissible activities like cutting of trees which can be performed following the rules.

Table 4.13 : Details of forest area along the project road Road Name Type of Chainage Location Dominant Forest species Badi-Budhni Badi-Baktara- Protected 47.25-49.25 Both sides Mangifera Shahganj- forest 50.95-51.65 Both sides indica Budhni 52.7-56.35 Right Side Syzygium 57.45-57.75 Right Side cumini Tamarindus 57.75-58.20 Left Side indica Silwani-Udaypura Silwani- Reserve forest 16.6 to 19.2 Both Side Mangifera Udayapura indica Syzygium cumini Tamarindus indica Source: DPR and Strip Mapping

4.2.1.2 Flora 111. The study area is dominated by agricultural fields. The vegetation in the study area is found on the edges of fields and along the roadside. However, there are few orchards enroute the corridor which are fruit bearing in nature like Mangifera indica Syzygium cumini Tamarindus indica etc. Dominant species found along the road side are Mauha (Madhuka indica), Sag (Tectona grandis), Palash (Butea monosperma), BIja (Pterocarpus marsupium), Dhawda (Anogeissus latifolia), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Sisoo (Dalbergia latifolia). Mango (Mangifera indica), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Pipal or Bo Tree (Ficus religiosa) Tamarind (Tamarindus indica), Siris (Albizia lebbek), Khair (Acacia catechu) Babul (Acacia nilotica). The list of common trees observed during the present survey along the road is given in Table 4.14. 112. The study area shows presence of medicinal plants. The area abounds in production of many kinds of fruits, flowers, seeds and leaves which have medicinal properties. Study area has got a variety of trees and plants owing to the climatic and geological factors. There are many plants like Azadirachta indica, Tamarindus indica, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus glomerata, Syzygium cumini, Butea monosperma etc. which have medicinal value were found in the study area. 113. No loss of any threatened, rare or endangered plant species is envisaged in the project area.

Table 4.14 : List of Plant Species in the Study Area

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Chchwa Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 16. Chirol Holoptelea integrifolia Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 17. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 18. Kankar Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae 19. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 20. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 21. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 22. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 23. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 25. Pakar Ficus infectoria Moraceae 26. Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 27. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 28. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 30. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 31. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 32. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia, D.C. Meliaceae 34. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 35. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 36. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 37. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 38. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 39. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 40. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 41. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 42. Semal Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxcieba Malvaceae 43. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Trees 44. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 45. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 46. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 47. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 48. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 49. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae 50. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Under Shrubs 51. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 52. Apamarg Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 53. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 54. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 55. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 56. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 57. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 58. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 59. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 60. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 61. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 62. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 63. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 64. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 65. s Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae 66. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 67. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 68. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 69. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 70. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 71. Gauj Millietia auriculata Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 72. Palasbel Butea superba Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 73. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 74. Bans Dendrocalamus Strictus Gramineae Source: Field Survey and Secondary Sources 4.2.1.3 Fauna

4.2.1.4 Wild Life and Protected Areas 114. There are 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 km2 constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the Madhya Pradesh state. The details of National Park and Sanctuaries is shown in Figure 4.5 115. There are no Wild Life Sanctuaries/National Parks, Tiger Reserves etc. in the project area.

Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh

116. The vegetation density and diversity is an important factor determining the habitat and thus for particular wild animals. Different animals prefer different types of habitat for food and shelter. Grazing activity mostly performed by domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, goat etc. During the survey langur and mongoose were sighted in different locations. However, the public consultation revealed the existence of Foxes, Hare, and macaque in the study area. The list of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4.15.

Table 4.15 : List of Fauna in the Study Area S. Local Name Zoological Name Family No. 1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 4. Jackal Canis aureus Canidae 5. Indian Fox Vulpes benglensis Canidae 6. Common squirrel Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae 7. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 8. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 9. Common India Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae 10. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 117. During the survey lizards like Common skink House Lizard Garden Lizard were observed in different locations. The public consultation revealed the presence of many reptiles such as Rat snake Russell viper common Krait in the dense vegetation areas. The list of common reptiles found in the study area is shown in Table 4.16

Table 4.16 : List of reptiles found in the study area

S. No. Scientific Name English Name Family 1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 3. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 6. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 7. Hemidactyhus flaviviridis House Lizard Gekkonidae 9. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 10. Bungarus caeruleus Common India Krait Elapidae 11. Viper russelli Russel’s Viper Viperidae 14. Naja naja Indian cobra Elapidae 17. Varanus bengalensis Moniter Lizard varanidae 18. Dendrelaphis tristis Tree snake Colubridae Source: Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 118. The common Butterflies found in the study area are Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala limniace, Euploea core etc. The list of Butterflies found in the study area is given in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17 : List of Butterflies in the study area

S. No. Scientific name Common name 1 Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger 2 Euthalia nais Baronet 3 Euploea core Common crow 4 Catopsilia Pomona Common emigrant 5 Danaus genutia Stripped tiger

6 Tirumala limniace Blue tiger

Source: Secondary Sources 4.2.1.5 Avifauna

119. The composition of bird communities is strongly related to the surrounding habitat. The study area is mostly dominated by tree canopy, with some interspersed openings and shrubby vegetation. These habitat conditions evidently attract numerous bird species. A total number of 15 species of birds were found during the present survey. Dominant bird species observed during the survey are blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, small blue kingfisher, green bee eater, House crow, common myna, House sparrow etc. List of bird species found in study area is given in Table 4.18

Table 4.18 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 1. Gray Heron Ardea Cinerea Ardeidae 2. Paddy Bird Ardeola grayii Ardeidae 3. Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis Ardeidae 4. White egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 5. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 6. Black parteidge Francolinus from Colinus Phasianidae 7. Gray partridge Francolinus pond- Phasianidae icerianus 8. Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 9. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 10. Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadridae 11. Common green pigeon Treron Phoenicoptera Collumbidae 12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 13. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 14. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 15. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 16. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 17. Blossom headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae 18. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 19. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae 20. Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae 21. Small Blue king fisher or Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Common king fisher 22. White breasted king fisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae 23. Green bee eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 24. Indian roller blue jay Coracias benghalensis Coracidae 25. Indian pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 26. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Orioladae 27. King crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 28. Large Racket tailed drango Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae 29. Pied myna Sturnus contra Sturnidae 30. Common myna Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 31. Jungle myna Aeridotheres Sturnidae 32. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 33. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 34. Red whisked bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnontidae 35. Redvented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 36. Jungle babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae Timalinae 37. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae 38. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae Turdinae 39. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae 40. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 41. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla glava Motacillidae 42. Purple sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 43. House sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 44. Weaver bird Ploceus philippinus passerinae 45. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation

4.2.1.6 Roadside Plantations 120. The major species observed along the proposed section are mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seasam, mahua etc. About 1128 trees (560 trees are on left side and 578 trees are on right side) exist within a corridor of 20 m (10 m from centre line on either side) of the project road. 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 121. There are three rivers crossing the alignment. The major fish species observed are Rohu (Labeo rohita), Gilaskaar, Bhinjadi, Karonth, Narayan, Samal, Bhorath and Catla (Catla catla). However, there are no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment 4.3.1. Economic Progress 122. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The gross domestic product of the state amounted to Rs. 304,720 million in 1990, in 1995 this figure amounted to Rs. 478,410 million, and in 2000 this figure stood at Rs. 737,150 million. 4.3.1.1 Agriculture 123. In 2004-05, the state has produced about 14.1 million tonnes of food grains (comprising Cereals 10.7million tonnes and 3.4million tonnes of pulses) and about 4.8 million tonnes of total Oilseed (Soyabean production is 3.75 million tonnes). The state has contributed 7.43% food grains, 8.7% cereals and 21.4% pulses to the national food storage. The contribution of national oil seed production was 22.1% in the 2003-04. Thus the state became highest producer of pulses and second oilseed producer in the country in 2003-04. 124. Agriculture of the Project District: Sehore district is primarily an agricultural district occupying the Chambal and Narmada basin valley, having predominantly an agricultural economy. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the district. Wheat, Rice, Jawar, Maize and Soyabean are the major crops sown in the district. 125. The economy of the Raisen district is agriculture based and wheat, pea and soybean are the main crops cultivated. 4.3.1.2 Mineral Resources 126. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals. There are large reserves of coal and important deposits of iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, copper, fire clay and china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna are of particular interest. There are 24 cement factories in the state. The state is one of the largest producer of cement in the country. The reserves of dolomite (66 million tonnes), fuller’s earth (1.2 lakh million tonnes), clay (12030 million tonnes), lime stone, quartz etc. reported in project area. 51

127. Mineral Resources of the Project Districts: The mineral resources of Raisen district are Flagstone, Clay and Silica Sand. However, in the Sehore district there are no important mineral resources. 4.3.1.3 Industries 128. The major industries of the state are electronics, telecommunications, petrochemicals, food processing and automobiles. The state has also taken a lead in the production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handicrafts and handlooms manufactured at Chanderi and Maheshwar. The major industrial unit in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. 129. Industries of Project District: In the project district Raisen several mineral based industries exist i.e, Zinc Ingots, Graphite Electrode, Ceramic Electronic Capacitor and Fetilizer industry. The raw material is acquired from other localities since no Economic mineral is found in this district. Stone cutting polishing and Stone crusher industries are the 2 possible industries of this district. There is no Industries Estate in this district. The project district Raisen has kept in category 'C' of industrial backward districts by Government of MP. 130. Sehore is having more than 80 % soyabean area of the district. The district has few trade and industries as Krashi Upaj Mandi, Bhopal Sugar Industries, Oil Fed (Soyabeen Plant) Industries, Jag Manak Refinery Plant, and Pasu Ahar Sayantra etc. An agricultural trade centre, Sehore has sugar milling, cotton ginning, and handloom weaving industries also. 4.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities 4.3.2.1 Water Supply 131. Madhya Pradesh ranks among top states in accessibility and availability of safe drinking water supply. Groundwater is primarily used for drinking and domestic purposes in the project influence area. 4.3.2.2 Transportation 132. Madhya Pradesh is poorly served with transport and communication facilities. State has about 21km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per sq. km. The road network is deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. 133. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkota with their surrounding areas. Important railway junctions include Bhopal, Ratlam, Khandwa, Itarsi and Katni. Major airports connecting the states with other part of the country are at Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa and Khajuraho, as well as several national highways. 134. Transportation of the Project District: Raisen and Sehore districts are well connected by rail and road. The Delhi-Mumbai, Chennai Broad guage railway line passes through the districts. National Highway 12 also passes through Raisen and Sehore districts which connect to the Uttar Pradesh state. The nearest airport is at Bhopal which is approximately 40-50 km away from both the districts. Raisen town is situtated on state

highway no. 18 and all parts of both the districts are well connected by regular buses. 135. The proposed Badi-Baktara-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni road section serves as a link connecting Raisen and Sehore District. The improvement of roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as will lead to increased socio-economic activities in both the Therefore, the existing road infrastructure urgently needs improvement by widening and reconstruction. 4.3.2.3 Power Sources and Availability 136. The state is well endowed with potential hydroelectric power. Main hydroelectric projects (jointly developed with other states) are the Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with Bihar and uttar Pradesh, the Chambal Valley with Rajasthan, Narmada Sagar with Gujrat and Rajasthan, and Rajghat and Urmil with Uttar Pradesh. The Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghapur thermal power projects are also within the state. 137. Installed power capacity of Madhya Pradesh is 6305 MW, of which 2990MW is produced from state’s own projects, 1599 MW from joint- venture projects and 1716 MW from the central sector allocation. Per capita electricity consumption in the state is 270Kwh. About 97.43% villages in the state have been electrified. 4.4. Social and Cultural Resources 4.4.1. Population and Communities 138. Madhya Pradesh is a landlocked state in the central part of the country with a population of 60.3million with more than74% of the population living in the rural areas. The population density of the .state is 196persons/km2 in compare to 325 persons/km2 of India. Sex ratio of the state is 920 against the 933 in the country. 139. According to the census 2001, the state of Madhya Pradesh and India have following facts on Population (Table 4.19)

Table 4.19 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country

S. No. Feature Madhya Pradesh India 1 Geographical Area (sq. km) 308824 3287240 2 Total Population 60385118 1028737436 3 Male population 31456873 532223090 4 Female population 28928245 496514346 5 Rural Population 44282528 742490639 6 Urban Population 16102590 286119689 7 Density 196 325 8 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 920 933 9 Literacy (%) 64.08 64.8 Source: Census Data, Census of India, 2001

140. The project road SH-15 is passing through the Raisen and Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh covering 14 villages. These villages are listed in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20 : List of villages in the project road

S. No. Name of the village Chainage From To Side Badi-Budhni 1. Badi (NP) 0.000 0.550 Both sides 2. Naradkheda 4.450 5.000 Both sides 3. Gazikhedi 8.800 9.500 Both sides 4. Nanpone 11.300 11.850 Both sides 5. Baktara 15.850 17.950 Both sides 6. Khitwai 21.450 22.100 Both sides 7. Amon 22.900 23.450 Both sides 8. Dhobi 28.950 29.650 Both sides 9. Jawahar Kheda 32.850 33.700 Both sides 10. Bameta 37.400 38.200 Both sides 11. Shahganj 40.200 42.650 Both sides 12. Hirji 47.200 47.600 Both sides 13. Jahanpur 53.600 54.100 Both sides 14. Budhni 58.000 58.900 Both sides Silwani-Udaypura 1. Silwani 0.000 0.700 Both sides 2. Chicholi 4.500 4.800 Both sides 3. Chandna Piapariya 13.200 13.700 Both sides 4. Patner 19.100 19.200 Both sides 5. Vijanhie 22.600 22.900 Both sides 6. Udayapura 27.700 28.600 Both sides Source: DPR 141. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 9389 whereon the total population is 50073. Out of these, about 77 % is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 23% of the total population as shown in Figure 4.6. The figure also reveals that the gender ratio among SC/ST population is almost the same.

8.87% 4500 4000 M F 14.42% 3500 GEN 3000 SC 2500 ST 2000 1500

Population (Nos) Population 1000 500 76.71% 0 SC ST

Source: Census of India, 2001 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section 4.4.2. Literacy 142. The overall literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 64.08%, which is almost equivalent to the countries literacy rate (64.8%) The project road passing through the Raisen and Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh covering 14 villages have total literacy rate of 63.34%.The population of literate male (60.47%) is comparatively high than female literate (39.52%). The literacy rate along the project section is shown in Figure 4.7

25000

20000 LIT ILL

15000

10000

Population (Nos) Population 5000

0 Male Female

Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section 4.4.3. Occupational Status 143. In the villages of the project road 29.88% of the total population comprise the workforce of the project area. 81.0% comprise the male working class population. Marginal population of villages of the project road is 7.99 % with 41.20% represented by female population. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers or employee in agro based industries The occupational status along the alignment is shown in Figure 4.8 55

21.89% 19%

MA IN CL MA IN WORKER MAIN AL MA RG WORKER MA IN HH 7.99% NON WORKER 13% MA IN OT

70.12% 65% 3%

7000 1400 6000 M F 5000 1200 M F 4000 1000 3000 800 2000 600 Population (Nos) 400 1000 (Nos) Population 200 0 0 MAIN CL MAIN AL MAIN HH MAIN OT MA RG CL MARG AL MA RG HH MA RG OT

Figure 4.8 : Occupational status Along the Alignment 4.4.4. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples 144. Tribal population in the project area is very low (8.87 % in the project area). Those living, are in the mainstream of the society and do not depend on forest and its resources for any purpose. A section of the project road passing through the reserve forest area is of about 16 km. But apart from fuel wood, no other dependency of the tribal population is observed in the project road area. 4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological or architectural significance 145. There is no such site of significance either impacted or in the close vicinity of the project area. 4.4.5.1 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others 146. The project road is passing through the protected forest and reserve forest for SH-15 from km 47.25 to 49.25, km 50.95 to 51.65, (Both Side) 52.70 to 56.35 and 57.45 to 57.75 (Right Side) and 57.75 to 58.20 (Left Side) (7.05 m) and km 16.6 to 19.2 for SH-44.

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 147. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature, and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to ascertain likely direct and indirect impacts during design, construction and operation stages of the project. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. The mitigation measures have been presented along with the impacts. . 148. During the field study, a number of informal consultations were held with people in the locality including those presently living along the various stretches of the sub project corridor. Some NGOs working in the areas were also contacted. Discussions were held with various concerned Government authorities like with Forests Departments, pollution control boards, State environmental impact assessment authority. Outcome of these consultations is referred for environmental impact assessment and designing of mitigative measures. 5.1. Impact on Physical Environment 5.1.1. Climate Design and Construction Phase 149. Project will have no impact on climate of the area. The subproject may have minor impact on weather conditions of the area due to cutting of the 347 and 325 trees for SH-15 and 44 respectively. Mitigation Measures 150. All efforts are made to minimise the cutting the trees through suitable design modifications. Supervision consultants will further ensure minimal cutting of the trees during the construction stage. The compensatory afforestation shall be made on the basis 1:5. The plantations shall begin with start of construction. The survival of plantation will be ensured, even if they are planted through concerned forest department. Tree of native variety only will be planted. In addition to above plantation, additional trees shall be planted through village Panchayats to improve microclimatic conditions of the area. Operation Stage 151. The sub-project road is located in vast open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission from vehicle. Further, extensive plantation will ameliorate/enhance the micro-climate. It also has associated benefits with respect to Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction is anticipated due to improved road conditions and better connectivity. The GHG reduction is anticipated due to reduced idling of vehicle.

Mitigation Measures It is proposed that MPRDC may initiate study to assess the GHG emission reduction and reap the economic benefits from road improvement projects including higher tree plantation. 5.1.2. Natural Hazard 152. Flood: The section of the project between Shahganj and Jahanpur is abutting Narmada River. Also, there is rolling terrain near Jahanpur village creating the possibility of flooding during monsoon season for SH- 15. For SH-44: the section of the project between Chandana Piapariya and Patner village is crossed by water bodies like Tendoni River, drains and nallas which gets flooded during monsoon due to low level of the alignment and choking of drains. 153. Earthquake: The sub project roads lies in seismic zone II/III as per classification by Bureau of Indian Standards. This means lower to medium seismic intensity. Mitigation Measures 154. In order to prevent the flood-like situation, the volume of the culverts in this section must be increased inorder to increase their carrying capacity. Further, the height of the embankment must be adequately raised above the present level to avoid any water logging on the road. 155. All subproject structures shall be designed with consideration of above seismicity.

5.1.3. Air Quality Design and Construction Phase 156. The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: (i) dust from earth works (during site preparation), (ii) emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines, (iii) fugitive emissions from vehicles plying on the road, (iv) fugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials, (v) air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons particularly from the hot mix plants, and (vi) localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter which will settle down in close vicinity of construction site. Hot mix plant will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack. However, this will be a temporary phase and hence, no significant impact is envisaged. 157. The stone aggregate will be sourced from licensed quarries. No new quarries shall be open for the project. The pollution related aspects to these quarries are independently complied by the quarry owner.

Mitigation Measures 158. Road pavement design should be such that tyre friction due to vehicle movement will be reduced. Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, water fogging shall be applied in all dust prone locations such as unpaved haulage roads6, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing plant areas. PPE shall be provided to the construction workers to minimise inhalation of respirable suspended particulate matter. 159. Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. Contractor shall obtain consent to establish and operate from concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before its use for the project road. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height. Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. The possibility of using LPG should be explored as fuel source in construction camps. 160. Air quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase. Suitable pollution control measures shall be adopted if monitored parameters are found above the prescribed limit. Operation Phase 161. The bad road conditions, the idling of vehicles are the main causes of the air and noise pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Since traffic is projected to increase with improved roads and better connectivity, the impact will remain more or less same. Since subproject is largely traverse through vast open agriculture areas, which provides adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles. Mitigation Measures 162. It is proposed to maintain the road conditions including shoulders and embankment turfing. Thick trees shall be planted close to sensitive locations such as hospital, school boundaries and near religious places. 163. Caution sign for speed regulation and lane driving shall be fixed near habitat areas. Educative awareness boards for safe and fuel efficient driving shall be fixed at selective locations. 164. The aggregate will be transported in the covered trucks through existing national and state highways.

6 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98% 59

5.1.4. Noise Design and Construction Phase 165. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of various construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles and earthmoving equipment. These construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source). Although this level of noise is higher the permissible limit for ambient noise level for residential/commercial levels but will occur only intermittently and temporary. This noise level will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Impact due to noise during construction activities will be minimal to inhabitants since most of the built-up areas are located at safer distance from the road. However, there are few noise sensitive locations especially schools and forests close to the alignment as given in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 : Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment Distance from S. Chainage Village Features Side the edge of No. (km) road (m) Badi-Budhni 1 33.2 Jawahar Kheda Temple R/S 12 47.25 – Shahganj-Budhni Protected Forests Both 12 58.20 Divya Basera 2 47.55 Hirji L/S 15 Asram 3 49.75 Hirji Mosque R/S 10 57.150 - Shahsatnamj 4 Jahanpur R/S 20 57.760 Suchainpur Dham Sarva dharma 5 57.8 Jahanpur L/S 18 Ashram 6 57.0 Budhni School R/S 10 Silwani-Udaypura 1 1.900 Silwani -Chicholi Temple L/S 14 2. 3.400 Silwani -Chicholi Temple L/S 16 3. 12.200 Chandana Pipariya Temple L/S 20 4. 16.400 Chandna Pipariya- Temple R/S 18 Patner 5 17.000 Patner Temple L/S 16 6 21.750 Vijanhie Temple L/S 16 7 28.500 Udaypura Temple R/S 18 8 28.550 Udaypura Temple R/S 25 9 20.500 Udaypura School R/S 50 10 24.600 Udaypura Bus Stop L/S 20 Source: Strip Mapping Mitigation Measures 166. Vehicles and equipments should be fitted with silencers and maintained well. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Tree plantation shall be started along with the

construction activities. Noise and vibration monitoring shall be carried out as per the suggested monitoring plan. The construction equipments/machinery (stationary) shall be placed away from habitat areas Operation Phase 167. During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. This may result in increase noise levels at commercial areas, nearby schools and religious places. Mitigation Measures 168. Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive locations especially at Badi (Ch. 0.0), Dobhi (28.95), Shahganj (40.8) and Forest area (47.2 to 58.2) for SH-15 and Silwani, Udaypura and forest areas for SH-44. Multilayer trees shall be planted close to the sensitive locations. 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil 5.1.5.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use Design and Construction Phase 169. No land use will change due to the project since required ROW is available throughout the alignment. Land use though will change temporarily of construction camp areas and for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity. 170. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth. Land will also loose its productivity if top soil is not preserved. Mitigation Measures 171. It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road and construction camp is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner. 172. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. Operation Phase 173. The better access can lead to conversion of agriculture land for residential and commercial purposes close to roads and especially in rural and urban area. This may result in loss of productive land and agricultural produce. Mitigation Measures 174. The EA may explore the feasibility of restricting about 50 m area on either side of the road as no development zone on the line restriction are imposed for National Highways in India. 61

5.1.5.2 Soil Erosion Design and Construction Phase 175. Soil erosion may take place along steep and uncompacted embankment slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect viz. siltation, embankment damage, drainage problem etc. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern. Mitigation Measures 176. Bank protection measures shall be taken at erosion prone areas. The protection measures may include use of geo-textiles matting. Provision of side drain shall be made to guide the water to natural outfalls. Stone pitching shall be carried out wherever necessary. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. Side slopes of the embankment shall not be steeper than 2H:1V. Turfing/bio-turfing of embankment and slopes shall be done along the stretch. IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion. 177. Though terrain is flat all through the stretch, except at few locations where it is rolling terrain. Therefore, all steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area. Operation Phase 178. Soil of steep slopes of embankment and near bridge approaches may erode the embankment formation due to unexpected rainfall. Soil erosion condition may arise if borrow areas are not stabilized/restored properly. Regular monitoring for effectiveness of soil erosion measures (turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation). Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent them at newer locations. 5.1.5.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries Design and Construction Phase 179. The road passes mainly through plain terrain with small section hilly/rolling terrain as well as through Protected Forest. Farmers were ready to provide earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation, based on agreements between them and the respective contractor. 180. Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease.

181. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. Quarry material will be sourced from existing nearby quarries. Mitigation Measures 182. It is recommended that borrowing from agricultural land shall be minimised to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low lying areas. 183. Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed. 184. The depths in borrow pits should be so regulated that the sides are not be steeper than 25%. To the extent possible, borrow areas shall be sited away from habited areas. Borrow areas shall be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into intended use as per the requirement of land owner/community. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 5.1. 5.1.5.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil Design and Construction Phase 185. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries, equipments and due to siting of construction camps and workshops. 186. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Mitigation Measures 187. To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp. Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non- biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made that bio-degradable waste shall be composted in the mechanised and movable composter by the contractor. Non biodegradable and non 63

saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured. 188. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. Operation Stage 189. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except along slope areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas if not rehabilitated properly. Mitigation measures 190. Erosion prone areas shall be visually checked periodically for any erosion and appropriate corrective action shall be taken if any erosion is identified. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade situation. 5.1.6. Groundwater Design and Construction Stage 191. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and domestic purposes in the workers camp. These requirements will be mainly sourced from groundwater (approximately 300 KL per day). Also, the depth to water table in some part is depleting annually. Any uncontrolled abstraction can further deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Mitigation Measures 192. Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central Ground Water Authority. 193. The contractor shall make arrangements for water required during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected depending on site specific conditions. 194. Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. 195. Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting. Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity.

Operation Stage 196. No impact is anticipated on groundwater due to the project during operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed. 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies Design and Construction Stage 197. The project section is being crossed by Dobhi, Gunjari and Kharra river, while River Narmada is adjacent to the project section near Jahanpur. However, no impact is envisaged on surface water bodies in the project section. Minimal impacts are anticipated on new water harvesting ponds that maybe formed from borrow areas.

Plate 1: Location of Narmada River 198. Since most of the major water bodies are seasonal in nature, siltation impact due to bridge rehabilitation works will be negligible, if construction debris/other waste are cleared immediately after construction. The temporary pollution of water bodies from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction sites and waste from construction camps may occur. Soil erosion has direct bearing on siltation. The siltation likely to be caused due to bank erosion has already been addressed above in soil erosion section. 199. Accidental oil and chemicals spills can contaminate the water. Mitigation Measure 200. Siltation Issues: Required mitigation as suggested in soil erosion section shall be taken into consideration. Bridge rehabilitation activity is recommended during non-monsoon (mid-September to mid-June) period. Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. Chute drains shall be provided to drain surface runoff and prevent erosion from slopes. 65

201. Fuel and Lubricant Spillage Issue: All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants. All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection.The emergency response procedures including reporting, preferably written in the local language and simple to understand shall be provided by the contractors. The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be modified and re-channelised to prevent entry of contaminants. Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away from habitation and water bodies. 202. Waste Disposal Issues: All wastes arising from the construction should be disposed in an environmentally accepted manner so as not to block the flow of water in the channels. The wastes should be collected, stored and transported to the approved disposal sites. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies. Operation Stage 203. No major or long-term impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies due to the project implementation activities. Oil-contaminated runoff from the road during monsoon will have minimal impacts considering their low concentration. However, regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockage of drains. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures to ensure for its effective maintenance. 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage Design and Construction Stage 204. The activities involved with proposed road development will be carried out along with existing alignment. No new bridge is proposed to be constructed. Existing bridges/cross drainage structures are only to be improved. Diversion of water channels during rehabilitation of cross drainage structures is not envisaged. Mitigation Measures 205. Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. The design of drainage system such as surface and sub-surface drainage shall be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads shall be discharged through longitudinal drains, designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. If necessary, the walls of the drains shall be designed to retain the adjoining earth. IRC: 34- 1970: Recommendations for road construction in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments shall be referred.

206. Provision of additional cross drainage structure shall be made in the areas where nearby land is sloping towards road alignment in both the both sides. Operation Stage 207. Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross drainage structure or clogging of cross drainage structures. Mitigation Measures 208. Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions will be regularly conducted. 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 209. The project section Shahganj-Budhni and Silwani-Udaypura passes through protected and reserve forests areas. Therefore, efforts are made that out of 1128 trees about 347 are likely to be cut due to the proposed road improvement work from the roadside plantations for SH-15 and 325 trees for SH-44. The Chainage wise list of trees along the project road is given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 : Tree along Project Road (within 20 m width) S. NO. Chainage (km) Location Badi-Budhni 1 0.161 L/H 2 0.169 L/H 3 0.287 R/H 4 1.240 R/H 5 1.342 L/H 6 1.492 L/H 7 15.75 L/H 8 1.635 L/H 9 1.655 L/H 10 1.665 R/H 11 1.675 L/H 12 1.680 R/H 13 1.690 L/H 14 1.695 R/H 15 1.735 R/H 16 1.735 R/H 17 1.740 R/H 18 1.745 R/H 19 1.750 R/H 20 1.720 L/H 21 1.775 R/H 22 1.775 L/H 23 1.795 L/H 24 1.810 L/H 25 1.810 R/H 67

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 26 1.835 R/H 27 1.845 R/H 28 1.845 L/H 29 1.855 L/H 30 1.860 L/H 31 1.865 L/H 32 1.855 R/H 33 1.860 R/H 34 1.865 R/H 35 1.948 L/H 36 1.970 R/H 37 1.995 R/H 38 2.040 L/H 39 2.040 R/H 40 2.090 L/H 41 2.145 R/H 42 2.165 R/H 43 2.335 L/H 44 2.355 R/H 45 2.500 R/H 46 2.510 L/H 47 2.600 L/H 48 2.640 R/H 49 2.640 L/H 50 2.710 R/H 51 2.812 R/H 52 2.850 L/H 53 2.940 R/H 54 3.060 L/H 55 3.280 R/H 56 3.300 R/H 57 3.335 L/H 58 3.395 L/H 59 3.395 R/H 60 3.505 L/H 61 3.690 R/H 62 3.915 R/H 63 4.395 L/H 64 4.625 L/H 65 4.835 L/H 66 7.495 R/H 67 8.890 R/H 68 9.055 R/H 69 9.065 R/H 70 9.070 R/H 71 9.075 R/H 72 9.160 R/H 73 9.190 R/H 74 10.820 L/H 75 10.830 R/H 76 10.845 L/H 77 10.845 R/H

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 78 11.040 L/H 79 11.052 L/H 80 11.095 L/H 81 11.155 R/H 82 11.200 L/H 83 11.200 R/H 84 11.230 R/H 85 11.360 L/H 86 11.425 R/H 87 12.175 R/H 88 12.190 L/H 89 12.445 L/H 90 12.500 L/H 91 12.560 L/H 92 12.570 L/H 93 12.610 L/H 94 12.610 R/H 95 12.625 L/H 96 12.640 L/H 97 13.180 L/H 98 13.450 R/H 99 13.490 L/H 100 13.515 L/H 101 13.600 R/H 102 13.645 L/H 103 13.930 R/H 104 13.947 R/H 105 14.035 R/H 106 14.040 R/H 107 14.135 R/H 108 14.148 L/H 109 14.190 R/H 110 14.195 L/H 111 14.210 R/H 112 14.220 R/H 113 14.258 R/H 114 14.290 R/H 115 14.335 L/H 116 14.448 L/H 117 14.460 L/H 118 14.585 R/H 119 14.595 R/H 120 14.625 R/H 121 14.880 L/H 122 14.885 R/H 123 15.040 R/H 124 15.225 R/H 125 15.230 R/H 126 15.260 L/H 127 15.265 L/H 128 15.340 R/H 129 15.365 R/H 69

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 130 15.400 R/H 131 15.470 L/H 132 15.480 R/H 133 15.500 R/H 134 15.525 R/H 135 15.845 L/H 136 16.370 L/H 137 17.137 R/H 138 17.240 R/H 139 17.425 R/H 140 17.430 L/H 141 17.745 R/H 142 17.750 R/H 143 17.785 R/H 144 17.790 R/H 145 17.845 R/H 146 17.910 L/H 147 17.965 L/H 148 17.970 R/H 149 17.995 R/H 150 18.420 R/H 151 18.455 L/H 152 18.500 L/H 153 18.520 R/H 154 18.525 R/H 155 18.530 R/H 156 18.540 L/H 157 18.620 R/H 158 18.630 R/H 159 18.680 L/H 160 18.680 R/H 161 18.720 R/H 162 18.750 R/H 163 18.785 R/H 164 18.815 R/H 165 18.930 R/H 166 18.935 L/H 167 19.020 R/H 168 19.150 R/H 169 19.255 R/H 170 19.265 R/H 171 19.260 L/H 172 19.295 L/H 173 19.360 R/H 174 19.370 L/H 175 19.420 R/H 176 19.425 R/H 177 19.445 R/H 178 19.495 R/H 179 19.590 L/H 180 19.740 L/H 181 19.800 R/H

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 182 19.830 R/H 183 19.845 R/H 184 19.850 R/H 185 19.855 R/H 186 19.865 R/H 187 19.870 R/H 188 19.875 R/H 189 19.880 R/H 190 20.000 L/H 191 20.055 R/H 192 20.110 R/H 193 20.170 R/H 194 20.240 R/H 195 20.260 R/H 196 20.310 R/H 197 20.340 R/H 198 20.355 R/H 199 20.375 R/H 200 20.375 L/H 201 20.430 L/H 202 20.435 L/H 203 20.435 R/H 204 20.450 R/H 205 20.495 R/H 206 20.540 R/H 207 20.545 L/H 208 20.560 R/H 209 20.565 R/H 210 20.570 R/H 211 20.610 R/H 212 20.640 L/H 213 20.930 L/H 214 22.990 R/H 215 22.995 R/H 216 22.175 R/H 217 22.245 R/H 218 24.548 L/H 219 24.635 R/H 220 24.652 L/H 221 24.685 R/H 222 24.880 R/H 223 24.885 R/H 224 24.898 L/H 225 24.960 L/H 226 24.990 R/H 227 25.105 R/H 228 25.120 L/H 229 25.360 L/H 230 27.010 L/H 231 27.045 R/H 232 27.095 R/H 233 27.115 R/H 71

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 234 27.160 R/H 235 27.260 R/H 236 27.305 R/H 237 30.165 L/H 238 30.475 R/H 239 30.490 R/H 240 31.155 R/H 241 31.260 L/H 242 31.435 R/H 243 31.540 R/H 244 31.595 R/H 245 31.675 L/H 246 31.735 R/H 247 31.810 L/H 248 31.895 R/H 249 32.005 R/H 250 32.095 L/H 251 32.130 L/H 252 32.180 R/H 253 32.210 L/H 254 32.225 L/H 255 32.830 R/H 256 32.890 R/H 257 34.190 L/H 258 34.810 R/H 259 35.235 R/H 260 35.520 R/H 261 35.615 R/H 262 37.570 L/H 263 37.825 R/H 264 37.875 L/H 265 37.885 L/H 266 37.930 R/H 267 38.240 R/H 268 38.325 R/H 269 38.355 R/H 270 38.370 R/H 271 38.395 R/H 272 38.625 R/H 273 38.850 L/H 274 39.010 R/H 275 39.320 R/H 276 39.385 R/H 277 39.635 L/H 278 39.645 L/H 279 39.660 L/H 280 40.020 R/H 281 40.190 R/H 282 43.980 L/H 283 47.865 L/H 284 47.880 L/H 285 48.195 R/H

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 286 48.400 R/H 287 48.423 L/H 288 48.920 R/H 289 49.070 R/H 290 49.070 L/H 291 49.520 L/H 292 49.830 R/H 293 49.840 R/H 294 49.900 L/H 295 49.998 R/S 296 50.010 R/S 297 50.036 R/S 298 50.036 L/S 299 50.061 L/S 300 50.072 L/S 301 50.213 R/S 302 50.278 R/S 303 50.293 R/S 304 50.328 L/S 305 50.396 L/S 306 50.450 L/S 307 50.619 L/S 308 50.731 L/S 309 50.755 L/S 310 50.949 L/S 311 50.930 R/S 312 50.945 R/S 313 50.950 R/S 314 50.989 L/S 315 51.192 L/S 316 51.248 R/S 317 51.257 L/S 318 51.315 R/S 319 51.371 R/S 320 51.421 R/S 321 51.490 R/S 322 51.495 L/S 323 51.507 R/S 324 51.584 R/S 325 51.794 L/S 326 51.857 L/S 327 51.940 R/S 328 52.050 L/S 329 53.203 R/S 330 53.598 R/S 331 53.642 L/S 332 53.705 L/S 333 53.745 R/S 334 54.080 L/S 335 54.305 R/S 336 54.728 L/S 337 55.830 L/S 73

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 338 54.902 R/S 339 55.962 R/S 340 56.180 R/S 341 56.362 R/S 342 56.385 R/S 343 57.157 R/S 344 57.178 R/S 345 57.188 R/S 346 57.964 L/S 347 58.120 L/S Silwani-Udaypura 1 0.036 R/S 2 0.211 L/S 3 0.252 R/S 4 0.280 R/S 5 0+360 R/S 6 0.398 L/S 7 0.482 R/S 8 0.612 R/S 9 0.684 R/S 10 0.740 R/S 11 1.200 R/S 12 1.247 R/S 13 1.267 R/S 14 1.289 R/S 15 1.471 R/S 16 1.588 R/S 17 1.690 R/S 18 1.725 L/S 19 1.936 R/S 20 1.963 R/S 21 1.970 R/S 22 2.521 L/S 23 2.733 R/S 24 2.879 R/S 25 3.211 R/S 26 3.288 R/S 27 3.722 L/S 28 3.800 R/S 29 3.815 R/S 30 3.835 R/S 31 3.875 R/S 32 3.960 L/S 33 3.970 R/S 34 3.994 R/S 35 4.015 L/S 36 4.123 R/S 37 4.151 R/S 38 4.261 R/S 39 4.289 R/S 40 4.431 L/S 41 4.467 L/S

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 42 4.509 L/S 43 4.517 R/S 44 4.635 L/S 45 4.707 R/S 46 4.725 R/S 47 4.824 R/S 48 4.824 L/S 49 4.855 L/S 50 4.902 L/S 51 5.028 R/S 52 5.105 R/S 53 5.115 R/S 54 5.188 R/S 55 5.215 R/S 56 5.405 R/S 57 5.513 R/S 58 5.558 R/S 59 5.596 L/S 60 5.676 R/S 61 5.716 R/S 62 5.782 R/S 63 5.781 L/S 64 5.850 R/S 65 5.860 R/S 66 5.874 L/S 67 5.910 R/S 68 5.920 R/S 69 5.921 L/S 70 5.971 R/S 71 5.985 L/S 72 5.997 R/S 73 6.046 R/S 74 6.055 L/S 75 6.120 R/S 76 6.125 R/S 77 6.154 R/S 78 6.187 R/S 79 6.219 R/S 80 6.227 R/S 81 6.244 L/S 82 6.272 R/S 83 6.390 R/S 84 6.439 R/S 85 6.478 L/S 86 6.506 L/S 87 6.566 L/S 88 6.575 R/S 89 6.588 R/S 90 6.625 L/S 91 6.658 L/S 92 6.662 R/S 93 6.750 R/S 75

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 94 6.803 R/S 95 6.809 R/S 96 7.000 R/S 97 7.053 L/S 98 7.105 L/S 99 7.157 L/S 100 7.221 L/S 101 7.233 L/S 102 7.240 L/S 103 7.253 R/S 104 7.338 R/S 105 7.364 R/S 106 7.418 R/S 107 7.434 R/S 108 7.730 R/S 109 7.776 L/S 110 7.866 R/S 111 8.340 L/S 112 8.360 L/S 113 8.600 R/S 114 8.610 R/S 115 8.677 R/S 116 8.836 L/S 117 8.940 L/S 118 8.985 L/S 119 9.054 L/S 120 9.250 R/S 121 9.250 L/S 122 9+350 L/S 123 9.364 L/S 124 9.415 L/S 125 9.425 L/S 126 9.430 L/S 127 9.460 L/S 128 9.500 L/S 129 9.532 L/S 130 9.535 L/S 131 9.541 L/S 132 9.659 L/S 133 11.227 R/S 134 11.450 R/S 135 11.630 R/S 136 11.821 R/S 137 11.835 L/S 138 12.089 L/S 139 12.161 L/S 140 12.162 L/S 141 12.189 L/S 142 12.206 L/S 143 12.214 L/S 144 12.237 L/S 145 12.245 L/S

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 146 12.265 L/S 147 13.932 L/S 148 14.536 R/S 149 14.547 R/S 150 14.594 R/S 151 14.813 R/S 152 14.825 R/S 153 15.081 R/S 154 15.159 R/S 155 15.177 L/S 156 15.191 R/S 157 15.202 L/S 158 15.218 L/S 159 15.345 R/S 160 15.409 R/S 161 15.436 L/S 162 15.537 R/S 163 16.892 R/S 164 16.907 R/S 165 16.908 L/S 166 16.920 L/S 167 16.930 L/S 168 16.935 R/S 169 16.952 R/S 170 16.954 L/S 171 16.970 L/S 172 16.973 R/S 173 17.076 R/S 174 17.100 R/S 175 17.113 L/S 176 17.121 R/S 177 17.124 L/S 178 17.131 L/S 179 17.153 R/S 180 17.166 R/S 181 17.185 R/S 182 17.216 L/S 183 17.240 R/S 184 17.,325 L/S 185 17.325 L/S 186 17.327 L/S 187 17.342 L/S 188 17.481 R/S 189 17.518 R/S 190 17.523 R/S 191 17.555 L/S 192 17.560 R/S 193 17.580 R/S 194 17.585 L/S 195 17.600 L/S 196 17.610 R/S 197 17.633 L/S 77

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 198 17.680 L/S 199 17.698 L/S 200 17.714 R/S 201 17.778 R/S 202 17.781 L/S 203 17.800 R/S 204 17+.12 L/S 205 17.830 R/S 206 17.845 L/S 207 17.855 L/S 208 17.860 L/S 209 17.865 L/S 210 17.870 R/S 211 17.875 L/S 212 17.880 L/S 213 17.890 L/S 214 17.900 R/S 215 17.905 L/S 216 18.000 R/S 217 18.005 R/S 218 18.006 L/S 219 18.010 R/S 220 18.016 L/S 221 18.020 R/S 222 18.025 L/S 223 18.030 R/S 224 18.045 R/S 225 18.051 L/S 226 18.102 L/S 227 18.105 R/S 228 18.110 R/S 229 18.113 L/S 230 18.117 R/S 231 18.149 R/S 232 18.155 R/S 233 18.163 L/S 234 18.165 R/S 235 18.176 L/S 236 18.185 L/S 237 18.195 R/S 238 18.215 R/S 239 18.220 L/S 240 18.235 L/S 241 18.240 R/S 242 18.260 R/S 243 18.288 L/S 244 18.310 R/S 245 18.323 L/S 246 18.333 L/S 247 18.361 L/S 248 18.380 R/S 249 18.390 R/S

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 250 18.395 L/S 251 18.405 R/S 252 18.415 R/S 253 18.475 R/S 254 18.483 R/S 255 18.515 L/S 256 18.540 R/S 257 18.555 L/S 258 18.560 L/S 259 18.566 R/S 260 18.590 L/S 261 18.605 L/S 262 18.615 R/S 263 18.620 L/S 264 18.631 R/S 265 18.635 R/S 266 18.640 L/S 267 18.656 R/S 268 18.660 L/S 269 18.680 L/S 270 18.690 L/S 271 18.749 L/S 272 18.755 R/S 273 18.755 R/S 274 18.760 L/S 275 18.774 R/S 276 18.774 L/S 277 18.785 R/S 278 18.790 L/S 279 18.800 L/S 280 18.809 R/S 281 18.815 L/S 282 18.823 L/S 283 18.840 R/S 284 18.845 R/S 285 18.855 R/S 286 18.864 R/S 287 18.875 R/S 288 18.880 R/S 289 18.881 L/S 290 18.890 R/S 291 18.913 L/S 292 18.915 R/S 293 18.921 L/S 294 18.925 R/S 295 18.960 R/S 296 19.000 L/S 297 19.005 R/S 298 19.020 L/S 299 19.307 R/S 300 19.835 R/S 301 20.107 R/S 79

S. NO. Chainage (km) Location 302 20.180 R/S 303 20.215 R/S 304 20.442 L/S 305 20.501 R/S 306 20.797 R/S 307 21.625 R/S 308 22.771 L/S 309 23.739 L/S 310 23.788 L/S 311 23.32 R/S 312 23.877 R/S 313 23.946 R/S 314 23.956 L/S 315 24.128 R/S 316 24.146 L/S 317 24.152 R/S 318 24.196 L/S 319 24.318 R/S 320 24.450 R/S 321 24.560 R/S 322 24+.91 R/S 323 25.349 R/S 324 25.399 R/S 325 25.428 R/S Source: DPR 210. The impact and mitigation due to tree cutting has been discussed in following paragraphs. Design and Construction Stage 211. One month before the construction starts, clearing and grubbing will be performed by the contractor. All trees within the ROW with 300 mm diameter at 1 m above the ground will be cut, including the removal of stumps. All stumps and roots of trees of girth more than 33 mm at above 1 m from the ground level will be culled. 212. There are altogether 347 and 325 trees likely to be affected due to the project. However, most of the roadside trees are non-fruit bearing in nature dominated by babool and shrubs. The cutting of trees will have minor to negligible impact on local environment. Moreover, this will be temporary since large number of trees have been planned to be planted on both sides of the road. This will improve the local climatic conditions in long term. Mitigation Measures 213. Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees. 214. The project envisages plantation of approximately 2275 and 2429 trees along both sides of road as per IRC SP: 21 specifications as part of providing compensatory plantation on 1:7 basis replacement rate. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department.

215. A range of 10-15 m centre-to-centre is recommended for spacing of trees (parallel to the road). Setback distance of trees in different situations shall be based on IRC: SP: 21 and IRC: 66. The distance between the kerb, if any, and the nearest edge of tree trunk shall be at least 2 m. The plantation in median shall comprise shrubs whose height would normally not exceed 1-1.5 m and shall be as per IRC SP: 21. 216. For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. Excess use of pesticides shall be restricted. Planting shall be such that it does not obstruct the visibility of traffic from any side and shall be pleasing in appearance. Operation Stage 217. Positive impacts on terrestrial ecology are expected during the project operation due to the increase in vegetation and landscaping along the state highway. The Project will coordinate with the local communities to maintain and enhance the trees planted along the state road. ”No adverse impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management“. 218. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management. Mitigation Measures 219. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional Forest Offices shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the programme. 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology Design and Construction Stage 220. Large scale/organised fishing was not observed in the water bodies of the project area. 221. Improvement of existing embankments particularly along the waterways will increase silt while accidental spill of materials, chemicals, and fuels will deteriorate receiving water quality. Mitigation Measures 222. Siltation shall be avoided by measures suggested in Para 179. Operation Stage 223. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. However, periodic surveillance shall be conducted to check erosion and siltation in major water bodies.

5.2.3. Fauna Design and Construction Stage 224. Movement of domestic animals like Cattle, Goats, Cows, Buffalo etc. have been observed in the surrounding agriculture fields. Mitigation measures 225. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible by restricting the construction time from 6 am – 6 pm. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 226. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise and other human activity in these areas. Operation Stage 227. Movement of domestic animals like Cattle, Goats, Cows, Buffalo etc. have been observed in the surrounding agriculture fields. Mitigation measures 228. A box culvert of 2.5 m height will be provided especially near forest areas for safe passage of animals. 229. Fencing wherever cattle movement is expected. To avoid the need for cattle underpasses, some of the proposed culverts near habitations may be widened to facilitate cattle movement 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste 230. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section. Mitigation measures 231. The existing bitumen surface can be utilized for paving of crossroads, access roads, and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc. 232. All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. 233. Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. 234. Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 235. The locations of dumping sites should be selected with following considerations. 236. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites.

237. Away from residential areas and located at least 1000 m downwind side of these locations, 238. Dumping sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc, and 239. Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. 240. Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location. 241. Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props. 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact 242. Assessment of project impact on socio-economic conditions point to the conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact. 5.4.1. Positive Impacts 243. Road-side economic activities will increase due to increased number of vehicle using the road. Economic activities supporting transport like gasoline stations, automotive repair shops, lodging, and restaurants are expected to increase. Increase agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centres where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Other generic benefits of such projects are (i) Reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and frequency of transport (iii) access to quality heath care facilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) enhanced tourism activities in the area and state which in many terms will boost the local economy (v) better investment climate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts 244. Minor losses like problems in accessibility and community linkage, health and safety during and after construction, and temporary change in demographic configuration are mitigable with minor to negligible residual impacts. 5.4.2.1 Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers 245. Poor siting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) Poor sanitation may result to transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. This include the possible spread of sexually transmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug. 83

Mitigation measures 246. Construction camp shall be sited at such locations so as to utilise the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilised for construction camp. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions to avoid water stagnation and necessary provisions for adequate drainage must be made. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies. 247. All construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. The possibility of LPG cylinders shall be explored as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting. 248. At every workplace, the Contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health authorities that a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. 249. The Contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and assist affected individuals. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and consultation communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS. 250. The Contractor will ensure that sufficient supply of suitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers. 251. The Contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers. 252. The Contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. 253. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community. 254. Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. 5.4.2.2 Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community Design and Construction Stage 255. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety of construction workers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists (iii) safety to cattle;

(iv) safety of local community (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage and (v) conduct of safety audit. Mitigation measures 256. During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and hazardous materials and inflammable substances (iii) welding (iv) electrical works etc. A set of mitigation measures for construction workers have been provided in EMP matrix table. 257. Contractor shall arrange all PPEs for workers, first-aid and fire fighting equipments at construction sites. An emergency plan shall be prepared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard. The contractor will be required to appoint an Accident Prevention Officer (APO) who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. The APO will have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. 258. The partial control on access for the project road shall be achieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, intersections, acceleration/deceleration lanes, vehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane. 259. Grade separated intersections/junctions shall be provided at all major intersections in consistent to IRC: 92 260. Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle passageways shall be provided near identified locations. These facilities shall be planned in accordance with the relevant provisions contained in IRC-11, IRC-17 and IRC-103. The crossing facilities can be designed either in conjunction with grade intersections or through underpasses. 261. To avoid disruption of the existing traffic due to construction activities, comprehensive traffic management plan shall be drawn up by the concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones shall be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55. 262. After construction is completed in a particular zone, it shall be opened for normal operation. All diversions/access roads should be closed before start of normal operation. 263. Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry types overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, empty bitumen drums, barricades, and flagmen will be used to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures adopted during construction. The audit will cover manpower and their safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, materials storage and handling, construction procedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services.

Operation phase 264. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires especially near habited areas. Mitigation Measures 265. It is proposed to explore the feasibility of providing the following facilities:

o Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling to provide assistance to the users in case of any need, monitor the travel conditions to provide information to the control section and to undertake immediate measures for managing the traffic flow in case of any incident.

o Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims.

o Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles. 266. MPRDC may also explore the possibility of coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate. 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic Construction Phase 267. Disruption of access to infrastructure or social resource due to construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost to the public in terms of longer travel period due to diversion or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated. Mitigation Measures 268. The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two weeks before the construction starts that will result to obstruction. The plan will include a drawing of temporary diversions and details of arrangement. It will also include plan for transportation of raw materials like quarry, sand etc. A section of the Traffic Plan will be a Control Plan that details how the safety of the pedestrians and workers and delineation of the roadway at night. This plan will recommend for approval of safe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others. 269. Paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements: • At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times • The surface used by the through traffic will be firm bituminous compacted surface free of defect • The maximum continuous length over which construction under traffic may take place is limited to 750 meters.

• Construction activity will be restricted to only one side of the existing road. 270. On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. These paved diversions will comply with standards on junctions and temporary cross drainage. 271. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised vehicle can also be used for its further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas. 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials 272. The construction material primarily will consist off aggregate, sand, cement, bitumen, lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipments. These will be stored temporarily at construction camps. Oils, fuels and chemicals will be stored on concreted platform with spill collection pits while cement will be stored under cover. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 150 m away from the habitat areas. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different section above. 5.4.4.1 Impact on Land and Private Properties 273. The assessment made by the resettlement expert shall be referred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Environmental screening of resettlement sites, if required for the project, shall be carried out. Besides monetary compensation for any loss of private trees, compensatory afforestation and extensive plantation has been incorporated in the EMP to have long-term environmental benefits. 274. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended by social development/resettlement expert shall be implemented. 5.4.4.2 Impact on Common Property Resources 275. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities along the proposed alignment Geometric adjustments have been made to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within ROW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. No community structures are likely to be dismantled/relocated. The impact on other community properties has been provided at Table 5.2.

276.

Table 5.3 : Common Property Resources Along the Alignment Distance from S. Chainage Village Features Side the edge of No. (km) road (m) Jawahar Navoday 1 5.8 Narad Kheda L/S 10 Vidyalaya 2 15.8 Bakhtara Leela Foods L/S 10 3 16.9 Bakhtara Petrol pump L/S 15 4 17.3 Bakhtara Rural warehouse R/S 5 Maa Narmada 5 24.6 Dobhi R/S 15 warehouse Chauhan 6 27.8 Dobhi R/S 12 warehouse 7 33.2 Jawahar Kheda Temple R/S 12 8 35.1 Jawahar Kheda Waiting Room L/S 10 9 40.7 Shahganj Petrol pump L/S 15 10 41.85 Shahganj Petrol pump L/S 15 Divya Basera 11 47.55 Hirji L/S 15 Asram Annapurna 12 48.2 hirji R/S 5 warehouse 13 49.75 Hirji Mosque R/S 10 14 53.3 Jahanpur Waiting Room L/S 10 57.150 - Shahsatnamji 15 Jahanpur R/S 20 57.760 Suchainpur Dham Sarva dharma 16 57.8 Jahanpur L/S 18 Asram 17 57.0 Budhni School R/S 10 18 58.1 Budhni Crusher Plant R/S 100 Source: DPR 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact 277. Cumulative Impact: The area along the present road sections SH-15 and 44 is developing. The road already exists and proposed project will facilitate the pace of development. Some of the cumulative impacts will be deterioration in the air and noise quality especially at the congested locations like Badi, Nanpone, Baktara, Dobi, Shahganj for SH-15 and Silwani, Chicholi, Chandana Piapariya, Udaypura due to increased traffic. There will be loss of vegetation also in some areas near Ater. However, these activities will be slow and impacts are expected to be minimal. 278. The project is expected to improve the drainage along the Kharra and Tendoni Rivers and other rolling terrain areas due to additional culverts and over-toppings. The higher amount of compensatory afforestation (1:7) will increase the aesthetics along the ROW and help in bringing the positive impact on the sourroundings and prevent erosion. It will also result in increased industrial and commercial developments especially near major towns such as Badi, Dobi, Shahganj, Baktara, Silwani, Udaypura etc. The net impacts are expected to be more positive.

279. Induced Impact - The induced impact from the project will be mainly due to the related developmental activities and improved infrastructural development like building construction and commercial establishment. This is likely to result in net positive impact due to overall social development. 89

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed 280. Consultations were held during different stages of the preparation of IEE. To address the key environmental issues, consultations at various levels with local people and government departments were conducted to arrive at socially and technically accepted solutions. A comprehensive consultation with all stakeholders was conducted at the project section. 281. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the sub projects, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural land, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk. 282. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact. 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 283. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1 category projects7 in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB SPS, 2009, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan. 284. Public consultation was undertaken consistent with the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

7 th As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14 September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory.

6.2.1. Consultation with Executing Agency 285. Officials of executing agency provided technical information’s about the project. All issues related to effective implementation of EMP, grievance redress mechanism, various clearances/consent and permission required prior to and during implementation were discussed. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal and Mr. P.K. Chaturvedi, Managing Director and Deputy General Manager of Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), expressed their organization’s commitment to implement the project in environmentally sustainable way and as per the applicable laws/regulations/guidelines and safeguard requirements of ADB and the country. They also shared about lessons learnt from ongoing project. 6.2.2. Consultation with other Government Departments 286. All relevant government departments/agencies including forest and wildlife, fisheries, pollution control board, water resources, and DRDA were consulted for collection of available information their views/ comments and suggestions about the project. 287. Forest officials of the Raisen and Sehore District informed about the existence of forests in the project area. They were also interacted about the existing rules and norms with regards to forest resources and compensation in case of cutting of roadside trees. The officials assured their cooperation in compensatory afforestation work. 288. The list of government officials contacted, along with purpose/objective has been summarised in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted PCCF (Working Plan), Status of forest in state, Impacts on 1. Mr. Dubey Forest Department, forest, mitigation options, Satpura Bhavan, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities Sr. Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 2. Dr. Rita Kauri Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 3. Dr. Abhay Saxena Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Environmental quality in the state and Superintending Engineer major urban centres. Capacity of Mr. Rajesh Madhya Pradesh pollution control board in environmental 4. Srivastava Pollution Control Board management and monitoring Paryavaran Bhavan, requirements of SPCB in the proposed Bhopal project. 91

S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted Dy. Conservator of Status of forest in state, Impacts on 5. Mr. S. P. Sharma Forest, Forest forest, mitigation options, Department, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities

Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Managing Director, 6. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal environmental issues related with road MPRDC, Bhopal improvement, capacity enhancement of MPRDC, future plans Conditions of road network in state, DGM (Enviornment), scope of road improvement, 7. Mr. Alok Chaturvedi MPRDC, Bhopal environmental issues related with road improvement Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Mr. Piyush.K. environmental issues related with road 8 DGM, MPRDC, Bhopal Chaturvedi improvement, implementation schedule of various activities, organizational setting of MPRDC, Status of forests along the project road, Jigar Singh, Forest Guards, Range presence of flora and fauna species in 9. Mataram – Forest officers, local community the forests, forest boundaries and road Guard leaders encroachments

6.2.3. Consultation with NGOs 289. All the NGOs welcome the project. They express concern over afforestation programme. NGOs also demand to pay attention for survival rate of the trees. Awareness camp among the people regarding road safety is also suggested. The outcome of consultation with NGOs is summarised below in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs Name of NGOs Contact Remarks Person BYPASS - Bhopal Yuwa Mr. Akhilesh • Welcomed the project Paryavaran Shikshan Singh Yadav • Raised concerns about the impact on reserve and Samajik Sansthan forests through the project stretch Chunabhatti, • Expressed his concern about use of fodder Bhopal,M.P.-16 from the forest being used during construction phase • Suggested minimal tree cutting and proportional afforestation Ecosake Society for Mr. Kinshuk • Welcomed the project Environment Tiwary • Expressed his desire that adequate Conservation and Social compensation should be provided, as per the Awareness latest R&R policy, to the people affected from Bhopal-16 this project • Desired minimal impacts on forest and other mineral resources in the region from the project

Name of NGOs Contact Remarks Person • Desired involvement of Local skilled and unskilled labour during construction activities Green Hurt Nature Club Jai Sharma • Welcomed the project M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-11 • Emphasized the need of plantation of local tree species for the roadside plantations. • Raised his concerns on the land filing/borrow activity suggested about prevention of top soil • Desired the need of awareness/ training program for the contractors and labourers to educate them for environmental issues. Forum for Environmental Dr. R. Mathur • Welcomed the project Protection • Expressed his concern regarding water Gwalior - 474011 logging problem during construction phase at many places. • Raised his concerns about health and safety schemes to be provided to construction labours especially during monsoon period. • Emphasized on the need of identification of sites for disposal of construction debris before the start of civil works. • Wanted banning of old vehicles on these roads by Government to reduce the pollution. Energy Environment and Ajit Kumar • Welcomed the project Development Group Saxena • Raised his concerns about the problem of R-12, II Floor electricity and its role in number of accidents Above Central Color Lab that occurred on this road due to it. Bhopal - 462003 • Enquired about the compensation to be provided to the displaced/affected people. Centre for Envirocare Mahendra • Welcomed the project and Energy Technology Kumar Shukla • Expressed his concerns about the cutting of E-7/466 Arera Colony trees and stressed the need for their Bhopal - 462016 rehabilitation and afforestation. Madhya Pradesh • Suggested the need of increasing the awareness among contractors, labourers and villagers. 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments 290. The project has immense acceptability among the local people. They perceived that in addition to providing all weather connectivity, the sub- project road will bring positive socio-economic changes in the area. Local people mainly discussed on issues related to rehabilitation and resettlement and proper vigilance of construction work. They suggested minimising acquisition of agricultural land as much as possible since livelihood of the people is principally dependent on agriculture. 291. Other common demands included modifications of alignment near orchards and religious structures. The people wanted consultation before relocation of such structures. They were also concerned about the safety issues related with increase in traffic due to improved road conditions The list of participants, their views, and outcome of the consultations have been summarised in Table 6.3. 93

Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community S. Name of Village Issues and Outcomes No. Particpiant Badi-Budhni 1. Baktara Pawan chauhan . Welcomed the project (farmer) . Complained about the bad road conditions especially during Beni (farmer) monsoon period due to which movement and business is Kalian singh severely affected. (farmer) . Expressed their concern on the safety aspect in the post- Birendra (farmer) project scenario. Mahesh chauhan . Informed about the groundwater problem in the area (shopkeeper) . Complained about poor drainage on the road due to which Radhey shyam the rainwater enters the shops and houses during monsoon (tea-shop owner) season Zalim yadav . No child labour problem in the village (farmer) . Informed that canals are the main source of irrigation for Tek chand (labour) agriculture activities Jeevan ram . No fishery activity in the area (labour) . Complained about dust problem in the area due to loose soil 2. Budhni . Welcomed the project . Complained about the road conditions and informed about the accidents on the road . Complained about the lack of infrastructure facilities for village students and hoped the road conditions will improve this as well . Complained about the poor drainage on the road due to which the rainwater enters the shops and houses during monsoon season Silwani-Udaypura 1. Chandan Gyani (villager) . Welcomed the project a Chhotu (villager) . Expressed their concern on the safety aspect in the post- Piapariya Deepak thakur project scenario. (villager) . Informed about the fishery activity in River Tendoni Near Sanjay (driver) . Complained about the sewer problem of the area. River • Informed about the problem of traffic congestion on this Tendoni stretch due to unavailability of space. 2. Udaypur . Welcomed the project a . Emphasized the need of plantation of local tree species for the roadside plantations. . Enquired about the land acquisitions and compensations by the Government. • Agreed to provide borrow earth material if suitably paid.

Plate 1: Discussion with villagers at Baktara

Plate 2: Discussion with local fisherman at Chandana Piapariya 95

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM

7.1. Environmental Management Plan 1. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options. 2. The EMP consists of action plans for (i) implementation of recommended mitigation measures, (ii) environment quality monitoring during construction and operation stage to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed, and (iii) institutional capacity building and training. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 7.1.

7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP) 3. A separate Social Impact Assessment study is undertaken and social development programme is addressed as per this study. The involuntary resettlement issue is also addressed under separate study. However, the correlated issues like safety of habitats and workers, protection of common physical cultural resources, safe passage of habitats are addressed under environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 4. Since there is no indigenous population likely to be affected in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. This has to be confirmed based on the social assessment.

7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan 5. Assessment of nature, type and extent of project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other situation includes road overtopping due to heavy flood. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in- house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 6. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with the aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario.

• To assess compliance to regulatory requirements • To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. A monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 7.2.

7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator 7. The monitoring schedule has been developed based on the possible occurrence of adverse impacts and required mitigation actions. However, this schedule is subject to change depending on the analysis results obtained. The performance indicators and protocol for changing the monitoring schedule is given below. 7.2.1.1.1 Tree Plantation 8. The 75% survival rate of re-plantation shall be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 75%, necessary measures will be taken to increase the survival rate and monitoring shall be again taken up on the third year of operation. This cycle should continue until the 75% survival rate is achieved. 7.2.1.1.2 Soil Erosion and Drainage Congestion 9. No significant soil erosion problem is anticipated due to the project either in the construction phase or in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, some localised soil erosion may be noticed owing to construction activities. However, if soil erosion is noticed during construction and operation phase, the corrective actions shall be initiated and frequency of check increased to assess the tendency of occurrence. 10. The cross drainage structure shall be free from siltation. Visual check shall be made periodically to identify any drainage congestion or water logging along the road. Appropriate corrective action shall be taken to clear the congestion and prevent reoccurrence. 7.2.1.1.3 Air and Noise Quality 11. Due to the variability of the construction activities, namely changes in batch composition, type of construction activity and other anthropogenic influences, the ambient air quality of the project area may change. If the air quality with respect to any parameter exceeds by more than 25% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be doubled and cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 12. Similarly, due to the variability in traffic movement, namely changes in traffic volume, traffic compositions and other anthropogenic influences, the noise quality in the project area is likely to change. If the noise 97

quality exceeds by 20% of the applicable ambient noise quality standard or 5% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be increased and the cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 7.2.1.1.4 Water Quality 13. No significant change in water quality is perceived due to the project in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, the monitored values for pH, BOD, COD, TDS, DO and Oil & Grease might change owing to construction activities. Hence, it is suggested that if the monitored value for any water quality parameter exceeds by more than 20% of its last monitored status the monitoring frequency shall be increased.

7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP 14. The most essential component of the Environment Monitoring Plan is the execution of the Plan in accordance with the monitoring schedule provided therein. The field officer concerned at PIU will be responsible for timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed. He can execute this task through supervision consultant. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. A Management Information System (MIS) is also put in place for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within the MPRDC. 15. The monitoring reports shall be sent to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head office with copy to Divisional Officer. 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 16. M. P. State Road Development Corporation (MPRDC) is responsible for the development of state roads. MPRDC has set up divisional offices which act as Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Each PIU is headed by Divisional officer who is supported various engineers (field officers). These field officers also have the responsibility to comply with various regulatory permitting and compliance monitoring requirement. A Sr Manager (Environment & Social) is posted at Head Quarter who is responsible for overall environment and social management of sub projects. He reports to Dy General Manager who is responsible for the implementation of MPSRP_II and co-ordinate with ADB to monitor all environmental requirements of this subproject. 17. For subproject planning and implementation, Project Implementation Unit/s (PIUs) are established. This is headed by Divisional Officer and supported by Field officers. It is proposed to designate one of the field officers with additional responsibility of environment and social management. This officer shall be given adequate training for effective environmental management and monitoring. The designated field officer will be responsible for implementation and monitoring of EMP. Field Officer will monitor the compliance directly or with the help of supervision consultant. SQC will also supervise the contractor for complying the EMP

requirements, monitoring requirements and obtaining the required permits. Divisional officer will be responsible for overall effective implementation of EMP at PIU level who will ensure it through field officer and SQC. Field officer will be fully responsible for operation stage monitoring. 18. The EMP will be included in the construction contract and the contractor will be responsible for its implementation. MPSRDC will monitor the implementation of these mitigation measures by the contractors through Sr Manager Environment, Field Officers at PIU and SQC. The field officers at PIU level will be responsible for compliance monitoring and periodic reporting to divisional officer and Sr. Manager Environment at Head office. 19. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations HQ MPRDC Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant • Obtain statutory • Obtain permits as • Joint verification to • Assist and advise the clearances required required during be carried out by PIU in matters relating during pre-construction construction stage HQ, PIU, SC to environment and stage Contractor Env. social matters. • Joint Verification Manager. • overall project Exercise including, • Compliance reporting coordination and PMU CMU, SC for • Overall Supervision to EMP and clearance management through review of EMP of implementation of conditions PIU supported by SC EMP • Interaction with Sr • Provide corrective • Interaction and Manager (Env. & • Environmental action if any deviation Reporting to ADB. Social) , PIU and SC monitoring through to EMP is identified Submission of approved laboratory progress reports to • Contractor’s Env. or through SC • Part of Joint ADB atleast once in a Officer will be primarily Verification Exercise • Verification of year. responsible for to be carried out by implementation EMP consent taken by HQ, PIU and • Effective contractor for Contractor for review • implementation of Filling of Reporting opening of borrow of EMP for EMP and Monitoring of Format and submitting areas, and setting up modification in EMP to SC labour camps. enhancement Ensuring restoration • Compilation of data • Monitoring through measures (if required) as per initial relating to approved agency. agreement with land • Ensure that the implementation of • Preparation of various owner contractor define the EMP. plans for effective cost of environmental • Keeping records of • Advising and implementation of measures like borrow all consents obtained suggesting corrective EMP as detailed out in area rehabilitation etc by contractor. measures to adhere to EMP and submitting it which are shown as time schedule for for approval to SC • Compilation of data part of construction implementation of relating to cost under EMP • EMP. Identification of sites implementation of matrix (Appendix 7.1) for labour camps, hot before the start of • EMP. Carry out mix plant, batch mix construction. This • verification/supervision plant, debris disposal Filling of Summary amount shall be exercises for etc Sheets and reporting released against 99

implementation of to HQ. completion of EMP with respect to respective EMP • Approval of plans modification (if measures. prepared by required) for contractor • enhancement Supervise measures. • Addressing implementation of grievances of local EMP/EMoP by community and contractor information • Develop good dissemination practices construction through guidelines to assist NGOs/CBOs. contractor in implementation of EMP • Conduct Consultations programs with the stakeholders on regular basis to get first hand information on the inconvenience caused to contractor’s activities such as noise, debris disposal etc. • Ensure submission of compliance report on EMP/EMoP once in six months to PIU

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HQ MPRDC Asian DY General Manager Developmen (MPSRSP II) t Bank

Social and Env. Group (Proposed) Sr. Manager (Env and Social) Supported by Manager Env. and Social (proposed)

PIU Supervision Consultant Contractor Divisional Officer supported by field Officers

Field Officer – (Proposed to be designated with additional responsibility of Env. And Social)

Need Based Support from Approved Monitoring Agency and Independent Subject Experts and Institutions

Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation 101

7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building 20. Capacity Building: As per the existing structure, one officer at Sr Manager Level is responsible for Environmental and social aspect at MPRDC. Considering the increasing magnitude of activities, it is proposed that another manager level officer be appointed to support Sr manager’s activities. The group shall be named as Environmental and Social Group. To facilitate and streamline this group’s activities it is proposed to develop the Environmental and social impact guidelines. This will standardise the impact assessment, regulatory compliance and environmental quality monitoring mechanism. 21. Training and Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effects, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the training and awareness programme is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MoEF, SPCB/CPCB, and Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (e.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training. Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

Time Basis for Costs Estimation Frame S. Target Subject(s) Method and No. group Training Estimate Material Training Delivery d Cost Preparation Reproduction of Training All staffs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. of Environmental Before 200 per set for 120 sets ) MPSRDC Overview: beginning including Environmental of the Training Delivery: PIU Regulations, sub- Lectures implemen Honorarium and travel cost project project related cum tation of @ Rs 2.0 of the faculty Rs 2.0 lac (@ 1 staff provisions of interactio the sub- Lacs 50,000 per programme for 4 involved in various Acts/ n project. programmes) implement Guidelines, EIA

ation of notification, process INR 6.24 Venue and other facility the project and methodology Lakhs costs Rs 2.0 lacs ( @ Rs and Select for IEE, EMPs 50000 per programme with NGOs. 25 participants in each) Field Implementation of Before Officer EMPs: the (Env) at Basic features of an Worksho constructi PIU, EMP, Planning, @ Rs 2.0 2 ps and on begins -do- Supervisio designing and Lacs Seminars n execution of INR 6.24 Consultant environmental Lakhs ’s mitigation and

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Environme enhancement ntal measures, Specialists monitoring and and Select evaluation of NGOs environmental conditions – during construction and operation Environmentally Sound Construction Practices: Clean construction technology, Sr alternatives Manager, materials and Manager techniques for at Head construction, Waste Quarter Management and and Field minimization in Before officer at construction, the PIU, , Worksho constructi pollution control @ Rs 3.0 3 design ps and on -do- devices and Lacs team, methods for Site visits Supervisio construction sites INR 6.24 n and equipment, Lakhs Consultant Environmental Constructi clauses in contract on documents and Contractor their implications, s’ staff protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction Monitoring Environmental Reproduction of Training Performance during Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. Construction: 200 per set for 120 persons PIU and Air, Water, Soil and ) Supervisio Noise, tree survival During

n Monitoring initial Training Delivery: Consultant requirement and Lectures, phases of Honorarium and travel cost , NGOs techniques, Worksho constructi @ Rs 1.5 4 of the faculty Rs 1.6 lac (@ and Evaluation and p and site on Lacs 40,000 per programme for 4 communit Review of results, visits programmes) y Performance INR 5.0

representa indicators and their Lakhs Venue and other facility tives applicability, costs Rs 1.6 lacs ( @ Rs possible corrective 40,000 per programme with actions, reporting 25 participants in each) requirements and mechanisms 103

Rs 23.72 Total lacs or Training Say Rs Costs 24 lacs

22. Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism 23. Any environmental grievance received from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, field officer will assess if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days through suitable mode by the field officer with the approval of Divisional Officer. In case PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Sr. Manager ( Environment & Social) at head quarter who will take it up further and resolve. The corrective and preventing action will be taken in a time bound manner as per response given to the stakeholders. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB. 24. The local community will be informed by the respective supervision consultants about the option to express their grievances if any through the mechanism described above before the start of construction activities. The grievance redress mechanism with the name of concerned official shall also be displayed at MPRDC website, and on notice boards of the PIU office and construction sites.

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8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1. Conclusions 25. The findings of Environment Assessment indicate that project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. Some impacts require design consideration and are suitably addressed. The project received immense support from local people as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area. 26. The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural. The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc. During operation stage, the main impact may be related to air quality and noise. Other issues relates to road safety including pedestrian and cattles. 27. Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorised as Category ‘B’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 28. Key findings of the IEE are summarised in following paragraphs: • There are several canals and drains cutting across the project alignment. The major rivers crossing the project area are Kharra, Dobhi, Gunjari, Tendoni. Further, the topography of the subproject area is marked by elevated plains and low altitude hills which cause flooding during monsoon season, especially near the surface water bodies and canals. Therefore adequate cross drainage structures are required to avoid flooding during monsoon season. All necessary measures as suggested in IEE including IRC specifications for embankment formation in waterlogged areas shall be taken into account. • The groundwater condition in the project section is poor. Hence, provisions of water harvesting should be adopted. • Since no land acquisition is involved, the project will not affect any family. Also, there will be no Impact on community infrastructure as the upgradation is limited to the available ROW. • Ambient noise level is within prescribed limit except near busy intersections such as Badi, Dobhi, Baktara, Budhni etc. Some of the key suggested measures during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. Operation stage mitigation includes multilayered 105

plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement. • The availability of government waste land/barren land/uplands etc. is limited in the area. It is recommended to follow the guidelines for borrow area management as suggested in IEE. • Since the sub-project passes through about 7.1 and 2.6 km of protected and reserve forests, the provisions mentioned in the IEE for these locations for the safety of flora and fauna should be strictly imposed. • The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:7 basis in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done in consultation at river banks especially at major bridge locations. • Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimise siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature. • Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. The increased pollution level during construction stage will be largely localised and temporary in nature. Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species. • Siting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction camp, workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE. • Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites. • Risk involved with accidents, community and occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction. 29. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts. 8.2. Key Recommendations: 30. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental

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assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. 31. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan may be updated if deemed necessary as per site conditions. MPRDC shall submit six monthly compliance/update reports to ADB. 32. All necessary clearances/permissions/No-objections/Consents should be obtained as required at different stages and as outlined in legal framework chapter of IEE. MPRDC shall ensure that environmental clearance as may be required is obtained before start of construction. 33. Executing agency shall ensure that EMP and EMoP is included in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) and forms part of bid document and civil works contract. The same shall be revised if necessary during project implementation or if there is any change in the project design and with approval of ADB.

Appendix 3.1: Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges

ROAD NO. 13 (BADI-BAKTARA-DOBI-SHAHGANJ-BUDHNI), SH-15, DISTT. RAISEN, SEHORE, 58.90 Km

CHAINA CHAINA PAVEMENT SHOULDER TERR EMBAN SOIL LAND Avg. REMARKS GE GE TY CONDITI WID CONDITI WID AIN KMENT USE ROW From To PE ON TH TYPE ON TH EARTHE Widening/Reconstruction 0.000 0.100 CC FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 12-14 N with CC EARTHE Widening/Reconstruction 0.100 0.200 CC POOR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 12-14 N with CC EARTHE 0.200 4.450 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N EARTHE AGRICUL 4.450 4.600 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE 4.600 4.800 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N EARTHE AGRICUL 4.800 7.500 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE AGRICUL 7.500 8.800 BT POOR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE 8.800 9.000 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N EARTHE AGRICUL 9.000 10.600 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE 10.600 10.800 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N EARTHE AGRICUL 10.800 11.200 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE 11.200 11.400 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N EARTHE AGRICUL 11.400 14.050 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE 14.050 14.600 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N 1

EARTHE AGRICUL 14.600 15.700 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL EARTHE AGRICUL 15.700 15.900 BT FAIR 3.5 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-2.0 BC 12-14 Widening/Reconstruction N TURAL Widening to 4 lane CC / EARTHE 15.900 16.800 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 12-14 Reconstruction from N Base

Widening to 4 lane CC / EARTHE 16.800 17.400 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-1.0 BC BUILTUP 14 Reconstruction from N Base

EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 17.400 20.700 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5-1.0 BC 14 N TURAL Base EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 20.700 21.300 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 14 N TURAL Base EARTHE Reconstruction from 21.300 21.900 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 14 N Base EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 21.900 23.100 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 14 N TURAL Base EARTHE Reconstruction from 23.100 23.400 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 14 N Base EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 23.400 29.100 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 14 N TURAL Base EARTHE VERY Reconstruction from 29.100 29.300 BT FAIR 7.0 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 14 N POOR Base (CC) EARTHE Reconstruction from 29.300 29.600 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC BUILTUP 14 N Base (CC) EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 29.600 33.400 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC 14 N TURAL Base EARTHE Reconstruction from 33.400 33.600 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC BUILTUP 14 N Base EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 33.600 37.600 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC 14 N TURAL Base EARTHE Reconstruction from 37.600 38.000 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC BUILTUP 14 N Base EARTHE AGRICUL Reconstruction from 38.000 40.700 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC 14 N TURAL Base 40.700 41.000 BT FAIR 7.0 EARTHE POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1.0 BC BUILTUP 14 Widening to 4 lane CC /

N Reconstruction from Base Widening to 4 lane CC / EARTHE 41.000 41.500 BT FAIR 7.0 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.0 BC BUILTUP 14 Reconstruction from N Base Widening to 4 lane CC / EARTHE 41.500 42.300 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 16 Reconstruction from N Base EARTHE AGRICUL Widening / 42.300 43.200 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 16 N TURAL Reconstruction EARTHE Widening / 43.200 43.300 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 16 N Reconstruction EARTHE AGRICUL Widening / 43.300 43.500 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 16 N TURAL Reconstruction EARTHE VERY AGRICUL Widening / 43.500 44.300 BT POOR 3.75 1.0 PLAIN 0.5 / 1.0 BC 16 N POOR TURAL Reconstruction MUR EARTHE VERY ROLLI AGRICUL Widening / 44.300 46.200 BT POOR 3.75 1.0 1.0 RUM 16 N POOR NG TURAL Reconstruction + BC MUR EARTHE VERY ROLLI AGRICUL Widening / 46.200 46.350 BT POOR 3.75 1.0 1.0 RUM 16 N POOR NG TURAL Reconstruction + BC MUR EARTHE VERY ROLLI Widening / 46.350 46.400 BT POOR 3.75 1.0 1.0 RUM BUILTUP 16 N POOR NG Reconstruction + BC MUR EARTHE VERY ROLLI Widening / 46.400 46.550 BT POOR 3.75 1.0 1.0 RUM BUILTUP 16 N POOR NG Reconstruction + BC MUR EARTHE VERY ROLLI AGRICUL Widening / 46.550 47.100 BT POOR 3.75 1.0 1.0 RUM 16 N POOR NG TURAL Reconstruction +BC EARTHE MUR AGRICUL Widening / 47.100 47.250 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 HILLY 0 16 N RUM TURAL Reconstruction FOREST, Widening / EARTHE MUR 47.250 49.250 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 HILLY 0 Both 16 Reconstruction (CC) N RUM Sides Near CD No. 50 EARTHE MUR AGRICUL Widening / 49.250 50.950 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 HILLY 0 16 N RUM TURAL Reconstruction 3

FOREST, EARTHE MUR Widening / 50.950 51.000 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 HILLY 0 Both 16 N RUM Reconstruction Sides MUR FOREST, EARTHE ROLLI Widening / 51.000 51.650 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 0 RUM Both 16 N NG Reconstruction + BC Sides

MUR AGRICUL EARTHE ROLLI Widening / 51.650 52.700 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 0 RUM TURAL / 16 N NG Reconstruction + BC BARREN

AGRICUL MUR EARTHE ROLLI TURAL (L) Widening / 52.700 53.400 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 0 RUM 16 N NG / FOREST Reconstruction + BC ( R) AGRICUL EARTHE ROLLI MUR TURAL (L) Widening / 53.400 56.350 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 1.5 16 N NG RUM / FOREST Reconstruction ( R)

EARTHE ROLLI MUR AGRICUL Widening / 56.350 56.500 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.0 1.5 16 N NG RUM TURAL Reconstruction

EARTHE ROLLI MUR AGRICUL Widening / 56.500 57.000 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 1.0 16 N NG RUM TURAL Reconstruction EARTHE ROLLI MUR Widening / 57.000 57.450 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 1.0 BUILTUP 16 N NG RUM Reconstruction BUILTUP EARTHE ROLLI MUR (L) / Widening / 57.450 57.750 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 1.0 16 N NG RUM FOREST ( Reconstruction R) BUILTUP EARTHE ROLLI MUR ( R) / Widening / 57.750 58.200 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 1.0 16 N NG RUM FOREST Reconstruction (L) EARTHE ROLLI MUR Widening / 58.200 58.900 BT POOR 3.75 POOR 1.5 1.0 BUILTUP 16 N NG RUM Reconstruction

Appendix 3.2: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

Roads and Highways

Badi-Baktara-Budhni (SH-15) SECTION

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

IND/Sub-regional Transport Enhancement Project – Road improvement w/ Country/Project Title: bituminous overlay: Badi-Budhni (58.9 km) and Silwani-Udaypura (28.6 km)

Sector Division: IND TA: 7198

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting

Is The Project Area Adjacent To Or Within Any Of The Following Environmentally Sensitive Areas? . Cultural Heritage Site None

. Protected Area None

None . Wetland

. Mangrove None

. Estuarine None

. Buffer Zone of Protected Area None

. Special Area for Protecting Biodiversity None

B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will The Project Cause… 5

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS No encroachment on historical or Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; cultural areas is envisaged. disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? The topography of project road is mainly flat. But, minor impacts on landscape by road embankments to improve profile, cuts and fills cannot be ruled out.

None. The project road does not Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive pass through any sensitive or protected areas)? ecological areas. Minimal, since no new construction Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways of bridges is proposed Most rivers crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment in project area are seasonal. in streams affected by increased soil erosion at Necessary measures shall be taken construction site? to prevent impacts on watercourses. Suitable prevention measures such Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt as silt fencing will reduce silt run runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based off. camps and chemicals used in construction? Adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition. Local air pollution level is likely to Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, be increased for short duration cutting and filling works, and chemicals from during construction period asphalt processing? particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc., if required. Risk is temporary and associated Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational with construction phase. health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project Construction workers will be construction and operation during project provided with proper occupational, construction and operation? health and safety gear. Safety officer will be appointed by contractor to lead implementation of occupational and community health and safety plan during construction phase Minimal increase in ambient noise Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil levels is expected due to various works? construction activities. Necessary mitigation measures will be taken in noise sensitive locations such as schools, temples and forest areas.

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS None. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

No displacement. Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people Project improvement work is to be living in right-of-way? carried out within existing available ROW, no resettlement is envisaged. None. Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

All possible mitigation measures Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in will be taken to avoid any living conditions in the project areas that may inconvenience due to the project. trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and Efforts will also be made to keep stress? air pollution within permissible levels to prevent respiratory problems and stress among the nearby inhabitants. Traffic management plan to be Hazardous driving conditions where construction followed during construction will interferes with pre-existing roads? be prepared. Appropriate waste management Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in shall be adopted to prevent any construction camps and work sites, and possible such conditions. Awareness plan transmission of communicable diseases from for workers will be prepared to workers to local populations? educate them about communicable diseases. No such condition is anticipated Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease?

Temporarily during construction Accident risks associated with increased vehicular stage. Adequate measures will be traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials provided to prevent them such as and loss of life? speed reduction, provision of crash barrier & proper traffic signage system at sensitive places will ensure smooth traffic flow which will reduce accidental risk Increased noise and air pollution resulting from Temporary during construction traffic volume? phase. Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease Temporarily during construction and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles phase. using the road? Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks. Most of the workers will be hired Social conflicts if workers from other regions or locally. countries are hired?

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Most of the workers will be hired Large population influx during project construction locally. All groundwater extraction and operation that causes increased burden on will be covered by necessary social infrastructure and services (such as water permits and all construction sites supply and sanitation systems)? will have sanitary toilets with septic tank. No blasting will be made, bitumen Risks to community health and safety due to the handling will be consistent with the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of Material Safety Data Sheet, materials such as explosives, fuel and other occupational and community chemicals during construction and operation? health and safety provisions included in the EMP Community and occupational Community safety risks due to both accidental and health and safety plan will form natural causes, especially where the structural part of EMP. elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

The Project is categorized as B. As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required. However, other consent conditions will be required.

APPENDIX 4.1 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding as Notified on 16th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 6 and Section 25 of the Environment Protect Act, 1986.

Time-Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air

Ecologically Industrial, Pollutant Sensitive Area Residential Average (Notified by and other Central rural area Government) Annual* 50 20 3 SO2 ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 40 30 3 NOx ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 60 60 3 PM10 ug/m 24 hours** 100 100 Annual* 40 40 3 PM2.5 ug/m 24 hours** 60 60

Annual* 0.50 0.50 3 Lead ug/m

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

8 Hours** 2000 2000 3 CO ug/m 1 Hour** 4000 4000 8 Hours** 100 100 3 O3 ug/m 1 Hour** 180 180 Annual* 100 100 3 NH3 ug/m 24 hours** 400 400 Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section-3-Subsection (i)

* Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval. ** 24-horly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values shall be complied with 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

APPENDIX 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India

Day Time Night Time Area/Class (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM) (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

APPENDIX 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. Affects taste, corrodes supply 5 pH 6.5 8.5 system. Causes scaling, excessive soap HARDNESS, as CaCO3, 6 300 600 consumption, calcification of mg/l arteries. Causes staining of laundry and 7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition. May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, 8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 corrosion and palatability are affected. RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only Excessive chlorination causes 9 when 0.20 - asthma, colitis and eczema Water is chlorinated May cause gastro-intestinal TOTAL DISSOLVED 10 500 2000 irritation, corrosion and laxative SOLIDS, mg/l effect to new users. Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, 11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood. Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes 12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems. Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, 13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 causes central nervous system irritation and depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems. Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a 14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400 cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect. Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very 15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous 11

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible and cardiovascular system.

Reduces dental carries, very high 16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, 17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. 18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. Essential and beneficial in human 19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water. Cr6+ produces lung tumours, 20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. Causes skin damage, circulatory 21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problems, and increased risk of skin cancer. Raises blood cholesterol, lowers 22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation blood sugar. 23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic Causes nerve damage, thyroid 26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problem. Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes 27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism. Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction 28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. Leads to hair, finger loss, and 29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems. Affects central nervous system, 30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc. 31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste,

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible mg/l deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS. Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, and 32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic. High concentration causes vomiting and diarrhoea stimulates 33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss. Harmful to persons suffering from 34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. Essential nutrition element but 35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline excessive amounts are cathartic. Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react 36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals. PATHOGENS Causes water borne diseases like a)TOTAL COLIFORM coliform jaundice; Typhoid, 37 No/dl 1 10 Cholera etc. produces infections

b)FAECAL COLIFORM involving skin mucous membrane No/dl of eyes, ears and throat. RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES 0-4 milligram/year 38 Increases risk of cancer. -ALPHA PARTICLES 0-15 picocuries/year -RADIUM 0-05 picocuries/year

APPENDIX 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 6 5 4 4 - mg/L, Min Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, 2 3 3 - - max Total Coliform organism 50 500 5000 - - **, MPN/100ml, Max pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), - - - 1.2 - mg/L, Max Electrical Conductivity, - - - - 2250 µmhos/cm, max Sodium absorption Ratio - - - - 26 Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2

A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Location of borrow areas shall be finalized as per IRC: 10-1961guidlines. The finalization of locations in case of borrows areas identified in private land shall depend upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. If, agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites, arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. (1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. (2) The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads. (3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. (4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. (5) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available. 2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; (1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. (2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. (3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un- acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately. (4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

C. Borrow Areas near River side

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

E. Borrow Pits along the Road

Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer; following precautions are recommended (i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Ridges of not less than 8m widths should be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage. (v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary line having a slope of 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m. (vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m. 4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface. • Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed 17

after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment. The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

APPENDIX 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-15 : Badi-Budhni 58.90 km and SH-44 : Silwani-Udaypura) All activity for supervision is on part of SQC unless involvement of different department Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment  Pavement • Selection of suitable pavement Design requirement • All habitat areas throughout During the Included in Design SQC/MPRD damage and design in habitat areas the alignment design construction Consultant C inadequate considering alignment level and stage cost drainage drainage provisions in • Raise road level above the habitat areas nearby areas with provision of adequate side drains to evacuate the rain water and domestic discharges (drained by habitats occasionally) to prevent damage to road and rain water entry to habitats’ houses. • Provision of adequate no of cross drainage structures based on drainage pattern around the alignment  Safety along the • Make provisions of crash barriers Design requirement • Crash barriers are proposed During the Included in Design SQC/MPRD proposed at accident prone areas at the following chainages design construction Consultant C alignment • Provision of rumble strips in along the project corridor stage cost habitat areas to regulate speed. • SH-15 • Provision of retro-reflective Proposed Chainage warning sign boards nears From To school, hospital, religious places and forests areas 32.390 32.420 • Provision of footpaths along the 32.530 32.560 road near habitat areas, school, 45.000 45.030 hospital, religious places and 55.285 55.315 forests • SH-44 • Compliance with norms specified Proposed Chainage in IRC codes for state highway From To for curvature and grading 2.810 2.840 • Provision of safety kerb with 10.885 10.915 19

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision footpath at all bridges 16.525 16.555 • The design should attempt to equalize cut and fill. The centerline should be aligned so that on all slopes below 60 degrees, half cut and half fill can be achieved. • Minimize the cutting in hill areas. Incorporate slope stabilization measures to prevent any land slide situation. • 2. Natural Hazards  Protection from • Design considering the IRC:34 Throughout the stretch Design Project Design SQC/MPRD damage from earthquake potential though the Recommendations Stage preparation Consultant C Earthquake area falls under low earthquake for road construction Cost intensity of 2/3 in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines  Protection of road • Raise embankment height above for Design of High All the existing culverts/bridges Design Included in Design SQC/MPRD embankment in the HFL levels in the flood prone Embankments are improved to increase their and construction Consultant C Flood prone areas. carrying capacity. Constructi cost Areas • Provision of adequate balancing on Stage culverts. 3. Weather Conditions and Air Quality  Local Weather • Geometric adjustment to reduce Kyoto Protocol, Throughout project corridor, Design Road Side Design SQC conditions tree cutting. Environmental mainly at level crossings, and Plantations Consultant /MPRDC • Compensatory tree Plantation Protection Act, haulage roads, earthwork, Constructi +Additional and Contractor (1:5) 1986; The Air construction sites, loading on stage Plantation • Additional Plantation on river (Prevention and areas, storage areas, transport During the cost8=(2.9 + banks, borrow areas and Control of Pollution) route Constructi 2.7) Million sensitive locations to increase Act, 1981 on stage (@1200/tree)

8 The total no. trees likely to be cut are estimated to be 347 and 325 for SH-15 and 44 respectively. Compensatory afforestation norm is 1:5. Additional Plantation of 1:2 is suggested. Hence, 2429 and 2275 trees have to be planted in lieu of compensatory plantation. Project has the provision of planting trees on both sides of the road. The lump sum cost of cutting a tree, its afforestation and maintenance is taken as Rs. 1200.

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision the green cover and improve the + aesthetics IRC and  Dust Generation • Transport, loading and unloading MORTH Included in Design SQC/MPRD due to of loose and fine materials Specifications for project cost Consultant C construction through covered vehicles. Road and Bridge and Contractor SQC/MPRD works activities and • Paved approach roads. C Air (P and CP) transport, storage • Storage areas to be located Act 1974 and and handling of downwind of the habitation area. • Water spraying on earthworks, Central Motor and construction unpaved haulage roads and Vehicle materials other dust prone areas. Act 1988 • Provision of PPEs to workers.  Emission of air • Regular maintenance of Asphalt mixing plants, crushers, During the Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD pollutants (HC, machinery and equipment. DG sets locations Constructi project cost C SO2, NOX, CO • Batching, asphalt mixing plants on stage etc) from vehicles and crushers at downwind (1km) due to traffic direction from the nearest congestion and settlement. use of equipment • Only crushers licensed by the and machinery PCB shall be used Included in • DG sets with stacks of adequate monitoring cost height and use of low sulphur diesel as fuel. • Ambient air quality monitoring • Follow traffic management plan as given in Section 8. 4. Noise  Noise from • All equipment to be timely Legal requirement Throughout project section During the Cost for Contractor SQC/MPRD construction serviced and properly Noise Pollution especially at construction sites, Constructi Plantation C vehicle, maintained. (Regulation and residential areas and identified on stage already equipment and • Bottlenecks to be removed. Control) Rules, sensitive locations indicated machinery. • Construction equipment and 2000 and above. machinery to be fitted with amendments silencers and maintained thereof properly. + • Only IS approved equipments Clause No 501.8.6. shall be used for construction MoSRTH 21

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision activities. Specifications for • Timing of noisy construction Road and Bridge activities shall be done during works Monitoring night time and weekends near Cost as sensitive receptors such as indicated In schools and temples, concurrent EMoP. noisy operations may be separated to reduce the total noise generated, and if possible re-route traffic during construction to avoid the accumulation of noise beyond standards. Else provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations or near sources. • Time regulation near residential and forest areas construction shall be restricted to daylight hours. • Initiation of multi layered plantation, to serve as mitigation option for operation phase • Honking restrictions near sensitive areas • PPEs to workers • Noise monitoring as per EMoP. 5. Land and Soil  Land use • For construction non-agricultural Project requirement Throughout the project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD Change and Loss areas to be used as borrow and borrow areas design construction C of productive/top areas. and cost soil • If using agricultural land, top soil constructi to be preserved and laid over on Stage either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.  Slope protection • Bio-turfing of embankments to IRC: 56 -1974 Throughout the stretch Design Construction Design SQC/MPRD and Soil erosion protect slopes. recommended especially along hilly areas and cost consultant and C

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision due to • Slope protection by providing practice for constructi Contractor, construction frames, dry stone pitching, treatment of on stage activities, masonry retaining walls, planting embankment slopes earthwork, and of grass and trees. for erosion control cut and fill etc. • The side slopes of all cut and fill Clause No. 306 and areas will be graded and covered 305.2.2 with stone pitching, grass and MoSRTH shrub as per design Specifications for specifications. Care should be Road and Bridge taken that the slope gradient works shall not be greater than 2:1. Guidelines IX for  Soil erosion at • The earth stockpiles to be Soil erosion At earth stockpiles Design Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD earth stockpiles provided with gentle slopes to and cost C prevent soil erosion. constructi on stage  Borrow areas • Non-productive, barren lands, IRC Guidelines on Borrow sites location. During Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD upland shall be used for borrow areas and Design cost C borrowing earth with the for quarries and necessary permissions/consents. (Environmental constructi • Depths of borrow pits to be Protection Act and on Stage regulated and sides not steeper Rules, 1986; Water than 25%. Act, Air Act) • Topsoil to be stockpiled and + Clause No. protected for use at the 305.2.2 MoSRTH rehabilitation stage. Specifications for • Transportation of earth materials Road and Bridge through covered vehicles. works • IRC recommended practice for Guidelines V for borrow pits (IRC 10: 1961). Borrow Areas • Borrow areas not to be dug Management continuously. • To the extent borrow areas shall be sited away from habitated areas. Borrow areas shall be leveled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into 23

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision fishpond in consultation with fishery department and land owner/community. Rehabilitation of the borrow areas as per Guidelines for redevelopment of Borrow Areas.  Quarry • Aggregates will be sourced from Clause No. 111.3 Operations existing licensed quarries. MoSRTH • Copies of consent/ approval / Specifications for rehabilitation plan for a new Road and Bridge quarry or use of existing source works Guidelines VI will be submitted to EO, MPRDC. for Quarry Areas • The contractor will develop a Management Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy of the approval to EA.  Compaction of • Construction vehicles, Design Parking areas, Haulage roads Just Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD soil and impact on machinery, and equipment to be requirement and construction yards. before construction C quarry haul roads stationed in the designated ROW commenc cost due to movement to avoid compaction. ement of of vehicles and • Approach roads/haulage roads constructi equipments shall be designed along the on barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction. • Transportation of quarry material to the dumping site through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible to restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. • Land taken for construction camp and other temporary facility shall be restored to its original conditions.  Contamination • Construction vehicles and Design Fuelling station, construction Just Monitoring Contractor SQC/MPRD of soil due to equipment will be maintained requirement sites, and construction camps before Cost Included C leakage/spillage and disposal location. commenc in EMoP

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision of oil, bituminous and refueled in such a fashion ement of and non that oil/diesel spillage does not constructi bituminous debris contaminate the soil. on generated from • Fuel storage and refueling sites demolition and to be kept away from drainage road construction channels. • Unusable debris shall be dumped in ditches and low lying areas. • To avoid soil contamination Oil- Interceptors shall be provided at wash down and refueling areas. • Waste oil and oil soaked cotton/ cloth shall be stored in containers labeled ‘Waste Oil’ and ‘Hazardous’ sold off to MoEF/SPCB authorized vendors • Non-bituminous wastes to be dumped in borrow pits with the concurrence of landowner and covered with a layer of topsoil conserved from opening the pit. • Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by the State Pollution Control Board • Soil quality monitoring 6. Water Resources Sourcing of water • Requisite permission shall be - Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD during Construction obtained for abstraction of Constructi construction C groundwater from Central on stage cost Groundwater Authority • Arrangements shall be made by contractor that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.  Disposal of water • Provisions shall be made to Clause No. 1010 EP Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD during connect road side drains with Act 1986 MoSRTH Constructi construction C 25

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision Construction exiting nearby ponds otherwise Specifications for on stage cost make provision of water Road and Bridge harvesting pits intermittently. works  Alteration in • Existing drainage system to be Design requirement, Near all drainage channels, river During Included in Contractor SQC surface water maintained and further Clause No 501.8.6. crossings etc. Constructi construction hydrology due to enhanced. MoSRTH on stage cost embankment • Provision shall be made for Specifications for adequate size and number of Road and Bridge cross drainage structures esp. in the areas where land is sloping towards road alignment. • Road level shall be raised above HFL level wherever road level is lesser than HFL.  Siltation in water • Embankment slopes to be Design requirement Near Kharra, Gunjari, Chandni During Included in Contractor SQC bodies due to modified suitably to restrict the , and Tendoni rivers and other Constructi construction construction soil debris entering water bodies. Clause No 501.8.6. water bodies, embankment on stage cost activities/ • Provision of Silt fencing shall be MoSRTH slopes. earthwork made at water bodies. Specifications for • Silt/sediment should be collected Road and Bridge and stockpiled for possible reuse works as surfacing of slopes where (CP and CP) they have to be re-vegetated. and worldwide best • Earthworks and stone works to practices be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.  Deterioration in • No vehicles or equipment should The Water Kharra, Gunjari, Chandni and During Construction Contractor SQC Surface water be parked or refuelled near (Prevention and Tendoni rivers and other Water Constructi cost quality due to water-bodies, so as to avoid Control of Pollution) bodies, refueling stations, on Stage leakage from contamination from fuel and Act, 1974 and construction camps. Monitoring cost vehicles and lubricants. amendments as indicated in equipments and • Oil and grease traps and fuelling thereof. EMoP waste from platforms to be provided at reconstruction fuelling locations. camps. • All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. • All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. Readily available, simple to understand and preferably written in the local language emergency response procedure, including reporting, will be provided by the contractors • Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies. • Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only. • Water quality shall be monitored periodically. 7. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation loss • Minimize tree cutting to the Forest Conservation Throughout project corridor During the Indicated MPRDC SQC due to site extent possible. Act 1980 design above through preparation and • Roadside trees to be removed + and competent construction with prior approval of competent IRC SP: 21 and IRC Constructi authority activities and authority. SP:66 on stage Plantation Strategy • Compensatory plantation at 1:5 basis and additional plantation as per the IRC guidelines in consultation with Forest Department. • Regular maintenance of all trees planted. • Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting, wherever possible. • Plantation of trees on both sides of the road. Integrate vegetation 27

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision management (IVM) with the carriage way completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the road to the boundary of ROW, vegetation structured with smaller plants near the line and larger trees further away to avoid costly and provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. Additional plantation near river banks to check erosion as part of compensatory plantation. • In the event of design changes during the construction stages additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made by the EA. • Road side Plantation Strategy as per IRC specifications including manuring. • Control use of pesticides/fertilizers 8. Construction Camps  Impact associated • All camps should maintain Design Requirement All construction camps During Included in Contractor and SQC with location minimum distance from Constructi construction EO following: on stage cost # 500 m from habitation # 1000 m from forest areas where possible # 500 m from water bodies where possible # 500 m from through traffic route where possible • The average distance between two camps should be 50 km

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  worker’s Health in • The location, layout and basic The Building and All construction camps During Part of the Contractor SQC construction facility provision of each labor Other Construction constructi Contract camp camp will be submitted to SQC workers (Regulation on stage prior to their construction. The of Employment and construction shall commence Conditions of only after approval of SQC. Service) Act 1996 • The contractor will maintain and necessary living accommodation The Water and ancillary facilities in (Prevention and functional and hygienic manner Control of Pollution) as approved by the EA. Act, 1974 and • Adequate water and sanitary amendments latrines with septic tanks thereof attached to soak pits shall be provided. • Preventive medical care to be provided to workers including a First-Aid kit that must be available in the camp. • Waste disposal facilities such as dust bins must be provided in the camps and regular disposal of waste must be carried out . • The Contractor will take all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. • No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, barter to the workers of host community. • Awareness raising to immigrant workers/local community on communicable and sexually transmitted diseases. 29

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision 8. Management of Construction Waste/Dismantled Debris  Selection of • Unproductive/wastelands shall Design Requirement At all Dumping Sites Constructi Part of the Contractor. SQC Dumping Sites be selected for dumping sites. and MoSRTH on contract • Away from residential areas and guidelines water bodies • Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. • Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats has to be obtained before finalizing the location.

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Reuse and • The existing bitumen surface disposal of shall be utilized for paving of construction and cross roads, access roads, and dismantled waste paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, and haulage routes. • All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. • Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. • Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 8. Accessibility, Traffic Management, Accident and Safety Risks  Design • Temporary traffic diversion shall Throughout the project corridor During Project Contractor SQC requirement and be planned by the contractor and Design requirement especially at intersections. constructi preparation Traffic Planning approved by the ‘Engineer’. and on stage and During • The traffic control plans shall IRC SP:55 construction Construction contain details of diversions; cost Stage traffic safety arrangements during construction; safety measures for nighttime traffic 31

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision and precautions for transportation of hazardous materials. Traffic control plans shall be prepared in line with requirements of IRC’s SP 55 document’. • The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. • Restriction of construction activity to only one side of the existing road. • The contractor shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from “Engineer”. • Use of adequate signages to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures.  Pedestrians, • All measures for the safety of Design requirement Near habitation on both sides of Included in Contractor in SQC animal and traffic during construction viz. and schools, temples, hospitals, construction consultation Vehicular signs, markings, flags, lights and • IRC: SP: 27 - graveyards, construction sites, cost. with Forest movement, flagmen as proposed in the 1984 Report haulage roads, diversion sites. department Traffic Control Plan/Drawings Containing and MPRDC shall be taken. Recommendation s of IRC Regional • Temporary access and diversion, Workshops on with proper drainage facilities. Highway Safety • Access to the schools, temples • IRC:SP: 32 -1988 and other public places must be Road Safety for maintained when construction Children (5-12

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision takes place near them. Years Old) • Fencing wherever cattle • IRC:SP: 44 -1994 movement is expected. To avoid Highway Safety the need for cattle underpasses, Code • IRC: SP: 55 - some of the proposed culverts 2001 Guidelines `near habitations may be for Safety in widened to facilitate cattle Construction movement. Zones  Safety of Workers • Contractors to adopt and • The Building and Construction sites Constructi Included in Obligation of SQC and accident risk maintain safe working practices. other on period construction Contractor from construction • Usage of fluorescent and Construction cost activities workers Act 1996 retroflectory signage, in local and Cess Act of language at the construction 1996 sites • Factories Act • Training to workers on safety 1948 procedures and precautions. • Mandatory appointment of safety officer. • All regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress shall be complied with. • Provision of PPEs to workers. • Provision of a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials. • The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work • Use of hazardous material should be minimized and/or restricted. • Emergency plan (to be approved by engineer) shall be prepared to respond to any accidents or 33

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision emergencies. • Accident Prevention Officer must be appointed by the contractor.  Accident risk to • Restrict access to construction • local community sites to authorized personnels • Physical separation must be provided for movement of vehicular and human traffic. • Adequate signages must be provided for safe traffic movement 9. Common Property Resources and other Utilities  Utilities • All telephone and electrical Project requirement Throughout the corridor Before Included in Contractor/SQ SQC poles/wires and underground Constructi construction / C cables should be shifted before on R and R cost. start of construction 10. Enhancement Measures  Environmental • Maintenance of tree Environmental Throughout the corridor Design Construction Contractor SQC enhancement plantations. Enhancement as and cost along the corridor • Enhancement/rehabilitation of part of project Constructi borrow areas and camp sites requirement on Stage etc. 11. Contractor Demobilization

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Clean-up • Contractor will prepare site Project requirement Throughout the Corridor and Immediate ---- Contractor SQC Operations, restoration plans, which will be borrow areas ly after Restoration and approved by the ‘Engineer’. Constructi Rehabilitation The clean-up and restoration on operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. • All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the satisfaction of the Environmental officer. All the opened borrow areas will be rehabilitated .and ‘Engineer’ will certify in this regard. B. Operation Stage 1. Climate and Air quality  Air pollution due • Roadside tree plantations shall Environmental Throughout the Corridor Througho Indicated In SQC/contractor to due to be maintained. Protection Act, ut EMoP vehicular • Regular maintenance of the road 1986; The Air operation movement will be done to ensure good (Prevention and period surface condition Control of Pollution) • Vehicular air pollution will be Act, 1981 managed and monitored at the toll plazas. • Ambient air quality monitoring. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken. • Technological and behavioral changes • Road signs shall be provided reminding the motorist to 35

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision properly maintain their vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and protect the environment. 2. Noise Environment  Noise due to • Effective traffic management Noise Pollution Noise sensitive areas as per Througho Included in SQC movement of and good riding conditions shall (Regulation and Table 5.1 ut additional traffic be maintained to reduce the Control) Rules, operation plantation cost. noise level throughout the 2000 and period stretch and speed limitation and amendments honking restrictions may be thereof enforced near sensitive locations. • The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if need be, solid noise barrier shall be placed. • Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road.

3. Land and Soil  Soil erosion at • Periodic checking to be carried Project requirement At bridge locations and Througho Included in SQC embankment to assess the effectiveness of embankment slopes and other ut Operation/ during heavy rain the stabilization measures viz. probable soil erosion areas. operation Maintenance fall. turfing, stone pitching, river period cost training structures etc. • Necessary measures to be followed wherever there are failures 4. Water Resources

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Contamination of • Monitoring of surface water Near Kharra, Gunjari, Chandni surface water bodies and Tendoni rivers and other Indicated in quality due to Water bodies EMoP leakage of oil  Siltation • Regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockage of drains/culverts. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures for its effective maintenance.  Water logging • Regular checks shall be done Throughout the corridor due to blockage along the alignment to ensure of streams that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams. • Monitoring of water borne diseases due to stagnant water bodies  Protection of • Immediate removal of deposited Project requirement Identified Flood prone areas During Operation and SQC Embankment in silt from drainage channels and whole Maintenance Flood prone out-let points. Rejuvenation of operation Cost Areas the drainage system by removing stage encroachments/ congestions. This shall be done in close coordination with concerned department. • Long term strategy to be worked out with water resources, agriculture, soil and other department. 5. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and Forest Conservation Throughout project section During Indicated in SQC grasses to be properly Act 1980 whole Monitoring cost maintained. operation in EMoP • The tree survivalist audit to be period conducted at least once in a 37

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision year to assess the effectiveness • Maintenance of box culverts, wherever provided. 6. Flooding/ inundation  Road inundation • MPRDC will ensure that all Project operation Throughout the stretch During Overall SQC due to choking of drains (side drains and all cross requirement particularly near low lying areas whole Operation cost drainage drainages) are periodically and crossings. operation channels cleared especially before period monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding. 7. Right-of-Way Maintenance  Accident Risk due • Efforts shall be made to make Project requirement Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC to uncontrolled shoulder completely clear of whole operation/ growth of vegetation. operation Maintenance vegetation • Regular maintenance of period. cost plantation along the roadside • Invasive plant not to be planted near the road. 8. Accidents and Safety  Accident risks • Traffic control measures, IRC:SP:55 Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC associated with including speed limits, will be whole operation/ traffic movement. enforced strictly. operation Maintenance • Further encroachment and period. cost squatting within the ROW will be prevented. • No school or hospital will be allowed to be established within 100 m of the highway without permission from the planning authorities. • Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained • Highway patrol unit(s) for round

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision the clock patrolling. Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims, if possible. • Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles, if possible. • Coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate, if possible.  Transport of • Preparation of spill prevention Throughout the project stretch Included in SQC Dangerous and control and emergency operation/ Goods preparedness and responsive Maintenance plans based on an analysis of cost. hazards, implementation of presentation and control measures. • Emergency plan for vehicles carrying hazardous material 9. Monitoring Operation Performance  Monitoring • The MPRDC will monitor the Throughout the corridor Included in SQC Operation operational performance of the EMoP Performance various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project • The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas, Air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality, drainage pattern, etc. EA: Executing Agency, MPRDC: Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, SQC: Supervision Quality Controller, EO: Environmental Officer, IRC: Indian Road Congress

APPENDIX 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s High volume sampler Hot mix plants, stone crushers to be located 50 m 24 hr Contractor and construction/ earthwork Construction from the plant in the continuous, 6x5000x3x3 through approved sites and as suggested by NAAQS SQC stage downwind direction. 3/year for 3 =Rs. 2,70,000 monitoring SQC Use method specified years agency SPM, (Total 6 Locations) by CPCB for analysis Air RSPM, SO2, High volume sampler Quality NOX, CO, to be located 50 m Major Road Intersections and 24 hr SQC through HC from the selected 6X5000x3X1 Operation Residential area continuous, approved locations in the NAAQS =Rs 90,000 SQC stage (6 Locations) 3/year for 1 monitoring downwind direction. year agency Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Groundwater at Construction Camps/site and Surface water Ground at and downstream of Kharra Contractor Construction water: (IS: 3/year for 3 6x 4000x3X3 through approved and Tendoni river and any CPCB SQC stage 10500:1991) years =Rs 216, 000 monitoring and Grab sample collected large pond located close to the agency Surface from source and alignment being used by local water for analyze as per community. Water Class D and Quality Class E as Standard Methods for Groundwater at 2 locations and Prescribed Examination of Water Surface water sample of by CPCB and Wastewater Kharra, Tendoni river EO through Operation 3/year for 1 6X3x4000 approved and for (downstream of bridge CPCB SQC stage vector borne year =Rs 72, 000 monitoring Location) and stagnant water agency diseases bodies developed due to borrow areas Once during Guidelines Siltation Visual Checks for presence of All rivers/streams/drainage rainy seasons Routine work from water in Water Construction construction debris/waste and channels and major water of the of Engineering Contractor SQC resources Bodies bodies along the stretch construction Team blockade of drainage channels department period. 41

Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Guidelines EO, with support Once during Routine work from water of Water Operation operation of of Engineering SQC st resources Resource 1 year Team department Department Construction sites, major road Free field at 1 m from intersections and 1 each at 24 hr 10x1500x3x3 Construction the equipment whose residential, commercial and continuous, =Rs. 1,35,000 SQC SQC stage noise levels are being sensitive locations along the 3*/year for 3 Equivalent determined. alignment. years Noise levels Noise (10 Locations) on dB (A) MoEF levels Equivalent Noise scale for day levels using an Near residential, commercial and night Operation integrated noise level and silence zone. 3 / year for 1 6x3000x3X1 SQC SQC stage meter kept at a (6 Locations) year =Rs 54, 000 distance of 15 m from edge of Pavement NPK (ICAR standard ) Once during CPCB and Construction and heavy agricultural land and HMP whole NPK as per 12,000 SQC SQC Stage metals for sites construction ICAR Soil dredging stage standard Quality sites At oil spillage locations and Once for the Operation Oil and As specified by the other probable soil first year of CPCB 12,000 SQC SQC stage grease site engineer contamination location operation MPRDC/SQC Part of routine Construction Visual action of After first rain Contractor MPRDC Stage Visual check Throughout the project Checks engineering Soil for Soil corridor especially at Kharra, team Erosion erosion and Tendoni River banks, bridge Part of routine Once during Operation siltation locations structures Visual action of operation of Engineering Team of MPRDC Stage st Checks engineering 1 year team Throughout the Project Part of routine Drainage Once in a Construction Corridor especially at probable None action of Contractor’s Congesti Visual Checks year before SQC stage drainage congestion areas as Specific engineering Engineering Team on rainy season described in IEE team

Env. Project Frequency Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage and Duration cost (Rs) s Once in a Part of routine Operation year before None action of MPRDC Engineering Team Stage rainy season Specific engineering for 3 yrs team IRC guidelines Identification of and Best Contractor with Construction Visual Once in a borrow areas as per Borrow areas to be operated Practices approval from SQC Stage Checks month IEE for Borrow MPRDC Borrow Part of the area Areas Contract operation Borrow Operation Visual Rehabilitation as Quarterly for 1 Area Closed Borrow Areas MPRDC Stage Checks recommended in IEE year rehabilitatio n Plan Storage Area, Construct Construction IRC Quarterly ion Sites for guidelines Part of the Contractor with Construction Rapid audit as per during Sites and Hygiene, Construction Sites and Camp and to the regular approval from SQC stage reporting format construction Labour drainage satisfaction monitoring E.O., MPRDC period Camp Medical of SQC Facilities Etc. During site Surveillance monitoring of trees Construction Throughout the Project clearance in felling SQC/Local Forest Departments Stage Section construction As phase Included in Tree suggested overall The Engineer will be responsible Plantatio by Forest plantation Cost for monitoring upto the Defect n Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout the Project Once in a Dept. Liability Period in any particular stage plantation Section year for years stretch. After this period the SQC will be responsible for monitoring Monitoring Costs: INR 0.86 Million MPRDC – Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited, EO: Environmental Officer, SQC-Supervision Quality Controller; IS - India standard; NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Plumbum, (lead); RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, HC- Hydrocarbon, CO- Carbon monoxide