In Lower Silesia

STATE OF ENVIRONMENT IN LOWER SILESIA

Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Wroc³aw Wroc³aw 2002 1

The central unit of government administration, created State for the purposes of controlling the implementation of the regulations for environment protection and analysis of the envi- Environment ronmental quality, is the office of the Head Inspector of Environmental Protection (Legal Journal 91.77.335). Monitoring The Head Inspector manages the activity of the Inspection for Environment Protection whose role is, among others, to organize and coordinate the State Environment Monitoring (SEM). SEM is a system of measurement, assessment, and prognosis related to the condition of the environment, as well as gathering, transforming, and spreading information concerning the environment. The basis for the SEM’s activity is the Environment Protection Regulation Act, issued on 27th April 2001 (Legal Journal 01.62.627).

STATE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

environment condition emission measurement and collection of information concerning collection of data the condition of particular environment units concerning emission air monitoring air surface water monitoring underground water monitoring waters soil monitoring waste noise monitoring ionizing radiation monitoring forest monitoring nature monitoring integrated nature environment monitoring

assessment and prognosis

information

government and local administration society international organizations 2 Environmental Monitoring in the Province of Lower Silesia

ENVIRONMENT QUALITY MONITORING

International Monitoring System Domestic Monitoring System

environment quality monitoring regional network of air quality monitoring at the national level 'Black Triangle': 10 measure-control points air monitoring, the basic network: 9 measure -control points, the general controlling network: 48 measure-control points surface water monitoring: 53 measure-control points underground water monitoring: borderline monitoring system: 28 measure-control points 10 measure-control points soil monitoring: 19 measure-control points sediment monitoring: 25 measure-control points monitoring of the chemical composition of precipitation: 4 measure-control points

European system of inland waters' monitoring environment quality monitoring - EUROWATERNET: 17 measure-control points in the Province of Lower Silesia air monitoring surface water monitoring underground water monitoring soil monitoring european system of air quality monitoring waste monitoring - EUROAIRNET: 6 measure-control points noise monitoring monitoring of the chemical composition of precipitation

varies depending on the actual need

the number of measure-control points

local environment quality monitoring (i.e. around industrial sites) 3 Air Air pollution Air quality measurement: Air is polluted when it contains substances (gasses, liquids, solids) other than its natural components, as well as natural components in excessive amounts. Air polluting substances are harmful to people, plants, and animals; they cause diseases, especially respiratory system disorders. The emission of pollutants into the air also has negative influence on the condition of soil and surface water purity, and cause acid rain, smog and climatic changes.

automatic

The basic sources of air pollution

§ power generation industry and industrial – the main source

of gas emission: sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), particulate matter, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon oxide (CO); § industrial technologies – the main source of emission of hy-

manual drocarbons, sulfur compounds (for example SO2), and particulate matter (including heavy metal dust); § road transport – significant source of emission of carbon oxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide; § agriculture – dispersed emission of significant amounts

of ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), particulate matter.

passive 4

Emission of pollutants into the air

Gas emission (excluding CO2) from industrial in the Province of Lower Silesia plants in the Province of Lower Silesia in 2001 8% The Province of Lower Silesia is: 5% § 5th in the country in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide, 5% nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide. § 2nd in the country in terms of the emission of dust pollutants. 7%

The biggest amounts of substances polluting the air come from 13% the power and fuel industry, the metallurgy industry, and the chemical industrial. 62%

districts: In 2001, the industry sites in the Province of Lower Silesia pro- Zgorzelec the city of Wa³brzych duced 12.4% of the country’s total emission of particulate the city of Wroc³aw Wroc³aw G³ogów others matter and 7.6% of the country’s total gas pollution. In the whole Province of Lower Silesia, the Zgorzelec poviat, Particulate matter emission from industrial where the ‘Turów’ Power Plant is located, has one of the highest plants in the Province of Lower Silesia in 2001 levels of gas and particulate matter emission. ‘Turów’ is the se- 17% cond biggest source of pollutant emission in Poland.

2% According to government statistics, in 2001 the total emission 3% of pollutants from industrial plants in the region of the Province 4% of Lower Silesia was approximately: § particulate matter – 20.6 thousand t, 6% § sulfur dioxide – 72.6 thousand t, § nitrogen oxides – 24.5 thousand t, 8% § 48% carbon oxide – 11.9 thousand t, 12% § hydrocarbons – 0.9 thousand t, districts: § carbon dioxide – 14955.3 thousand t. Zgorzelec the city of Wa³brzych the city of Wroc³aw Polkowice Lubin Œwidnica Dzier¿oniów others 5

Changes in the emission of pollutants Changes in the emission of particulate matter into the air and gases in the Province of Lower Silesia 400 According to government statistics, in the years 1990-2001 dust emission gas emission without CO2 350 the emission of pollutants into the air decreased: § dust pollutants – 87% less, 300 § sulfur dioxide – 75% less, 250 § nitrogen oxides – 22% less. 200

150 The biggest industrial plants reduced their emissions, espe-

thousands t/year 100 cially the emission of sulfur dioxide and the particulate 50 matter produced in the process of power fuel combustion. 0 This has influenced the improvement of the air quality in the Province of Lower Silesia.

1991 2001

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1996

1997

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1998

1999

1995

Changes in the emission of SO2 and particulate matter – the power plant ‘Turów’ S.A. What is worth attention is the reduction in the emission 250 SO2 emission dust emission of pollutants produced in the technological processing of: 200 metals and their compounds (in the metallurgy industry), 150 aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives (produced, for example, in paint and solvent manufacturing), 100 chlorine derivative hydrocarbons (for example solvents 50 or freons used in cooling systems), and odorizing substan- thousands t/year 0 ces,such as toxic compounds of sulfur and fluorine (in the production process of synthetic fibres and phosphorus fertilizers).

2001

1991

1994

2000 1990

1996

1987

1993

1998 1988

1985

Changes in the emission of lead and copper from the copper industry plant KGHM Pro-ecological investments concerned mainly the moderniza- ‘Polska Miedź’ S.A. tion of technological processes, changes in the area of pro- 400 lead emission copper emission duction profiles of industrial plants boiler house moderni- 350 300 zation, and the exchange of coal boilers for gas or oil ones. 250 Reduction of emission resulted also from the fact that some 200 industrial plants lowered their production or ceased to exist.

t/year 150 100 50 0

2001

1992

1994

2000

1990

1996

1998

1985 6

Basic problems in the field of air protection in cities

At present the basic air pollution problems that still need to be addressed are: § dust-gas pollutant emission from the municipal sector (so called ‘low’ emission: local coal or coke boilers service companies, individual flat heating). Such boilers usually have low chimneys (up to 40 m) rendering them they are the most troublesome to the directly surrounding area, and what is more, the heating as such is not very effective. Their negative influence on the air quality is clearly visible, especially during the heating period in compact municipal areas where, especially in unfavourable weather conditions, the pollutants gather in the ground level of the atmosphere. § pollutant emission from road transport is the main reason for the high level of pollutant concentration (nitrogen oxides, carbon oxide, hydrocarbons), especially in the vicinity of main roads and larger crossroads.

In large municipal industrial centres, the percentage of transport pollutants is comparable to the percentage of pollutants coming into the air out of industrial and power emitters. It is estimated that the amount of about 45% of nitrogen oxides comes from motor transport emission. Although there has been a significant change in the structure of road transport and the usage of catalytic converters is incre- asingly widespread, in the areas of cities where the main roads are situated the pollutant concentration is constantly higher. This results from problems in city traffic organization, a lack of ring roads, poor quality of roads, and slowness in mo- dernization of municipal transport. 7

Air quality in the Province of Lower Silesia

Air quality improvement in the years 1990-1998 included: § a significant decrease in the sulfur dioxide concentration and dust pollutants, § a decrease in the amounts of nitrogen oxides to a significantly lower level than those of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, § a decrease in the concentration of pollutants coming from technological processes: heavy metals, phenol, fluorine, § a decrease in the amounts of pollutants introduced to Poland from abroad (the Czech Republic and Germany) – this is most evident in the case of sulfur dioxide (80% reduction in comparison to 1990)

Changes in the average annual concentration of the most important pollutants in the years of 1991-2001

sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide particulate matter

Bogatynia, Chopina St. Wroc³aw, Olszewskiego St. Wroc³aw, Wierzbowa St. 100 129 132 80 125

80 83 3 100 3 60 67 60 g/m ] 75

m 75

[ g/m ] 40

2 2 40 50 61 60 58 35

33 33 NO [ g/m ] SO 28 41 40 26 30 20 21 23 21 21 22 36 37 20 23 19 19 19 20 PM10 [ 25 0 0 0

2001

1991 1991

2001

1991

1992 1992

1994 1994

2000 2000

1996 1996

1997 1997

1993 1993

1998 1998 1999 1999

1995 1995

1992

1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999

1995

Szczawno Zdrój, Ratuszowa St. Wa³brzych, Broniewskiego St. ()the area of spa protection Paw³owice Ma³e 100 80 125

3 80 3 100 3 60 60 75 82 78 79 77

m m 40 64

2 47 37 40 34 32 32 50 35 35 28 30 45

NO [ g/m ] 26 SO [ g/m ] 29 20 38

24 19 19 19 PM10 [ g/m ] 31 20 23 19 15 25 30 28 14 23 9 8 0 7 0 0

2001

1991 1991 2001

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

1992 1992

1994 1994

2000

1996 1996

1997 1997

1993 1993

1998 1999 1999

1998

1995 1995 8

Average annual concentration of pollutants in 2001 In the years of 1999-2001 in the Province of Lower Silesia, on the basis of data supplied by stationary measure-control point § the observed decreasing tendency in the amount of annual concentration of gas and dust pollutants has slowed down, sulfur dioxide § growing share of road transport of total pollution emission into the air; traffic is the main cause of the high level of pollutant concentration, visible especially in the vicinity of main streets and crossroads,

§ decrease in the amount of pollutants in precipitation, although it is still observed as high,

§ the highest amounts of pollution was observed in precipitation carried by the air coming from

3 the west and south-west, the lowest from the south mg/m 40 >20mg/m3 30 16-20mg/m3 and east, 20 10-15mg/m3 10 <10mg/m3 0 § although the air quality improved, in some regions a high concentration of pollutants is still observed, nitrogen dioxide mainly nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, ozone, and some specific substances as phenol, fluoride, and benzo(a)pyrene,

§ the highest concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sus- pended particulate matter, and carbon dioxide were observed in the area of influence range of ‘Turów’ power plant and in those areas where respective flat heating and local coal or coke boilers are the main source of pollutant emission,

§ the highest concentration of nitrogen dioxide and carbon oxide was observed in cities in the vicinity mg/m3 50 40 >30mg/m3 of the main roads, the concentration was signi- 30 21-30mg/m3 20 10-20mg/m3 ficantly lower away from cities, in the countryside, 10 <10mg/m3 0 and at testing stations in the mountains, 9

Distribution of average annual concentration of po- § a dramatically higher level of air pollution, mainly llutants in the Province of Lower Silesia, on the basis of sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, benzo(a)py- of data supplied by passive measurement rene, and pitch substances, is observed during the heating period; the average data for the whole sulfur dioxide Province of Lower Silesia, concerning the concen-

12 10 8 6 tration of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide for the heating period was three times higher, and the

10 concentration of benzo(a)pyrene even eight times 8 8

6 8 higher than during the rest of the year when heat-

12 4 8 10 ing facilities are not used because of warmer 8

9 6

6 6 weather, 10 12 12 6 6 8 10 8 mg/m3 8 § 6 the biggest seasonal differences are observed in ci- 24 12 23 10 22 ties, especially in the areas influenced by so called 4 21 8 20 19 ‘low’ emission from the household sector. The 6 18 16 17 16 14 15 smallest seasonal differences are observed in those 12 10 14 8 13 6 12 areas where the heating for households is provided 11 10 9 by central municipal heating networks, and away 8 4 7 6 from cities – the areas located in a distance from 5 4 3 measure-control points 2 fuel combustion points,

§ the high level of emission caused by road trans- nitrogen dioxide port does not change seasonally and so it has minimal influence on the concentration of nitrogen 14 12 14 dioxide, carbon oxide, or benzene in cities, depen- 20

18 14 ding on the actual season of the year, 16

14 14 20 12 18 § in case of ozone concentration, the seasonal rela- 18 22 16 24 12 16 tion during the year is the reverse. The highest 10 22 16 20 18 14 9 14 20 12 11 ozone concentration in the lower layer of the atmos- 12 18 11 14 16 3 10 m 12 14 g/m phere is observed in the wormer period of the year, 30 8 14 18 28

24 namely from April to September. The ozone con- 16

18 16 26 14 24 14 centration also changes periodically during day and 22 22 26 20 night; it is higher when solar radiation is more 20 18 18 16 intense. 14 14 12 12 11 10 10 8 6 measure-control points 4 10 Surface waters Water management and waste-water disposal in the Province of Lower Silesia

The actual state of surface water purity is to a large extent Water consumption for the needs of muni- a result of the processes of change taking place in the water cipal and state economy plants management and waste-water disposal in the region. [hm3 ] That is why, to estimate correctly the water quality in rivers, 800 718 it is necessary to consider changes in water management 611.9 in recent years. 600 463.7 434.8 In comparison to the 80’s, there has been an evident decrease 400 of water consumption in all economic sectors. The main reasons for this are: savings on water consumption 200 made necessary by financial consideration (municipal sector) and economic recession, reduction of industrial production, 0 closing of industrial plants, introduction of closed cycles 1980 1991 1995 2001 of water, changes in production technology into less water consuming systems (industrial sector). All the above men- tioned reasons caused also visible decrease in the amount of waste-water discharged into surface waters. Total amount of municipal sewage and industrial waste-water for treatment In the years 1980-2001, the amount of municipal sewage 3 [in millions m ] and industrial waste-water (without treatment) discharged into 500 surface waters decreased from 403.1 m m3 a year to 187.3 m

403.1

402.0 3 400 m a year, which is a difference of about 54%.

358.3

300

266.3

260.2

248.2

225.8

193.2

187.7 200 187.3

100

0 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

former former former former Jelenia Góra Legnica Wa³brzych Wroc³aw province province province province

the Province of Lower Silesia 11

districts: Percentage of popu- Although the water quality in the rivers of the Province Wroc³aw 25.7 lation using water of Lower Silesia has improved, a certain amount of sewage is Wo³ów 26.6 treatment plants still discharged without waste-water treatment; a significant in respective Œroda Œl. 29.7 percentage of areas, especially in the countryside, is not pro- districts vided with sewage systems and, at the same time, sewage Strzelin 34.6 treatment plants built in those areas are not used to the full Trzebnica 36.6 range of their capability. Góra 38.8 Percentage of the inhabitants of the Province of Lower Silesia Milicz 41.5 served by sewage treatment plants: Jelenia Góra 46.8 0.5% Lwówek Œl. 46.9 31.0% Z¹bkowice 53.2 mechanical treatment plants Wa³brzych 54.4 biological treatment plants K³odzko 55.8 treatment plants Legnica 56.6 with higher biogene elimination

Oleœnica 57.7 no treatment plants 21.9% 46.7% Z³otoryja 60.0

Œwidnica 61.3 The observed decrease in the investigated pollutant concen- Lubañ 63.3 tration parameters is, among others, a result of the moderni- Boles³awiec 65.9 zation of existing facilities for water management and also O³awa 66.9 of the founding of new ones which, to a significant degree, Jawor 67.2 reduced the amount of untreated waste-water, and limited their degree of pollution. Kamienna Góra 69.9 200 Polkowice 72.3 21 31 44 Zgorzelec 73.8 18 150 9 Dzier¿oniów 80.4 4 the city of Wroc³aw 84.7 100 159 165 157 129 145 G³ogów 85.9 88 99 50 66 56 56 62 the city of Jelenia Góra 92.0 13 14 14 16 14 13 9 8 8 4 3 Lubin 94.5 0

the number of water treatment plants

2001

1991

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2000

1996

1997

1993

1998

1999 the city of Legnica 99.6 1995

the city of Wa³brzych 99.7 mechanical biological with higher biogene elimination 12

Percentage of pollution discharged into In recent years the amount and character of the pollution dis- surface waters from respective districts posed into the surface waters has changed. of the Province of Lower Silesia Before that, the dominant pollutants came into the environment from point sources (municipal sewage as well as indus- organic pollutants trial waste-waters), for example sewage treatment plants other 40.7% and industry plants. Nowadays, because of the number and standard of new sewage city of Wroc³aw treatment plants, pollution is coming mainly from other sources. 25.1% Their kind is determined by the untreated sewage from the areas still without any sewage systems as well as pollutants flushed by precipitation from urbanized areas, mead- ows, pastures and fields. These pollutants are mainly the com- Lubin ponents of mineral and organic fertilizers, pesticides and crop 10.5% protection substances, eluates, and sediments.

G³ogów Œwiebodzice The amounts of pollutants disposed by respective districts 4.1% 8.5% in the whole Province of Lower Silesia depend not only on city of city of Legnica Jelenia Góra the amount of disposed sewage but also on the degree of pol- 5.3% 5.8% lutant concentration in the sewage. As a result of the reduction of water consumption and wide-spread introduction of closed water cycle systems in industrials plants, higher pollutant concentration is observed in decreasing amounts chlorides and sulfates of waste-water. Comparing the data concerning the concentration of pollutants discharged by respective poviats, it is noticeable that 80- G³ogów 78.3% 90% (depending on the parameters) of pollution concentration is produced in the area of several of the most industrial- ized cities and districts of the Province of Lower Silesia.

Brzeg Dolny 6.3%

city of Wroc³aw 3% Bogatynia other Zgorzelec 2% 7.6% 2% 13

Surface waters’ state of purity General trends observed in the research on the condition of river purity in the years in Lower Silesia of 1992-2001 The monitoring of rivers and water dam reservoirs have been BOD52 [mg O /l] 12.0 carried out systematically by the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection (PIEP), and their results show that 10.0 the purity of these waters is still improving: 2nd class 8.0 § water quality improvement is connected with the fact that

6.0 untreated sewage disposal into rivers has been eliminated in all cities in the Province of Lower Silesia, 4.0 § the operation of more and more effective sewage treatment 2.0 plants has causes a slow but systematic decreas in water pollution from biogenic compounds, 0.0 § what turns out to be a particular problem is the protection

2001

1992

1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999 1995 of reservoirs which constitute the source of drinking water

Nitrate nitrogen [mg NNO2 /l] supply for local community (the Nysa Kłodzka river, 0.12 the Oława river, the Bystrzyca river, the Strzegomka river 0.10 in its upper water-course, the Nysa Szlona river, the Bóbr

0.08 river). In case of most of them, pollution directly influences 3rd class their water quality, 0.06 § although major rivers, as the Odra, the Nysa Kłodzka, 0.04 the Bóbr, and the Bystrzyca, are closer and closer to a satisfactory state of purity, there are still some smaller rivers, such 0.02 as the Strzegomka, the Piława, the Ślęza, and the Zimnica, 0.00 which are still too contaminated with high pollutant concen-

2001

1992

1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999 1995 tration, § Total phosphorus [mg P/l] the results in water dam reservoir research indicate an im- 0.80 provement of the water quality in the majority of them. 0.70 Although there are some seasonal differences in the pollu- 0.60 tant concentration, a decrease of the amount of organic 0.50 and biogene contamination is clearly visible. The sanitary 3rd class 0.40 condition of reservoirs is also satisfactory. § 0.30 in the last ten years the contamination of rivers with heavy 0.20 metals and phenol compounds has been eliminated, § 0.10 the results of systematically carried out research show that 0.00 specific pollutants (such as PAH, pesticides, and PCB) exist in rivers and reservoirs of Lower Silesia only in minimal

2001

1992

1994

2000

1996

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1998 1999 1995 amounts. 14

The Odra – the longest river in Lower Silesia

Ninety per cent of the sewage produced in Lower Silesia comes into the Odra river directly or via its tributaries. Barycz Odra As a result of a decrease in amount of sewage, and the treatment of waste-waters, in the past ten years the river’s contami- G³ogów nation with organic and biogene compound pollutants has been significantly reduced. Still, high salinity is observed periodically. The causes of this phenomenon are to be found outside of the region of the Province Zb. ¯elazny Most of Lower Silesia. This group of pollutants is ‘imported’ from BOD [mg O /l] 16.0 5 2 the area of the Czech Republic and Higher Silesia. BOD5 [mg O2 /l] 12.0 16.0 2nd class 8.0 12.0 2nd class 4.0 Rudna 8.0 0.0 Lubin 4.0 0.0

2001

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2000

1996

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1998 1999 1995 Œcinawa Jezierzyca

2001

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2000

1996

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1998 1999 Nitrate nitrogen [mg NNO /l] 1995 0.20 2 Zimnica Nitrate nitrogen [mg NNO /l] Wo³ów 0.20 2 0.15 Oborniki 0.10 0.15 3rd class Œl¹skie 3rd class 0.05 0.10 0.00 Brzeg Dolny 0.05 0.00

2001

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2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999 1995 Kaczawa Odra

2001

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2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999 Total phosphorus [mg P/l] 1995 0.80 Nowy Rów Widawa Total phosphorus [mg P/l] 0.60 0.80 rd 3 class a 0.40 d 0.60 o 3rd class W Œroda 0.20 0.40 Cicha W a

k Œl¹ska

0.00 z Bystrzyca 0.20

d e

oda r 0.00 2001 Œ

1994

2000

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1997

1993

1998 1999

1995

2001

1994

2000

1996

1997

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1998 1999 O³awa 1995 Œlêza

oda Jelcz-Laskowice WROC£AW M.J. S

Cicha W m o r t a wa BOD5 [mg O2 /l] Nitrate nitrogen [mg NNO /l] Total phosphorus [mg P/l] 16.0 0.20 2 0.80 3rd class Odra 12.0 0.15 0.60 nd 2 class 3rd class 8.0 0.10 0.40 O³awa 4.0 0.05 0.20 0.0 0.00 0.00

2001

2001 2001

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2000

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1998 1999

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1994 1994

2000 2000

1996 1996

1997 1997

1993 1993

1998 1998 1999 1999

1995 1995 15

BOD [mg O /l] 16.0 5 2 The Nysa Łużycka – a river of international Nysa £u¿ycka 12.0 importance 2nd class 8.0 4.0 The Nysa Łużycka has its source in the Czech Republic, and for 0.0 a length of 197 kilometres marks the state border, between

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1998 1999 Poland and Germany. The river is subject to research in the pro- 1995 Nitrate nitrogen [mg NNO /l] ject of international monitoring resulting form international 0.30 2 0.25 agreement between the two countries. 0.20 Pieñsk rd 0.15 3 class 0.10 The purity condition of the Nysa Łużycka is under influence 0.05 of sewage disposal from the sources located in the area 0.00

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1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999 of the countries the river flows through. In recent years a process 1995 Total phosphorus [mg P/l] of systematic improvement of the river’s water quality has been 1.00 observed, especially in the sphere of organic and biogenic 0.75 3rd class pollutants. On the Polish side of the boarder this phenomenon 0.50 is related to the process of organizing the whole water suply 0.25 Zgorzelec and waste-water management into a clear structure, and also 0.00 to the fact that there are new water treatment plants put into

2001

1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999

1995 operation in the area of the Czech Republic for the biggest Czech water sources (Liberec, Hradek n. Nisou).

BOD5 [mg O2 /l] C 16.0 ze r 2nd class w o 12.0 n a

Witka W

8.0 o d

a 4.0 Zawidów 0.0

2001

1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999

1995 Nitrate nitrogen [mg N /l] Nitrate nitrogen [mg N /l] NO2 NO2 0.30 0.30 rd 0.25 0.25 3 class 0.20 0.20 rd Pbn. 0.15 3 class 0.15 0.10 0.10 Okleœna 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00

2001

1994

2000

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1997

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1998 1999

1995

2001

1994

2000

1996

1997

1993

1998 1999 1995 Bogatynia a ck Total phosphorus [mg P/l] ¿y u 1.00 £ BOD5 [mg O2 /l] Total phosphorus [mg P/l] sa 16.0 y 1.00 0.75 N rd M 12.0 0.75 3 class ied nd 0.50 zi 2 class 3rd class an k 8.0 0.50 a 0.25 4.0 0.25 0.00 0.0 0.00

2001

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1995 16 Underground waters Underground water resources

The main underground water reservoirs Underground waters are invaluable economically. Usually in the Province of Lower Silesia they have the appropriate chemical and bacteriological features to serve as the main source of water for the local population, food industry, and agriculture. Underground waters con- Góra G³ogów stitute an important element of the total water balance, as their Milicz Polkowice share in feeding rivers is estimated at the level of about 55%.

Lubin The amount of underground waters depends on the geologi- Wo³ów Trzebnica cal structure and weather conditions (temperature and pre- Boles³awiec Oleœnica cipitation). About 30% of the underground water resources Legnica Œroda Œl. Zgorzelec Z³otoryja Wroc³aw are the waters which are located deep under the ground. Lubañ Lwówek Œl. Jawor They are better insulated from the surface, and so their quality O³awa is good or very good. Jelenia Góra Œwidnica The protection of underground water considered as reserve Kamienna Strzelin Góra Wa³brzych Dzier¿oniów of good quality drinking water is of priority importance in envi-

Z¹bkowice Œl. ronment protection. In most cases, the contamination of underground waters can be irreversible or hardly reversible. K³odzko For underground water protection, in the whole country there Reservoirs: are special reservoirs (Main Underground Water Reservoirs) Quaternary appointed to be strictly protected. In Lower Silesia there Tertiary are twenty of such reservoirs selected, and their resources 3 Cretaceous are estimated at the level of about 1.5 m m /d. Paleozoic

Confirmed resources of underground waters 3 in the Province of Lower Silesia Amount (m /h)

Quaternary formations 56 799.85 Tertiary formations 19 126.07 Cretaceous formations 3 272.31 Other layers 4 428.31 Total amounts of waters 83 626.54 17

Sources of pollution

Underground water contamination depends on: § the depth of the water deposition as well as the insulation of water-bearing layers from the ground surface, § location of potential pollution sources.

The main threats to the underground water quality: § agriculture (organic and synthetic fertilizers), § sewage management (untreated sewage leak in the ground, storage in untight sediment tanks), § local focuses of contamination (for example landfills), § point focuses of contamination, functioning without proper security protection (for example petrol stations, stores of chemical substances, etc.).

In Poland, certain measures are being taken to create favour- able legal and financial as well as organizational circum- stances which would make it possible to improve the quality of underground waters. Some of those measures are: § support for construction of local, group, and individual water treatment plants, § construction and development of sewage systems, § creating new landfills with minimal influence on underground waters due to proper sealing of the base as well as inter- cepting and reflux treatment.

The improvement of the underground water condition, which can become observable in a longer period of time, depends on the reduction in the amounts of synthetic fertilisers used, improvement in the sphere of the sanitary condition in the countryside and suburban areas, and decreasing the amounts of industry pollutant emission. 18

Underground water quality

Underground water intake Research in the sphere of the underground water quality is carried out throughout the country and in the province networks. The province monitoring network in Lower Silesia includes: § ordinary underground waters, § mineral and spa waters, § underground waters in the regions of direct contamination hazard. The monitoring network assures systematic research of all waters concentrated in main reservoirs and underground water levels of usage existing in Lower Silesia.

In 2001 the underground waters in the area of the Province of Lower Silesia were: § the highest and high class of quality (Ia + Ib) – 33-34% the second half examined points, 34% 47% 19% of 2001 § medium class quality (II) – 47-51%, § low class quality (III) – 16-19%.

the first half In the years of 1991-2001 the quality of underground waters 33% 51% 16% of 2001 altered slightly. At that time, respective estimates for underground waters were: the highest and high class of quality 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% (Ia and Ib) – 8-25%, medium class quality (II) – 34.5-58%, low class quality (III) – 28-42.5%. Ia + Ib the highest and high class of quality

II medium class quality III low class quality

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year / class Percentage of examined points [%] Ia + Ib 25 24.5 19 23 14 8 20 8 10 11 17 II 35 34.5 50 49 48 56 37.5 54 58 47 43 III 40 41 31 28 38 36 42.5 38 32 42 40 19 Soil

Soil is one of the basic elements of the biosphere, and at the same time, the main factor in food production. Soil pollution is caused by its penetration with degradating substances (such substances that alter the soil’s propriety). The most widespread soil and ground pollutants are: § heavy metals: lead, copper, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and others, § salts: nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, § organic compounds: pesticides, detergents, hydrocarbons. Most of those compound cumulate in the surface layer of the soil, others are flushed deeper and penetrate underground waters. In contrast to air and water pollution, soil pollutants remain there for very long time, even for hundreds years.

Research concerning the degree of soil contamination is carried out: § in agricultural areas where there is no direct influence of pollutant sources and where acid or medium acid soil is predominant, with the average concentration of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead, zinc, arsenic, and mercury) estimated at the ordinary level. § in the areas under direct influence of pollutant sources. In Lower Silesia, the areas where higher level of heavy metal concentration in the soil is observed are: § the area around the ‘Oława’ mill in Oława, § the area around the ‘Legnica’ copper mill and ‘Głogów’ copper mill, § the area of the city of Wrocław, § the area around the ‘Łużyce’ glass-works in Pieńsk, § the area around the ‘Gromadka’ ironworks in Gromadka, Ławszowa. 20

G£OGÓW

GÓRA

POLKOWICE Cu, Cd Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr 5 MILICZ Zn, Cu Pb 4 LUBIN Cr, Cd Cu, Pb, Zn 11 Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu Cd WO£ÓW Cr, Ni BOLES£AWIEC TRZEBNICA 9 12 Zn LEGNICA Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb 3 Pb Cu OLEŒNICA Zn, Cr, Cd Z£OTORYJA Cu Pb ŒRODA 2a LUBAÑ LWÓWEK Zn, Cr ZGORZELEC ŒL¥SKA WROC£AW ŒL¥SKI Cd, Ni 2b 10 JAWOR Zn, Cu Zn Cd, Pb Pb, Cd, Cu Cr O£AWA JELENIA GÓRA 1 ŒWIDNICA Zn WA£BRZYCH Cd, Pb Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu Cr,Cu 7 Ni STRZELIN KAMIENNA 6 DZIER¯ONIÓW GÓRA Pb, Zn, Cu Cd, Ni

Levels of contamination in the areas under Z¥BKOWICE direct influence of pollutant sources ŒL¥SKIE in the Province of Lower Silesia in 2001

K£ODZKO The areas of research: 1. The area around the ‘Oława’ S.A. mill in Oława 8 Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni 2. The area of Szczytnicki Park (a) and Południowy Park (b) The degree of soil contamination (according to IUNG): in Wrocław class V 3. The area around the ‘Legnica’ copper mill class IV 4. The area around the ‘Chofum’ S.A. mechanical engineering plant class III in Chocianów class II 5. The area around the ‘Żelazny Most’ post-flotation waste dump class I 6. The area around the ‘Wałbrzych’ coking plant in Wałbrzych class 0 7. The area around the ‘Victoria’ Sp. z o.o. thermal-electric power station in Zn -zinc, Cr - chromium, Cd - cadmium, Pb -lead, Cu - copper, Ni - nickel Wałbrzych 8. Sudety Crystal Works Sp. z o.o. in Szczytna Emission exceeding admissible limitations: 9. The area around the ‘Łużyce’ Sp. z o.o. glass-works in Pieńsk benzo(a)pyrene 10. The area around the ‘Ubocz’ phosphatic fertilizer plant in Gryfów Śl. soluble fluoride 11. The area around the ‘Gromadka’ ironworks in Gromadka, Ławszowa no exceeding emission 12. The area around the ‘Wizów’ S.A. chemical plant in Łączka near Bolesławiec 21

In the Province of Lower Silesia, the results of soil research carried out in the areas where industry plants are located con- firm the fact of pollution occurrence in industrial areas.

Still, there is no complete evidence concerning the degree of soil pollution in the Province of Lower Silesia.

Average loading of some heavy metals in the soil of the areas under direct

! Zn influence of pollutant sources Pb 30%F !

Cd in the city of Wrocław in 1999 As Hg As Hg INDUSTRY COMPLEX POLAR S.A. IN KOWALE

The degree of soil contamination (according to IUNG*): class 0 - natural load 2 class I - higher load class II - low pollution class III - medium pollution class IV - heavy pollution 3 class V - very heavy pollution

! load of benzo(a)pyrene exceeding the admissible levels 1 As Hg load of As and Hg exceeding the admissible levels As Hg no load of As and Hg exceeding the admissible levels 5 % of samples in which the load of fluoride was higher ...%F than natural for clay soil (1.17 mg/kg) 4 no load of oil derivatives exceeding the admissible R levels

Cr 10%F

Pb R Zn

Pb Cd As Hg * Institute of Soil Science and Cultivation of Plants As WATER- HUTMEN S.A. MAIN ROADS BEARING AREAS 22 Noise

dB* Sample values Noise is any unwanted or harmful sound caused by human

, of noise levels activity. It is among to the most persistent problems of the envi- 140 ronment resulting from the development of civilization.

in the body

internal organs

Vibration of some

leading to serious diseases and death 130 Today, people are constantly under the influence of ambient THE ESTIMATED POINT OF PAIN noise at work and at home as well. Such constant influence of 120 noise causes serious biological results which can be harmful for health and work effectiveness.

110 Noise of under 35 decibels (dB) is not harmful, but it can

of human organism cause irritation; noise of 35-70 dB is irritating and causes 100 fatigue and work effectiveness to decrease, and interferes with

Level of noise threatening the condition relaxation. Constant noise of 70-85 dB is assumed as accept- 90 able, but it can cause hearing disorders. Noise of 85-120 dB causes numerous and serious damage to hearing organs, 80 constant excitation of the nerve system, blood pressure disor-

on work

effectiveness ders, tiredness, weariness, and irritation. Noise over 120 dB

Harmful influence

on health, negative 70 causes vibration of some internal organs in the body, which can lead to their irreversible damage or even destruction. Noise of over 150 dB causes paralysis of the whole organism 60 within just five minutes.

50 The main sources of noise influencing the acoustic circum-

Negative influence on human organism stances in cities are: 40 § road, tram, aeroplane, and railway transport, § car parks, tram and bus depots, 30 § industrial plants, craft workshops, and service stations, § public places of noisy activity: stadiums, playing fields, dis-

20 cotheques, music clubs, § noisy events: concerts, street performances, to health § construction sites. Noise not harmful 10

0 * the measure for perceived noise level is the level of acoustic pressure formulated in dB (decibels) 23

Sources of noise in the environment can be classified as fol- lows: § industrial noise § road noise § wheel noise § aeroplane noise

Transport noise is nowadays a dominant source of distur- bance in acoustic conditions in the environment. The observed increase of the number of vehicles, motor cars and motor trucks, as well as more and more intensive international transit transportation, has cause a continuous increase of disturb- ing noise in the environment.

The results of research carried out in Wrocław for a certain period of time show a growth of the level of noise of about Brief summary of the noise level and traffic 5 dB in the vicinity of the examined transit roads. This is con- intensity at Grabiszyńska Street in Wrocław in the years of 1977, 1995, and 2001 nected with an increase of traffic along these roads, and especially with the increase of the number of heavy vehicles. number of vehicles per hour [dB] * In case of some roads, despite significant increase of traffic, 3000 100 the decrease of noise level is observed. This results from traffic

2500 90 jams in rush hours, which is the reason for lower level of noise.

2000 80 The results of research carried out for a long time in Wrocław at a measure point at Grabiszyńska Street show that despite 1500 70 of a significant increase in traffic (three times), the level of noise did not change radically. 1000 60

500 50 The similar phenomenon was observed away from cites where significant increase in traffic was not accompanied by 0 40 a radical increase in the level of noise. 1977 1995 2001 rok traffic equity level intensity of noise [dB]

* the results of the research cannot be compared literally because of different measurement techniques applied during the period of 25 years 24

Brief summary of the noise level and traffic In contrast to traffic noise, which covers large areas because intensity in the village of Orłowice near of the dense network of roads and so constitutes a threat Świeradów Zdrój in the years to the majority of the population, industrial noise has a signi- of 1984, 1991, and 2001 ficantly smaller range and occur only in industrial areas. number of vehicles per hour [dB] This means only the areas occupied by industrial plants and 160 100 those situated around them.

140 90 Industrial activity carried out in industrial sites is one of the main 120 sources of acoustic disturbances to the environment. 80 100 The development of the acoustic conditions around each industrial plant depends on many factors, especially on the kind, 80 70 number, location of the noise sources inside the industrial

60 plant, the effectiveness of the acoustic protection facilities for 60 respective noise sources, and the arrangement of the area 40 where noise can be dangerous. 50 20 The noise emitted by industry plants and service stations

0 40 is characterised as exceeding to various degrees admissible 1984 1991 1994 2001 noise levels. In most of the examined units, the noise emission into the environment is not more than 10 dB higher than traffic equity level intensity of noise [dB] the admissible noise levels. However, a significant percentage of the examined units also go beyond the admissible noise Industry plants and service stations going levels at night, which is a very unfavourable phenomenon. beyond the admissible emission levels of noise in Lower Silesia (percentage of examined units)

50% 45 46.3

43.4

42.5 40

38.2

35 33.3

32.4

36.1

31.4 30 31.4

27.0

25.0

24.3

25 23.3

22.2

19.2

18.9 20 18.9 Day Night

16.7

15.1 15 14.8 1991-1992

10.7 10 1993-1996

5.3

5 3.9 0 1997-1999 0.1-5 dB 5-10 dB 10-15 dB < 15 dB 25 Waste

Municipal waste landfill Waste are processed products (substances or energy) of industrial, agricultural, transportation, or household origin, of no use at the time and place where they were produced. They can be solid or liquid. Depending on their source, waste are classified into two basic categories: § industrial waste (including dangerous substances), § municipal waste. In 2001 in the Province of Lower Silesia, 34 702.7 thousand t of waste were produced (second position in Poland). Of these: § 96.9% industrial waste (where 27.1% of the total produced in Poland), § 3.1% municipal waste (which is 9.6% of the total transported away in Poland). Waste are dangerous to the environment due to: § the risk of water and soil pollution, § The composition of municipal waste the risk of air pollution, § the risk of damage to the landscapes and other features of aesthetic value, 14% 31% § the risk of agricultural and forest areas being excluded form 4% usage because of those grounds’ transformation into waste 4% dumps.

8% Municipal waste

Municipal waste are produced in households and places of public use. This category also includes waste from streets 19% and the waste gathered in tanks. 20% In 2001 in the Province of Lower Silesia about 1,071.9 thousand t of solid municipal waste and 913 thousand m3 of liquid waste were transported away (those numbers include food wastes glass the waste from the city of Wrocław – 210 thousand t of solid minute fraction plastics and 160 thousand m3 of liquid waste). paper metals This means that statistically each inhabitant of the Province others of Lower Silesia produced in 2001 the amount of 0.36 t of municipal waste (in European countries the average is 0.36- 0.62 t). As it is estimated, in the nearest years, the amount of municipal waste will increase. 26

Selective waste collection in respective districts In the Province of Lower Silesia only minimal part of municipal

50 waste is used. paper

104 40 283 1054 Only in some districts have the source-selection of solid waste 30

t has been begun. 20 As a result of the collection of this material, about 0.5 % of the to- 10 tal removed recycling materials has been recycled: paper, glass, 0 0.0 plastics, and metals.

Milicz

others

Lubañ

O³awa

Legnica

K³odzko

Lwówek

Wroc³aw

Oleœnica

Œroda Œl.

Trzebnica Zgorzelec About 1.8 % of the waste transported to dumps has been

Wa³brzych

Z¹bkowice neutralized by composting. Over 97 % of the municipal waste

the city of

the city of is stored at 142 landfills in the area of the Province of Lower 50 glass Silesia. 40

55 30 1462

t Examples of selective waste gathering 20 in Wrocław 10

0 0.0

Lubin

Milicz

others

Lubañ

O³awa

Legnica

K³odzko

Lwówek

Wroc³aw Wroc³aw

Oleœnica

Œroda Œl.

Trzebnica

Zgorzelec

Wa³brzych

Z¹bkowice

the city of

the city of 50 plastics 40

632 30

t 20 10

0 0.0

Góra

Lubin

Milicz

others

Lubañ

O³awa

G³ogów

Legnica

K³odzko

Lwówek

Z³otoryja

Wroc³aw

Oleœnica

Œroda Œl.

Trzebnica

Zgorzelec

Wa³brzych

Jelenia

the city of

the city of 50 metals 40

450 30

t 20 10

0 0.0 0.1

Lubin

others

Lubañ

O³awa

Legnica

K³odzko

Lwówek

Wroc³aw Wroc³aw

Oleœnica

Œroda Œl.

Zgorzelec

the city of

the city of 27

Industrial waste

Industrial waste – the way of dealing The main sites of industrial waste production in the Province with them of Lower Silesia are the largest municipal-industrial agglom- erations and large industrial plants. waste classification according to regulations operating The basic sources of industrial waste are: until 1997 100% usage § coal mining (mine waste dumps and post-flotation waste 90% storage tanks), neutralization § 80% the production of mineral raw materials, § the power and mill industry. 70%

60% 57.2% The largest amounts of industrial waste were produced

73.5%

71.9%

69.9% 50% in the area of Polkowice district (80%). Further positions on the list

42.6% are occupied by: Głogów district, Zgorzelec district, Bolesła- 40% wiec district, Wałbrzych district, Lubin district, Ząbkowice district,

28.4% 30% 27.8% 26.3% and Legnica district. 20%

10% Over 77% of the total industrial waste produced is used for con-

0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% struction purposes, and in agriculture as fodder, for the arrange- 0% 1991 1993 1995 1997 ment of ground surface, and as fertilisers. Twenty-one per cent of industrial waste is neutralized, mainly waste classification according to regulations operating by storage (20.8%). The remaining 2% is temporarily stored from 1997 (Legal Journal No 162, art 1135 of 24 December 1997) for future usage or neutralized. 100% usage 90% storage neutralization 80%

70% Industrial waste produced in the years of 1991-2001

77%

76.5% 34000

60% 73.6% 33000 50% 65.0% 32000 40%

32.5% 31000 30% 24.3% 30000

20.7%

20.7% 20% thousands t 29000

10% 28000

0.6%

0.3%

0.1% 0% 0.0% 27000 1998 1999 2000 2001 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 28

‘Żelazny Most’ post-flotation waste reservoir In 2001 the largest amount of industrial waste were deposed in the dumps belonging to industrial plants in: Polkowice district, Głogów district, Złotoryja district, Bolesławiec district, and Wołów district.

The amount of stored industrial waste in the whole of the Pro- vince of Lower Silesia is 609 563.1 t. 70% of the total amount of industrial waste is deposed in ‘Że- lazny Most’ post-flotation waste reservoir.

Archive KGHM

Hazardous waste Hazardous waste – the way of dealing with them The main source of hazardous waste in the Province of Lower waste classification according to regulations operating Silesia is industrial activity: until 1997 § ferrous metallurgy and non-ferrous metallurgy, 100% usage § chemical industry, 90% storage neutralization § 80% agriculture and food industry,

93.9% § 70% engineering industry, 60% 83.3% § water treatment processes.

67%

50% 68.7% 40%

33% Waste of this kind are also produced in connection with usage

30% 30% of dangerous substances, for example chemical crop protec-

20% 16% tion products, paints, varnishes, disinfectants, mineral oils, 10% 5.6%

0.1%

0.0% 0.0% 0% 0.0% solvents, or accumulator chemicals. 1992 1994 1996 1997 In recent years, what has became a significant source of haz- waste classification according to regulations operating ardous waste is households and service stations (overdue from 1997 (Legal Journal No 162, art 1135 of 24 December 1997) medicaments, mercury discharge lamps, packages of used 100% usage chemicals, used oils, and emulsions). 90% storage neutralization 80% The amount of hazardous waste (according to PIEP data base 70% SIGOP) produced in 2001 was 0.4% (133 t) of the total pro-

56.8%

60% 55%

50% 50% 48% duced in the Province of Lower Silesia. The number of haz-

44%

40% 36% ardous waste producers registered in the data base in 2001

33.3%

32% 30% was 620.

20% 18.7%

13%

7.5% 10% 6% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 29

In the sphere of waste management, the most significant ecological problems in the Province of Lower Silesia are: § creation of illegal, so called ‘wild’ waste dumps, Illegal waste dump § lack of selective waste gathering and recycling of municipal waste in the majority of cities or villages, § small number of neutralization sites, including those that deal with hazardous waste, § storage of significant amounts of hazardous waste, including overdue pesticides in burial grounds, § ecological problems resulting from liquidation of coal mines, including the necessity of land reclamation in the post-production areas (mine waste heaps, sedimentation reservoir).

The most important task for the next years is to organize in a more orderly manner the system of waste management (municipal and industrial) in the area of the Province of Lower Silesia.

Other tasks in the field of waste management are: § social education concerning the means for reduction of waste amounts, § organizing the conditions for development of market for recycled materials in a more widespread way, § development of selective waste gathering for the materials of a high degree of purity, § collection of hazardous waste produced by the population (batteries, medicaments, fluorescent lamps). 30

17 G£OGÓW GÓRA 49 15 55 16 50 51 MILICZ 1 48 1 4 1 I POLKOWICE 1 3 2 XII 1 14 LUBIN 5 1 47 54 9 II TRZEBNICA 13 46 Leœny C 45 WO£ÓW 8 6 35 BOLES£AWIEC 59 Kompleks 7 36 58 57 Lasy 44 OLEŒNICA LEGNICA 10 Rychtalskie ŒRODA ŒL. 11 WROC£AW Z£OTORYJA A LUBAÑ LWÓWEK ŒL. ZGORZELEC 43 10 JAWOR 42 XI 37 11 4160 III 40 61 X 8 12 13 56 38 39 O£AWA 14 JELENIA GÓRA 15 52 ŒWIDNICA 33 VIII IV 34 9 53 VIII 17 IV IX 30 16 6 IV STRZELIN KAMIENNA WA£BRZYCH KARKONOSKI GÓRA 7 NATIONAL PARK 29 DZIER¯ONIÓW 4 2 32 31 B 2 VII VI 5 28 2 18 4 19 Z¥BKOWICE ŒL. 27 28

STO£OWE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK K£ODZKO

PROTECTED AREAS 25 IN THE PROVINCE OF LOWER SILESIA 3 (for 31.12.2001, according to the data V 20 of The District Nature Maintenance Office) 24 23 21 22 31

NATIONAL PARKS NATURE RESERVATIONS

KARKONOSKI NATIONAL PARK 1 Milickie Ponds 51 Skarpa of Orchids STO£OWE MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK 2 Joanna's Mound 52 Dolina Izery Peat Land 3 Olszyny Niezgodzkie 53 Prze³omy pod Ksi¹¿em LANDSCAPE PARKS 4 Radzi¹dz 54 Uroczysko Wrzosy 5 Gola 55 Buczyna Jakubowska I Dolina Baryczy Landscape Park 6 Peat Land near Grabowno 56 * Buczyna Storczykowa II Dolina Jezierzycy Landscape Park 7 Beech Forest in Skarszyn of Orchids in Bia³e Ska³y III Dolina Bystrzycy Landscape Park 8 Jod³owice 57 * Ponikowa IV Œlê¿añski Landscape Park 9 Odrzyska 58 * B³yszcz V Œnie¿nicki Landscape Park 10 Zabór 59 * £êg Korea VI Sowie Mountains Landscape Park 11 £acha Jelcz 60 * Siedmicki Valley VII Sudety Wa³brzyskie Landscape Park 12 Zwierzyniec 61 * Nad Grobl¹ VIII Ksi¹¿ Landscape Park 13 Kanigóra IX Rudawy Landscape Park 14 Grodziska Raczyñskie X Dolina Bobru Landscape Park 15 Sobótka Œlê¿a Mountain XI Che³my Landscape Park 16 Sulistrowicka Meadow XII Przemków Landscape Park 17 Radunia Mountain * nature reservations created 18 Muszkowicki Beech Forest in 2001 Landscape Park Coating 19 Ska³ki Stoleckie 20 Puszcza Œnie¿nej Bia³ki BOTANICAL AND 21 Nowa Morawa DENDROLOGICAL GARDENS 22 Œnie¿nik K³odzki 23 NiedŸwiedzia Cave A Wroc³aw Botanical Garden 24 Wilczki Falls state boarders B Wojs³awice Arboretum 25 Peat Land pod Zieleñcem province boarders C Leœne Arboretum of Prof.S.Bia³obok in Œlizów 26 Cisy district boarders WROC£AW 27 Cisowa Mountain province administration office O£AWA district and municipal 28 Bukowa Kalenica AREAS OF PROTECTED LANDSCAPE council offices 29 Choina Mountain rivers and lakes 1 Ostrzeszowskie Mounds and Odolanowska Valley 30 Daisy Lake 2 Niemczañsko-Strzeliñskie Mounds 31 G³azy Krasnolódków 3 Bystrzyckie i Orlickie Mountains 32 Kruczy Kamieñ 4 Bardzkie i Sowie Mountains 33 Krokusy w Górzyñcu 5 Zawory 34 Izerskie Peat Land 6 Trójgarb Mountain Massif 35 Pod Wêgliñcem Peat Land 7 Che³miec 36 BrzeŸnik 8 Krzy¿owa Mountain 37 Zamkowa Mountain in Wleñ 9 Karkonosze Izerskie Mountains 38 Mi³ek Mountain 10 Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka 39 Buki Sudeckie 11 Grodziec 40 Lipa Valley 12 Odra Valley 41 Myœliborski Valley 13 Czarna Woda Valley 42 Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka 15 Chocianowskie Forests 43 Wilcza Mountain 15 Dalkowskie Mounds 44 Kunickie Peat Land 16 Baryczy Valley 45 Brekinia 17 Krzywiñsko Osiecki 46 Zimna Woda 47 Borówki Peat Land Forest Promotion Complex 48 Przemyskie Ponds Rychtalskie Forests 49 Dalkowskie Jary 50 Uroczysko Obiszów 32 Public administration - its role in environmental protection

The basis of the ecological law is the act of 27th April 2001 - the Environment Protection Regulation (Legal Journal No 62, art. 627), which sets out among others the duties of public administration in the sphere of the environment and its protection. The act assures every citizen the right to receive information concerning the environment, as well as the right to take part in actions important to the environment.

ADMINISTRATION UNITS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION local autonomic public administration

MARSHALL COMMUNE ADMINISTRATION DISTRICT'S STAROST OF THE VOIVODSHIP COMMUNE OFFICER MAYOR CITY MAYOR

controlling the effectiveness creating poviat’s environment creating local environment protection program protection program of collecting and execution eliminating or reduction of dangers caused by the local population of the fees for economic granting administrative decisions (water pollution, household waste production; soil, ground, environment utilisation (permissions concerning pollutant and greenery destruction) emission into the air, water, and soil, matters concerning general use of environment by people, noise emission, waste production, granting allowances for public service and specifying the ways of land reclamation)

LOCAL AUTONOMIC APPEALING COURTS

accept and consider appeals concerning decisions granted by marshalls of voivodships, starosts, local administrative units (appeals concerning compliance with water law are considered by the voivod) government public administration

The Minister of Environment and the Head Inspector MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT for Environmental Protection function mainly in cases of appeals. acts of law and decree concerning environment protection Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection creating ‘State Ecology Policy’ (PIEP) has controlling function in the range of collective administration in the district.

HEAD INSPECTOR PROVINCIAL INSPECTOR VOIVOD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

creating province environment protection control of the ecological law compliance control of compliance with the ecological law program and administrative decisions concerning state environment monitoring the conditions for utilising the environment granting administrative decisions for sites and industry plants estimated as potentially granting decisions forcing discontinuation influencing the environment of law infringements State Environment Monitoring 33

Inspection for Environmental Protection

The Inspection for Environmental Protection operates on the basis of the act of law of 20th July 1991 concerning Inspection for Environmental Protection (Legal Journal No 77 p. 335 with later alterations). The Inspection for Environmental Protection has its tasks specified in the acts of law, especially: § in the act for Environmental Protection Regulation issued on 27th April 2001 (Legal Journal No 62 p. 627) § in the act of law concerning waste of 27th April 2001 (Legal Journal No 62 p. 628) § in the act of Water Law of 18th July 2000 (Legal Journal No 115 p. 1229) The main tasks for the Provincial Inspectorates for Environmental Protection are: § controlling of the environment protection law compliance, § research concerning the environment condition (State Environment Monitoring).

PRIME MINISTER

MINISTER OF ENVIRONMENT

Inspection for Environmental Protection

Head Inspectorate for Environmental Protection

16 Provincial Inspectorates Voivod for Environmental Protection (PIEP)

Departmentof Inspection Province Department Department of Environment Monitoring

Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture

controlling function regulatory function 34

Changes 1990-2001 Assessment Environment measures Tendency Character and extent of changes Air of changes Emission from large power plants ‘Low’ emission (local boilers, individual household heating) Emission form mobile sources in the environ- Emission from technological processes Total emission of main air sulfur dioxide ment in the last pollutants from especially nitrogen dioxide nagging plants in the district particulate matter

SO2 concentration in the air 10 years, NO2 concentration in the air Particulate matter concentration in the air Amount of alluvial pollutants according to Surface and underground water Water consumption the Provincial The amount of sewage produced Treated Industry sewage Untreated Inspectorate for Municipal sewage Chemical physics parameters The condition of rivers’ purity Biological parameters Environmental Total number of water treatment plants for municipal sewage The quality of underground waters Protection Surface of the earth Used in economic industry The amount of industry wastes Neutralized produced annually Stored The amount of municipal Solid Tendency wastes Liquid increasing Hazardous wastes produced annually decreasing Zinc no clear tendency Copper The degree of soil pollution Lead Cadmium Character of changes Nickel positive Noise negative The number of people under influence of over standard noise Nature Forestry Change Areas of specific nature valour protected by law very large Areas protected by law large medium Controlling activity small Thenumberofindustryplantsespeciallynaggingfortheenvironment 35

For more information contact the following: n Provincial Found for Environmental n Head Inspectorate for n Legal Ecology Center Protection and Water Management Environmental Protection ul. Uniwersytecka 1 in Wrocław ul. Wawelska 52/54 Wrocław ul. Krakowska 36/38 00-922 Warszawa [email protected] [email protected] www.gios.gov.pl www.cpe.eko.org.pl n Provincial Administration Office n Institute of Environment Protection n Lower Silesian Foundation Department of Environment ul. Krucza 5/11 of Ecological Development and Agriculture Warszawa ul. Białoskórnicza 26 pl. Powstańców Warszawy 1 www.ios.edu.pl Wrocław Wrocław n National Found for Environmental www.eko.org.pl www.uwoj.wroc.pl [email protected] n Protection and Water Managment Municipal Administration Office ul. Konstruktorska 3a n Odra 2006 Program Department of Environment 02-673 Warszawa www.odra.org.pl and Agriculture [email protected] n ul. Michalczyka 23 European Movement for Village www.nfosigw.gov.pl Wrocław and Small City Development - Polish n n Head Sanitary Inspectorate Section Regional Management for Water ul. Dawida 1 Economic Administration ul. Długa 38/40 00-238 Warszawa Wrocław ul. C.K. Norwida 34 n Wrocław www.gis.mz.gov.pl ENVIRONMENT AID Group [email protected] n Institute of Labour Medicine Institute of Botanic at The University of Wrocław n Marshall Office ul. Św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8 ul. Kanonia 6/8 ul. Wybrzeże Słowackiego12-14 90-950 Łódź Wrocław Wrocław www.imp.lodz.pl n www.umwd.pl n Polish Ekology Club Wrocław International Fundation of Ekology n Institute for Meteorology Division ul. Zielińskiego 56 and Water Management ul. Piłsudskiego 74 Wrocław ul. Parkowa 30 Wrocław n Eko Idea Association Wrocław www.ekoklub.wroclaw.pl Wrocław n Province Sanitary Station [email protected] [email protected] ul. Skłodowskiej-Curie 75/77 n Information Service for Environment www.ekoidea.most.org.pl Wrocław Protection Matters n EKOLOS Association n Waste Economic Administration www.ekoinfo.pl ul. Podbiałowa 1 Office n European Environment Agency Wrocław ul. Michalczyka 23 www.eea.eu.int [email protected] n Wrocław n Internet Autonomy Administration The WWF for Poland n Province Inspectorate of Crop Service ul. Wiśniowa 38 m. 1 Protection www.ratusz.ids.pl 02-520 Warszawa ul. Zwycięska 12 www.wwf.pl n Greenpeace Wrocław n www.greenpeace.org Odra Project Office n ul. Drzewieckiego 22/4 Ministry of the Environment n ul. Wawelska 52/54 Chemical Information Service 54-129 Wrocław 00-922 Warszawa www.chemia.px.pl [email protected] [email protected] n PCB Stop www.mos.gov.pl www.pcb.pl 36

Provincial Inspectorate for Environ- Provincial Inspectorate mental Protection in Wrocław [email protected] for Environmental http://www.wroclaw.pios.gov.pl 50-349 Wrocław, Protection ul. H. Sienkiewicza 32 Our publications tel. (0-71) 372-13-06, about the state of the environment in Lower Silesia 321-68-74 tel./fax (0-71) 322-16-17 INSPEKCJA OCHRONY ŒRODOWISKA INSPEKCJA OCHRONY ŒRODOWISKA

WOJEWÓDZKI INSPEKTORAT WOJEWÓDZKI INSPEKTORAT OCHRONY RODOWISKA OCHRONY RODOWISKA we Wroc³awiu we Wroc³awiu Branch Office in Jelenia Góra [email protected] http://www.jgora.pios.gov.pl 58-500 Jelenia Góra

RAPORT RAPORT ul. Warszawska 28 O STANIE O STANIE ŚRODOWISKA ŚRODOWISKA tel. (0-75) 767-94-12, W WOJEWÓDZTWIE W WOJEWÓDZTWIE DOLNOŚLĄSKIM DOLNOŚLĄSKIM W 2001 ROKU W 2000 ROKU 767-94-13, 764-94-45 fax (0-75) 764-89-89

BIBLIOTEKA MONITORINGU ŚRODOWISKA BIBLIOTEKA MONITORINGU ŚRODOWISKA WROCŁAW 2002 WROCŁAW 2001 Branch Office in Legnica [email protected] 59-220 Legnica ul. Rzeczypospolitej 10/12 INSPEKCJA OCHRONY ŒRODOWISKA INSPEKCJA OCHRONY ŒRODOWISKA tel. (0-76) 854-14-00, WOJEWÓDZKI INSPEKTORAT WOJEWÓDZKI INSPEKTORAT OCHRONY RODOWISKA OCHRONY RODOWISKA 850-61-21,854-03-96 we Wroc³awiu we Wroc³awiu fax (0-76) 850-61-38

Branch Office in Wałbrzych RAPORT RAPORT [email protected] O STANIE O STANIE ŚRODOWISKA ŚRODOWISKA W WOJEWÓDZTWIE WWIELKOPOLSKIE IELKOPOLS W WOJEWÓDZTWIE 58-300 Wałbrzych KIE DOLNOŚLĄSKIM LUBUSKIE DOLNOŚLĄSKIM

W 1999 ROKU DELEGATURA WIOŒ W LATACH 1997-1998 W LEGNICY ul. Mickiewicza 16 WROC£AW

NIEMCY DELEGATURA W JELENIEJ GÓRZE

IE K tel. (0-74) 84-233-05 S L DELEGATURA O CCZECHYZE WWA£BRZYCHU P C OOPOLSKIE HY 84-233-22, 84-226-21

BIBLIOTEKA MONITORINGU ŚRODOWISKA BIBLIOTEKA MONITORINGU ŚRODOWISKA 84-248-24 WROCŁAW 2000 WROCŁAW 1999 fax (0-74) 84-233-22 Published with the financial assistance of:

the Provincial Found for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Wrocław

the Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Wrocław Designed by: IMPRESJA