A Language for Interactive Audio Applications
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The Viability of the Web Browser As a Computer Music Platform
Lonce Wyse and Srikumar Subramanian The Viability of the Web Communications and New Media Department National University of Singapore Blk AS6, #03-41 Browser as a Computer 11 Computing Drive Singapore 117416 Music Platform [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: The computer music community has historically pushed the boundaries of technologies for music-making, using and developing cutting-edge computing, communication, and interfaces in a wide variety of creative practices to meet exacting standards of quality. Several separate systems and protocols have been developed to serve this community, such as Max/MSP and Pd for synthesis and teaching, JackTrip for networked audio, MIDI/OSC for communication, as well as Max/MSP and TouchOSC for interface design, to name a few. With the still-nascent Web Audio API standard and related technologies, we are now, more than ever, seeing an increase in these capabilities and their integration in a single ubiquitous platform: the Web browser. In this article, we examine the suitability of the Web browser as a computer music platform in critical aspects of audio synthesis, timing, I/O, and communication. We focus on the new Web Audio API and situate it in the context of associated technologies to understand how well they together can be expected to meet the musical, computational, and development needs of the computer music community. We identify timing and extensibility as two key areas that still need work in order to meet those needs. To date, despite the work of a few intrepid musical Why would musicians care about working in explorers, the Web browser platform has not been the browser, a platform not specifically designed widely considered as a viable platform for the de- for computer music? Max/MSP is an example of a velopment of computer music. -
An Investigation of Audio Signal-Driven Sound Synthesis with a Focus on Its Use for Bowed Stringed Synthesisers
AN INVESTIGATION OF AUDIO SIGNAL-DRIVEN SOUND SYNTHESIS WITH A FOCUS ON ITS USE FOR BOWED STRINGED SYNTHESISERS by CORNELIUS POEPEL A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Music The University of Birmingham June 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Motivation 10 2.1 Personal Experiences . 10 2.2 Using Potentials . 14 2.3 Human-Computer Interaction in Music . 15 3 Design of Interactive Digital Audio Systems 21 3.1 From Idea to Application . 24 3.2 System Requirements . 26 3.3 Formalisation . 30 3.4 Specification . 32 3.5 Abstraction . 33 3.6 Models . 36 3.7 Formal Specification . 39 3.8 Verification . 41 4 Related Research 44 4.1 Research Field . 44 i CONTENTS ii 4.1.1 Two Directions in the Design of Musical Interfaces . 46 4.1.2 Controlling a Synthesis Engine . 47 4.1.3 Building an Interface for a Trained Performer . 48 4.2 Computer-Based Stringed Instruments . 49 4.3 Using Sensors . -
Interactive On-Line Testing of Java and Audio Support on Web Browsers
HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical and Communications Engineering Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing Eduardo García Barrachina Interactive On-line Testing of Java and Audio Support on Web Browsers Master’s Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Technology. Espoo, Nov 25, 2003 Supervisor: Professor Matti Karjalainen Instructors: Martti Rahkila HELSINKI UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT OF THE OF TECHNOLOGY MASTER'S THESIS Author: Eduardo García Barrachina Name of the thesis: Interactive On-line Testing of Java and Audio Support on Web Browsers Date: Nov 25, 2003 Number of pages: 83 Department: Electrical and Communications Engineering Professorship: S-89 Supervisor: Prof. Matti Karjalainen Instructors: Martti Rahkila M.Sc. (Tech.) This Master’s Thesis deals with on-line testing of web browser capabilities. In particular, we are interested in determining whether the Java platform is present on a given host machine and if certain sound samples can be played through the use of Java applets. To achieve these goals a testing application has been developed. The tests try to determine whether the browser accessing the application has any kind of Java support. If this is the case, some sound samples are played through the use of Java applets to find out the audio capabilities of the system. Help concerning the enabling of the Java platform and the correct audio (both hardware and software) settings is made available for the user. The application tests for different Java graphical interfaces such as AWT and Swing and tries to play different audio formats such as au, wav or aiff with the use of Java applets. -
The Web Browser As Synthesizer and Interface
The Web Browser As Synthesizer And Interface Charles Roberts Graham Wakefield Matthew Wright Media Arts and Technology Graduate School of Culture Media Arts and Technology Program Technology Program University of California KAIST University of California at Santa Barbara Daejon, Republic of Korea at Santa Barbara [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT having to learn the quirks and eccentricities of JavaScript, Our research examines the use and potential of native web HTML and CSS simultaneously. We designed the syntax technologies for musical expression. We introduce two Java- of Gibberish.js and Interface.js so that they can be utilized, Script libraries towards this end: Gibberish.js, a heavily op- both independently or in conjunction, almost entirely using timized audio DSP library, and Interface.js, a GUI toolkit JavaScript alone, requiring a bare minimum of HTML and that works with mouse, touch and motion events. Together absolutely no CSS (see Section 5). The library downloads these libraries provide a complete system for defining musi- include template projects that enable programmers to safely cal instruments that can be used in both desktop and mobile ignore the HTML components and begin coding interfaces web browsers. Interface.js also enables control of remote and signal processing in JavaScript immediately. synthesis applications via a server application that trans- lates the socket protocol used by web interfaces into both 2. PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES OF MIDI and OSC messages. THE WEB AUDIO API In 2011 Google introduced the Web Audio API[14] and in- Keywords corporated supporting libraries into its Chrome browser. -
Adaptive Music on the Web
ADAPTIVE MUSIC ON THE WEB Wayne Siegel, professor Ole Caprani, associate professor DIEM Department of Computer Science Royal Academy of Music University of Aarhus Skovgaardsgade 2C Aabogade 34 Aarhus, Denmark Aarhus, Denmark ABSTRACT project was to further develop musical forms specifically created for web publication. The project Adaptive Music on the Web was initiated by DIEM in 2004 and realized in collaboration with 2. DEFINITION AND DOGMA the Department of Computer Science at the University of Aarhus with the support of a generous grant from The Heritage Agency of Denmark under 2.1. Definition auspices of the Danish Ministry of Culture. The goal of the project was to develop new musical paradigms Adaptive music can be defined as music that can be that allow the listener to influence and alter a piece of controlled and influenced by a non-expert end user or music while listening within the context of a common listener, either consciously or subconsciously. web browser. Adaptive Music might be considered a subcategory of A set of artistic and technical definitions and interactive music [1]. But while interactive music guidelines for creating adaptive music for web generally refers to a musical situation involving a publication were developed. The technical trained musician interacting with a computer program, possibilities and limitations of presenting adaptive adaptive music involves a non-expert user interacting music on the web were studied. A programming with a computer program. The term adaptive music is environment was selected for the implementation of sometimes used in the context of computer games, adaptive musical works. A group of electronic music referring to music that adapts as a result of game play. -
An Audio Synthesis Library in C for Embedded (And Other) Applications
OOPS: An Audio Synthesis Library in C for Embedded (and Other) Applications Michael Mulshine Jeff Snyder Princeton University Princeton University 310 Woolworth Center 310 Woolworth Center Princeton, NJ 08544 Princeton, NJ 08544 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT RT Linux1 to make audio and analog/digital input process- This paper introduces an audio synthesis library written in ing the highest priority (even above the operating system). C with \object oriented" programming principles in mind. For many researchers, installation artists, and instrument We call it OOPS: Object-Oriented Programming for Sound, builders, this solution meets their needs. or, \Oops, it's not quite Object-Oriented Programming in If the developer's goal is to affordably build attractive C." The library consists of several UGens (audio compo- sound installations and standalone electronic musical in- nents) and a framework to manage these components. The struments, the aforementioned embedded computers aren't design emphases of the library are efficiency and organiza- always suitable. They are expensive and, depending on tional simplicity, with particular attention to the needs of the physical design specifications of an application, some- embedded systems audio development. what bulky. Embedded Linux computers have compara- tively high current demands, and have little control over power consumption. Furthermore, they generally rely on Author Keywords 3rd-party hardware, which may cause issues if the project has commercialization goals. Library, Audio, Synthesis, C, Object-Oriented, Embedded, We opt instead to use 32-bit microcontrollers, such as DSP the STM32F7 [14]. These microcontrollers are small, inex- pensive, and low-power. They run \bare-metal," indepen- ACM Classification dent of an operating system, using only interrupts to con- trol program flow.