Index

Page numbers in italic refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables.

5 km rule 379, 463–464 Aira Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 280, 282–284, 10 kyr activity index 287–288 285, 286, 303 100 year activity index 287 excursion 499–500 Aizawa Formation 65 Abo Tunnel 458–459, 459 Akaiwa Subgroup 28 Abu-Hikimi Rhyolites 259–260 Akan Caldera 277, 278–279, 281, 282 Abukuma Belt 35–36, 37, 62,87–91, 87, 88, 89, 90 Akandana Volcano 458 granitic rocks 265–266 Akashi Formation 459, 459 metallic minerals 433, 434, 435–436, 435 Akashi Kaikyo suspension bridge 459–460, 459 Abukuma granitoid zone 254, 254, 255, 257 Akashima Formation 13 accretionary complexes 8, 8,10–12, 61 Akatani Landslide 474 Abukuma Belt 35–36, 37, 62,87–91, 87, 88, 89, 90 Akazawa Unit 90, 90 granitic rocks 265–266 Akeyo Formation 321–322, 322 metallic minerals 433, 434, 435–436, 435 Akita Basin Akiyoshi Belt 8–9, 11, 62, 63,65–69, 65, 66, 67, 68, hydrocarbon resources 328, 329, 330, 443–446, 139–140, 140, 141 444–445, 446 catastrophic landslides 471–474, 474 sedimentary successions 323, 325–328, 327 formation process 61, 62 Aki Tectonic Line 125, 127, 495 Hokkaido 201, 202, 204, 206–207, 208–209, 210, 211, 213–214 Akiyoshi Belt 8–9, 11, 62, 63,65–69, 65, 66, 67, 68, Kyushu–Ryukyu Arc 139–140, 140, 141 Cenozoic 160–164, 164, 165 Akiyoshi-dai Plateau 67, 67, 68, 440 Cretaceous 149–150, 151, 152, 153, 154 Akiyoshi-do cave system 501 Jurassic 140, 141, 144, 145, 145, 147–148, 147, 148, 149, 149 Akiyoshi Limestone 8–9, 11, 67, 67, 68, 68,69 Permian 139–140, 140, 145, 146–147 Akiyoshi seamount 65, 65, 66, 66,67–68 Maizuru Belt 7–8, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71–75, 72, 73, 74, 77 Akka–Tanohata Sub-belt 91, 92, 92 Nedamo Belt 8, 9, 62,85–86, 85, 86, 87 Aluminous Spinel Ultramafic Suite (ASUS) 237–238 out-of-sequence thrust model 133 Amami–Daito Province 4, 14, 15 relationship with mainland Asia 93–94, 93 Amami Plateau 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19 Renge metamorphic rocks 61–65, 62, 63, 64, 65, 139, 140, 141, 153 AMeDAS (Automated Meteorological Data Suo Belt 62, 63,69–71, 70, 71, 72, 139, 140–143, Acquisition System) 469 140, 141, 142, 143, 153, 160 Amur Plate 2, 6, 13, 374 tectonic erosion 133 An’ei eruption, Sakurajima Volcano 302 Ultra-Tamba Belt 8, 62, 63, 75, 76, 77 An’ei Seamount 189, 190 see also Chichibu Belt; Mino–Tamba–Ashio Aokigahara lava flow, Fuji Volcano 295, 296 Belt; Shimanto Belt Aosawa Formation 326 active faults Aoshima facies 316, 317, 318 and earthquakes 378–381, 378, 379, 380, 381 aplite feldspar 440 maps 462 Arakigawa Formation 33, 33, 34 and nuclear power stations 464–465 Arato Formation 45 slip rates 462 Aratozaki Formation 45 active volcanism 276, 285–286, 288 Arima–Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) 388, 388, 390 distribution 3, 277, 348 arkosic sands 440 eruption magnitudes 287 Asaji metamorphic complex 140, 141, 144, 151, 152 Fuji Volcano 192, 193 Asaji ultramafic rocks 140, 141, 144 eruptions 194, 286, 295–297, 295, 296, 297, 489 Asama Volcano 276, 277, 286, 288, 288 excursion 487–489, 488 Ashigawa tonalite 257 location 277 Ashikita Group 141, 146 ranking 288 Asia, mainland 29, 93–94, 93 Izu–Oshima Volcano 277, 286, 288, 290–291, 290, 291, 292, 293 see also China; Korean Peninsula Miyakejima Volcano 182, 277, 286, 288, 288, 291–295, 294 Aso Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 281–282, 283, 284, numbers of volcanoes 288 460–462, 461 ranking and monitoring systems 287–288, 288 Aso Volcano 276, 277, 286, 288, 288 Sakurajima Volcano 277, 283, 285, 286, 288, 288, 301, excursion 493, 496–497 302–303, 302 ASUS see Aluminous Spinel Ultramafic Suite (ASUS) excursion 493, 499–500 Ata Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 280 Shinmoedake Volcano 277, 286, 288, 299, 300–302, 300 Atera fault system 386–387, 388 Unzen Volcano 167, 277, 286, 288, 288, 297–299, atmospheric dust 69 297, 298, 299 Atosanupuri Caldera 280, 281, 282 excursion 493, 498–499 augen gneiss 265 Usu Volcano 277, 286, 288–290, 288, 288, 289, 290 Australia 9 activity index (AI) 287–288 Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System adakites 230, 256, 274, 275 (AMeDAS) 469 aftershock activity 377, 383, 383, 398, 399–400, 400 Awazu Formation 46 Ainosawa Formation 37 Ayukawa Formation 46 Aioi Rhyolites 259, 260 Ayukawa Unit 90–91, 90

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 510 INDEX

back-arc basins, hydrocarbon resources 328–330, 329, 443–447, Choshigasa Unit 150, 153, 154 444–446, 446 Chromite-bearing Ultramafic Suite (CRUS) 237–238 back-arc basin successions 323–328, 323 chromitites 30, 31 Akita Basin 323, 325–328, 327 Chugoku Mountains 29–30, 30, 31, 61, 62–63, 65, 69, 70 Niigata Basin 323, 324–325, 324, 326 Chuseki-so sediments 409–410, 415 back-arc knolls zone (BAKZ) 179–180 clay resources 440–443, 441, 442 Baiu Front 469, 472 climatic changes 68–69 barrier and estuary systems 410, 411, 413–414, 414 coal 9, 13, 498 barrier function of geological environment 479–480, 479 coal resources 448–450, 448, 449 Barrovian-type metamorphism 103–104, 104 coastal geology 409–416 basement rocks and cover 25–48 barrier and estuary systems 410, 411, 413–414, 414 Hida Belt 25–29, 26, 27, 28 delta systems 410–412, 411, 412 Hida-Gaien Belt 26,32–35, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 fan delta systems 410, 411, 412 Kurosegawa Belt 36, 40–41, 40, 41,42–43, 46 incised-valley fills 409–410 Oeyama Belt 29–32, 30, 31, 32 Lake Suigetsu 416 South Kitakami Belt 35–40, 37, 38, 39, 40,41–42, 43–46, 43, 44, 45 strand plain systems 411, 412–413, 413 basin and range morphology 2 subsidence 415–416, 416 19 tsunami deposits 414–415, 415 bentonite deposits 441, 442–443, 442 collision-accretion 84, 84 Besshi Unit 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109 contact metamorphism 28, 30, 31, 31, 32, 234–235 big mantle wedge (BMW) model 356, 358–359 continental crust formation 175–176 Bonin islands 177–178 continental shelf survey project (CSSP) 14, 15, 16, 17,18 boninites 230 continental shelves 418–419, 418, 419 continental crust 175 convergent margins 12, 103, 105, 118 Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 177–178 see also Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) Arc 16, 18, 19 Cretaceous 10, 11, 12–13 boninite volcanism 177–178, 178 Cretaceous–Tertiary (K/T) boundary 210 Bonin Ridge 177, 178 CRUS see Chromite-bearing Ultramafic Suite (CRUS) Bouger gravity anomalies crustal earthquakes see inland crustal earthquakes Aso Caldera 281–282, 284 crustal re-organization 267 Kii Peninsula 127, 127 crustal stress fields 375–376, 375 Philippine Sea Plate 16–17, 16 CSSP see continental shelf survey project (CSSP) brine rejection 417 current system, surface ocean 417, 417, 420–421, 422 Brownian Passage Time function 392 cyclic eruptions 278 building stones 443 Buntoku Formation 41,42 Dabie–Sulu Orogeny 9, 11, 11 Butsuzo Tectonic Line (BTL) 12, 139, 140, 150, 151, 153, 154 Daiichi–Kashima Seamount 6,9 Daijima Formation 13 caldera-forming volcanism 275, 276–279, 276, 277, 278, 279 Daioin Unit 90–91, 90 Aira Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 280, 282–284, 285, 286, 303 Daito Ridge 14, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19 Aso Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 281–282, 283, 284, 460–462, 461 dam construction 460–462, 460, 461, 461 Kikai Caldera 276, 277, 278, 278, 279, 280, 284–285, 286, 287, 415 Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) cycles 421 Kutcharo Group calderas 277, 279–281, 281, 282 debris avalanches 287, 288, 288, 297, 469–471 Cambrian 7 debris-flow generation 419 Carboniferous 7, 8–9, 10 Deep-Sea Boring Machine System (BMS) 14 cataclasites 130, 129, 132, 463, 464 Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) 2,18 Cathaysian Floral Province 42, 47 deep-seated granites 261–266, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265 CBF Rift (Central Basin Fault) 14, 19 deep-seated gravitational slope deformation (DGSD) Cenozoic 4,13–14 466, 475 Central Asian Orogenic Belt 9 deep seismic structure 339–365, 364 central island province (CIP), Mariana Arc 184–185, 186 big mantle wedge (BMW) model 356, 358–359 centroid moment tensor (CMT) 375, 375 crustal deformation and shallow crustal seismicity 355–356 Changbai Volcano 358, 358 deep low-frequency earthquakes 355, 355 characteristic earthquake model (CEM) 396 deep structure of subduction zone 359–362, 359, 360, 361, chert-clastic sequences 75, 78–79, 80, 82, 83, 147, 147, 149, 201 362, 363 Chichibu Belt 80–84, 83, 145, 145, 147 mantle wedge structures 347–356 chert-clastic sequences 147, 147, 149 eastern Japan 347–351, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352 formative processes 84, 84, 85 Kii Peninsula 353, 354–355 greenstones 229 western Japan 351–354, 353, 354 and Hokkaido 208, 209 metastable olivine wedge (MOW) 362–365, 364 location 62, 63 stagnant slab 356–359, 357, 358, 361, 363 and North Kitakami Belt 92–93 subducting slab structure and seismic activity 339–347, 340, 342 and Sanbagawa Belt 102 earthquake epicentre distribution 341 stratigraphy and age 81, 82, 148, 149 internal slab structure and intraslab earthquakes 344–347, 344, CHIME monazite dating 115, 115, 251, 254 345, 346 China 7, 9, 10, 29, 93–94, 93, 267, 356 interplate earthquakes and downdip limit 343–344, 344 Chiran Formation 160 slab–slab contact zone 342, 343–344, 344, 345, 346, 347 Chishima Basin 273, 274 thickness of plates 339 Chokai Unit 140, 141, 144, 152 deep water formation 417, 422 Chonomori Formation 44 dehydration embrittlement 344, 346, 362

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 INDEX 511

dehydration of subducting slab 344, 344, 345, 347, engineering geology 457–480 348, 351, 354 dam construction 460–462, 460, 461, 461 deep slab 358, 359, 360, 361 and faults 462–465, 463, 464, 465, 466 delamination 191, 192 nuclear power stations 464–465 delta systems 410–412, 411, 412 landslides 465–466, 467 Devonian 7, 10 classification of 466 Dewa Hills 327, 328 earthquake-induced 466–468, 467, 468, 469, 470, 470, 471 Dewa Ridge 326, 327, 327 gravitational slope deformation 475 diamond 103 mitigation 475, 475 diatomite deposits 440 rainstorm-induced 469–474, 472, 472, 473, 474 Dieterich law 400 slow and continuous 474–475 dinosaur fossils 11, 25, 156, 158 nuclear waste disposal 477–480, 478, 479 Doi Formation 42–43 seismic liquefaction 475–477, 476, 477, 478 downdip limit of interplate earthquakes 343–344, 344 suspension bridge construction 459–460, 459 DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) 2,18 tunnel construction 457–459, 458, 459 Enpo seamount chain see en echelon seamount chains earthquake faulting hypothesis 373, 378, 395 enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) 18 Earthquake Prediction Research Project 379 eolian dust 418 earthquakes 192, 371–402 epithermal metallic deposits 433, 436–439, 437 aftershock activity 377, 383, 383, 398, 399–400, 400 eruption activity index (AI) 287–288 Atera fault system 386–387, 388 estuary systems 410, 411, 413–414, 414 epicentre distribution 341 339, 340, 374 fault networks in Osaka and Kyoto 387–390, 388, 389, 390 exhumation processes 104, 105, 108, 110, 111, 115–116, 116 historical destructive 371–374, 372, 373, 385 inland crustal 339, 373, 374, 374, 377, 378, 388, fan delta systems 410, 411, 412 395, 397, 401 Farallon Plate 110 intensity scale 372 fault breccias 463, 464, 464 intraslab 339, 340, 341, 344–347, 344, 345, 346, 373, 374 fault gouge 463, 464, 464 Itoigawa–Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) 384–386, 385, 386, 387, faults 396–398, 398 5 km rule 379, 463–464 and landslides 387, 466–468, 467, 468, 469, 470, active 470, 471 and earthquakes 378–381, 378, 379, 380, 381 low-frequency (LF) 355, 355 maps 462 magnitude 371, 379, 379 slip rates 462 Median Tectonic Line (MTL) 390–392, 391 density 463, 463 palaeoseismology and earthquake geology 377–382, 378, and engineering geology 462–465, 463, 464, 465, 466 379, 380, 381 nuclear power stations 464–465 probabilistic seismic hazard maps 392, 393–395, 393, 394 and lake formation 320–321 recent seismicity 377, 377 process zones 462–464, 463, 465, 466 seismic hazard assessment 392–402, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, rock classification 464, 464 400, 401, 402 seismogenic 379, 396, 463–464 seismic liquefaction 387, 475–477, 476, 477, 478 strike-slip faulting 12, 108, 111, 117–118, 158, 238, 378 seismic observation networks 339, 356, 376–377, 376 fault stacking 61 seismotectonics and stress field 374–376, 375 feldspar resources 440 and suspension bridge construction 459–460, 459 field geotraverse 485–501, 486 Tohoku district 373, 375, 376, 382–384, 382, 383, 384 Excursion 1: Mount Fuji 487–489, 488 triggering of volcanic activity 286 Excursion 2: Itoigawa Geopark 489–490 and tsunamis 371, 384, 387, 414–415, 420 Excursion 3: Northern Japanese Alps 488, 490–491 types 373, 374 Excursion 4: Zenkoji Temple and Nobi Plain 488, 491 very-low-frequency (VLFE) 128, 131 Excursion 5: and Japanese Rhine Valley 488, see also deep seismic structure; interplate earthquakes 491–492, 493 Earth, surface topography 175, 177 Excursion 6: Shikoku to Kochi 488, 492–494 East Asian continental margin 29, 93–94, 93 Excursion 7: Shimanto belt 493, 494–495 see also China; Korean Peninsula Excursion 8: Shimanto Subduction Mélange and Sakawa Geological East China Sea 417, 417, 420, 421, 447 Museum 493, 495–496 East Sakhalin Cold Current 422 Excursion 9: Aso Volcano 493, 496–497 eclogites Excursion 10: Nagasaki and Iojima 493, 497–498 Renge rocks 61, 62, 63–65, 64, 65 Excursion 11: Unzen Volcano 493, 498 Sanbagawa Belt 103, 104–105, 104, 106, 107 Excursion 12: Kagoshima and Sakurajima Volcano 493, 499–500 Eclogite Unit 102, 104–105, 106, 107 travel logistics 486–487 elastic-rebound theory 373, 378, 395 First Setouchi Series 321 E-MORB (enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt) 18 flora, fossil 42, 46, 47, 48 EMP (Electron Micro- Probe) 251, 254 fold-and-thrust belt, Hokkaido 213–214 en echelon seamount chains 4, 15, 15, 182, 183 forearc basalt (FAB) 19, 177 bathymetry 16 forearc basins, hydrocarbon resources 444, 445, 447 chemical composition 19, 184 forearc basin successions 311–317 crustal structure 18 Kakegawa Group 313, 316, 316, 317 formation 19, 182–183 Kazusa Group 310, 312, 313, 314 magnetic anomalies 18, 18 Miura Group 311–312, 312 volcanic rocks 19 Miyazaki Group 310, 316–317, 318

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 512 INDEX

forearc basin successions (Continued) Ryoke Belt 111–112, 262–263, 261, 262, 263 Sagara Group 313–316, 316 South Kitakami Belt 45, 46 Shimosa Group 312, 313, 315 spatio-temporal distribution 251–254, 252, 253, 254 forearc magmatism 118 and tectonics 266 Fossa Magna graben 13, 384, 489–490 typology 256–257, 256 Fudono Unit 150, 153, 154 volcano-plutonic complexes 259–261, 260, 261 Fuji Black Soil 296 gravitational slope deformation 466, 475 Fuji Volcano 192, 193 gravity anomalies eruptions 194, 286, 295–297, 295, 296, 297, 489 Aso Caldera 281–282, 284 excursion 487–489, 488 Kii Peninsula 127, 127 location 277 Philippine Sea Plate 16–17, 16 ranking 288 greenstones 8–9, 8, 75, 229, 232, 233–234 Fukabori–Wakimisaki Fault 143, 150, 151 Green Tuff 3, 13, 443, 446–447 Fukata Formation 41, 41 ground-motion characterization (GMC) 392 Fukkoshi Formation 44 ground motion hazard 394–395, 395 Fuko Pass metacumulate 31 groundwater extraction, and subsidence 415 Fukuji Formation 33, 34, 34 Guam Island 175, 176, 178 Fukuji succession 33, 34, 34, 35, 35 Gujyo Formation 73, 73 Fuller’s earth 441, 442–443 fumarole activity, submarine 284 Hachijojima Volcano 182 Funafuseyama Unit 75, 78 Haigyu Group 43 Funagawara Formation 46 Hainan hotspot 362 Funakawa Formation 13, 446 Hakone Volcano 192, 193 Funatsu Shear Zone 25, 26 Hakoneyama Formation 46 Funazu Formation 493, 498 Hanaore Fault 390 Furume Welded Tuff 279, 281 Hashirimizu Unit 145, 147, 148 Fusaki Formation 140, 149 Hashiura Group 44,45 Fushimi earthquake 388–390, 388, 392 Hatchodaira Caldera 292 Futaba Group 46–47 Hatto Formation 69 Hawaiian–Emperor bend 177 Gaerome clay 440, 441, 441 Hayachine Complex 37–38, 38, 40 gas hydrates 448 Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite 7, 234–238, 234, 235, 236 Genroku Kanto earthquake 371–372 Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) 381, Genroku seamount chain see en echelon seamount chains 385–386, 392, 394–395, 395, 396, 464 Genroku-type earthquakes 372–373 heavy rare Earth elements (HREE) 183, 184, 237–238, 256 geodetic measurements 375–376 HERP see Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) Geological Survey of Japan 14, 380, 385, 462 HFSE see high-field-strength elements (HFSE) geomuseums 494, 496, 502, 503–505, 506 Hida Belt 25–29, 26, 27, 28, 35, 62, 63 geoparks 229, 494, 495, 501–506, 502, 502 granitic rocks 26, 26, 28, 29, 251, 263–265 Geospatial Information Authority of Japan 462 metallic minerals 431, 432 geosynclinal theory 125 Hida-Gaien Belt 7, 26,32–35, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,61–62, 62, 63 geothermal activity, Unzen Volcano 493, 498 Hida Gneiss Complex 25–27, 26, 27, 28 geothermobarometry 132, 243–244, 243, 263 Hidaka Basin 444, 446, 447 geotrails 495 Hidaka Belt 13, 201, 204, 205, 208, 209, 211, 213 geotraverse see field geotraverse granitic rocks 254, 257, 259, 263, 264, 264, 265 Gionyama Formation 141, 145, 146 greenstones 233–234 glacial–interglacial cycles 420 location 202 Gobo–Hagi Tectonic Line 125, 127 metallic minerals 432, 433, 434 Gofukuji Fault 384, 385, 386 stratigraphy and age 203, 205 Gojo releasing bend 112, 116 Hidaka Collision Zone 1, 204, 212–214, 213 Gokanosho metamorphic unit 141, 145, 146, 147 Hidaka Main Thrust (HMT) 212, 230 Gomi Formation 41, 41 Hidaka Metamorphic Belt 204, 205, 211, 212–213, 213 Gosaisyo Complex 87–89, 87, 88, 89 Hidaka Mountains 1, 230 Goshonoura Group 143, 151, 152, 158, 159, 160 Hidaka Western Boundary Thrust 212 GPS networks 375 Hida Mountains 13, 25, 26,28–29, 30–31 granitic rocks 13, 251–267, 252 excursion 488, 490–491 barrier function of 479, 479 granitic rocks 254, 259, 260 chemistry 254–256, 255, 255, 256 jadeitite 32 contact metamorphism 30, 31, 32 Renge rocks 61–62, 63 deep-seated granites 261–266, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265 Hiehara Formation 75 evolution of granitic crust 266–267 Higashiakaishi Peridotite 103, 105, 106 Hida Belt 26, 26, 28, 29, 251, 265 Higashi Takezawa Landslide 470 Hikami Granite 38, 39, 40, 45, 234, 251 Higashiura Fault 388, 388 isotopic composition 257–259, 257, 258 Higashi–Yamanashi Volcano-Plutonic Complex 194 Izu Collision Zone 192, 193–194, 254, 257, 258–259, 260, 266 high-field-strength elements (HFSE) 18, 177–178, 179, 193, 238, 255 Kurosegawa Belt 40, 41 high-magnesium andesite (HMA) 274 Kyushu 151, 152, 154, 155, 166–167 high-temperature ground, tunnel construction in 458–459, 459 and landslides 469–471, 472 Higo metamorphic complex 140, 142, 145, 151, 152, 152, 154, Maizuru Belt 74 156, 157, 158, 160 Quaternary 13, 251, 254, 259, 260–261, 261 Hijochi Formation 46

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 INDEX 513

Hikami Formation 75 ilmenite-series granitic rocks 254, 257, 259 Hikami Granite 38, 38, 39, 40, 45, 234, 251 Imaichi Pyroclastic Flow 461, 461, 462 Hikata Unit 140, 141 impact ejecta 80, 80 Hikawa Tonalite 140, 141, 144, 145, 152, 157 Inaba Dam 460–462, 461 Hikoroichi Formation 7, 41–42 Inagawa Complex 75, 76 Himenoura Group 143, 150, 151, 152, 156, 158–160, 159, 164 Inai Group 44, 44 Hiraiso Formation 44 Inamura-dake Volcano 284, 285, 287 Hirayu Complex mélanges 458 incised-valley fills 409–410 Hirodaira Unit 145, 146–147, 160 Indonesia 285–286, 287 Hisamine Unconformity 317, 318 infrastructure construction Hitachi Belt, metallic minerals 431, 432, 432 dams 460–462, 460, 461, 461 Hitachi metamorphic rocks 36, 88, 90–91, 90 suspension bridges 459–460, 459 Hitoegane Formation 33, 34, 34 tunnels 457–459, 458, 459 Hitokabe–Iriya Fault 238 Inishi-type rock 265 HMT see Hidaka Main Thrust (HMT) inland crustal earthquakes 339, 373, 374, 374, 377, 378, Hoei earthquake 371 388, 395, 397, 401 Hoei eruption, Fuji Volcano 194, 286, 295, 296, 297, 487 Ino Formation 43 Hokkaido 1, 2, 6,12–13, 201–214, 202 Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 131 active volcanism 276, 277, 286, 288–290, 288, 288, 289, 290 International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) 2,18 caldera-forming volcanism 277, 278–281, 281, 282 interplate earthquakes 128, 132, 133, 339, 371–373, 374, 378, 384, coal fields 448, 448, 449, 450 394, 395, 402 granitic rocks 254, 257, 259, 263, 264, 266 downdip limit 343–344, 344 Hidaka Collision Zone 1, 204, 212–214, 213 371, 373, 390, 401, 402 hydrocarbon resources 328, 329–330, 329, 444, 446, 447 and subducting slab structure 340, 341, 342, 343–344, 344 Kuril Arc 201, 202, 203, 210–212 tectonic mélange 131 ophiolites 224, 230–234, 230 intra-arc basin successions 317–323, 319 Horokanai Ophiolite 202, 204–205, 205, 231, 231 Kobiwako and Osaka groups 317–321, 319, 320 Poroshiri Ophiolite 202, 204, 205, 207, 212, 231–233, 232 Mizunami Group 321–323, 321, 322 Sorachi Group 207, 208, 209, 209 Tokai Group 323 Oshima Belt 10–11, 11, 201–204, 202, 203, 208, 233 intraslab earthquakes 339, 340, 341, 344–347, 344, 345, 346, Rebun–Kabato Belt 12, 202, 204, 208 373, 374 Sorachi–Yezo Belt 201, 202, 203, 204–208, 205, 209, iodine resources 447–448, 447 213–214, 213, 230 IODP (International Ocean Discovery Program) 2,18 tsunamis 415 Iojima Group 498 see also Hidaka Belt Isatomae Formation 44 Hongo Formation 321, 322, 322 Ishigaki metamorphic sequence 70–71, 72 Honshu Arc see NE Honshu Arc; SW Honshu Arc Ishihari Group 450 Horagatake Formation 141, 145, 146 Ishikari Basin 444, 446, 447 Horeki eruption 194 Ishikari coal field 448, 449, 450 Horobetsugawa Complex 205, 207, 209 Ishiwaritoge Formation 45 Horokanai Ophiolite 202, 204–205, 205, 231, 231 island arc system 1–4, 2, 3, 5 Horoman peridotite complex 13, 233, 233 Isokusa Formation 45 Horonobe Underground Facility 479 isotopic composition, granitic rocks 257–259, 257, 258 Hosoo Formation 42 Itoigawa Geopark 489–490 Hosoura Formation 45 Itoigawa–Shizuoka Tectonic Line (ISTL) 193 HREE (heavy rare Earth elements) 183, 184, 237–238, 256 earthquakes 384–386, 385, 386, 387, 396–398, 398 hydration of subducting slab 347, 354 excursion 489–490 hydrocarbon resources 443–448 Ito pyroclastic flow deposit 283, 286, 500 conventional oil and gas 328–330, 329, 443–447, 443, Itoshiro Subgroup 28 444–446, 446 Iwaizumi Tectonic Line 91, 91 methane hydrates 448 Iwaki earthquake 401, 401 water-dissolved natural gas 447–448 Iwaki-oki gas field 445, 447 Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department of Iwashimizu Complex 205, 206 Japan (HODJ) 14 Iwate–Miyagi-nairiku earthquake 383, 383, 466–468, 467 hydrothermal clay 441–442, 441, 442 Iwatsubodani Formation 33, 34, 34 hydrothermal serpentinization, of subducting slab 347, 354 Iwo-dake Volcano 284, 285, 286, 287 hydrothermal vein deposits 433, 436 Izanagi–Kula Ridge 111 Hyuga Group 131, 150, 153, 160–164, 161, 164, 165, 165 Izanagi Plate 11, 12, 110, 111, 117 Hyuga-nada Group 317, 318 Izu Block 192–193, 192 Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) Arc 2, 3, 4, 14, 175–194, IBM see Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) Arc 176, 266 ice-raft debris 422 bathymetry 15–16, 15 Ichinose Formation 41,42–43 crustal structure 18, 180–181, 181, 185–191, 187, 188, 189, Ichinotani Formation 33, 34, 34 190, 191, 192 Ichiyama Formation 41, 41 formation 19 ICP-MS techniques 255 gravity anomalies 16, 16 ICZ see Izu Collision Zone (ICZ) magnetic anomalies 17, 17, 180 Idonnappu Zone 13, 202, 204, 205, 206–207, 208, 209, 213, 230 metallic minerals 437, 438–439 ignimbrites see pyroclastic flow deposits ophiolitic rocks 229–230 Ikenohara Formation 160 stress field 375

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 514 INDEX

Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) Arc (Continued) Kannawa Fault 192, 193 volcanism 19, 180, 181–185, 182, 183, 184, 276, 277 Kanokura Formation 7, 42 isotopic variations 183–185, 185, 186 kaolin deposits 441, 441 Izu–Oshima Volcano 277, 286, 288, 290–291, 290, 291, 292, 293 Karakuwa Group 44,45 Miyakejima Volcano 182, 277, 286, 288, 288, 291–295, 294 Karaumedate Formation 41 volcano-tectonic evolution 176–180, 178 Kashiwagi Unit 81,82 see also Izu Collision Zone (ICZ) Katashina Belt 71 Izu Collision Zone (ICZ) 2, 13, 176, 191–194 Kawafune Fault 382–383 granitic rocks 192, 193–194, 254, 257, 258–259, 260, 266 Kawamata Group 141, 145, 146 Quaternary volcanism 192, 193 Kawauchi Formation 7, 40 stress field 375, 376 Kazusa Group 310, 312, 313, 314 tectonic events 4 Keicho earthquake 373 tectonic framework 192–193, 192 Keicho–Sanriku earthquake 373 Izumi Group 492 Kermadec Arc 181, 182 Izu–Ogasawara Arc see Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) Arc kerogen 328–329, 330 Izu–Ogasawara Trench 4 Keta Formation 46 Izu–Oshima-kinkai earthquake 467, 468, 468 KIBAN project 381 Izu–Oshima Volcano 277, 286, 288, 290–291, 290, 291, 292, 293 Kiban seismic network 339 Izu-toho-oki earthquake 419–420 Kibushi clay 440–441, 441 Kii Peninsula 12, 102–103, 109, 127, 127, 128, 353, 354–355, 371 jade deposits 489 Kikai Caldera 276, 277, 278, 278, 279, 280, 284–285, 286, 287, 415 jadeitite 32, 32 Kiku Unit 139–140 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 14, Kinan Escarpment 15, 15, 18, 19, 188, 188 185, 187, 376 Kinan Seamount Chain 15, 15, 126, 179 Japanese Geoparks Network (JGN) 501 crustal structure 18, 188 Japanese Rhine Valley excursion 491–492, 493 gravity anomalies 16, 16 Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 288, 371, 376, 469 magnetic anomalies 17, 17 Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) 14 origin of 18–19 Japan Sea see Sea of Japan volcanic rocks 18 1, 6, 9, 373, 376, 420 Kinki Triangle 319, 319, 486, 491 Jigokuato Crater, Unzen Volcano 297 Kinshozan Quartzdiorite 148 Joban Basin 445, 447 Kioroshi Formation 315 Joban coal field 448, 449, 450 Kirinai Formation 92, 92 Jogan earthquake 373 Kirishima Volcano 277, 286, 288, 299, 300–302, 300 Jogan eruption, Fuji Volcano 296 Kisakata earthquake 384 Jogan tsunami deposits 415, 415 Kiso River delta 410–412, 412 Joryu Formation 41, 41 Kita–Daito Basin 16, 16 Joyama Thrust 143, 150 Kitadake Volcano 301, 302, 302, 303 Jurassic 8, 8,10–12, 11 Kitagawa Group 131, 132, 164 Jusanhama Group 44,45 Kitakami granitoid zone 254, 254, 255, 256, 257, 260 metallic minerals 433, 434–435, 435 Kagio Formation 46 Kitakami Mountains 234, 234 Kagoshima Graben 437, 439, 499 see also North Kitakami Belt; South Kitakami Belt Kagoshima volcano-tectonic graben (KVTG) 278, 280, 284 Kitakami-teichi-seien Fault Zone 383, 383 Kagura Unit 37, 40 Kiyama metamorphic unit 139 Kaikomagatake Pluton 192, 193 Kiyomizu Tectonic Line 102, 107 Kaimondake Volcano 500 klippes 108, 213–214 Kakegawa Group 313, 316, 316, 317 Kobayashi Caldera 277, 278, 278, 280 Kakizako Formation 141, 145, 146 Kobe earthquake 374, 376, 380, 381, 387–388, 389, 390, 392–393, 491 Kakkonda geothermal field 260, 261 Kobe Group 459, 459 Kakkonda Granite 261, 261 Kobiwako Group 317–321, 319, 320 Kakuto Caldera 277, 278, 278, 280 Kobosoura Formation 46 Kamae Subgroup 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 159 Kochigatani Group 46 Kamaishi Mine 479 Kofu Granitic Complex 192, 193, 194 Kamewarizaka lag breccias 283, 285 Kogoshio Formation 45 Kamiaso conglomerate 78, 78 Koguro Formation 37 Kamiaso Unit 77, 78–79, 78, 80, 147, 149 Kohara Formation 160 Kamishiiba Unit 150, 153, 154 Kokkaibashi Pluton 194 Kamishiro Fault 396, 398, 398, 399 Komoriko tephra group 284 Kamitaki Formation 75 Komori–Kuwagai Complex 73,74 Kamiyasse Formation 42 Korean Peninsula 7, 10, 29, 93–94, 93, 165, 267, 356 Kamiyoshida Unit 81,82 Kosaba Formation 45 Kamuikotan Zone 12–13, 202, 204, 205, 205, 206, 209, 213, 230 Koto Rhyolites 259, 260 metallic minerals 432–433, 432, 433 Koya ignimbrite 284 Kamuinupuri crater 280, 281 Koyamada Formation 46 Kanaegaura Formation 45 Kozaki Formation 141, 146 Kanayama Unit 77, 78, 81 Kozuki Formation 75 Kanbun earthquake 390 Kuchikanbayashi Formation 75 Kan’ei seamount chain see en echelon seamount chains Kuji Group 46 Kanmon Group 152, 156–158 Kujukuri strand plain 412–413, 413

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 INDEX 515

Kujukushima Crater, Unzen Volcano 297 stress field 375 Kula–Pacific ridge subduction hypothesis 127–128, 129 tectonic events 4 Kula Plate 10, 11, 12, 110, 111 Kuma Formation 141, 145, 146, 160 lahars 287, 289, 297, 499 Kumagawa Fault 390 lake formation by fault movement 320–321 Kumaneshiri Group 204 landslides 465–466, 467 Kunisaki Complex 75, 76 classification of 466 Kure Mélange 493, 495–496 earthquake-induced 387, 466–468, 467, 468, 469, 470, Kuriki syncline 145, 147 470, 471 Kuril Arc 1, 2, 3, 201, 202, 203, 210–212, 437, 438 gravitational slope deformation 475 Kuril Basin 1, 201, 202, 212, 266 mitigation 475, 475 Kuril forearc sliver 1, 2, 279, 375 rainstorm-induced 469–474, 472, 472, 473, 474 Kuril Trench 6 slow and continuous 474–475 Kurobegawa Granite 254, 260 submarine 419, 420 Kuroko deposits 13, 433, 434, 435, 437, 437, 438, 439 land subsidence 415–416, 416 Kurosaki Formation 160 Lapis Oboke Museum 494 Kurosawa Formation 42, 327, 328 large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) 18, 179, 193 Kurosegawa Belt 7, 12, 62, 63, 80, 84, 85, 108, 251 Large-Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Law 371 basement rocks and cover 36, 40–41, 40, 41,42–43, 46 laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry palaeogeography 47–48 (LA-ICP-MS) 251 Kurosegawa Ophiolitic Mélange 228–229 light rare Earth elements (LREE) 183, 184, 237–238, 255–256 Kuroshio Current 417, 417, 420–421 LILE see large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) Kurotaki Unconformity 312, 312, 317 Liman Cold Current 417, 417 Kurotani Formation 141, 145, 146 limestone resources 440 Kuruma Group 11, 28 liquefaction, seismic 475–477, 476, 477, 478 Kusanagi Formation 328 low-frequency (LF) earthquakes 355, 355 Kushigatayama Block 192–193, 192 see also very-low-frequency earthquakes (VLFE) Kushiro coal field 448, 449, 450 LREE (light rare Earth elements) 183, 184, 237–238, 255–256 Kushiro-oki earthquake 347 Kutcharo Caldera 277, 278–280, 278, 279, 281, 282 magnetic anomalies, Philippine Sea Plate 17–18, 17 Kutcharo Group calderas 279–281, 281, 282 magnetic polarity 322, 322 Kutcharo Pumice Flows 279, 281 magnetite-series granitic rocks 254, 257, 259 Kuwanokitaira Caldera 292 Magome Formation 498 Kuzumaki–Kamaishi Sub-belt 91–92, 92 Maizuru Belt 7–8, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71–75, 72, 73, 74, 77 Kuzuryu Subgroup 28 Maizuru Complex 73,74 KVTG see Kagoshima volcano-tectonic graben (KVTG) Maizuru Granite 74 Kyushu–Palau Ridge 4, 15, 15, 179 Maizuru Group 72–73, 72,74 crustal structure 18 Manji seamount chain see en echelon seamount chains formation 19 Mano Formation 41 gravity anomalies 16–17, 16 Manotani metamorphic unit 140, 141–142, 145, 152, 157 magnetic anomalies 17, 17, 18, 180 mantle plumes and upwelling 266, 348, 350, 351–352, 353, 353, subduction of 166 354, 356, 358, 361–362 volcanic rocks 18 mantle transition zone 356–358, 360, 361, 362–365, 363, 364 Kyushu–Ryukyu Arc 2,3–4, 3, 139–167 mantle wedge structures 347–356 active volcanism 276, 277 eastern Japan 347–351, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352 Sakurajima Volcano 277, 283, 285, 286, 288, 288, 301, Kii Peninsula 353, 354–355 302–303, 302 western Japan 351–354, 353, 354 Shinmoedake Volcano 277, 286, 288, 299, 300–302, 300 Mariana Arc see Izu–Bonin–Mariana (IBM) Arc Unzen Volcano 167, 277, 286, 288, 288, 297–299, 297, Mariana Trough 191 298, 299 marine sedimentology see oceanography and marine sedimentology caldera-forming eruptions 277, 278, 280 Mars 175, 177 caldera-forming volcanism Mashu Caldera 280, 281, 282 Aira Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 280, 282–284, 285, 286, 303 massive sulphide deposits 432, 432, 433, 434, 435, 437, 437, Aso Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 281–282, 283, 284, 438, 439 460–462, 461 matrix diffusion 479–480 Kikai Caldera 276, 277, 278, 278, 279, 280, 284–285, 286, Matsugadaira–Motai Metamorphic Complex 36–37, 38 287, 415 Median Tectonic Line (MTL) 12, 102, 117–118, 167, 374, 390–392, 391 Cenozoic 160–167, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166 earthquakes 392 Cretaceous excursions 486, 491, 492 accretionary complex 149–150, 151, 152, 153, 154 slip rates 390, 391–392, 391 metamorphic complexes 150–153, 151, 152, 154–155, 156, 157 stress conditions 391–392, 391 modification by Cenozoic tectonics 155–156 megathrust earthquakes see subduction megathrust earthquakes plutonic rocks 151, 152, 153–154, 155, 157 mélanges 61 sedimentary basins 156–160 dam construction in 460, 460, 461 mantle wedge structures 353–354, 354 excursions 493, 494–496 metallic minerals 437, 439 Kyushu 146–147, 147, 148 pre-Jurassic and Jurassic Mino–Tamba–Ashio Belt 79, 81 central Kyushu 140, 141, 144–149, 145, 147, 148, 149 ophiolite 223, 227–229, 228 northern Kyushu 139–144, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144 tectonic 128–131, 129, 133 Ryukyu islands 140, 141, 149 see also serpentinite mélanges

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 516 INDEX

Mercury 177 Mizukoshi Formation 141, 144 Mesozoic 8, 8,9–13, 11 Mizunami Group 321–323, 321, 322 metacumulates 31, 207 Mizunami Underground Facility 479 metallic mineral deposits 431–439 Mizuyagadani Formation 33, 34, 34 accretionary setting 432–434, 432, 433 Mogi Fault 143, 150 back-arc rift setting 433, 436 Momigi Unit 145, 147, 148, 153 continental arc setting 433, 434–436, 435 Mone Formation 45 island-arc setting 433, 436–439, 437 Mongolia 9 pre-accretionary continental margin setting 431–432, 432, 433 Monobegawa Group 146, 147, 152, 160 metamorphism and metamorphic rocks 7, 10–11, 12, 13 monsoons 416 contact metamorphism 28, 30, 31, 31, 32, 234–235 palaeo-monsoon 69 Hida Belt 25–29, 26, 27, 28,30–31, 31 summer 418, 421–422 Hokkaido 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 212–213 winter 417, 422 Kurosegawa Belt 43 Monzen Formation 13 Nedamo Belt 85 moonstone rhyolite ignimbrites 13 regional metamorphism 27, 29, 30, 31. see also paired Moribu Formation 33–34, 33, 34 metamorphic belts Moribu succession 33–34, 33, 34, 35, 35 Renge metamorphic rocks 61–65, 62, 63, 64, 65, 139, 140, 141, 153 Morotsuka Group 149–150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 165 Ryoke Belt 10, 12 Motai Group 86 Sanbagawa Belt 12, 125 MOW see metastable olivine wedge (MOW) South Kitakami Belt 36–37 MTL see Median Tectonic Line (MTL) see also paired metamorphic belts; Suo Belt Mugi mélange 128, 129, 129, 130–131, 133 metasomatic feldspar 440 multichannel reflection system (MCS) 185, 186 metastable olivine wedge (MOW) 362–365, 364 Muroto Geopark 229, 494, 495 meteorite impact ejecta 80, 80 museums, geological 494, 496, 501, 503–505, 506 methane hydrates 448 mylonites 25, 26, 114, 117, 463, 464 methane, water-dissolved 447–448 Myojinmae Formation 44, 44 Miboro Fault 387, 388 Myokendake Volcano 498–499 Mifune Group 143, 151, 152, 158, 159, 160 migmatites 25, 27, 28, 152–153, 154, 261–263, 265 Nabae Group 72,73–74, 73 Mikabu Belt 102, 102, 103, 104, 108, 494 Nabetachiyama Tunnel 457–458, 458 Mikabu Ophiolite Mélange 227–228, 228 Nabi Unit 75–77, 78, 81 Mikata Fault 390 Nagaiwa Formation 7, 42 Minami–Daito Basin 18, 19 Nagamachi–Rifu Fault Zone 384 Minamidake Volcano 301, 302–303, 302 Nagano-ken–hokubu earthquake 396–398, 398, 399 Minami–Izu Terrace 188, 188 Nagao Formation 45 Minami–Kanto gas field 447–448 Nagasaki metamorphic complex 107, 143, 143, 150, 151, 152, Mineoka Belt 192, 193 154–155, 156, 158 Mineoka Plate 193 Nago Formation 150 Mineoka–Setogawa Ophiolitic Mélange 229 Naidaijin Formation 41, 141, 145, 146 mineral resources see metallic mineral deposits; non-metallic Naizawa Complex 205, 207 mineral resources Nakadake Serpentinite 37 Mino–Tamba–Ashio Belt 10, 11, 69, 75–80 Nakadake vent, Aso Volcano 497 chert-clastic sequence 78–79, 80, 147, 149 Nakahata Formation 41, 41 greenstones 229 Nakakyushu Group 145, 147–148, 152, 160 impact ejecta 80, 80 Nakanogawa Group 210, 211 lithologies 77–78, 79 Nakanosawa Formation 46 location 62, 63, 77 Nakazato Formation 7, 40 mélange 79, 81 Nambayama Formation 324, 325 metallic minerals 432, 433, 434 Nameirizawa Formation 38 and North Kitakami Belt 93 Nanatani Formation 324–325, 324, 328, 329, 330, and Ryoke Belt 112 443, 446 tectonostratigraphic subdivision 75–77, 78 Nankai accretionary complex 2, 12, 126 Misaka Block 192–193, 192 Nankai forearc sliver 391, 392 Mitaki Igneous Complex 40, 41 Nankai Trough 2, 6, 126, 127, 128, 131, 371, 373, 376, 390, 401, Mitsumineyama Formation 160 402, 420, 420 Miura Group 311–312, 312 nappe model Miyadani Formation 41,42–43 of Chichibu Belt 84 Miyajima 501 of Sanbagawa Belt 108 Miyakejima Volcano 182, 277, 286, 288, 288, 291–295, 294 nappe piles 9, 75, 76, 77, 223, 230 Miyako Group 46, 47,48 nappes 213 Miyamadani Formation 141, 145, 146 Nara-bonchi-toen Fault Zone 390 Miyama Unit 145, 146–147 Naradani Formation 83 Miyamori Complex see Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite Naruo Formation 46 Miyanaro Formation 42–43 National Coordination Committee for Volcanic Miyara Formation 13 Eruption Prediction 287, 288 Miyazaki facies 316, 317, 318 National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Miyazaki Group Prevention 466 dam construction 460, 460, 461 National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster forearc basin successions 310, 316–317, 318 Prevention (NIED) 376

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 INDEX 517

natural gas extraction 380, 387–388, 389, 393 conventional oil and gas fields 328–330, 329, 443–447, 443, Nojima Group 161, 165 444–446, 446 non-metallic mineral resources 439–443 methane hydrates 448 building stones 443 and subsidence 415 clay 440–443, 441, 442 water-dissolved methane 447–448 feldspar 440 Nebukawa Landslide 468 limestones 440 Nedamo Belt 8, 9, 62,85–86, 85, 86, 87 rock aggregates 443 NE Honshu Arc 1–2, 2, 3, 209, 209 silica 440 metallic minerals 437, 438 Norikuradake Volcano 458 ophiolites 234–238, 234, 235, 236 Norikura Volcanic Zone 458 tectonic events 4 normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) 18, 205 ultramafic xenoliths 239, 240–241, 240, 242, 242, 243, 244 North American Plate 339, 340, 343, 374 volcanism Northern Chichibu Sub-belt 80, 81, 82, 84, 85 active 276, 277 Northern Japanese Alps excursion 488, 490–491 caldera-forming volcanism 277, 278–279 northern seamount province (NSP), Mariana Arc 184–185, 186 Neogene 273, 274–275, 274 North Kitakami Belt 10–11, 11, 62, 85, 85,91–93, 91, 92, 208 see also Hokkaido metallic minerals 432, 433, 434 Nekodake stratocone 281, 283 ophiolites 234, 234 Nekodake Volcano 143 Nosoko Formation 13 Nemuro Belt 13, 201, 202, 203, 210 nuclear power stations 464–465 Nemuro Group 210 nuclear waste disposal 477–480, 478, 479 Neodani Fault 488, 491 Neogene 13–14 Oboke Unit 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 492–494 volcanism 273–275, 274, 275, 276, 278 ocean bottom seismographs (OBSs) 185 Neogene–Quaternary sedimentary successions 309–330, 310 ocean-current-dominated shelf 418 back-arc basin successions 323–328, 323 Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) 2, 18, 19, 180, 273 Akita Basin 323, 325–328, 327 oceanic crust 61, 175 Niigata Basin 323, 324–325, 324, 326 oceanic facies 8–9, 8, 10, 11 forearc basin successions 311–317 oceanic-ridge granitoids (ORG) 255, 256 Kakegawa Group 313, 316, 316, 317 oceanography and marine sedimentology 416–422 Kazusa Group 310, 312, 313, 314 earthquake-related sediment transport 419–420, 420 Miura Group 311–312, 312 modern oceanography 417–418, 417 Miyazaki Group 310, 316–317, 318 Quaternary palaeoceanography 420–422, 421 Sagara Group 313–316, 316 submarine topography 416–417 Shimosa Group 312, 313, 315 surface current system 417, 417, 420–421, 422 hydrocarbon resources 328–330, 329 surface sediment distribution 418–419, 418, 419 intra-arc basin successions 317–323, 319 surface water cooling 417, 422 Kobiwako and Osaka groups 317–321, 319, 320 Ochiai–Hokubo ultramafic body 69 Mizunami Group 321–323, 321, 322 Ochi Formation 41, 41 Tokai Group 323 Odagoe Formation 38 tephrostratigraphy 309–311, 310, 311 ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) 2, 18, 19, 180, 273 New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) 457, 458 Oeyama Belt 29–32, 30, 31, 32, 61, 62, 62, 63,69 New Zealand 9 Oeyama Ophiolite 7, 29, 61, 225–226, 225, 226 Nichinan Group 161, 164, 165–166 off-fault aftershocks 400 Nihonkai-chubu earthquakes 384 offscrape-accretion 84, 84 Niigata Basin Ofunato Group 44,46 hydrocarbon resources 328, 329, 330, 443, 445, 446–447, 446 Oga Ridge 326, 327, 327 sedimentary successions 323, 324–325, 324, 326 Ogasa Group 313, 316 Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ) 375, 486, 490 Ogasawara Plateau 4, 191, 192 Niigata Prefecture earthquake 468, 469, 470, 470, 471 Ogasawara Ridge 15–16, 15, 17, 18, 19, 189, 190–191, 190 Niigata shelf 418–419, 419 Ogasawara Trough 179 Nikoro Group 210–211 Oginohama Formation 45–46, 45 Niranohama Formation 44–45 Ogura Fault 389 Nishidohira metamorphic rocks 88, 90,91 Ohirayama Unit 81,82 Nishikawauchi Formation 140, 141, 144, 144 Oidawara Formation 322, 322 Nishiki Group 69, 71 Oi Formation 75 Nishiki metamorphic sequence 70–71, 72 oil and gas fields Nishikurosawa Formation 13, 330, 446 conventional 328–330, 329, 443–447, 443, 444–446, 446 Nishiyama Formation 324, 325, 457–458, 458 water-dissolved natural gas 447–448 Nishiyatsushiro Group 194 Oishi Formation 326 Nitao Unit 145, 147, 148 6, 11, 12, 13, 125, 374 N-MORB (normal mid-ocean ridge basalt) 18, 205 Okhotsk Sea 211–212 Nobeoka Thrust 125, 131–132, 132, 150, 151, 153, 160, 164 palaeoceanography 422 Nobi earthquake 373, 378, 378, 399, 488, 491 Oki Belt 431, 432 Nobi Plain excursion 491 Oki–Daito Ridge 14, 15,16–17, 16, 17, 18, 19 Noda Group 47 Oki–Daito Rise 14, 15, 18, 19 Nodake Volcano 498 Oki Gneiss Complex 28–29 Noda–Tamagawa deposit 433, 434 2,3–4, 4, 6, 167, 275, 354, 359, 421 Nohi Rhyolites 12, 259, 260, 387 Okitsu mélange 130

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 518 INDEX

Okuhinotsuchi Formation 7 rate 339, 360 Okuniikappu Complex 205, 207 and volcanism 276, 279 Older Fuji Volcano 295 paired metamorphic belts 12, 25, 26, 101, 118 Older Ino Metamorphic Complex 43 see also Ryoke Belt; Sanbagawa Belt Older Ryoke granitoids 112, 115–116, 115, 116, 117, palaeobiogeography 93–94 262, 263 palaeoclimatic changes 68–69 oleanane 329 palaeoenvironmental changes 68–69 Omachi Seamount 179, 180 Palaeogene 12, 13 Omae Unit 145, 147, 148, 153, 154 palaeogeography 7, 9, 11,47–48, 158, 159 Oman 223 palaeolakes 320–321 Omika Unit 90,91 palaeo-monsoon 69 Omi serpentinite mélange 61–62, 63 Palaeozoic 7–9, 8, 9, 10, 11 Onimaru Formation 7, 42 Panthalassa Ocean 66 Onnagawa Formation 13, 327, 328, 443–446 Parece Vela Basin 14 Ono Formation 7, 40 bathymetry 15, 15 Onogawa Group 143, 144, 150, 151, 152, 156, 158, gravity anomalies 16, 16 159, 160 magnetic anomalies 4, 17, 17,18 Onogawa–Izumi basins 12, 116 ophiolitic rocks 229 Ontake-san Landslide 468 spreading 4, 19, 179 On-take Volcano 486, 491 pegmatitic feldspar 440 ophiolite mélanges 223, 227–229, 228 peridotites ophiolites 7–8, 9, 223–238 Horoman peridotite complex 13, 233, 233 classification 225 see also ophiolites; ultramafic rocks Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite 7, 234–238, 234, Permian 7–9, 10 235, 236 Permo-Triassic boundary section 78,79–80 Hokkaido 224, 230–234, 230 petit-spot volcanism 347, 351, 352, 352 Horokanai Ophiolite 202, 204–205, 205, 231, 231 petrologic model of sub-arc mantle 243, 244 Poroshiri Ophiolite 202, 204, 205, 207, 212, 231–233, 232 Philippine Sea Plate 3,4,6,10 Sorachi Group 207, 208, 209, 209 bathymetry 14–16, 15 SW Japan 224, 225–230 crustal structure 18 Kurosegawa Ophiolitic Mélange 228–229 deep mantle processes 359–362, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363 Mikabu Ophiolite Mélange 227–228, 228 delamination of 191 Mineoka–Setogawa Ophiolitic Mélange 229 drilling projects 2,18–19 Oeyama Ophiolite 7, 29, 61, 225–226, 225, 226 evolutionary history of 19 Yakuno Ophiolite 7–8, 69, 71, 72, 73, 226–227, gravity anomalies 16–17, 16 227, 251 magnetic anomalies 17–18, 17 time–space distribution 223–225, 234 mantle wedge structures 351–355, 353, 354 Orikabetoge Formation 38 subducting slab structure 340–343, 342 orogenic belts 125 internal slab structure 347 Osaka Group 317–321, 319, 320 interplate earthquakes and downdip limit 343–344, 344 Osawa Formation 44 slab–slab contact zone 342, 343–344, 344, 345, Osayama serpentinite mélange 61, 62–63, 64, 65, 226 346, 347 Oshika Group 44,45–46, 45 thickness 339 Oshima Belt 10–11, 11, 201–204, 202, 203, 208, 233 subduction of 2, 4, 12, 117, 167, 193, 374–375 Oshima Group 44,45 rate 339, 360 Oshima Orogeny 48, 93 and volcanism 275, 276 Osumi pumice fall 283 surveys 14 Otao Unit 145, 147, 148 volcanic rocks 18–19 Ou Backbone Range 325, 327, 327, 328, 382 phreatomagmatic eruptions 287 outer-rise earthquakes 373 Izu–Oshima Volcano 291 out-of-sequence thrusts 62, 79, 133 Miyakejima Volcano 293 oxygen isotope events 322, 323 Shinmoedake Volcano 300, 302 Oyama Caldera 292, 293–294, 294 Usu Volcano 288, 289–290, 290 Oyashio Current 417, 417 plant fossils 42, 46, 47, 48 plate movements and boundary processes Pacific Plate 6, 11, 14, 110 and granitic magmatism 266 big mantle wedge (BMW) model 356, 358–359 initiation of subduction 175–176 change in motion 177 Neogene volcanism 273–275, 274, 275 deep mantle processes 360–362, 360, 361, 362, 363 Ryoke Belt 116–117 mantle wedge structure 347–351, 348, 349, 350, Sanbagawa Belt 110–111, 111 351, 352 Shimanto Belt 128–131, 129 metastable olivine wedge (MOW) 362–365, 364 thermal-advection models of subduction zones 155, 158 stagnant slab 356–359, 357, 358, 361, 363 Plinian eruptions 283, 284 subducting slab structure 339–340, 342 caldera-forming eruptions 278, 283, 499 internal slab structure 344–347, 344, 345, 346 Fuji Volcano 296 interplate earthquakes and downdip limit 343–344, 344 Sakurajima Volcano 302–303, 302, 500 slab–slab contact zone 342, 343–344, 344, 345, Usu Volcano 288, 289, 289 346, 347 see also sub-Plinian eruptions thickness 339 podiform chromitites 30, 31 subduction of 1, 10, 193 podiform chromium deposits 432–433, 432, 433

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 INDEX 519

porcelain stone deposits 441, 442 Ryuhozan Group 140, 141, 144, 145, 152, 157 Poroshiri Ophiolite 202, 204, 205, 207, 212, 231–233, 232 Ryukyu Arc see Kyushu–Ryukyu Arc Precambrian 4–7 Ryukyu Group 167 precaution faults 380 4, 6 probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) 392, 394 probabilistic seismic hazard maps 392, 393–395, 393, 394 Saba feldspar 440 P–T paths 104, 105–106, 108, 110, 113 Sabo lahar warning system 500 pyroclastic flow deposits 291 Sabudani Formation 46 caldera-forming eruptions 281, 282, 282, 283, 283, 284, 285, 286 6, 371, 372, 419–420 dam construction in 460–462, 461 Sagara Group 313–316, 316 earthquake-induced landslides 466–468, 467, 468 Saiki Subgroup 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 159 rainstorm-induced landslides 471, 473 Sakahogi cherts 492, 493 pyroclastic flows Sakamoto-toge Unit 75, 78 active volcanoes 287, 288, 298, 298, 300, 499 Sakamotozawa Formation 7, 42 caldera-forming eruptions 278, 279–280, 283, 285, 499 Sakawa Geological Museum 496, 505 pyrophyllite deposits 441–442, 441, 442 Sakurajima Volcano 277, 283, 285, 286, 288, 288, 301, 302–303, 302 excursion 493, 499–500 Quaternary 14 Sambosan Unit 81,82–84, 83, 84 granitic rocks 13, 251, 254, 259, 260–261, 261 Samondake Unit 75, 78 Kyushu–Ryukyu Arc 162, 166, 167 Sampodake Unit 150, 153, 154 palaeoceanography 420–422, 421 San Andreas Fault 380, 396, 401 see also coastal geology; Neogene–Quaternary sedimentary Sanbagawa (Sambagawa) Belt 12, 28, 62, 63, 101–111 successions chronology 108–110, 109 Quaternary volcanism 1, 2, 14, 275 as convergent margin 103 distribution of volcanoes 3, 277, 341, 342 deformation 102, 106–107, 110–111 clustering 351, 352 distribution and lithology 101–103, 102 Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 19, 180, 181–185, 182, 183, 184 excursion 488, 492–494 isotopic variations 183–185, 185, 186 formation 110–111, 111 Izu Collision Zone 192, 193 and Hokkaido 209 Kyushu–Ryukyu Arc 167 Kyushu 144, 150, 151, 152, 155–156, 156, 158 see also active volcanism; caldera-forming volcanism large-scale structure 107–108 metallic minerals 432, 433, 434 radionuclide retardation processes 479–480 metamorphism 12, 103–106, 104, 108–109, 110 rainstorm-induced landslides 469–474, 472, 472, 473, 474 paired metamorphic belt model 12, 118 rare Earth elements (REE) 178, 183, 184, 237–238, 255–256, and Shimanto Belt 103, 108, 125 256, 276 Sanbosan Belt 11, 12 Rebun Group 204 sand volcanoes 475, 476, 476, 477, 493 Rebun–Kabato Belt 12, 202, 204, 208 Sangun Belt 25, 26, 61, 69, 154 redox front formation 479–480 metallic minerals 432, 432, 433 REE (rare Earth elements) 178, 183, 184, 237–238, 255–256, San’in granitoid zone 70, 254, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260 256, 276 metallic minerals 433, 435, 436 regional metamorphism 27, 29, 30, 31 San’yo granitoid zone 12, 112, 115, 115, 117, 254, 254, 255, 256, see also paired metamorphic belts 257, 258, 259–260, 261, 262, 263, 263 regional stress fields 375–376, 375 metallic minerals 433, 435, 436 Renge metamorphic rocks 61–65, 62, 63, 64, 65, 139, 140, 141, 153 saprolite 440 Research Group for Active Faults of Japan 376, 379, 395, 462 Saragai Group 44, 44 rhyolites 12, 19, 181, 182, 182, 259–260 Saroma Group 210, 211 ridge–trench–trench (RTT) junction migration 266 Sasayama Group 65 Riedel shear surfaces 131 Sashu Fault 155–156 rock aggregates 443 Satsuma Iwojima island 284, 286, 287 Rokko fault system 388, 388, 389–390, 393 Sawadani Unit 81,82 roofing tile clay 441, 441 sea ice formation 417, 422 Roseki deposits 441–442, 441, 442 sea-level changes 68–69, 409–410, 411–412, 411, 420 Rosse Formation 33, 33, 34 seamounts 4, 179, 180, 189, 190 Russia 9, 209–210, 209 subduction of 2, 9, 84, 84, 126 Ryoke Belt 10, 12, 111–117, 141, 144, 152, 158 see also en echelon seamount chains; Kinan Seamount Chain chronology 109, 115–116, 115, 116 Sea of Japan 2, 3, 202 deformation 107, 113–115, 114, 116, 117 back-arc basin successions 323–328, 323 distribution and lithology 102, 111–112, 112 Akita Basin 323, 325–328, 327 excursions 492, 496 Niigata Basin 323, 324–325, 324, 326 granitic rocks 111–112, 263–265, 261, 262, 263 hydrocarbon resources 328–330, 329, 443–447, 444–446, 446 location 62, 63, 77, 140, 151, 156 palaeoceanography 421–422 metallic minerals 433, 435, 436 spreading 2–3, 4, 127, 133, 155, 165, 166, 201, 266, 273–274, 274 metamorphism 10, 12, 112–113, 113, 115, 115, 116 tsunamis 414–415 paired metamorphic belt model 12, 118 ultramafic xenoliths 240, 240, 241, 242, 242, 243, 244 stratigraphy 152 sedimentary cover sequences see basement rocks and cover tectonic interpretation 116–117 sedimentary successions see Neogene–Quaternary Ryoke granitoid zone 12, 254, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261, 261, 262, 263 sedimentary successions Ryoseki Floral Province 46, 48 seismic hazard assessment 392–402, 395, 396, 397, 398, Ryoseki Formation 12 399, 400, 401, 402

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 520 INDEX

seismic hazard maps 392, 393–395, 393, 394 Shoboji Diorite 37, 38 seismic liquefaction 387, 475–477, 476, 477, 478 Shonoharu metamorphic unit 140, 141, 148, 149 seismic observation networks 339, 356, 376–377, 376 Showa Iwojima island 285, 286 seismic-scale source characterization (SSC) 392 Showa–Shinzan lava dome 289, 289 seismic zoning 392 silica resources 440 seismogenic faults 379, 396, 463–464 Silurian 7, 10 seismo-turbidites 420 Sino-Korean block 7, 29 Seki–Odaira Fault 91, 91 skarn deposits 433, 434–436, 437 Senjyogataki Formation 38–39 slab–slab contact zone 342, 343–344, 344, 345, 346, 347 sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) 192, 251 slope failures Senya Fault 382, 383 landslides 466, 475, 475 Senzan Fault 388, 388 submarine 419 Senzu Group 291 Sodenohama Formation 45 sericite deposits 441, 442, 442 Somanakamura Group 46 serpentinite mélanges 223 Sorachi Group 12, 204, 205–206, 205, 207, 208, 209, 209, 230 Hokkaido 204 Sorachi Ocean 13 and jadeitite 32 Sorachi–Yezo Belt 201, 202, 203, 204–208, 205, 209, 213–214, Kurosegawa Ophiolitic Mélange 228–229 213, 230 Kyushu 141, 145, 146 Sorayama Formation 33, 34, 34 with Oeyama Ophiolite 61, 226, 226 Southern Chichibu Sub-belt 80, 81,82–84, 83, 84, 85, 208 with Renge rocks 61–63, 64,65 southern seamount province (SSP), Mariana Arc 184–185, 186 see also ophiolite mélanges South Kitakami Belt 7, 62, 85, 85, 86, 87, 93, 238 serpentinization, of subducting slab 347, 354 basement rocks and cover 35–40, 37, 38, 39, 40,41–42, 43–46, Setouchi Province 321 43, 44, 45 sheared olistostrome syndrome 131 metallic minerals 431, 432 shearing deformation 74–75, 86 ophiolites 234, 234 shelf facies 7–8, 8, 10 palaeogeography 47–48 Shichito–Ioto Ridge 15, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 Soya Warm Current 417, 417, 422 Shidaka Formation 74 Special Measures Law on Earthquake Disaster Prevention 380 Shidaka Group 65 stable isotopes 259 Shiiya Formation 324, 325 stagnant slab 356–359, 357, 358, 361, 363 Shikoku Basin 14 Steinmann Trinity 223 bathymetry 15, 15 storm-dominated shelf 418, 418 crustal structure 18, 188, 188, 190 strand plain systems 411, 412–413, 413 gravity anomalies 16, 16 stratiform manganese deposits 432, 433, 434 location 126 stress fields 375–376, 375 magnetic anomalies 4, 17, 17 stress shadow 401–402 spreading 4, 4, 18, 19, 126, 165, 179, 273, 274, 275 strike-slip faulting 12, 108, 111, 117–118, 158, 238, 378 subduction of 2, 165 subduction megathrust earthquakes 128, 132, 133, 339, 371–373, volcanic rocks 18 374, 378, 384, 394, 395, 402 Shikotsu Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279 downdip limit 343–344, 344 Shimabara Catastrophe 297 Nankai Trough 371, 373, 390, 401, 402 Shimajiri Group 14 subducting slab structure 340, 341, 342, 343–344, 344 Shimanto Belt 12, 13, 62, 63, 125–133, 126, 149–150, 151, 152, tectonic mélange 131 153, 155 subduction processes 1–4, 9–10, 11,12–13, 61 accretion v. tectonic erosion 133 delamination 191, 192 excursions 493, 494–496 and granitic magmatism 266 geology and large-scale structure 125–127, 126, 127, 128 initiation of subduction 175–176 greenstones 229 P–T paths 104, 105–106, 108, 110 and Hokkaido 209 Sanbagawa Belt 104, 105, 110–111, 111 Kula–Pacific ridge subduction hypothesis 127–128, 133 seamount subduction 2, 9, 84, 84, 126 metallic minerals 432, 433, 434 Shimanto Belt 128–131, 129 plate boundary processes 128–131, 129 thermal-advection models of subduction zones 155, 158 and Sanbagawa Belt 103, 108, 125 see also deep seismic structure stratigraphy 154 Suberidani Group 41 tectonic boundary thrusts 131–132, 132 submarine fumarole activity 284 Shimanto Subduction Mélange 493, 495–496 submarine topography 416–417 Shimanto Supergroup 460, 460, 461 sub-Plinian eruptions Shimokawa greenstone complex 233 Fuji Volcano 295, 296 Shimomidani Formation 74 Miyakejima Volcano 293 Shimonoseki Subgroup 156–158 Shinmoedake Volcano 300–302, 300 Shimosa Group 312, 313, 315 subsidence 415–416, 416 Shindate Formation 44 Suigetsu Lake 416 Shinjima pumice 283 Sumaizuku Unit 81,82 Shinjo Basin 327, 328 Sumatra–Java Arc 285–286, 287 Shinmoedake Volcano 277, 286, 288, 299, 300–302, 300 Sumisu Rift 180, 183, 183, 185, 188, 188, 191 Shin-yake lava flow, Unzen Volcano 297 summer monsoon 418, 421–422 Shiraishino Granodiorite 154, 157 Suo Belt 62, 63,69–71, 70, 71, 72, 139, 140–143, 140, 141, 142, Shiramizu Group 47 143, 153, 160 Shizugawa Group 44, 44 supra-subduction zone (SSZ) ophiolites 7–8, 234

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 INDEX 521

surface current system 417, 417, 420–421, 422 Tohoku-oki earthquake 339, 343, 371, 382, 386, 394, 396, 400–401, 401 surface water cooling 417, 422 landslides 467, 468, 468 suspension bridge construction 459–460, 459 seismic liquefaction 475, 476, 476, 477 Suwanosejima Volcano 277, 286, 288 source area 342 swelling rocks, tunnel construction in 457–458, 458 tectonic displacements 420 SW Honshu Arc 2–3, 2, 3, 208, 209, 209 triggering of volcanic activity 286 metallic minerals 437, 439 tsunamis 415, 420 tectonic events 4 Tohoku-oki type earthquakes 373 ultramafic xenoliths 239, 240, 240, 241, 242, 242, Tokai Group 323 243, 244 Tokai seismic gap hypothesis 371 volcanism 273, 274, 275, 275 Toki Formation 321 syncollision granitoids (syn-COLG) 193–194, 255, 256 Tokoro Belt 13, 201, 202, 203, 210, 233–234 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) pixel matching technique 383 Tokura Formation 75 Tokyo Lowland 409–410, 415, 416 Taisho eruption, Sakurajima Volcano 302–303, 500 Tomizawa Formation 46 Taisho-type earthquakes 372–373 Tomochi district, Kyushu 145–148, 145, 148 Taishu Group 161, 165 Tomochi Formation 145, 146, 147, 160 Takadake Unit 145, 147, 148 tomographic inversion technique 186 Takada Rhyolites 259–260 Tomuru Formation 69, 70, 140, 141, 149 Takano base surge 283 tonalites 18, 251 Takanuki Complex 87, 88, 88, 89, 89 Hidaka Belt 212, 263–265, 264, 265 Takasakiyama Formation 160 Hikawa Tonalite 140, 141, 144, 145, 152, 157 Takashima coal field 448, 450, 493, 497–498 Izu Collision Zone 193, 257 Takatsuki Formation 75 xenoliths 175 Takeshima ignimbrite 284, 287 Tono Uranium Mine 479 Takeshima island 284, 286 Torinosu Group 82, 83 Takidani Granodiorite 254, 260, 488, 490 Tosa-Bae 126, 126 Takonoura Formation 46 Toseki deposits 441, 442 Tamadare Unit 90, 90 total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations 325, 328 Tamba (Tanba) Belt 75, 76, 77 Towada Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279 Tandodani Formation 33, 34, 34, 35 Toya Caldera 277, 278, 278, 279, 288 Trenching Research Group 380, 381 Toyoma Formation 7 Tanoura Gabbroic Complex 496 Toyoman Series 42 Tanzawa Block 192–193, 192 trace-element geochemistry 255–256, 255, 256 Tanzawa Group 194 transgressions 312, 313, 316, 322, 322, 325, 327, 409, 410, Tanzawa Plutonic Complex (TPC) 192, 193, 194 413–414, 414 Tanzawa tonalite 257 translation model of Chichibu Belt 84, 85 Tari–Misaka body 30, 31,32 travel logistics 486–487 Tategami Formation 45 Triassic–Jurassic boundary 11 tectonic boundary thrusts Tsubonosawa Metamorphic Complex 38,39–40 origin of 132–133 Tsugawa Formation 324–325, 324 Shimanto Belt 131–132, 132 Tsukabaru Thrust 150, 153, 154 tectonic erosion 118, 133 Tsukihama Formation 45 tectonic mélange 128–131, 129, 133 Tsukinoura Formation 45 tectonic models Tsukiyoshi Member 321, 322 granitic magmatism 266 Tsukiyoshi uranium deposit 479 initiation of subduction 175–176 Tsuma facies 316, 317, 318 Neogene volcanism 273–275, 274, 275 Tsumaya pyroclastic flow deposit 283 Ryoke Belt 116–117 Tsunakizaka Formation 45 Sanbagawa Belt 110–111, 111 tsunami deposits 373, 414–415, 415 thermal-advection models of subduction zones 155, 158 tsunamis 494 tectonites 236, 236, 237–238 earthquake-induced 371, 384, 387, 414–415, 420 Tei Mélange 493, 494 and volcanism 285, 288, 297 Tenpoku Basin 444, 446, 447 Tsunemori Formation 67, 67, 68 Tensho earthquake 373, 387, 388 Tsuno Group 69, 71 tephras, widespread 309–310, 310, 311 Tsurunokoba Formation 141, 146 Teradomari Formation 324, 325, 328, 329, 330, 443, 446 Tsushima Warm Current 417, 417, 419, 422 Terano Metamorphic Complex 40, 41 tunnel construction 457–459, 458, 459 Teshio shelf 419 turbidite deposition 419–420, 420 Tetori Group 11, 28, 35, 35 typhoons 418, 469, 472 thermal-advection models of subduction zones 155, 158 thermobarometry 132, 243–244, 243, 263 Uchinohara Formation 44 tholeiitic volcanism 178–180, 178 Uchisugawa Formation 324, 325 tide-dominated shelf 418 Uchiumigawa Group 500 Tobigamori Formation 37, 39,41 Uemachi Fault 390, 390 Tochikubo Formation 46 ultramafic rocks 223 Togano Unit 81, 82, 83, 84, 84 Horoman peridotite complex 13, 233, 233 Togari Member 321–322, 322 Izu Collision Zone 192, 193 Tohoku district, earthquakes 373, 375, 376, Kyushu–Ryukyu Arc 140, 141, 144 382–384, 382, 383, 384 Nedamo Belt 86, 87

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 522 INDEX

ultramafic rocks (Continued ) Wakamiko Caldera 283, 284, 285, 286 Oeyama Belt 29–32, 30, 31 Wakino Subgroup 156–158 Sanbagawa Belt 103, 107 water-dissolved natural gas 447–448 xenoliths 238–244, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243 waveform matching technique 376–377 see also ophiolites Western Nagano Basin Fault Zone (WNBFZ) 489, 491 Ultra-Tamba Belt 8, 62, 63, 75, 76, 77 West Mariana Ridge 186, 187, 190, 191 Unazuki Schist 25, 26,27–28, 28 West Philippine Basin 14–15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, Underground Research Laboratories (URL) 479 19, 177 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 14 winter monsoon 417, 422 Unzen Volcano 167, 277, 286, 288, 288, 297–299, 297, 298, 299 within-plate granitoids (WPG) 255, 256 excursion 493, 498–499 Uonuma Group 324, 325 X-ray fluorescence (XRF) 255 uplift 477, 478–479, 478 Urahoro Group 450 Yabase oil field 443–446, 444 Urdaneta Plateau 14, 18, 19 Yaeyama Group 14 Urita Dam 460, 460, 461 Yahata Formation 152, 156–158 Usami catalogue 371 Yakedake Volcano 458, 459, 488, 490–491 Usukidani Fault 463, 465, 466 Yakuno Group 72, 73, 73 Usukigawa Quartzdiorite 140, 141, 148–149 Yakuno Ophiolite 7–8, 69, 71, 72, 73, 226–227, 227, 251 Usuki–Yatsushiro Tectonic Line (UYTL) 139, 140 Yakushigawa Formation 38 Usu Volcano 277, 286, 288–290, 288, 288, 289, 290 Yamadori Formation 44,46 U–Th–Pb ages 115, 115, 251, 253, 253, 259 Yamaga Metagabbro 140, 141, 142 Yamagata Basin 328, 329 Venus 177 Yamagata-bonchi Fault Zone 383–384 very-low-frequency earthquakes (VLFE) 128, 131 Yamaide Formation 141, 145, 146 volcanic-arc granitoids (VAG) 255, 256 Yamanouchi Member 322, 322 volcanism 273–303 Yamasaki Formation 75 Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 19, 180, 181–185, 182, 183, 184, 276, 277 Yato Formation 150 isotopic variations 183–185, 185, 186 Yezo Group 12, 204, 205, 206, 213, 230 Izu–Oshima Volcano 277, 286, 288, 290–291, 290, 291, 292, 293 Yobikonoseto Fault 150, 151 Miyakejima Volcano 182, 277, 286, 288, 288, 291–295, 294 Yobuno Unit 140 volcano-tectonic evolution 176–180, 178 Yokokurayama Group 40–41, 41 Neogene 273–275, 274, 275, 276, 278 Yokonuma Formation 45 petit-spot 347, 351, 352, 352 Yonagu Unit 145, 147, 148 seismic triggering of 286 Yoro Fault 387, 388 and tsunamis 285, 288, 297 Yoshiki Formation 33, 34, 34 see also active volcanism; caldera-forming volcanism Younger Fuji Volcano 295 volcano-plutonic complexes 194, 259–261, 260, 261 Younger Ino Metamorphic Complex 43 Vulcanian eruptions Younger Ryoke granitoids 112, 115, 117 Miyakejima Volcano 293 Yubetsu Group 210, 211 Sakurajima Volcano 301, 302, 303, 500 Yuda Basin 327, 327, 328 Shinmoedake Volcano 300, 302 Yufutsu oil and gas field 328, 329 Unzen Volcano 500 Yusukawa Unit 81,82

Wadati–Benioff Zone 339 Zenkoji Temple 488, 491 Wakamatsu Mine 30, 31 Zohoin Formation 46

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3707171/backmatter.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021