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Orphan Works and Mass Digitization Report
united states copyright office Orphan Works and Mass Digitization a report of the register of copyrights june 2015 united states copyright office Orphan Works and Mass Digitization a report of the register of copyrights june 2015 U.S. Copyright Office Orphan Works and Mass Digitization ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This Report reflects the dedication and expertise of the Office of Policy and International Affairs at the U.S. Copyright Office. Karyn Temple Claggett, Associate Register of Copyrights and Director of Policy and International Affairs, managed the overall study process, including coordination of the public comments and roundtable hearings, analysis, drafting, and recommendations. I am also extremely grateful to Senior Counsel Kevin Amer and Attorney- Advisor Chris Weston (Office of the General Counsel), who served as the principal authors of the Report and made numerous important contributions throughout the study process. Senior Advisor to the Register Catie Rowland and Attorney-Advisor Frank Muller played a significant role during the early stages of the study, providing research, drafting, and coordination of the public roundtable discussions. In addition, Ms. Rowland and Maria Strong, Deputy Director of Policy and International Affairs, reviewed a draft of the Report and provided important insights. Barbara A. Ringer Fellows Michelle Choe and Donald Stevens provided helpful research and analysis for several sections of the Report. Senior Counsel Kimberley Isbell, Counsels Brad Greenberg and Aurelia Schultz, Attorney-Advisors Katie Alvarez and Aaron Watson, and Law Clerk Konstantia Katsouli contributed valuable research and citation assistance. Finally, I would like to thank the many interested parties who participated in the public roundtables and submitted written comments to the Office. -
An End to Antisemitism!
Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds An End to Antisemitism! Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman Volume 5 Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds Edited by Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, and Lawrence H. Schiffman ISBN 978-3-11-058243-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-067196-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-067203-9 DOI https://10.1515/9783110671964 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For details go to https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number: 2021931477 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2021 Armin Lange, Kerstin Mayerhofer, Dina Porat, Lawrence H. Schiffman, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com Cover image: Illustration by Tayler Culligan (https://dribbble.com/taylerculligan). With friendly permission of Chicago Booth Review. Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com TableofContents Preface and Acknowledgements IX LisaJacobs, Armin Lange, and Kerstin Mayerhofer Confronting Antisemitism in Modern Media, the Legal and Political Worlds: Introduction 1 Confronting Antisemitism through Critical Reflection/Approaches -
Orphan Works, Mass Rights Clearance, and Online Libraries
Ringnalda.qxd 1 Orphan Works, Mass Rights Clearance, and Allard Ringnalda Online Libraries: The Flaws of the Draft Orphan Works Directive and Extended Collective Licensing as a Solution 1. Introduction European lawmakers have recently shown a profound interest in copyright law as an obstacle to the creation of Allard Ringnalda, Project researcher, Centre for online digital libraries. Unfortunately, a new directive that is Intellectual Property Law, Molengraaff Institute soon to be proposed to remove these obstacles suggests for Private Law, Utrecht University; PhD resear- that they have focused on the wrong problem. It provides a cher, Willem Pompe Institute for Criminal Law solution for the problem of orphan works: the many copy- and Criminology and the Department of legal righted works whose rightsholders are unknown or unloca- theory, Utrecht University. table. These orphan works cannot be used in a manner that The author would like to thank Rebecka Zinser and requires the rightsholder’s consent.1) With a new Orphan Willem Grosheide for their comments on earlier drafts. Works Directive, the Commission aims to facilitate the ex- The usual disclaimer applies. pansion of Europeana, the non-profit online library that should disseminate the digitised collections of all European national libraries. The problem of orphan works obviously stands in the way of a successful online library: if copyrights cannot be cleared, copyrighted works cannot be digitised and made available online. However, in this article, I shall propose and defend two claims. First, that the issue of orphan works is not the main hurdle on the way to a successful Europeana. Instead, the orphan works problem is only a symptom of a much larger issue: the inability to clear copyrights for the mass digitization and online dissemination of entire library collections. -
COPYRIGHT FORMALITIES in the INTERNET AGE: FILTERS of PROTECTION OR FACILITATORS of LICENSING Stef Van Gompel †
COPYRIGHT FORMALITIES IN THE INTERNET AGE: FILTERS OF PROTECTION OR FACILITATORS OF LICENSING Stef van Gompel † I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1426 II. MAPPING THE OBJECTIVES ................................................................. 1430 A. HIERARCHY OF OBJECTIVES................................................................. 1430 B. LEGAL CERTAINTY THROUGH FACILITATION OF RIGHTS CLEARANCE AND ENLARGEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN ........ 1431 III. THE DIFFERENT FLAVORS OF COPYRIGHT FORMALITIES ................................................................................................ 1435 A. TYPES OF FORMALITIES ......................................................................... 1435 B. VOLUNTARY VERSUS MANDATORY FORMALITIES .......................... 1437 C. LEGAL EFFECTS OF FORMALITIES ...................................................... 1438 IV. ENLARGING THE PUBLIC DOMAIN ................................................ 1440 A. MAKING COPYRIGHT CONDITIONAL ON MANDATORY FORMALITIES ........................................................................................... 1441 B. MANDATORY REGISTRATION AFTER LIFE-PLUS-FIFTY YEARS ........................................................................................................ 1444 C. ENCOURAGING THE VOLUNTARY ABANDONMENT OF COPYRIGHT .............................................................................................. 1445 V. FACILITATING THE CLEARANCE OF RIGHTS ......................... -
Investing in Renewable Energy Projects in Europe Dentons' Guide
Investing in renewable energy projects in Europe Dentons’ Guide 2021 Data partner Welcome Dentons Europe is delighted to and other countries in our region, present the 2021 edition of our which are no less ambitious in Guide to investing in renewable their implementation of plans energy projects in Europe. Our and measures. We are also publication grows in stature every fortunate to be joined by leaders year, just as renewables become like BloombergNEF, WindEurope, ever more central to Europe’s SolarPower Europe, and energy mix, contributing to the Cummins Inc., who have all modernization and strengthening added so much to this Guide. of the economies in our region. Welcome to the 2021 edition of our With the global drive to a green Guide to investing in renewable recovery, renewables have gained energy projects in Europe. Let it even greater prominence be a small contribution to your as Europe’s leading example plans, whether you are deciding of balanced, yet sustainable on a new project or renewables development, in a world where investment, or are simply looking what matters is not only how to better understand where we are prosperous and rich we are, but also heading across Europe, towards how we can positively contribute a better, greener and economically to the wellbeing of present and viable future. future generations. Colleagues from more than Arkadiusz Krasnodębski 20 jurisdictions have prepared Head of Europe Energy group, a concise overview of renewables Dentons developments at various policy levels – the EU, member states dentons.com • 3 Foreword There is no doubt that 2020 was Union, the UK, Japan and South a testing year. -
Gillian Rodríguez June 2015
The Potential Manifestation of Place as a Brand Component of Regional Meat: The Cases of Cumbrian Salt Marsh Lamb and Herdwick Lamb Gillian Rodríguez School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Newcastle University Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2015 School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development Newcastle University The Potential Manifestation of Place as a Brand Component of Regional Meat: The Cases of Cumbrian Salt Marsh Lamb and Herdwick Lamb Gillian Rodríguez Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ii Abstract Purpose – the purpose of this research is to explore respondents’ knowledge of regional foods including the pre-product stage i.e. in the landscape. Herdwick lamb and Cumbrian salt marsh lamb are both highly visible in the landscape and form part of the ‘lifescape’ of local residents. Design/method/approach – taking a phenomenological stance the research examines the experiential claims of respondents; means-end chain analysis was selected to gather customer values relating to this broader product concept. Ladder maps were drawn up for each of two sets of twenty respondents residing in the production region of either lamb. Hierarchical value maps are produced to reveal salient connections. Findings – show that respondents hold a very wide range of perceptions, experiences and associations with the ‘pre-products’, which influences their judgement about the freshness, flavour, quality of the meat. The ability to fulfil other functions by buying regional meat became apparent, in particular the need to make a contribution to the local economy, to support the ecology, and to know the place through community interaction. -
IS U.S. GOVERNMENT DEBT DIFFERENT? I
IS U.S. GOVERNMENT DEBT DIFFERENT? i IS U.S. GOVERNMENT DEBT DIFFERENT? ii iii IS U.S. GOVERNMENT DEBT DIFFERENT? EDITED BY Franklin Allen Anna Gelpern Charles Mooney David Skeel AUTHORS Donald S. Bernstein William W. Bratton Peter R. Fisher Richard J. Herring James R. Hines Jr. Howell E. Jackson Jeremy Kreisberg James Kwak Deborah Lucas Michael W. McConnell Jim Millstein Charles W. Mooney Jr. Kelley O’Mara Zoltan Pozsar Steven L. Schwarcz Richard Squire Richard Sylla FIC Press Philadelphia, USA iv Published by FIC Press 2405 Steinberg Hall - Dietrich Hall 3620 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104-6367 USA First Published 2012 ISBN 978-0-9836469-9-0 (paperback) ISBN 978-0-9836469-8-3 (e-book version) Cover artwork, design and layout by Christopher Trollen v Contents The Contributors ix Acknowledgments xxi PREFACE xxiii by Anna Gelpern 1 U.S. Government Debt Has Always Been Different! 1 Richard Sylla 2 A World Without Treasuries? 13 William W. Bratton 3 Default and the International Role of the Dollar 21 Richard J. Herring 4 A Macro View of Shadow Banking: Do T-Bill Shortages Pose a New Triffin Dilemma? 35 Zoltan Pozsar 5 Origins of the Fiscal Constitution 45 Michael W. McConnell 6 The 2011 ebtD Ceiling Impasse Revisited 55 Howell E. Jackson 7 A Market for End-of-the-World Insurance? Credit Default Swaps on US Government Debt 69 Richard Squire vi Contents 8 Thoughts on ebtD Sustainability: Supply and Demand Keynote Remarks 87 Peter R. Fisher 9 The ederalF Debt: Assessing the Capacity to Pay 101 Deborah Lucas 10 TheTax Revenue Capacity of the U.S. -
Public Feed Back for Better Banknote Design 2 Central Bank and Prudential Supervisor of Financial Institutions
Occasional Studies Vol.5/No.2 (2007) Hans de Heij Public feed back for better banknote design 2 Central bank and prudential supervisor of financial institutions ©2007 De Nederlandsche Bank nv Author: Hans de Heij e-mail: [email protected] The aim of the Occasional Studies is to disseminate thinking on policy and analytical issues in areas relevant to the Bank. Views expressed are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of De Nederlandsche Bank. Editorial Committee: Jan Marc Berk (chairman), Eelco van den Berg (secretary), Hans Brits, Maria Demertzis, Peter van Els, Jan Willem van den End, Maarten Gelderman, Klaas Knot, Bram Scholten and Job Swank. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of De Nederlandsche Bank. Subscription orders for dnb Occasional Studies and requests for specimen copies should be sent to: De Nederlandsche Bank nv Communications p.o. Box 98 1000 ab Amsterdam The Netherlands Internet: www.dnb.nl Public feed back for better banknote design 2 Public feed back for better banknote design 2 Hans A.M. de Heij De Nederlandsche Bank nv, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract Developers of new banknotes can optimise banknote designs by making use of 1) public feedback, 2) strategic communication policy, 3) a design philosophy and 4) the stakeholders’ approach reflected in a Programme of Requirements. The synthesis of these four elements will lead to new design concepts for banknotes, as illustrated in this article. -
Power Africa Transactions and Reforms Program: Final Report
POWER AFRICA TRANSACTIONS AND REFORMS PROGRAM FINAL REPORT POWER AFRICA TRANSACTIONS AND REFORMS PROGRAM FINAL REPORT DECEMBER 2019 Submitted by: O. LLYR ROWLANDS, CHIEF OF PARTY TETRA TECH ES, INC. 1320 N. COURTHOUSE ROAD, SUITE 600 ARLINGTON, VA 22201 EMAIL: [email protected] CONTRACT NUMBER: AID-623-C-14-00003 MAY 23, 2014 TO NOVEMBER 23, 2019 DISCLAIMER The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Tetra Tech ES, Inc. Photo by Ryan Kilpatrick CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 2. INTRODUCTION 6 East Africa 9 Liberia 73 Djibouti 19 Nigeria 79 Ethiopia 23 Senegal 88 Kenya 31 Southern Africa 95 3. RESULTS 9 Rwanda 44 Angola 98 Tanzania 49 Malawi 101 West Africa 56 Zambia 103 Ghana 65 Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) 107 Power Africa Tracking Tool (PATT) 109 4. SUPPORT TO THE Power Africa Partners 110 COORDINATOR’S Gender Integration 111 Environmental and Social Due Diligence 113 OFFICE 107 Communications 117 Strategy Documents 121 5. CHALLENGES & Challenges 124 LESSONS Lessons Learned 125 LEARNED 124 6. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE POWER AFRICA SUPPORT 128 APPENDIX A: PATRP RESULTS 135 APPENDIX B: PATRP ACRONYMS 144 PATRP FINAL REPORT 1 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Launched in 2013, Power Africa is This final report details PATRP’s activities during contract implementation (May 2014 to November 2019), a U.S. Government-led partnership, which included transaction advisory support for power coordinated by the United generation projects, assistance to off-grid electrification efforts, energy sector policy and regulatory support to States Agency for International African governments, and a range of other work streams Development (USAID), that brings designed to achieve Power Africa’s goals. -
Newsletter, November 2017
NEWSLETTER November 2017 Issue no. 50 Photograph © Robin Morris http://eg.iop.org Energy Group Newsletter November 2017 Chair’s remarks Welcome to the latest newsletter from the Energy Group, with guest editor John Twidell. John had reached the maximum term on the committee but kindly offered to edit an edition of our newsletter. We are grateful for his continued contribution. I hope you enjoy his perspective. Thank you to all those who participated in our survey and for suggestions of newsletter themes. The responses are analysed later in this issue. They provided very useful feedback – including enthusiastic support for themed newsletters. Apologies for technical problems, which had left the May 2016 issue on the group pages for over a year. One research student, Cian McKeown, made use of financial support offered by the IOP Research Student Conference Fund to attend a major international meeting. His short report appears in this newsletter. I hope Cian’s experience will encourage other student members to consider applying for a travel bursary from the conference fund. Committee members Jenny Love and Neil Hewitt developed a very interesting day meeting on advances in integration of heat pumps. We responded to member requests for meetings outside London and this event was to be hosted the School of Engineering at Warwick University. The generous offer of the use of meeting facilities helped support very modest registration fees. It is very disappointing that we had to cancel this meeting, as only a few people had registered. We look forward to the opportunities to organise a richer programme when the new IOP headquarters opens. -
The EU Copyright Legislation
The EU copyright legislation The EU copyright law consists of 11 directives and 2 regulations, harmonising the essential rights of authors, performers, producers and broadcasters. © iStock by Getty Images -1206970822 Melpomenem By setting harmonised standards, EU copyright law reduces national discrepancies, and guarantees the level of protection needed to foster creativity and investment in creativity. Harmonised standards promote cultural diversity and bring better access for consumers and business to digital content and services across Europe. The EU acquis The EU's regulatory framework for copyright and neighbouring rights (acquis) consists of: Directive on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society ('InfoSoc Directive'), 22 May 2001 Directive on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property ('Rental and Lending Directive'), 12 December 2006 Directive on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art ('Resale Right Directive'), 27 September 2001 Directive on the coordination of certain rules concerning copyright and rights related to copyright applicable to satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission ('Satellite and Cable Directive'), 27 September 1993 Directive on the legal protection of computer programs ('Software Directive'), 23 April 2009 Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property right ('IPRED'), 29 April 2004 Directive on the legal protection of databases ('Database Directive'), -
IRIS Plus 2017-1: Exceptions and Limitations to Copyright
Exceptions and limitations to copyright IRIS Plus IRIS Plus 2017-1 Exceptions and limitations to copyright European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2017 ISSN 2079-1062 ISBN 978-92-871-8470-2 (print edition) Director of publication – Susanne Nikoltchev, Executive Director Editorial supervision – Maja Cappello, Head of Department for Legal Information Editorial team – Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, Sophie Valais European Audiovisual Observatory Authors Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, Maja Cappello, Gilles Fontaine, Sophie Valais European Audiovisual Observatory Translation Marco Polo Sarl, Roland Schmid Proofreading Philippe Chesnel, Johanna Fell, Jackie McLelland Editorial assistant – Sabine Bouajaja Marketing – Markus Booms, [email protected] Press and Public Relations – Alison Hindhaugh, [email protected] European Audiovisual Observatory Publisher European Audiovisual Observatory 76, allée de la Robertsau, 67000 Strasbourg, France Tel.: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 00 Fax: +33 (0)3 90 21 60 19 [email protected] www.obs.coe.int Cover layout – ALTRAN, France Please quote this publication as Cabrera Blázquez F.J., Cappello M., Fontaine G., Valais S., Exceptions and limitations to copyright, IRIS Plus, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2017 © European Audiovisual Observatory (Council of Europe), Strasbourg, 2017 Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of the Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe. Exceptions and limitations to copyright Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez Maja Cappello Gilles Fontaine Sophie Valais Foreword In the beginning, information was free. “Not who said it, but what was said - this was what mattered”.1 But with time, as soon as the connection between information and power, including religious power, became clear, copyright was introduced as a property right, with privileges to those who would take care of reproducing written texts, either manually, as in the case of monks, or in print after Gutenberg’s era, and distributing them to a wider audience.