Reduced to Ashes: the Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab First Published, May 2003

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Reduced to Ashes: the Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab First Published, May 2003 SAFHR Publications SAFHR Paper Series is on contemporary issues of peace and human rights in South Asia. They are in the nature of long essays and dossiers. Till now seven papers have been published under the series. They are: 1. Girl Trafficking in Nepal 2. The Mahakali Integrated Development Treaty – An Evaluation of News Coverage 3. Refugees in South Asia – A Report 4. Those Accords – A Bunch of Document 5. Peace process in Nagaland and Chittagong Hill Tracts - Peace Audit Report 1 6. Protection of Refugees in South Asia - Need for a Legal Framework 7. Ten-Week War in Kargil - From the News File 8. Peace Process in Sri Lanka - Peace Audit Report 2 9. Reporting Conflict - A Radical Critique of the Mass Media by Indian and Pakistani Journalists 10. A Complex Denial: Disappearances, Secret Cremations & The Is- sue of Truth and Justice in Punjab 11. Militarized Hindu Nationalism and the Mass Media 12. Three Essays on Law, Responsibility and Justice 13. The Current History of Peace Politics SAFHR volumes are results of collaborative research and dialogues among partners across borders. The four volumes are: 1. States, Citizens and Outsiders - The Uprooted Peoples of South Asia 2. Living on the Edge – Essays on the Chittagong Hill Tracts. 3. Shrinking Space - Minority Rights in South Asia 4. Women, War and Peace in South Asia - Beyond Victimhood to Agency 5. Open Borders: Women Making Peace – A Report REFUGEE WATCH is a quarterly published by SAFHR on refugees and forced migrants in South Asia. Published from 1998 in collaboration with its partner in Calcutta, Calcutta Research group, REFUGEE WATCH covers news on forced population movements in the region, reflections on sys- tems and institutions of refugee care and protection of refugee rights, and carries voices from exile. South Asia Forum for Human Rights GPO Box 12855, Kathamndu, Nepal Tel: 977-1-541026 Fax: 977-1-527852 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.safhr.org COVER.p65 1 4/27/03, 10:07 PM Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab First published, May 2003 © Ram Narayan Kumar & Amrik Singh All rights reserved. Except for quotations in reviews, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the two au- thors and the publisher. For information, address South Asia Forum for Human Rights, GPO Box 12855, Kathamandu, Nepal. Cover design by Marlyn Tadros, Hendrik van der Berge & Chandra Khatiwada Layout by the printhouse, Kathmandu, Nepal. Printed by Jagadamba Press, Lalitpur, Nepal. Published by South Asia Forum for Human Rights GPO Box 12855 Kathmandu. Nepal Tel: 977-1-5541026 Fax: 977-1-5527852 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.safhr.org ISBN 99933-53-57-4 CONTENTS Contents PREFACE - By Peter Rosenblum I INTRODUCTION - By Tapan Bose II NHRC CHRONOLOGY IX JASWANT SINGH KHALRA: A MARTYR FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 1 Part One: Evidence of Mass Illegal Cremations 3 The Abduction of Jaswant Singh Khalra 6 Intervention by the Supreme Court of India 7 Part Two: Narrative History of Punjab and Human Rights Inspirations 11 The Gadhr Movement 11 Communal Movements and Kartar Singh 15 Partition of Punjab 19 Formative Years of Jaswant Singh Khalra 21 Khalra’s Early Political Activities 24 Indira Gandhi’s Emergency: Sideshows of a Democracy 27 Incongruous Alliances: the Akalis and Jarnail Singh Bhindrawale 28 Indira Gandhi Moves to Consolidate Power 32 Operation Blue Star: The Army Assault 35 Assassination of Indira Gandhi and Delhi Pogroms 41 Abortion of a Peace Accord 45 Election Hopes 48 Poll Boycott 50 Silencing of Human Rights Groups 52 Early Investigations by Jaswant Singh Khalra 53 Senior Officers Threaten Jaswant Singh Khalra 55 Vitriolic Public Exchanges 57 Assassination of the Chief Minister 60 Part Three: Khalra’s Abduction and the CBI’s Investigation 61 The Identification of the Police Officers 62 Campaign against Human Rights Groups 64 Reduced to Ashes Witnesses Face Police Pressure 65 CBI Caves in to Police Impunity 67 Elusive Goals of Justice and Truth 71 IMPUNITY BY ALL MEANS: RIGHTS AND THE DEAD-ENDS OF LAW 73 Part One: The Search for Truth 75 Election Manifesto 75 Recent Examples of Truth Commissions 76 Paradigmatic Examples: Argentina and Chile 77 Popular Co-Agency 82 Part Two: Legislative Apparatus of Counter-insurgency 83 Draconian Laws 83 Examination of Provisions of TADA 84 Point and Counterpoint: Supreme Court Upholds TADA 87 Subordination of Fundamental Rights to the Will of the State 98 Part Three: Punjab Police—Development and Reorganization 100 Origins of the Punjab Police 100 Savage Transformations: Allegations of Undercover Operations 102 Police Vigilante Outfits 104 Gurdev Singh Kaunke 107 Police Quotas for Murders: Interview with an SSP 107 Part Four: People’s Commission and NHRC 108 The People’s Commission and the Clamour for its Ban 108 Political and Legal Arguments For and Against the Ban 110 Origins of the NHRC 114 Four Phases of the Proceedings: Preliminary Questions 115 Conflicts on the Scope of Inquiry 116 Submissions on the Preliminary Issues 117 The Order on the Preliminary Issues 119 Our Suggestions on the Modalities of Further Proceedings 122 Second Phase: The Union Government Returns to the Supreme Court 123 Arguments in a Vicious Circle 124 Deconstruction of a Mandate 125 The Terms of Reference: New Interpretations 126 Limitations on the NHRC Inquiry 128 Our Understanding of the Mandate 129 The Commission Rejects our Review Application 130 Contents Third Phase: The Grounds for Moving the Supreme Court 131 The Light of Further Evidence 131 Empyrean Indifference 132 Third Phase: Withdrawal from Hearings 134 Attempts to Close the Matter 137 Fourth Phase: Restoration of the Restricted Mandate 139 Stalled Proceedings 144 METHODOLOGY 147 The Interview Process 150 A Case for Exclusion 151 Integrity in Fact-Finding 152 Interim Report 153 First Volume 157 ANALYSIS OF CASE SUMMARIES 159 The CBI’s Three Lists of Illegal Cremations 161 Police Powers 170 The use of TADA and the Notion of Criminality 187 Custodial Torture 182 The Indian Armed Forces 191 Victims’ Property 197 The Lower Judiciary and Its Role 199 Medical Note 202 SUMMARIES OF CASES OF ILLEGAL CREMATIONS INCLUDED IN THE CBI LISTS 205 The List of Identified Dead Bodies 207 Cremations in the Police District of Tarn Taran 207 Cremations in the Police District of Amritsar 368 Cremations in the Police District of Majitha 398 The List of Partially Identified Dead Bodies 485 Cremations in the Police District of Tarn Taran 485 Cremations in the Police District of Amritsar 512 Cremations in the Police District of Majitha 520 The List of Unidentified Dead Bodies 535 Reduced to Ashes ENDNOTE: REFLECTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 601 APPENDICES i: Press Note on Mass Illegal Cremations 605 II: Incident Report Form 609 III: Maps of Punjab and India 613 IV: Organizational Structure of Punjab Police and 615 Abbreviations of Police Ranks 616 V: December 12, 1996 Supreme Court Order Referring the Matter of Illegal Cremations to the NHRC 617 VI: NHRC Proceeding of 18 August 2000 621 VII: Glossary 623 Sample Pages from the CBI Lists of Illegal Cremations by the Police 625 VIII: Acknowledgments 635 PREFACE his report on disappearances in Punjab is the first published piece in a massive Tand on-going undertaking by a small group of very committed scholars and activists. For more than two years, I have followed their work. At first, I wondered why they were returning to the seemingly settled events of the last decade when new and pressing conflicts threatened individual liberties and personal security in India and beyond. I was also skeptical about their ability to pierce through the thick veils of ideology, intrigue and "state security" that obscure our understanding of the campaign to pacify Punjab. My initial skepticism was appeased by the careful methodology of the research- ers. They systematically collected testimonies from across the region, transcribed them and invested hundreds of hours correlating these with public statements, docu- ments, and officials records. I also acquired a better understanding of the many motivations that animated them: they were not taking sides in a conflict; they did not expect to change history or right a history of wrongs with a single report. Rather, they sought to empower the families of disappeared to reclaim their dignity, to press the institutions of the state to perform their obligations, and to lay the ground work for an honest retelling of a tragic part of recent history. This would already be enough to legitimize the project. But current events in India and the world render the undertaking all the more relevant. When viewed in the light of police, court and crematoria records, the raw material of this report - the hundreds of testimonies - raise serious questions about the state's willingness to honestly address the problem of balancing justice and security. The testimonies tell a story of detainees cremated after their court ordered release, of "disappeared" policemen whose names are consistently forgotten, of high-level policemen who portray a simple story of good vs. evil. Even at a time when TADA reigned su- preme, the few judicial niceties still required appeared to be too much for the forces of law and order. Many of those who designed and implemented the policies in Punjab are still active today. They are treated as authorities on the subject of terrorism. At a time of renewed pressure on both courts and police to stop communal violence and pre- vent terrorism, this report should help enable a full discussion of the costs and benefits of previous action. There are many kinds of human rights reports: There are reports that shame, reports that shock, and reports that inform.
Recommended publications
  • Stamps of India Army Postal Covers (APO)
    E-Book - 22. Checklist - Stamps of India Army Postal Covers (A.P.O) By Prem Pues Kumar [email protected] 9029057890 For HOBBY PROMOTION E-BOOKS SERIES - 22. FREE DISTRIBUTION ONLY DO NOT ALTER ANY DATA ISBN - 1st Edition Year - 8th May 2020 [email protected] Prem Pues Kumar 9029057890 Page 1 of 27 Nos. Date/Year Details of Issue 1 2 1971 - 1980 1 01/12/1954 International Control Commission - Indo-China 2 15/01/1962 United Nations Force - Congo 3 15/01/1965 United Nations Emergency Force - Gaza 4 15/01/1965 International Control Commission - Indo-China 5 02/10/1968 International Control Commission - Indo-China 6 15.01.1971 Army Day 7 01.04.1971 Air Force Day 8 01.04.1971 Army Educational Corps 9 04.12.1972 Navy Day 10 15.10.1973 The Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers 11 15.10.1973 Zojila Day, 7th Light Cavalary 12 08.12.1973 Army Service Corps 13 28.01.1974 Institution of Military Engineers, Corps of Engineers Day 14 16.05.1974 Directorate General Armed Forces Medical Services 15 15.01.1975 Armed Forces School of Nursing 03.11.1976 Winners of PVC-1 : Maj. Somnath Sharma, PVC (1923-1947), 4th Bn. The Kumaon 16 Regiment 17 18.07.1977 Winners of PVC-2: CHM Piru Singh, PVC (1916 - 1948), 6th Bn, The Rajputana Rifles. 18 20.10.1977 Battle Honours of The Madras Sappers Head Quarters Madras Engineer Group & Centre 19 21.11.1977 The Parachute Regiment 20 06.02.1978 Winners of PVC-3: Nk.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics of Genocide
    I THE BACKGROUND 2 1 WHY PUNJAB? Exit British, Enter Congress In 1849 the Sikh empire fell to the British army; it was the last of their conquests. Nearly a hundred years later when the British were about to relinquish India they were negotiating with three parties; namely the Congress Party largely supported by Hindus, the Muslim League representing the Muslims and the Akali Dal representing the Sikhs. Before 1849, the Satluj was the boundary between the kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and other Sikh states, such as Patiala (the largest and most influential), Nabha and Jind, Kapurthala, Faridkot, Kulcheter, Kalsia, Buria, Malerkotla (a Muslim state under Sikh protection). Territory under Sikh rulers stretched from the Peshawar to the Jamuna. Those below the Satluj were known as the Cis-Satluj states. 3 In these pre-independence negotiations, the Akalis, led by Master Tara Singh, represented the Sikhs residing in the territory which had once been Ranjit Singh’s kingdom; Yadavindra Singh, Maharaja of Patiala, spoke for the Cis- Satluj states. Because the Sikh population was thinly dispersed all over these areas, the Sikhs felt it was not possible to carve out an entirely separate Sikh state and had allied themselves with the Congress whose policy proclaimed its commitment to the concept of unilingual states with a federal structure and assured the Sikhs that “no future Constitution would be acceptable to the Congress that did not give full satisfaction to the Sikhs.” Gandhi supplemented this assurance by saying: “I ask you to accept my word and the resolution of the Congress that it will not betray a single individual, much less a community ..
    [Show full text]
  • Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract, Ludhiana, Part
    CENSUS OF INDIA 1991 SERIES-20 PUNJAB DISTRICT 'CENSUS HANDBOOK PART XII - A & B VILLAGE &TOWN DIRECTORY VILLAGE & TOWNWISE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT DISTRICT LUDHIANA Director of· Census Operations Punjab I I • G ~ :x: :x: ~.• Q - :r i I I@z@- ~ . -8. till .11:: I I ,~: : ,. 1l •., z ... , z . Q II) · 0 w ::t ; ~ ~ :5 ... ...J .... £ ::::> ~ , U , j:: .. « c.. tJ) ~ 0 w . ~ c.. t,! ' !!; I! 0 II) <> I « w .... ... 0 i3 z « ~ Vi at: 0 U .· [Il (J) W :x: ;::: U Z 0 « « « ii. 0- 0 c;: J: .., Z 0 ... u .~ « a ::::> u_ w t- 0 ;:: : : c.. 0 ... ~ U at: « ~ a ~ '0 x I- : :x: a: II) 0 c.. 0 .. U 0 c.. ... z ~ 0 Iii w ~ 8 « ... ...J :x: :x: « .. U ~~ i5~ ...J « : 0:: ;; 0- II) t: W => ~ C2 oct '"~ w 0- 5: :x: c:i Vi::: ;: 0:: 0 w I.!l .. Iii W I- ... W . ~ « at::x: ~ IJ) ~ i5 U w~ ~ w «z w ... .... ... s: «w> w<t t- <:l .w ~ &:3: :x: 0- 6 e at: ...J :X:z: 0 ulI) U ~ « ... I.!l Z «~ ::::> ";;: « « x <t w« z w. a A 0 z ~ ~ I.!lZ ZH'" « WI :x: .... Z t a0 0 w (l: ' 5: a::: «,.. ;j o .J W :3:x: [Il .... a::: ::::> « ;:: ~ c.. - _,O- Iii I.!l Iii a w « 0- > 0:":: 0 W W tS- [Il ~_ «(l: :x: z . Ul ii1 >s: ::::> .... c.. e, 0:: ui a: w <t. (i -z. « « a0 <[ w I :x: 0 --' m iii ::> :x: ...J « ~ 0- z l- < 0 ::::> 0:: UI t- e/) :g N ...J --' o.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Contemporary India
    OF CONTEMPORARY INDIA Catalogue Of The Papers of Prabhakar Machwe Plot # 2, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, P.O. Rai, Sonepat – 131029, Haryana (India) Dr. Prabhakar Machwe (1917-1991) Prolific writer, linguist and an authority on Indian literature, Dr. Prabhakar Machwe was born on 26 December 1917 at Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. He graduated from Vikram University, Ujjain and obtained Masters in Philosophy, 1937, and English Literature, 1945, Agra University; Sahitya Ratna and Ph.D, Agra University, 1957. Dr. Machwe started his career as a lecturer in Madhav College, Ujjain, 1938-48. He worked as Literary Producer, All India Radio, Nagpur, Allahabad and New Delhi, 1948-54. He was closely associated with Sahitya Akademi from its inception in 1954 and served as Assistant Secretary, 1954-70, and Secretary, 1970-75. Dr. Machwe was Visiting Professor in Indian Studies Departments at the University of Wisconsin and the University of California on a Fulbright and Rockefeller grant (1959-1961); and later Officer on Special Duty (Language) in Union Public Service Commission, 1964-66. After retiring from Sahitya Akademi in 1975, Dr. Machwe was a visiting fellow at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Simla, 1976-77, and Director of Bharatiya Bhasha Parishad, Calcutta, 1979-85. He spent the last years of his life in Indore as Chief Editor of a Hindi daily, Choutha Sansar, 1988-91. Dr. Prabhakar Machwe travelled widely for lecture tours to Germany, Russia, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Japan and Thailand. He organised national and international seminars on the occasion of the birth centenaries of Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, and Sri Aurobindo between 1961 and 1972.
    [Show full text]
  • Roll Number.Pdf
    POST APPLIED FOR :- PEON Roll No. Application No. Name Father’s Name/ Husband’s Name Permanent Address 1 284 Aakash Subash Chander Hno 241/2 Mohalla Nangal Kotli Mandi Gurdaspur 2 792 Aakash Gill Tarsem lal Village Abulkhair Jail Road, Gurdaspur 3 1171 Aakash Masih Joginder Masih Village Chuggewal 4 1014 Aakashdeep Wazir Masih Village Tariza Nagar, PO Dhariwal, Gurdaspur 5 2703 Abhay Saini Parvesh Saini house no DF/350,4 Marla Quarter Ram Nagar Pathankot 6 1739 Abhi Bhavnesh Kumar Ward No. 3, Hno. 282, Kothe Bhim Sen, Dinanagar 7 1307 Abhi Nandan Niranjan Singh VPO Bhavnour, tehsil Mukerian , District Hoshiarpur 8 1722 Abhinandan Mahajan Bhavnesh Mahajan Ward No. 3, Hno. 282, Kothe Bhim Sen, Dinanagar 9 305 Abhishek Danial Hno 145, ward No. 12, Line No. 18A Mill QTR Dhariwal, District Gurdaspur 10 465 Abhishek Rakesh Kumar Hno 1479, Gali No 7, Jagdambe Colony, Majitha Road , Amritsar 11 1441 Abhishek Buta Masih Village Triza Nagar, PO Dhariwal, Gurdaspur 12 2195 Abhishek Vijay Kumar Village Meghian, PO Purana Shalla, Gurdaspur 13 2628 Abhishek Kuldeep Ram VPO Rurkee Tehsil Phillaur District Jalandhar 14 2756 Abhishek Shiv Kumar H.No.29B, Nehru Nagar, Dhaki road, Ward No.26 Pathankot-145001 15 1387 Abhishek Chand Ramesh Chand VPO Sarwali, Tehsil Batala, District Gurdaspur 16 983 Abhishek Dadwal Avresh Singh Village Manwal, PO Tehsil and District Pathankot Page 1 POST APPLIED FOR :- PEON Roll No. Application No. Name Father’s Name/ Husband’s Name Permanent Address 17 603 Abhishek Gautam Kewal Singh VPO Naurangpur, Tehsil Mukerian District Hoshiar pur 18 1805 Abhishek Kumar Ashwani Kumar VPO Kalichpur, Gurdaspur 19 2160 Abhishek Kumar Ravi Kumar VPO Bhatoya, Tehsil and District Gurdaspur 20 1363 Abhishek Rana Satpal Rana Village Kondi, Pauri Garhwal, Uttra Khand.
    [Show full text]
  • Reference Made by the Supreme Court of India on Writ Petition Nos
    Reference made by the Supreme Court of India on Writ Petition Nos. 447/95 and 497/95. CORAM Dr. Justice A.S. Anand Justice Shri Y. Bhaskar Rao, Member Shri R.S. Kalha, Member PRESENT 1. Shri Ashok Agrwaal,Advocate for the petitioners in W.P. No. 447/95, CIIP 2. Shri R. Venkataramani, Amicus Curiae along with Shri Ashok Panigrahi, Advocate 3. Shri C.Gonsalves, Sr, Advocate along with Shri Parminder Singh Grewal, Advocate on behalf of Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in Punjab 4. Shri H.S. Phoolka, Sr. Advocate along with Shri P.S.Grewal and Shri Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Advocates, AFDP/CCDP 5. Shri Navkiran Singh, Advocate on behalf of Smt. Paramjit Kaur & 32 applicants 6. Shri Altaf Ahmad, Senior Advocate along with Shri R.S. Suri, Advocate for the State of Punjab 7. Shri Sudhir Walia, Advocate for Punjab Police Officers 8. Shri H.S. Dhillon, I.G.P. /Commando, Punjab 9. Shri Jagdish Kumar, DIG/Lit, Punjab along with Shri H.S. Sidhu, AIG, Litigation, Punjab 10. Shri I.G. Sindwani, Under Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India 11. Shri Dhan Kishore, Public Prosecutor, CBI ORDER This matter is under consideration of the Commission on a remit from the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. The facts and circumstances under which the reference came to be made require a brief notice at the threshold: Two writ petitions were filed before the Supreme Court of India being W.P. (Crl.) No. 497/95, Paramjit Kaur Vs. State of Punjab and others; and Writ Petition (Crl.) No.
    [Show full text]
  • FOREWORD the Need to Prepare a Clear and Comprehensive Document
    FOREWORD The need to prepare a clear and comprehensive document on the Punjab problem has been felt by the Sikh community for a very long time. With the release of this White Paper, the S.G.P.C. has fulfilled this long-felt need of the community. It takes cognisance of all aspects of the problem-historical, socio-economic, political and ideological. The approach of the Indian Government has been too partisan and negative to take into account a complete perspective of the multidimensional problem. The government White Paper focusses only on the law and order aspect, deliberately ignoring a careful examination of the issues and processes that have compounded the problem. The state, with its aggressive publicity organs, has often, tried to conceal the basic facts and withhold the genocide of the Sikhs conducted in Punjab in the name of restoring peace. Operation Black Out, conducted in full collaboration with the media, has often led to the circulation of one-sided versions of the problem, adding to the poignancy of the plight of the Sikhs. Record has to be put straight for people and posterity. But it requires volumes to make a full disclosure of the long history of betrayal, discrimination, political trickery, murky intrigues, phoney negotiations and repression which has led to blood and tears, trauma and torture for the Sikhs over the past five decades. Moreover, it is not possible to gather full information, without access to government records. This document has been prepared on the basis of available evidence to awaken the voices of all those who love justice to the understanding of the Sikh point of view.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Punjab Is Replete with Its Political Parties Entering Into Mergers, Post-Election Coalitions and Pre-Election Alliances
    COALITION POLITICS IN PUNJAB* PRAMOD KUMAR The history of Punjab is replete with its political parties entering into mergers, post-election coalitions and pre-election alliances. Pre-election electoral alliances are a more recent phenomenon, occasional seat adjustments, notwithstanding. While the mergers have been with parties offering a competing support base (Congress and Akalis) the post-election coalition and pre-election alliance have been among parties drawing upon sectional interests. As such there have been two main groupings. One led by the Congress, partnered by the communists, and the other consisting of the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) has moulded itself to joining any grouping as per its needs. Fringe groups that sprout from time to time, position themselves vis-à-vis the main groups to play the spoiler’s role in the elections. These groups are formed around common minimum programmes which have been used mainly to defend the alliances rather than nurture the ideological basis. For instance, the BJP, in alliance with the Akali Dal, finds it difficult to make the Anti-Terrorist Act, POTA, a main election issue, since the Akalis had been at the receiving end of state repression in the early ‘90s. The Akalis, in alliance with the BJP, cannot revive their anti-Centre political plank. And the Congress finds it difficult to talk about economic liberalisation, as it has to take into account the sensitivities of its main ally, the CPI, which has campaigned against the WTO regime. The implications of this situation can be better understood by recalling the politics that has led to these alliances.
    [Show full text]
  • Repair Programme 2018-19 Administr Ative Detail of Repair Sr
    Repair Programme 2018-19 Administr ative Detail of Repair Sr. Approval Name of Name Xen/Mobile No. Distt. MC Name of Work No. Strengthe Premix Contractor/Agency Name of SDO/Mobile No. Length Cost Raising ning Carepet in in Km. in lacs in Km in Km Km 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er. 1 Gurdaspur Batala SAROOPWALI TO AMRITSAR ROAD 1.05 14.54 0.07 0.98 1.05 A.B.S Engineers Amandeep Singh=7355700300 TALWANDI BHARTH TO SHAMSHAN Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er. 2 Gurdaspur Batala 1.58 23.15 0.24 0.96 1.5 A.B.S Engineers GHAT UPTO PMGSY ROAD Amandeep Singh=7355700300 SAIDPUR KALAN SHAMSHANGHAT Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er. 3 Gurdaspur Batala ROAD TO KASTIWAL ROAD 1.7 18.39 1.49 1.7 A.B.S Engineers Amandeep Singh=7355700300 ALONGWITH CANAL BT-FGC road to Bullowal Khokhar Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er. 4 Gurdaspur Batala 2.65 26.1 1.18 2.65 A.B.S Engineers UPTO SHANKARPUR ROAD Amandeep Singh=7355700300 BATALA SGHPUR ROAD TO Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er. 5 Gurdaspur Batala 1.81 21.99 1.39 1.81 C.&C Construction Co. PARTAPGARH AND PHIRNI Amandeep Singh=7355700300 BATALA,S.H.G PUR,BAHADUR- Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er. 6 Gurdaspur Batala 1.31 19.35 0.42 0.73 1.31 C.&C Construction Co. HUSSAIN AND PHIRNI Amandeep Singh=7355700300 BATALA,BEAS,CHAHAL-KHURD, Er. Anup Singh=98150-63540 Er.
    [Show full text]
  • IJSA December 2008
    THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SIKH AFFAIRS NOVEMBER 2008 Volume 18 No. 2 Published By: The Sikh Educational Trust Box 60246 University of Alberta Postal Outlet EDMONTON, Alberta CANADA ISSN 1481-5435 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.yahoogroups.com/group/IntJSA INTERNATIONAL JOURNA L OF SIKH AFFAIRS Editorial Board Founded by: Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer Editorial Advisors Dr S S Dhami, MD Dr B S Samagh Dr Surjit Singh Prof Gurtej Singh, IAS Dr R S Dhadli New York, USA Ottawa, CANADA Williamsville, NY Chandigarh Troy, USA J S Dhillon “Arshi” M S Randhawa Usman Khalid Dr Sukhjit Kaur Gill Gurmit Singh Khalsa MALAYSIA Ft. Lauderdale, FL Editor, LISA Journal Chandigarh AUSTRALIA Dr Sukhpreet Singh Udhoke PUNJAB Managing Editor and Acting Editor in Chief: Dr Awatar Singh Sekhon The Sikh Educational Trust Box 60246, University of Alberta Postal Outlet EDMONTON, AB T6G 2S5 CANADA E-mail:<[email protected]> NOTE: Views presented by the authors in their contributions in the journal are their own and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editor in Chief, the Editorial Advisors, or the publisher. SUBCRIPTION: US$75.00 per anum plus 6% GST plus postage and handling (by surface mail) for institutions and multiple users. Personal copies: US$25.00 plus &% GST plus postage and handling (surface mail). Orders for the current and forthcoming issues may be placed with the Sikh Educational Trust, Box 60246, Univ of AB Postal Outlet, EDMONTON, AB T6G 2S5 CANADA. E-mail: [email protected] The Sikh Leaders, Freedom Fighters and Intellectuals To bring an end to tyranny it is a must to punish the terrorist -Baba (General) Banda Singh Bahadar Sikhs have only two options: slavery of the Hindus or struggle for their lost sovereignty and freedom -Sirdar Kapur Singh, ICS, MP, MLA and National Professor of Sikhism I am not afraid of physical death; moral death is death in reality Saint-soldier Jarnail Singh Khalsa Martyrdom is our orn a m e n t -Bhai Awtar Singh Brahma (General) We do not fear the terrorist Hindu regime.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of Infamy in Roman
    International Comparative Jurisprudence 2017 Volume 3 Issue 1 ISSN 2351-6674 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/j.icj. 2017.03.006 VICTOR’S LAW?: COLONIAL PEOPLES, WORLD WAR II AND INTERNATIONAL LAW1 Radha D'Souza2 University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom E-mails: [email protected] Received 26 June 2016; accepted 27 February 2017 Abstract. Contemporary world order rests on a fault-line. On the one hand it is an interstate system founded on the legal equality of all states. On the other hand it establishes institutions that privilege a small number of states in economy and politics. This article examines the fault-line, which has widened in recent times and threatens to destabilise the order established after the end of World War II. The ‘world’ in World wars is because of the global scope of the inter-European wars. The world wars were fought over colonies, in colonial territories, with the manpower and material resources of the colonies. Yet dominant narratives about the world wars speak about the wars as a European war between European nations and write-out colonial questions, colonial contributions and more importantly for this article the colonial impulses in the writing of contemporary international law and establishment of international organisations. This paper examines the human, monetary and material contributions of India in World War II. Britain was the preeminent Empire during the world wars and India the ‘jewel in the British Crown’. India was crucial to British conduct of the world wars. At the same time racism and repression during the interwar period fuelled powerful anti-colonial movements in India.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E1309 HON. GARY L. ACKERMAN HON. EDOLPHUS TOWNS
    June 21, 2005 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1309 the academy.’’ The bill directed the Air Force In 2000, Deborah married her long-time best for raising the Sikh flag and making speeches. to develop a plan to ensure that the academy friend, Alvin Benjamin of Glen Head, New The Movement Against State Repression re- maintains a climate free from coercive reli- York. Alvin is the Owner/President of Ben- ports that over 52,000 Sikhs are political pris- gious intimidation and inappropriate proselyt- jamin Development in Garden City, New York. oners in ‘‘the world’s largest democracy.’’ izing. They currently reside in Glen Head, Manhat- More than a quarter of a million Sikhs have As a Coloradan and a Member of the tan, and Highland Beach, Florida. been murdered, according to figures compiled Armed Services Committee, I have been fol- Since her retirement, Mrs. Benjamin has de- from the Punjab State Magistracy. lowing this matter closely and have noted that voted much of her time to charitable organiza- Sikhs are only one of India’s targets. Other Lt. Gen. John Rosa, the Academy’s super- tions dedicated to improving the lives of chil- minorities such as Christians, Muslims, and intendent, has said that the problem is ‘‘some- dren. She is most actively involved with the others have also been subjected to tyrannical thing that keeps me awake at night,’’ and esti- Fanconi Anemia Research Fund, which is repression. More than 300,000 Christians mated it will take 6 years to fix. dedicated to finding a cure for this rare, but have been killed in Nagaland, and thousands The good news is that several reviews of serious blood disease.
    [Show full text]