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Demand-Responsive Transportation Systems

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Demand-Responsive Transportation Systems DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Special Report 136 Highway Research Board National Research Council National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering I •. , __;• -•-, .- HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD 1973 Officers James A. Moe, Director, California Department of Public Works William L. Garrison, Chairman Elliott W. Montroll, Albert Einstein Professor of Jay W. Brown, First Vice Chairman Physics, University of Rochester Milton Pikarsky, Second Vice Chairman Milton Pikarsky, Commissioner of Public Works, W. N. Carey, Jr., Executive Director Chicago David H. Stevens, Commissioner, Maine Department of Transportation Executive Committee B. R. Stokes, General Manager, San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Ralph R. Bartelsmeyer, Federal Highway Administra- Robert N. Young, Executive Director, Regional Plan- tor, U.S. Department of Transportation ning Council, Baltimore (ex officio) Frank C. Herrmger, Urban Mass Transportation Ad- ministrator (ex officio) Henrik E. Stafseth, Executive Director, American Association of State Highway Officials (ex officio) Ernst Weber, Chairman, Division of Engineering, Na- tional Research Council (ex officio) Charles E. Shumate, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Highways (ex officio, Past Chair- man, 1971) Alan M. Voorhees, President, Alan M. Voorhees and Associates, Inc. (ex officio, Past Chairman, 1972) Hendrik W. Bode, Gordon McKay Professor of Sys- tems Engineering, Harvard University Jay W. Brown, Director of Road Operations, Florida Department of Transportation W. J. Burmeister, Executive Director, Wisconsin As- phalt Pavement Association Douglas B. Fugate, Commissioner, Virginia Depart- ment of Highways William L. Garrison, Edward R. Weidlein Professor of EnvirQnmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Roger N. Gilman, Director of Planning and 11evelop- meit, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Neil V. Hakala, President, Esso Research and Engi- neering Company Robert N. Hunter, Chief Engineer, Missouri State Highway Commission George Krambles, Operating Manager, Chicago Transit Authority A. Scheffer Lang, Office of the President, Association. of American Railroads Saunders Mac Lane, Max Mason Distinguished Service Professor, Department of Mathematics, The Uni- versity of Chicago Harold L. Michael, School of Civil Engineering, Pur- due University D. Grant Mickle, President, Highway Users Federation for Safety and Mobility John T. Middleton, Consultant, Washington, D.C. DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS Special Report 136 Proceedings of a conference held June 12-14, 1972, at Ann Arbor, Michigan Subject Area: 84 Urban Transportation Systems Highway Research Board Division of Engineering National Research Council National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering Washington, D.C., 1973 NOTICE The conference reported herein was held under the aegis of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council with the approval of the Governing Board of the NRC. Such approval indicated that the Governing Board considered that the problem is of national significance, that solution of the problem required scientific or technical competence, and that the resources of NRC were particularly suitable to the conduct of the project. The institutional responsibil- ities of the NRC were then discharged in the follow- ing manner: The members of the conference com- mittee were selected for their individual scholarly competence and judgment, with due consideration for the balance and breadth of disciplines. Responsi- bility for all aspects of this report rests with the com- mittee, except that opinions and conclusions attributed in the report to individuals are not necessarily those of the committee, the Highway Research Board, or the National Research Council. Although the reports of Highway Research Board committees are not submitted for approval to the Academy membership or to the Council of the Acad- emy, each report is reviewed by a second group of appropriately qualified individuals according to pro- cedures established and monitored by the Academy's Report Review Committee. Such reviews are intended to determine, inter alia, whether the major questions and relevant points of view have been addressed and whether the reported findings, conclusions, and rec- ommendations arose from the available data and in- formation Distribution of the report is approved, by the President of the Academy, only after satisfactory completion of this review process. ISBN 0-309-02099-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-2355 Price: $3.60 Available from Highway Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418. CONTENTS FOREWORD, Leon M. Cole v DIAL-A-RIDE PROJECT IN ANN ARBOR: LEGALITY, Jerold Lax 68 INTRODUCTION, Daniel Roos 1 DIAL-A-BUS: GUIDELINES FOR DE- General Issues SIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 3 DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSPOR- TATION AS SEEN BY THE TRANSIT WORKER, John M. Elliott 75 Implementation of Specific Systems FORD MOTOR COMPANY'S ROLE IN DIAL-A-BUS EXPERIMENT IN BAY DIAL-A-RIDE DEVELOPMENT: 1972 RIDGES, John A. Bonsall 10 AND BEYOND, Karl W. Guenther 80 TELEBUS PROJECT IN REGINA, USER PREFERENCES FOR DIAL-A- Wallace G. Atkinson 16 BUS, Richard L. Gustafson and Francis P. D. Navin 85 B-LINE DIAL-A-BUS SYSTEM IN BATAVIA, Robert P. Aex 23 MODEL CITIES DIAL-A-RIDE SYSTEM Dispatching Systems IN COLUMBUS, OHIO, William C. Habig 27 COMPUTERS, TAXIS, AND GRASS ROOTS TRANSPORTATION, Robert C. MODEL CITIES JITNEY TRANSPOR- Cherry 94 TATION IN BUFFALO, Michael White 31 USE OF DATA PROCESSING IN TAXI- CAB CONTROL, John Davidson 99 DIAL-A-RIDE APPLICATION IN GREAT BRITAIN, Philip R. Oxley 33 GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER DIS- PATCHING SYSTEM, Nigel H. M. DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION IN Wilson and Bernard Trevor HADDONFIELD, D. W. Gwynn and Higonnet 102 Anthony U. Simpson 38 DIAL-A-RIDE DEMONSTRATION IN Banquet Speech HADDONFIELD: PLANNING AND INI- TIAL OPERATION, Douglas M. ISSUES AND POLICY QUESTIONS CON- Medville 44 FRONTING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, Elbert C. Mackey 105 DIAL-A-RIDE PROJECT IN ANN ARBOR: DESCRIPTION AND OPERA- TION, Thomas Urbanik, II 53 Participants 110 DIAL-A-RIDE PROJECT IN ANN ARBOR: PUBLIC RESPONSE, Michael J. Berla 61 Sponsorship 113 FOREWORD Leon M. Cole Professor and Director, Graduate Program in Community and Regional Planning, University of Texas at Austin Research on demand-responsive trans- of Technology and the HRB Committee on portation concepts began in the 1960's and New Transportation Systems and Tech- was first widely reported in "Tomorrow's nology were joint sponsors, and the Ann Transportation: New Systems for the Arbor Transportation Authority and the Urban Future," the summary report of Highway Safety Research Institute of the extensive studies on new systems of ur- University of Michigan also participated. ban transportation conducted by the U.S. More than 125 persons from transit and Department of Housing and Urban Devel- taxi industries, labor unions, manufac- opment and published in 1968. That re- turers, government, consulting firms, port identified demand-responsive trans- and universities attended. In addition to portation as the most promising new papers and discussions, field trips were concept that could be implemented in the scheduled to inspect the Ann Arbor relatively near future. demand-responsive system and also the The Massachusetts Institute of Tech- work being done by Bendix, Ford, and nology, a major contributor to the early General Motors. research of such concepts, sponsored The Committee on New Transportation the First Annual Conference on Demand- Systems and Technology is pleased to Responsive Transportation Systems in sponsor this publication of the conference the summer of 1970. That was a 1-day proceedings. It is the second in a series conference at which M. I. T. researchers of reports on demand-responsive systems presented their findings. In September and services. The first, "Demand- 1970, the Highway Research Board's Actuated Transportation Systems," Special Committee on New Transportation Sys- Report 124, contains the proceedings of tems and Technology and Purdue Univer- the 1970 Purdue Conference. We are sity sponsored a 2-day conference that aware of the widespread current interest brought together both researchers and in information about changing develop- operators of demand-responsive transrans-- ments in demand-responsive transpor- portation. By the summer of 1971, 3 tation. The material in this report, pre- demand-responsive systems had been pared by such a broad cross section of implemented and several other systems people who have been gaining experience were planned for implementation during and learning lessons in implementing the next year. Reports were given on innovative transportation systems con- these systems at the Second Annual Con- cepts, represents the most current in- ference on Demand-Responsive Trans- formation of its kind on demand-responsive portation Systems, a 2-day conference transportation installations. sponsored by M.I.T. in the summer of 1971. Because interest in demand-responsive transportation continued to increase and because conferences served as one of the best communication channels between operators and researchers, the Third Annual Conference on Demand-Responsive Transportation Systems was held in June 1972. This special report contains the presentations and discussions of that conference. The Massachusetts Institute INTRODUCTION Daniel Roos Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
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