E1912 V1 Public Disclosure Authorized

Guizhou Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project

Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Assessment

Public Disclosure Authorized Guiyang Hydropower Investigation Design & Research Institute China Hydropower Engineering Consultation Group Corporation

September 18, 2008

Public Disclosure Authorized

i Table of Contents 1 Introduction...... 1 1.1 Project Background...... 1 1.2 Overview of EIA...... 1 2 EIA Preparation...... 3 2.1 EIA Classification...... 3 2.2 Basis for EIA Preparation...... 4 2.2.1 Laws and Regulations...... 4 2.2.2 Documents...... 5 2.2.3 Screening of World Bank’s Safeguard Policies...... 5 2.3 Applicable Standards...... 5 2.3.1 Environmental Standards ...... 5 2.3.2 Standards for Pollutant Discharge...... 6 2.4 Assessment Scope ...... 12 2.5 Assessment Methods ...... 12 3 Project Description...... 12 3.1 Project Objective ...... 12 3.2 Overview of the Project ...... 13 3.2.1 Minority Cultural Heritage Protection in Villages...... 13 3.2.2 Ancient Town Protection ...... 13 3.2.3 Natural Heritage Protection and Utilization...... 14 3.2.4 Heritage Protection and Tourism Service Facilities Construction in Gateway Cities 14 3.2.5 Technical Assistance ...... 14 3.3 Description of Project...... 15 3.3.1 Location and Investment ...... 15 3.3.2 Description of Facilities...... 19 3.3.3 Generic Design ...... 19 3.3.4 Typical and Special Works ...... 20 3.3.5 Construction Period...... 24 4 Policy and Legal Framework ...... 25 4.1 Policy Framework...... 25 4.1.1 Overview of Guizhou Provicnial Tourism Development Master Plan...... 25 4.1.2 Relation with the Master Plan ...... 25 4.1.3 Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Plan 2006...... 27 4.1.4 Guizhou Eleventh Five Year Socio-ecnomic Plan ...... 27 4.1.5 Other Relevant Documents...... 28 4.2 Legal Framework...... 28 4.2.1 Cultural Heritage Protection...... 28 4.2.2 Environmental Assessment...... 30 4.2.3 Geological Relics Protection ...... 30 4.2.4 Scenic Area Planning...... 32 4.3 Institutional Arrangement ...... 33 5 Baseline Conditions...... 34 5.1 General ...... 34 5.1.1 Geographic Location ...... 34 5.1.2 Meteorological Condition...... 34 5.1.3 History...... 34 5.2 Socio-Economic Conditions...... 34 5.2.1 Demographics and Population...... 34 5.2.2 Ethnic Minorites...... 34 5.2.3 Economy and Poverty...... 35 5.3 Administrative Districts ...... 35 5.4 Natural Resources...... 35

ii 5.4.1 Biodiversity...... 35 5.4.2 Surface Water...... 36 5.5 Cultural and Natural Heritage Assets ...... 36 5.5.1 World Natural Heritage...... 36 5.5.2 Other Areas of Global Significance...... 36 5.5.3 National Cultural and Natural Heritages...... 37 5.5.4 Other Cultural and Natural Heritages ...... 37 5.6 Cultural and Natural Heritages in Project Area...... 38 5.6.1 Scenic Areas...... 38 5.6.2 Geo-Parks...... 40 5.6.3 Protected Cultural Relics Unit...... 42 5.6.4 Famous Historical and Cultural Town ...... 43 5.6.5 Other Cultural Heritages...... 43 5.7 Environmental Management...... 46 5.7.1 Solid Waste Management ...... 46 5.7.2 Wastewater Treatment...... 47 5.8 Environmental Baseline in Project Cities...... 47 5.8.1 Environmental Concerns ...... 47 5.8.2 Environmental Monitoring Results ...... 48 6 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation...... 53 6.1 Social Impacts and Benefits ...... 53 6.1.1 Social Impacts at Strategic/Provincial Level...... 53 6.1.2 Specific Benefits of Components...... 56 6.1.3 Land Occupation and Resettlement ...... 58 6.2 Risks of Adverse Impacts at Strategic and Provincial Level ...... 58 6.2.1 Cultural Heritage Impacts and Mitigation ...... 58 6.3 Specific Risks Likely in All Sites ...... 60 6.3.1 Impacts on Eco-environment ...... 60 6.3.2 Impact on Water Environment ...... 63 6.3.3 Impact on Ambient Air and Mitigation ...... 67 6.3.4 Impact on Acoustic Environment and Mitigation ...... 68 6.3.5 Impact of Solid Waste and Mitigation ...... 69 6.3.6 Landscape and Visual Impacts and Mitigation...... 70 6.4 Potential Impacts to Specific Sites and Mitigation...... 75 6.4.1 Risk of Overdevelopment in the National Scenic Areas ...... 75 6.4.2 Guanlin National Geo-Park ...... 75 6.4.3 Xingyi National Geo-Park ...... 76 6.4.4 Wanfenglin National Scenic Area...... 76 6.4.5 Shamu River National Scenic Area...... 77 7 Heritage Conservation Plan...... 79 7.1 Conservation Plan for Classified Heritages...... 79 7.2 Specific Considerations and Recommendations...... 80 7.2.1 Inventory Development...... 80 7.2.2 Standards...... 80 7.2.3 Qualification...... 80 7.2.4 Monitoring ...... 81 7.2.5 Public Awareness Promotion ...... 81 7.2.6 Construction Planning...... 81 7.3 Institutional Arrangement ...... 81 7.4 Suggestions on Conservation Plans ...... 82 7.5 Reporting ...... 82 8 Alternative Comparison ...... 84 8.1 With and Without the Project Scenario ...... 84 8.2 Location Alternatives...... 85 8.2.1 Jiuzhou Fortress Museum...... 85

iii 8.3 EA Suggestions in Project Development Process...... 86 9 9 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ...... 91 9.1 Objective and Principle...... 91 9.2 First Round of Public Consultation ...... 91 9.3 First Round Information Disclosure ...... 92 9.4 The Second Round of Public Consultation...... 93 9.5 Second Round of Information Disclosure...... 94 9.6 Consultation Result Statistics ...... 94 9.7 Results of Social Environment Assessment...... 98 9.8 Main Concerns and Public Opinions ...... 98 10 Environment Management and Monitoring Plan ...... 99 10.1 Environment Mitigation Measures ...... 99 10.2 Institutional Arrangement ...... 99 10.3 Training Plan ...... 100 10.4 Environment Supervision Plan ...... 107 10.5 Environmental Management Plan...... 108 10.6 Environment Monitoring Plan ...... 115 10.7 Monitoring Reporting System ...... 118 10.8 Environmental monitoring and acceptance report of sub-projects ...... 118 10.9 Cost Estimate...... 119

iv Introduction

Project Background

Guizhou Province is located in southwest China and is known for its large rural population and underdeveloped economy. Poverty reduction has thus become a priority of the province’s socioeconomic development strategy. The Guizhou Provincial Government has adopted policies to promote tourism development of the province’s natural and cultural heritage, for the ultimate economic benefit of the local people. The Provincial Government also recognizes the need to balance the economic benefits from tourism development with environmental protection and heritage conservation.

The proposed Guizhou Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project will develop local resources of cultural and natural heritage in a sustainable manner. This will promote economic growth and create employment opportunities, and improve the living conditions of the local population.

Overview of EIA

In July 2007, the World Bank Project Office of Guizhou Province contracted the Guiyang Hydropower Investigation Design & Research Institute (GHIDI), a subdivision of the China Hydropower Engineering Consultation Group Corporation (CHECC), to undertake the Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) for the proposed project.

Based on the requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of PRC, the Decree on Construction Project Environmental Protection (also known as State Council Decree No.253) and relevant World Bank safeguard policies, a full set of EIA documentation has been prepared. The Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) – the overall administrative agency for the project’s EIA evaluation – requires that an integrated environmental impact assessment report be prepared given the nature of the project, which contains a large number of components in rural areas. This document is prepared for the review and approval of the Guizhou Provincial EPB, and also for the clearance of the World Bank

The EIA will provide a solid ground to optimize project design and management so that the project environmental benefits can be maximized and the potential adverse impacts minimized.

This report follows the guidelines of the World Bank OP4.01 and the relevant technical EIA guidelines in China. The outline is summarized below: y Chapter 1, Introduction: describes the project background and gives a brief introduction of the report structure y Chapter 2, EA Preparation: presents applicable standards, scope of analysis, basis for EA and other technical criteria used in the EA process y Chapter 3, Project Description: provides information on project content for each of the components (including location maps where appropriate) to help understand the project. It includes the necessary details to assess project impact, including main project scales, quantity of engineering works, component costs budget and implementation schedule y Chapter 4, Policy and Legal Framework: presents a description and analysis of associated policies and legal and institutional context y Chapter 5, Baseline Conditions: briefly describes the environmental and social baseline information within the project areas.

1 y Chapter 6, Environmental Impacts and Mitigation: is the main section of the report, which summarizes environmental impacts and mitigation measures. It presents a general matrix of the components that have similar impacts or specific impact analysis, and then offers mitigation suggestions for the components that may cause a significant impact y Chapter 7, Heritage Conservation Plan: presents a plan to conserve any heritage that would be affected by the project y Chapter 8, Alternative Analysis: presents alternative analysis by components, with comprehensive comparison for all feasible alternatives in terms of environmental, social, technical and financial considerations, including maps with captions where appropriate. y Chapter 9, Public Consultation and Information Disclosure: describes the public consultation process applied during the EA and summarizes details in tables (i.e. dates, places, approaches, number of participants, main issues expressed, and responses in EIA/design). The chapter also describes the mechanism applied for information disclosure. y Chapter 10, Environmental Management Plan: presents a set of serious programs and measures to be taken during project implementation, including (1) Environmental Management and Supervision for each component, (2) Summary of Mitigation Measures, (3) Institutional Capacity Building/Training Plan and (4) Monitoring Plan.

2 EIA Preparation

EIA Classification

The proposed project will finance a number of small-scale developments of tourist attractions at many locations across Guizhou Province. Although the environmental impact caused by most project components is considered insignificant, several components are located within areas that are classified as either national level geo-parks or national level scenic areas; it is here where the project might cause significant impact due to the nature of these sites. These areas include 2 provincial scenic areas, 2 national scenic areas, 2 national geological parks, 1 national cultural relic protection unit, 1 provincial cultural relic protection unit and some minority cultural protection areas and regions (see Table 2.1-1) which are located in 2 municipalities and 2 prefectures respectively in Guizhou province (see Figure 2.1-1). According to Operational Policy 4.01 of the World Bank, this project falls into Category A for EA preparation, and thus a full set of EA documents are required to prepare given the features of the project.

Table 2.1-1 Summary of Affected Areas Name of Classification Date of Administration Site Location Sensitive Area Component Level Establishment Opinions Shamu river Shibing National cultural and county, (Huangping natural Qiandongnan Jiuzhou heritage prefecture Town is a protection Wuyanghe national 1998 National Huangping Jiuzhou town, scenic area Cultural Jiuzhou Huangping Relics ancient town county, Protection heritage Qiandongnan Unit) protection prefecture Wanfenglin The Guizhou scenic area Malinghe canyon- Xinyi county, Provincial cultural and Wanfeng lake Qianxinan National 1994 Construction natural national scenic prefecture Agency has heritage area already approved protection construction that Zhaoxing Zhaoxing will take place in town, Liping Liping Dong Dong cultural 2004 these sensitive county, village national National heritage regions in Qiandongnan scenic area protection principle with an prefecture official letter Tiantai Tianlong mountain, Tiantai mountain- fortress Tianlong Shila river cultural Provincial 2003 town, Pingba provincial scenic heritage county, area protection Anshun city Longli town, Longli Jinping Sanbanxi- Jinping ancient town Longli ancient county, Provincial 2001 heritage town provincial Qiandongnan protection scenic area prefecture.

3 Name of Classification Date of Administration Site Location Sensitive Area Component Level Establishment Opinions Guanling Tan mountain, national Xinpu village, Guanling national The Guizhou geological Guanling National 2003 geological park Provincial Land park heritage county, Resource Agency protection Anshun city has already Xingyi approved national Dingxiao construction that geological development will take place in park and district, Xingyi national these sensitive Dingxiao National 2004 Xingyi county, geological park regions in Guizhou Qianxinan principle with an dragon prefecture official letter heritage protection Sanmentang Sanmentang village, Sanmentang The Guizhou cultural Tianzhu ancient buildings Provincial National 2002 heritage county, cultural relic Culture Agency protection Qiandongnan protection unit has already prefecture approved Shiqiao, construction that Danzai Nangao will take place in Shiqiao paper Shiqiao-white- village, these sensitive manufacture paper-workshop Danzai Provincial 2005 regions in cultural cultural relic county, principle with an heritage protection unit Qiandongnan official letter protection prefecture

Figure 1.2-1 Location of the components in Guizhou

Basis for EIA Preparation

Laws and Regulations

During the preparation of environmental assessment, all relevant regulatory, policy, and administrative requirements – both at state and provincial levels – were followed, as were the World Bank’s ten safeguard policies. Major laws and regulations applied in the EA are as follows:

z Laws of Environmental Protection of the PRC of December 26, 1989 z Law of Air Pollution Control of the PRC of September 1, 2000 z Law of Water Pollution Control of the PRC of May 15, 1996 z Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Control of the PRC of March 1, 1997 z Law of Cultural Relics Protection of the PRC of October 28, 2002 z Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects of November 18, 1998 z Circulation on Strengthening EIA for Construction Projects Receiving International Financing of 1993 z Technical Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment z Regulations on Establishment of Geological Natural Reserve, 1987 z Regulations of Cultural Protection in Guizhou Province, 2005 4 z The Principles for Conservation of Heritage Sites in China

Documents

A number of documents include feasibility study reports for various project components, as well as expert and government officials’ opinions in the screening stage. The main documents that have been reviewed and used in the EA are:

z Guizhou Provincial Tourism Development Master Plan, World Tourism Organization, China National Tourism Administration and Guizhou Provincial Tourism Administration, 2002 z Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Plan, Guizhou Provincial Research and Communication Center for Cultural Tourism, 2006 z Guizhou Eleventh Five Year Socio-economic Plan z Feasibility Study Reports for Each Component z Master Plan for each component area z Strategic Environmental Assessment Study, ERM

As the size of each component is very small, the Guizhou Provincial EPB requires that a consolidated EIA report be prepared for the project and that approval of the report be obtained.

Screening of World Bank’s Safeguard Policies

The World Bank requirements include Operational Policies (OP), Best Procedure (BP), Good Practice (GP) and Operational Directives (OD), as well as the Bank’s standard list of ten safeguard policies. These ten are:

z Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01); z Forestry (OP/GP4.36); z Natural Habitats (OP/BP4.04); z Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37); z Pest Management (OP4.09); z Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12); z Indigenous People (OD4.20); z Cultural Property (OP4.11); z Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP7.60); and z Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP7.50).

Of these safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) is the primary requirement and thus the focus of this report. In addition, policies on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), and Cultural Property (OP4.11) will be applied in the EA – at the very least during the screening stage or fully, if they are triggered.

Applicable Standards

Environmental Standards

The environmental standards applicable in the preparation of this EIA are summarized in Table 2.3- 1 below

A. Ambient Air Quality

5 Class II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) is used as given in Table 2-3-1 below.

Table 2-3-1 Class II of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) Pollutant Sampling Timing Standard Annual average 0.06 SO 2 Daily average 0.15 (mg/m3) Hourly average 0.50 Annual average 0.10 PM10 3 (mg/m ) Daily average 0.15 Annual average 0.08 NO 2 Daily average 0.12 (mg/m3) Hourly average 0.24

B. Acoustic Environment

The specific standards used are listed in Table 2-3-2 below.

Table 2-3-2 Noise Standard UnitLAeqdB(A) Class Area to be applied Day Night Areas requiring very quiet environment such as villa blocks, 0 50 40 and 5-star hotel 1 Area centered on education and residence 55 45 2 Area mixed with residences, business and industry 60 50 3 Industrial area 65 55 4 Area along two sides of trunk roads 70 55

C. Surface Water

Standard for Surface Water Quality (GB3838-2002) is used for assessing the impact on surface water quality, as shown in Table 2-3-3 below.

Table 2-3-3 Class III and IV Standard for Surface Water Quality Unit: mg/l NH - Pollutant COD BOD 3 P N Cu Zn F- Se As Hg Cd C6+ Pb 5 N r Class III 20 4 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.01 0.05 0.0001 0.005 0.05 0.05

Class IV 30 6 1.5 0.3 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.02 0.1 0.001 0.005 0.05 0.05

Standards for Pollutant Discharge

A. Air Pollutant Emission

The waste gas emission follows the Class II of Integrated Air Pollutant Emission Standard (GB16297-1996), as shown in Table 2-3-4 below.

Table 2-3-4 Integrated Air Pollutant Emission Standard 6 Allowable emission velocity Allowable Control point for dispersion (kg/h) Pollutant concentration emission 3 Stack height 3 (mg/m ) Class II (mg/m ) (m) 15 3.5 20 5.9 The peak concentration outside the Particulates 120 30 23 site boundary 30 0.29×10-3 15 0.18 Obvious emission without Asphalt gas 75 20 0.30 control/treatment is not allowed 30 1.3 Air pollution sources are forbidden from being built at the sensitive areas given in Section 2.1.

For the urban air monitoring component, any flue gas emissions that come from boilers that will be installed later will follow the Boiler Flue Gas Emission Standards (GB 13271-2002), as shown in table 2-3-5 below.

Table 2-3-5 Boiler Flue Gas Emission Standards Dust SO 2 Blackness Pollutants concentration concentration Stack height (m) (degree) (mg/m3) (mg/m3)

Limit 50 100 I Not less than 8m

B. Wastewater

The discharge of wastewater follows the Class II Standards of Integrated Wastewater Discharge (GB8978-1996), the Standards for Integrated Wastewater Discharge for Wei River (Shanxi Section DB61-224-1996), or the Class III Standards of Integrated Wastewater Discharge (GB8978-1996). These standards will be applied to different bodies of water, as shown in table 2-3-6 below.

Table 2-3-6 Wastewater Discharge Standard Unit: mg/l

Pollutant COD BOD5 SS pH

Class II 135 50 150 69

Class III 500 300 400 69

Construction effluent and domestic sewage which could lead to class II or III surface water should be treated and reused, and should not be allowed to directly discharge into water at sensitive areas given in Section 2.1. The wastewater treatment facilities will follow the Class B of Category I discharge standard for municipal wastewater treatment plants (GB 18918-2002).

Table 2.3-7 Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Unit: mg/l (daily average)

Pollutant COD BOD5 SS Oil TN TP NH3-N Fecal Coli form

7 Class B, 60 20 20 3 20 1 20 103 Category I

C. Noise

z Construction noise

The noise during construction phase follows the Noise Level Limits at Construction Site Boundary (GB12523-90), as shown in Table 2 -3-8 below.

Table 2-3-8 Noise Limit for Construction Site Boundary (GB12523-90) Unit: dB(A) Construction Major source of noise Noise limit stage Daytime Night time Earth & stone Bulldozer, excavator, loader, etc. 75 55 work Piling Pile driver, etc. 85 Forbidden Structuring Concrete mixer, etc. 70 55 Finishing Crane, elevator 65 55

z Plant Boundary Noise

The Noise at the plant boundary under the urban air monitoring component follows Class I Standards for Noise at Industrial Enterprise Boundary (GB12348-90); the area under the bus hub and maintenance yard follows Class II Standards for Noise at Industrial Enterprise Boundary (GB12348-90), as shown in Table 2-3-9 below.

Table 2-3-9 Standard for Noise at Industrial Enterprise Boundary Unit: Leq[dB(A)] Class Day Night

I 55 45

II 60 50

The noise in construction and operation phase should be under 55dB in the daytime and 45dB at nighttime.

8 Table 2.3-1 The standards of surface water environment, ambient air and acoustic environmental qualities (GB3838-2002) Constructio Ambient Air Quality Standards Urban Regional Environmental Noise Items Surface Water Quality Standards n sites (GB3095-1996) Standards (GB3096-93) (GB3838-2002) Tianlong fortress cultural III 2 2 heritage protection Jiuzhou fortress cultural III 2 2 Anshun City heritage protection Guanling national geological park heritage III 1 1 protection Qiandongna Biasha village cultural II 2 2 n prefecture heritage protection Duliujiang Dong cultural II 2 2 heritage protection Danzai Miao cultural III 2 3 heritage protection Jiuzhou ancient town III 2 2 heritage protection Yangasha national cultural III 2 1 region heritage protection Longli ancient castle III 2 2 heritage protection Bala river Miao cultural heritage protection in Kaili II 2 2 region Bala river Miao cultural heritage protection in Kaili II 2 2 region in Leishan region Xijiang Miao cultural II 2 2 heritage protection Zhaoxing Dong cultural III 2 2 heritage protection Sanbao village cultural III 2 2 heritage protection Shanmu river cultural and III 1 1 natural heritage protection 9 Table 2.3-1 The standards of surface water environment, ambient air and acoustic environmental qualities (GB3838-2002) Constructio Ambient Air Quality Standards Urban Regional Environmental Noise Items Surface Water Quality Standards n sites (GB3095-1996) Standards (GB3096-93) (GB3838-2002) Shidong cultural heritage III 2 2 protection Sanmentang cultural III 2 1 heritage protection Ethnic minorities culture III 2 2 and history museum Liping tourism information III 2 2 center Jianhe tourism information III 2 1 center Xingyi national geological park and Dingxiao Guizhou III 2 2 dragon heritage protection Qianxinan Wanfenglin scenic spot prefecture cultural and natural heritage III 2 2 protection Buyi cultural and natural III 2 2 heritage protection Tourism information development for international tourism III 2 2 Guiyang college of Guizhou normal City university Guizhou tourism capability III 2 2 development Remark: Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards(GB3838-2002) class II: pH6~9; DO6; COD15; BOD53; NH3-N0.5; Coli-group2000 Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards(GB3838-2002) class III: pH6~9; DO5; COD20; BOD54; NH3-N1.0; Coli-group2000 3 3 3 Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) class I TSP: 0.12mg/m daily average, NO2: 0.08mg/m daily average and 0.12mg/m hourly average 3 3 3 Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) class II TSP: 0.3mg/m daily average, NO2: 0.08mg/m daily average and 0.12mg/m hourly average Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (GB3096-93) category 1: LAeq 55dB in daytime and LAeq 45 dB in night time Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (GB3096-93) category 2: LAeq 60dB in daytime and LAeq 50 dB in night time 10 Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (GB3096-93) category 3: LAeq 65dB in daytime and LAeq 55 dB in night time

11 Assessment Scope

The scope of assessment is given in Table 2.4-1 below.

Table 2.4-1 The scope of EIA Assessment Assessment scope segment Social 2 municipalities and 2 prefectures involved in the project: Guiyang City, Anshun City, environment Qianxinan prefecture, Qiandongnan prefecture in Guizhou province. The construction areas, resettlement areas and especially the eco-environmental Eco-environment protection areas. Water The surface water involved during construction of river improvement, sewage disposal, environment water supply and sewage works, and water purifying facility etc. Ambient air and The infrastructure construction areas such as roadways, parking areas, entry areas, acoustic water supply and sewage works, power circuit, environmental health facilities. environment

Assessment Methods

The methodology used in the assessment is given in Table 2.5-1 below.

Table 2.5-.1 Techniques and Method used in this EIA Assessment Methods Objects segment z Compare with the Recommended scheme and alternatives Verification table (including without the project). Alternative Correlation z Optimize and select the construction scheme. Selection Expert z Analyze professional opinions. consulting Information z Collect fundamental data about regional environment and collection socioeconomic situation. Environmental Field z Assess situation of eco-environment, water environment, situation investigation acoustic environment, and ambient air. investigation “3S” integral z Collect data on the situation of vegetative cover, land technique utilization and soil erosion. Environmental z Identify environmental impacts and match them to impact Matrix matching assessment factors. identification z Provide a general outline including the objectives, content Information and potential impact of the project during initial consultation. disclosure z Provide a draft of EIA report with generalized conclusion during consultation, and subsequently finish the draft. Public Feasibility z Study the construction program and the draft of EA consultation studies achievement. Expert z Analyze professional opinions about environment factor. consulting z Survey environmental issues and the concerns of the local Questionnaire population and non-governmental organizations.

Project Description

Project Objective

12 The project’s overall objective is to increase economic benefits for national parks and local communities (including minority groups) by encouraging tourism and protecting cultural and natural heritage at participating sites.

This project is also a pilot project that will demonstrate how to integrate tourism development with heritage protection, a process which can then be duplicated in other provinces of China with similar conditions.

This overall objective will address the following issues: 1) Social aims: to promote the development of the local community and traditional culture by encouraging locals to participate in the project. 2) Minority development aim: to improve the living conditions and preserve the culture of minority groups. 3) Tourism aim: to set up a sustainable development model for tourism development and cultural heritage protection. 4) Economic aim: to help implement poverty reduction strategy. 5) Intangible cultural heritage protection: to save and protect traditional intangible cultural heritage through a joint effort with local communities.

Overview of the Project

This project consists of 4 components: cultural heritage protection in minority villages and ancient towns; natural heritage protection and utilization; tourism service facilities in gateway cities; and technical assistance.

Minority Cultural Heritage Protection in Villages

The project includes 12 sub-projects and involves 17 villages distributed across 9 counties in Anshun city, Qiandongnan prefecture, and Qianxinan prefecture.

The project components include: z Construction of infrastructure in the villages, such as pathways, fire-fighting facilities, sewage treatment plants, garbage collection methods, and sanitation facilities z Repair and maintenance of ancient public buildings z Repair of old residential houses and renovation of other homes that will be used for display purposes; construction of a village cultural exhibition center and a tourist center z Construction of signs and rest facilities z Support for intangible heritage protection z Small loans to guesthouses and family workshops in the villages

Ancient Town Protection

There are 4 sub-projects focusing on ancient towns: (1) the Jiuzhou Ancient Town in Anshun City, an example of Chinese fortress culture, (2) the Jiuzhou Ancient Town in Huangping County, an example of cultural integration between the Miao ethnic minority and the Han majority, (3) the Shidong Ancient Town, an example of traditional silver jewelry and pottery culture, and (4) the Longli Ancient Town, another example of Han fortress culture. These ancient towns are distributed across 4 counties of Anshun city and Qiandongnan prefecture.

The project components include:

13 z Construction of infrastructure in communities z Repair of historic public buildings z Renovation of old residential houses z Construction of new cultural exhibition center, folk museum, and tourist center, as well as construction of signs and tourism service facilities z Intangible cultural heritage protection and training of local people

Natural Heritage Protection and Utilization

There are 4 sub-projects involving a total of 2 national geologic parks and 2 national scenic areas: Guanling National Geo-park, Xingyi National Geo-park, Wanfenglin National Scenic Area, and Shamuhe National Scenic Area. These sub-projects are distributed across 4 counties of Anshun city, Qiandongnan prefecture, and Qianxinan prefecture.

The project components include: z Construction of infrastructure, such as pathways and sewage treatment facilities z Improvement and extension of exhibition spaces, as well as facilities for information, security, and first-aid. z Improvement of tourism service facilities z Intangible cultural heritage protection and training of local people z Development of minority villages and communities.

Heritage Protection and Tourism Service Facilities Construction in Gateway Cities

There are 5 sub-projects, including: z heritage protection and tourism research center in Guiyang city (including tourist information center) - heritage protection and tourism research center - folk handicraft research and training center - a comprehensive website covering all of the tourism sites in Guizhou.

z ethnic minority historic and cultural museums in Kaili county of Qiandongnan prefecture - the minority historic and cultural museum of Kaili county will centralize and display the cultural and natural heritage of Qiandongnan prefecture; it will also promote the research of heritage protection and development.

z tourist information centers in the important ethnic minority autonomous towns in Liping county, Jianhe county, and Leishan county. - the tourist information centers in Guiyang and the other 3 counties can provide integrated tourism information which can help the tourists comprehend the meaning and importance of local heritage; this will ultimately benefit the local minority population.

Technical Assistance

This includes: z capacity building for project management and supervision z assist the communities in the implementation of this project z help to establish guidelines for historic building maintenance and repair z help prepare manuals for heritage protection

14 z training and study z help compile the Guizhou Tourism Master Plan.

Description of Project

Location and Investment

This proposed project is to be built in Guiyang city, Anshun city, Qiandongnan prefecture and Qianxinan prefecture. All of the components are located within 4 of the 5 Integrated Clusters specified in the Guizhou Tourism Development Master Plan as discussed in Section 4.1.1. The construction locations are shown in the figures from 3.3-1 to 3.3-5. Details of the components are given in Table 3.3-1 below.

Name of City Construction Sites Construction description Components Tianlong Pathway, drainage system, garbage collection and transfer Tiantaishan fortress station, power facility, traditional house maintenance and Tianlong fortress cultural protection, demonstration model house construction, of Tianlong town, heritage tourist information center, fortress culture exhibition hall, Pinba county protection intangible culture heritage protection and training. Pathway, car park, fire fighting system, drainage pipe, Jiuzhou Yunshan village, garbage collection and transfer station, public toilet, river fortress Benzai village and improvement, public signs, traditional house maintenance Anshu cultural Jiuxi village of and protection, demonstration model house construction, n city heritage Qiyanqiao town, museum, tourist information center, ancient building protection Xixiu district repair, intangible culture heritage protection and training. Ancient site exhibition facilities, archaeological site Guanling exhibition, Triassic ichthyosaur exhibition hall, rock and national Tanshan of Xinpu green area of Triassic park, scientific work station, tourist geological village, Guanling information center, public signs, exhibition pathway, car park heritage county 1 park, garbage collection system, public toilet, training and protection education. Biasha Qiando Pathway, car park, sewage treatment station, drainage village ngnan Biasha village, system, fire fighting facility, garbage collection system, cultural prefect Congjiang county protection and repair of Lusheng grounds, planting trees, heritage ure power supply alteration, traditional Miao house protection protection Pathway, car park, water supply facility, drainage system, Duliujiang Zenchong village sewage treatment station, fire fighting facility, water Dong cultural and Xiaohuang environment improvement, garbage collection and transfer heritage village, Congjiang system, public toilet, planting trees, traditional Dong protection county house protection, Xiaohuang traditional culture exhibition center, public signs, intangible culture protection. Pathway, car park, water supply facility, drainage system, fire fighting facility, garbage collection system, public Danzai Miao toilet, water environment improvement, village cultural Shiqiao village, environment improvement, paper manufacture workshop heritage Danzai county protection, family paper workshop protection, traditional protection hotel construction, ancient village gate repair, public signs, tourist information and service center.

1 The facilities are located within the central development zone of the Geopark, see Section 4.4.3

15 Name of City Construction Sites Construction description Components Jiuzhou Ancient street renovation, drainage system, sewage ancient city Jiuzhou town, treatment facility, garbage collection and transfer system, heritage Huangping county ancient building maintenance, fire fighting facility, public protection signs, intangible cultural heritage protection and training. Wubao village, Balang village and Yangasha Pathway, car park, water supply and drainage system, Wenquan village national weather bridge, sewage treatment facility, fire fighting of Guanme town, cultural facility, garbage collection system, public toilet, Raohao village of region traditional houses and village gate repair, village Nanzai town, Liuji heritage environment improvement, planting trees, stannous village of Nanjia protection embroidery exhibition center. town, Jianhe county Pathway, drainage system, sewage treatment facility, fire Longli Longli ancient city fighting facility, traditional house repair, water ancient city of Longli town, environment improvement, village environment heritage Jinping county improvement, public signs, tourist information and service protection center, intangible cultural heritage protection. Pathway, car park, weather bridge, water supply and Bala river drainage system, sewage treatment facility, fire fighting Miao cultural Jidao, Huaienbao, facility, garbage collection system, public toilet, power heritage Longjing of Kaili supply alteration, traditional house and ancient building protection in city repair, minority culture and tourist information center, Kaili region tourism service facility. Bala river Miao cultural Langdeshangzai, heritage maomaohe, Pathway, car park, fire fighting facility, garbage collection protection in nanmeng, system, public toilet. Kaili region jiaomeng of in Leishan Leishang county region Pathway, car park, drainage system, sewage treatment Xijiang Miao facility, fire fighting facility, garbage collection and cultural Xijiang town, transfer system, public toilet, traditional house repair, heritage Leishan county tourist information center, village gate, landscape protection platform, folk performance grounds, Timbal and Lusheng grounds, intangible cultural heritage protection. Zhaoxing, Zhaoxing Street, pathway, riverbank, water supply and drainage Tang’an, jitang, Dong cultural system, sewage treatment facility, fire fighting facility, xiage of Zhaoxing heritage garbage collection system, first-aid station, traditional town, Liping protection house repair, demonstration model house construction. county Shanmu river Road, pathway, car park, bridge, port, water supply and cultural and drainage system, sewage treatment facility, garbage natural Shibing county collection and transfer system, public toilet, video heritage monitoring system, first-aid facility, public signs, protection management office building.

16 Name of City Construction Sites Construction description Components Pathway, car park, water supply and drainage system, Shidong sewage treatment facility, garbage collection and transfer cultural Shidong town, system, public toilet, traditional house and ancient heritage Taijiang county building repair, minority craft exhibition hall, information protection center, public signs, river bank protection, intangible cultural heritage protection. Pathway, water supply and drainage system, sewage Sanmentang treatment facility, garbage collection and transfer system, Sanmentang cultural traditional house and ancient building repair, ancient steel village, Tianzhu heritage and port protection, tourist information center, county protection management office building, folk culture and performance grounds, intangible cultural heritage protection. Ethnic minorities Minority culture museum, car park, landscape culture and Kaili county improvement history museum Liping tourism Liping county Tourist information center information center Jianhe Tourist information center, car park, water supply and tourism drainage system, garbage collection and transfer station, Jianhe county information public toilet, planting trees, intangible cultural heritage center protection. Xingyi national geo park and Dingxiao Dingxiao development area Fossil museum and square, training items. Guizhou of Xingyi county2 dragon heritage protection Maling river Qianxi canyon and Pathway, gate, bridge, car park, river bank, water supply nan Wanfeng lake and drainage system, sewage treatment facility, public prefect national toilet, garbage collection and transfer system, traditional ure scenic spot Xingyi county house repair, ancient tree protection, village environment cultural and improvement, performance grounds, Buyi culture center, natural tourism service center, intangible cultural heritage heritage protection and training. protection Pathway, water supply and drainage system, sewage Buyi cultural treatment facility, planting trees, dancing grounds, and natural Zhenfeng county traditional house repair, demonstration model house heritage construction, Buyi culture center, intangible cultural protection heritage protection and training.

2 The museum is in the centeral development zone of the Geo-park, see Section 4.3.3.

17 Name of City Construction Sites Construction description Components Guizhou cultural and natural Guizhou Normal Guizhou cultural and natural heritage protection and protection University development center Guiyan development g city center Guizhou tourism Guizhou Tourism Capacity building capability Agency development

Figure 3.3-1 The Prefectures Boundary Map of Guizhou

Figure 3.3-2 Structure Plan Map of Anshun Integrated Tourism Area

Figure3.3-3 Structure Plan Map of Kaili-Zhenyuan Integrated Tourism Area

Figure 3.3-4 Structure Plan Map of Liping-Congjiang-Rongjiang Integrated Tourism Area

Figure 3.3-5 Structure Plan Map of Xingyi-Anlong Integrated Tourism Area

18 Description of Facilities

The summary information of the components’ locations, scales and contents are listed in Table 3.3- 2 and Annexed Table 1.

Table 3.3-2 Typical Construction Contents Number of Facility Quantity Scale General information involved component sites Garbage The area of each collection 16 The transport capability is 10t/d 9 station is 100m2 stations Most toilets have a capacity of The area of each Public 12 persons, while some small 55 toilet varies from 20 toilets toilets have a capacity of 5 60m2 to 450m2 persons. The treatment The sewage will be disposed by Sewage capability of each integrated treatment facilities treatment 23 station varies from using technology for 20 facilities 50m3/d to sedimentation, biological and 5000m3/d chemical reactions. The area of each For the exhibition of fossils, museum varies Museum 3 folk culture, local culture and 3 from 2000m2 to handicrafts. 10000m2 Tourist The area of each For training, exhibition and information 10 center varies from 10 resting. center 250m2 to 1000m2 The locations of the car parks The area of each must conform to local plans. car park varies Most of the car parks are new Parking lot 20 19 from 500m2 to construction, except the one in 5000m2 Xifenglin scenic area, which is an extension. The maximum Make pathways along the bank, Riverbed 7 length of the river clean riverbed, preserve 7 clean is 4.7km landscape, illuminate at night

Generic Design

The environmental facilities to be built in the component sites take a generic design approach that follows the criteria below: z Have adapted to local conditions z Have been proven in operation z Represent the least cost option z Comply with environmental standards

A. Solid Waste Collection and Transfer Facility

19 The municipal solid waste will be collected from garbage bins placed at tourism facilities and areas. The local environmental sanitation team will be responsible for collecting the solid waste from the bins and moving it to the transferring stations (which will be constructed during the project) on a regular basis. The collection station consists of concrete tanks lined with cement and a loading area for truck access, which will provide the space for large vehicles to begin hauling solid waste to the county landfill facility. The size of the tanks is designed based on the expected quantity of visitors.

B. Public Toilets

Water-flushing toilets will be used. These comprise a water storage system and septic tanks. The waste collected in the septic tanks is generally collected either by the local sanitation team or by farmers, who use them for compost and (subsequently) for agricultural applications.

C. Sewage Collection and Treatment Facility

Domestic wastewater will be collected at the wastewater treatment station via open ditches. As in the rural regions of the project area, industrial wastewater flow is virtually negligible, since the wastewater is low in COD but high in NH3-N. Thus, there is no concern over industrial hazardous constituents in the water flow; a simple land treatment system is used to treat the wastewater to maintain standards.

Each wastewater treatment station consists of the primary treatment units and an overflow system, but not followed on by disinfection units. The wastewater is initially settled in a retarding pond to reduce the load of SS, and then it is introduced to a vegetated land and is allowed to flow very slowly down the vegetated slope and collected in a ditch. Retention time of the wastewater generation is from 10 days to 15 days. To eliminate nitrogen from the flow, the vegetation will be harvested each year.

D. Parking lot

Car parking lots will be provided in the peripheral area of each component site. As the project is largely on a karst landform (which is low in ecological vulnerability but still sensitive to land disturbance), the car parking yards are paved with porous materials that allow for vegetative establishment, rather than the asphalt that is used in conventional parking lots. Landscape and visual considerations have been factored into the design of the car parks; open spaces nearby are preserved for planting trees.

E. Riverbed cleaning

The improvement of the river (which runs 4.8 km) includes sediment dredging, embankment by stones and rocks, pedestrian pathways, and lights.

Typical and Special Works

Although the works under the project vary in size and location, they can be classified into several groups; an example from each group is summarized below.

A. Solid Waste Collection Station

20 One of the examples for solid waste collection stations is to be constructed under the Tianlong Fortress component.

This component is located in the scenic area of Tianlong fortress. There are 2548 local residents and each one will produce 1.2kg garbage per day. The tourists are projected to reach 3000 people/day in the area and each one will produce 0.5kg solid waste per day. The total amount of solid waste generated per day will be 4t. About 80 garbage bins will be distributed around the village, and they will take up a total area of 80 m2. Two solid waste transfer stations will be constructed adjacent to the main entrances of Tianlong Fortress Scenic Area; each station will have an area of 100m2. The stations will collect 40m3 of garbage in the scenic area in their service area of 3 km2. The architectural design of the two stations has taken into account the surrounding environment and the traditional style of other buildings. Figure 3.3-6 below shows the layout and image of the transfer station.

Figure 3.3-6 Solid Waste Collection Station

B. Public Toilet

One of the examples for public toilet construction is in Nachan village. The design of public toilets follows the Urban Public Toilet Planning and Design Standards. The construction of the toilets will use local materials and remain consistent with the local architectural style. The newly constructed public toilets will meet the increased demand of the whole scenic area. The toilets will be managed by the local government. The toilets are located on nationally-owned or collectively-owned unused land and do not involve resettlement or building demolishment. Figure 3.3-7 shows the layout and image of these public toilets.

Figure 3.3-7 Public Toilets

C. Sewage Treatment Station

One of the examples for sewage treatment stations is in the Wanfenglin National Scenic Area.

The capacity of the treatment station is based on the water demand projection and the conversion ratio into wastewater. Table 3.3-3 summarizes the design criteria for the wastewater treatment station.

Table 3.3-3 Parameters for Wastewater Treatment Station Average Daily Average Sewage Required Treatment Maximal water sewage variation water conversion capability supply(t/d) discharge coefficient supply(t/d) coefficient (t/d) (t/d) 782 1.3 601 80% 480 500

The sewage treatment station will be located downstream along the river and on the leeward side of the residential area. The location features desirable geological conditions, flood protection, convenience of sewage collection/conveyance/discharge, as well as good water and electricity supply. There will be an adequate area for an extension of the station in the future.

D. Museum

21 One of the examples for museums is the Guizhou Dragon Fossil Museum in Xingyi National Geo-Park.

The design of the museum follows the General Specifications of Civil Structure Design, Office Structure Design Specifications, Museum Design Specifications, Cultural Center Design Specifications, Village Structure Fire Protection Design Specifications, Urban Road and Structure Barrier-free Design Specifications, Public Structure Energy-saving Design Standards, and so on. The main function of museums is to promote scientific awareness.

This is a newly constructed middle-size museum. The museum is a 2 floor structure with a height of 12m and a floor area of 4,100m2. The planting and paving area is 1,500m2. The architecture is consistent with the local style. This museum will be located on nationally-owned unused land, and does not require resettlement of people. Picture 3.3-8 shows the image and layout of the museum.

Figure 3.3-8 Guizhou Dragon Fossil Museum

E. Tourist information Centers

One of the examples for tourist information centers is the information center in the Wanfenglin National Scenic Area.

The main functions of tourist information centers are tourism consultation, food services, conferences, resting areas, shopping and entertainment.. The design follows the General Clauses of Civil Structure Design, Office Structure Design Specifications, Hotel Design Specifications, Shop Design Specifications, Intelligent Structure Design Specifications, Structure Fire Protection Design Specifications, Urban Road and Structure Barrier-free Design Specifications, Public Structure Energy-saving Design Standards, and so on.

The construction of the tourist information centers will use local materials and remain consistent with the local architectural style. The newly constructed tourist information centers can meet the service requirement for the whole scenic area. The center will be located on nationally-owned or collectively-owned unused land and does not involve relocation of people or building demolition. Figure 3.3-9 shows the layout and image of the museum.

Figure 3.3-9 Wanfenglin Tourist Information Center

F. Parking Lot

One of the examples for parking lots is in the Guanling National Geo-Park.

The design of parking lot follows the Garage and Car Park Fire Protection Design Specifications with local ecological and landscape style. The ground is paved with porous materials and the area nearby is planted with flowers and trees. The car parks will be located on nationally-owned or collective-owned unused land and do not involve relocation of people or building demolition.

The parking lot is located at the entrance of the Guanlin Fossil National Geologic Park; it features facilities for gasoline-powered cars and for the battery-powered cars used in the park

22 itself. The area of the car park is 5000m2. Figure 3.3-9 shows the layout and image of the parking lot.

Figure 3.3-9 Parking Lot for the Guanling National Geo-Park.

G. River cleaning

One of the examples for river cleaning programs is the component of Nahui River pathway construction and river bank regulation. The river cleaning program here will pave the river banks with a soft impermeable layer and also encourage vegetation. Figure 3.3-10 shows the design layout of the cleaning works.

Figure3.3-10 Nahui River Cleaning Works

H. Traditional House Repair

Two of the examples for Traditional House Repair are at Tianlong Fortress and Jiuzhou Fortress components. The repair of traditional houses follows the General Specifications of Civil Structure Design, Structure Fire Protection Design Specifications, Urban Road and Structure Barrier-free Design Specifications, Public Structure Energy-saving Design Standards, House Design Specifications and the local traditional architecture style.

These kinds of repairs target traditional houses and public buildings that are highlighted in the conservation plan approved by the relevant cultural heritage agencies. Figure 3.3-11 and 3.3-12 shows the image of the traditional house before repair and after repair respectively.

Figure 3.3-11 Traditional House Repair in Tianlong Fortress

Figure 3.3-12 Traditional House Repair in Jiuzhou Fortress

I. Water Supply

One of the examples for water supply facility is at Jiuzhou fortress. The design of the water supply facilities follows the Outdoor Drainage Design Specification, Construction and Acceptance Specification of Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline, Water Quality Standards of Sewage Discharged into the City Sewer, etc. The layout of pipelines is designed based on technical and financial analysis.

The specific criteria for pipeline designs are:

z The pipeline system should be designed to match the drainage capability in the long run, since each associated facility will be completed step by step. z Make full use of the existing drainage systems along the roads and rivers. z The layout of pipeline should be adapted to the landscape. z The pipeline should be as straight as possible and deeply buried. z The above construction principles take the regional environment into consideration and will minimize the environmental impacts of the sub-project items.

Figure 3.3-13 shows the layout of water supply and drainage pipelines

23 Figure 3.3-14 shows the layout of water supply and drainage pipelines at Jiuzhou Fortress

Construction Period

The construction period will be 4 years from September 2008 to September 2012.

24 Policy and Legal Framework

This chapter presents an overview of the policies relevant to the provincial tourism development of Guizhou and the legal context at various levels for this project.

Policy Framework

During this EIA, the following set of documents were reviewed to understand the policy context under which this project was developed:

i. Guizhou Provincial Tourism Development Master Plan, World Tourism Organization, China National Tourism Administration and Guizhou Provincial Tourism Administration, 2002; ii. Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Plan, Guizhou Provincial Research and Communication Center for Cultural Tourism, 2006; and iii. Guizhou Eleventh Five-Year Socio-economic Plan

Overview of Guizhou Provincial Tourism Development Master Plan

The Master Plan was prepared by a joint team of international and national consultants under the guidance of the China National Tourism Administration and the Guizhou Tourism Administration, with technical and financial assistance from the World Tourism Organization and the World Bank. After the MP was approved by the China National Tourism Administration in 2003, the Master Plan was adopted as the official guideline for tourism development in Guizhou.

The principal objective of the Master Plan is to maximize the benefit of tourism as a sector of the economy as quickly as possible while providing sufficient protection to environmental and cultural heritage. The Master Plan sets out appropriate strategies for tourism development based on an analysis of the province’s tourism assets and the condition of associated facilities.

The Master Plan emphasizes Guizhou’s ethnic minority culture and its unique natural environment. Six integrated clusters and six feature clusters focusing on Environmental Tourism, Cultural Tourism, Rural Tourism, and developments were proposed as the key products for both international and domestic markets. Rural tourism focuses on ethnic minority culture, whereas eco- tourism includes the landscapes, flora, and fauna.

The integrated clusters are as follows: z Cluster A: Guiyang z Cluster B: Anshun z Cluster C: Kaili-Zhenyuan z Cluster D: Liping-Congjiang-Rongjiang z Cluster E: Libo z Cluster F: Xingyi-Anlong

Relation with the Master Plan

The project components are well-selected to fit with the context of these integrated clusters, since they are part of four clusters: Anshun, Kaili-Zhenyuan, Liping-Congjiang-Rongjiang, and Xingyi- Anlong. The relationship of the components with the integrated clusters is given in Table 4.1-1 below.

25 Table 4.1-1 Relation between the Project and the Clusters Cluster B: Anshun Cluster C: Kaili- Cluster D: Liping- Cluster F: Xingyi- Zhenyuan Congjiang-Rongjiang Anlong Tianlong fortress Jiuzhou Biasha Nachan cultural heritage protection Jiuzhou fortress Shiqiao Duliu River Dong Ethnic Xingyi National Geo- cultural heritage Cultural Heritage Protection Park protection Guanling National Bala river (Kaili) Yang A’Sha Miao Wangfenglin Geo-Park heritage protection Bala river (Leishan) LongLi Ancient Town Xijiang Zhaoxing Sanmu river Shidong Sanmentang

The Master Plan also sets out principles to be followed in the development of tourism resources that give priority to environmental and heritage protection. These principles are comprehensive and thus became the guideline for designing tourism markets in Guizhou. They are:

z Use of local, traditional construction materials that maintain the traditional architectural style z Control of tourism development resources so as to avoid over-exploitation and over- development in a given area z Control of tourist flow based on environmental carrying capacity assessment z Participation of local communities in the processes of planning, development and management of these schemes z Control of tourist behavior to prevent negligent abuse of tourist areas

The Master Plan defines three broad types of tourism for the province: Nature-based Tourism, Heritage-based Tourism and Rural Tourism. A number of tourism activities are proposed for each broad category and are summarized below:

z Nature-based Tourism: 1) Hiking within scenic sites and natural reserves 2) Sightseeing 3) Rafting and boating z Heritage-based Tourism: 1) Sightseeing (ethnic minority architecture, ancient towns and monuments) 2) Performances (dance, music, traditional lifestyles) 3) Handicraft sales (costumes, fabrics, silver, etc.) 4) Traditional guesthouse accommodation and ethnic cuisine z Rural Tourism: 1) Horse riding 2) Demonstration of farmhouse operations (including traditional farming practices and livestock breeding) 3) A combination of other nature and heritage-based activities described above

The above safeguard measures and the preferable category of activities are intended as criteria for the selection, identification and design of development schemes; this ensures that the objective of

26 the Master Plan can be reached. Both the feasibility study and the EIA project development followed the above criteria during the design stage.

Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Plan 2006

The Guizhou Provincial Government has realized the significant disparity between urban and rural areas in Guizhou. In 2003, the annual disposable income (per-capita) of the rural population was only 24% that of urban residents. The poverty reduction policy in Guizhou thus highlights the need to create employment opportunities and to increase the income of the rural population through a series of plans. One such plan is the 2006 Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Plan which promotes rural tourism development and ensures equitable spread of income in rural communities.

In June 2006, The China National Tourism Administration approved the Guizhou Provincial Rural Tourism Development Plan. The purpose of this plan is to provide strategic guidance for the development of Guizhou’s rural tourism sector, with special emphasis on ethnic and cultural tourism.

The Rural Tourism Development Plan identifies some 160 rural villages to be developed for rural tourism. The types of activities to be promoted largely reflect those contained in the Master Plan, and there is once again a focus on ethnic minority attractions.

In conjunction with the poverty reduction effort, the data of the State Department Poverty Alleviation Office indicates that 50 counties in Guizhou are included in the 592 poorest counties in China which are in need of focused poverty alleviation assistance. This project involves 13 of these counties: Leishan, Congjiang, Huangping, Jianhe, Rongjiang, Zhenfeng, Liping, Danzhai, Guanling, Taijiang, Jinping, Tianzhu, Shibing.

The Rural Tourism Development Plan proposes a model for the establishment of cultural and eco- museums at a number of pilot villages. Under this model, local communities would become shareholders in the tourism development companies and would receive a share of the economic benefits from these enterprises.

Guizhou Eleventh Five Year Socio-economic Plan

The Guizhou Eleventh Five-Year Socio-Economic Plan set new targets for the period of 2006-2011, as well as strategies to achieve these goals. The plan aims for a 25% annual increase in tourism revenue through the following proposed strategies: z Enhance infrastructure construction, specifically modern transportation infrastructure and information systems z Accelerate service industry growth (which is led by the tourism sector) by guiding tourism growth and by improving overall quality through the following actions: - Promote tourist attractions in Anshun, Libo and Liping-Congjiang-Rongjiang areas - Expand and diversify tourism beyond mere sightseeing tourism to include eco-tourism, ethnic minority tourism and leisure tourism - Use Guizhou’s tourism assets (ethnic minorities, karst landforms, and pristine natural environment) in a better and more sustainable fashion. - Comprehensively improve tourism infrastructure and facilities, including transport, accommodation, food services, shopping, and amenities. Continue implementing a good system for tourism management information, and introduce a special tender system for scenic sites (where needed).

27 Other Relevant Documents

A. Master Plan for Each Component Area

Each component area has developed a master plan that matches the Master Plan at provincial level. These more detailed plans cover the same information as the Master Plan, ranging from analysis of local conditions to the institutional arrangements for implementing development and environmental protection.

B. Strategic EA Study

To improve the sustainability of Guizhou’s tourism sector, the ERM undertook a Strategic EA (SEA) for the tourism sector in March 2007. The SEA assessed environmental and socio- economic impacts of tourism development, and subsequently improved the design and implementation of policies, plans, and programs. From the strategic and planning level, the SEA revealed a number of potential impacts on the natural environment and cultural heritage; it then made recommendations for the development of the tourism sector. During the preparation of this project’s EIA, the concerns in the SEA were addressed.

Legal Framework

Cultural Heritage Protection

The legal framework for the protection and management of cultural resources in China is strong. The Cultural Heritage Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (1982), the Law of Cultural Relic Protection (2002) and associated regulations provide the legal basis for protection of cultural relics in China.

The PRC Law of Cultural Relic Protection was issued in October 2002. It stipulates that construction and tourism development should comply with the policies of cultural relic protection. Damage to cultural relics caused by these activities is prohibited. The building of facilities that pollute cultural relics and their environment, and any other activities which may affect the safety and environment of cultural relics, are prohibited in ‘construction control zones’ or the ‘cultural relic protection unit.’ Any construction projects within the ‘construction control zone’ that threaten the historical environment are prohibited. The law also stipulates that existing facilities which have caused pollution to the cultural relic and its environment should be prosecuted.

Regulations of Cultural Protection in Guizhou Province were passed through the provincial congress on September 23, 2005 and became effective on November 1, 2005. These regulations stipulate that repair of intangible cultural assets should be subject to the provincial cultural administration, which will perform a review and approval of the conservation plan. The regulations also require that, prior to construction of large physical projects, archaeological investigation will be carried out under the coordination of the provincial cultural administration.

In 1985, the National People’s Congress ratified the UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of the World’s Cultural and Natural Heritage (The World Heritage Convention), thereby integrated international practices into Chinese regulation.

28 In relation to intangible heritage, in August 2004, China officially joined the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and there is a draft of Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage.

In 2000, the Principles of Conservation of Heritage Site in China (The Chinese Principles) were developed through a joint effort of China’s ICOMOS and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. The Chinese Principles are professional guidelines for conservation practices within the existing legislative framework.

Presently, there are no specific laws concerning tourism development in China, although the need for such a law has become evident due to the rapid development of China’s tourism industry over the last decade. A series of technical standards have been developed in recent years to provide technical guidance on tourism planning and facility development. For example, Measures for the Administration of Assessment and Appraisal of the Grades of Tour Guides and the Decision of China National Tourism Administration on Amending the Implementation Measures for the Administration of Tour Guides were approved.

The Chinese Government issued a notice on Strengthening the Protection of Cultural Heritages on Dec. 22, 2005 which highlights the need for maintenance of physical cultural heritage and the protection of national historical and cultural towns. Conservation of cultural heritage must be incorporated into the regional plans for rural and urban development. In addition, this official notice calls for the establishment of a qualification procedure for the professional teams for construction and repair, and the establishment of comprehensive technical specifications and standards for maintenance works.

A. Technical Standards for Cultural Heritage Repair and Maintenance

The PRC Law of Cultural Relic Protection has included the requirements for establishing technical standards for repair work and maintenance work on cultural heritage. In the past decade, about 20 sets of standards were issued, including the Technical Specifications for Maintenance and Reinforcement of Ancient Wooden Structures, Color Codes for Chinese Ancient Structures, and Design Specifications for Museums. However, given the diversified nature of cultural heritage, there are still many gaps in the standards for a variety of heritage types, such as stonework and silk textiles. Although a conservative approach is generally applied in the repair and maintenance of heritage, presence of new chemical materials offers an opportunity (and a threat) for these conservation projects. The Administration of Cultural Heritage has set up an expert committee to standardize the system.

B. Zoning Requirements for Cultural Protection Unit

Physical cultural heritage sites are preserved through the land use planning measures, which often classify the area surrounding and within the heritage site into a Core Protection Zone and a Construction Control Zone.

z The Core Protection Zone protects the integrity of the heritage itself, i.e. the part with intrinsic cultural value. It also protects the area or facilities where more stringent management measures and repair standards are applied z The Construction Control Zone buffers the core protection zone from any impacts on the landscape as a result of new constructions.

29 The management team of the historic and cultural towns is responsible for developing its own conservation plan for the cultural assets within its jurisdiction and is also responsible for supervising the implementation of that plan.

Environmental Assessment

The current technical guidelines for environmental assessment in China covers a wide range of impacts potentially resulting from construction activities and operation of facilities. However the guidelines and EA procedure has not set out any specific requirement for assessment of landscape and visual impact that would occur in scenic areas and geo-parks. Given the nature of geo-parks, where natural landscape is an cornerstone of the location, any visual impacts must be noted in the planning stage of the construction project, to ensure the integrity of the park.

The State Environmental Protection Law empowers provincial EPBs to issue such administrative procedures for the implementation of EIA within their jurisdiction.

Geological Relics Protection

The protection of geological relics has been ignored until recently (the past two decades) in China. With the passage of the Regulations on Establishment of Geological Natural Reserve in 1987, the protection of geological relics has been implemented within a legal context. An important official document, titled Geological Relics Protection Administration Regulation, was issued in 1995, which highlights the establishment of geo-parks to preserve geological relics; it also gives the institutional arrangements to administrate and regulate these areas, as well as the general principle for “active protection with rational development.” The general principle refers to a balance between a national need to preserve geological relics and a local interest in earning economic benefits from developing those relics.

The Ministry of Land Resources is empowered, with the assistance of the State Environmental Protection Bureau, to administrate the protection of geological relics in China. Meanwhile, the provincial administrations of land resources are empowered, with the assistance of the provincial environmental bureau, to manage the geological relics within their jurisdiction.

Since 2000, a series of attempts were made by the Ministry of Land Resources to establish national geo-parks in China. The application procedures, appraisal experts panel, appraisal standards and the guidelines for a National Geo-Park Master Plan (pilot draft) have been developed and issued since then. Presently, a total of 85 national geo-parks have been appraised and approved across China; 33 of those have been established.

To guide the establishment and management of national geo-parks, the Ministry of Land Resources has developed the Master Plan for Geological Relics Protection in China for 2001-2010. The Plan defines the following targets to be achieved at the initial stage (that is, by the end of the first ten- year period after geo-parks became promoted):

z Curb the trend of uncontrolled development on geo-relics z Effectively protect those high-value geo-relics which represent a particular/unique type z Complete the institutional structure necessary to oversee the protection of geo-relics z Establish geo-parks with a comprehensive set of interesting relics, reasonable locations, and appropriate management.

30 A. Zoning Requirement for Geo-Parks

Currently there are no specific planning requirements for National Geo-Parks that are applicable in China. However, relevant administrations have developed protection plans which contain the functional zones for the Geo-Parks under their jurisdiction. Generally, a typical protection plan for Geo-Parks requires that three basic zones be set up: for fundamental protection, scientific study, and tourism development, respectively.

1) Guanling National Geo-Park

The Protection Plan for Guanling National Geo-Park was prepared by Guizhou Provincial Geological Survey Institute and approved by the Guizhou Provincial Land Resource Bureau in 2002. The Plan has two types of function zones: a protection zone and a protective development zone. The protection zone includes core protection a sub- zone and a buffer sub-zone; while the protective development zone includes a central development sub-zone, a backup development sub-zone and a fossil protection sub- zone. Functions of these sub-zones are described in Table 4.1-2 below.

Table 4.1-2 Summary of the Sub-zones in Guanling Geo-Park Sub-zone Function Core protection This area covers the fossils and geological sites which are of significant sub-zone scientific and aesthetic value. The fossil groups within this area are under strict protection and are not subject to any discovery plan for any purpose including scientific study. These geological sites are protected from any development. Buffer sub-zone This area is zoned for protection of geological sites. This area is also zoned for scientific study with the scientific study plan being subject to approval by park administration. Scientific researchers are not allowed to get into this area before official approval is obtained. Central This area is the main part of the park and is thus zoned for initial development sub- development of the geological assets in the area. The development is zone centered on the fossil resources, followed by the associated geological assets, i.e. deposited rocks and deposited strata. Appropriate unearthing plans on the fossil assets, if necessary for the area, are allowed. It is also preferable to protect the unearthed fossil assets at the original sites, for the purpose of the exhibition museums. Backup sub-zone This area is zoned to provide the backup area for further development if the initial development in the central development sub-zone is successful and complete. Fossil protection This area is only zoned for long-term future development as the transport sub-zone facilities accessible to this area are not desirable for tourism development

2) Xingyi National Geo-Park

The Master Plan for Xingyi National Geo-Park is developed to promote tourism within the park, and thus the functional zoning emphasizes the development of tourism resources. The park is split into two zones: the peripheral protection zone and the tourism development zone.

The peripheral protection zone has an area of 1000 km2. Since previous disturbance by human settlement within this area is severe, and about one-fourth of the total

31 population of Xingyi Prefecture lives in this area, this area is zoned to control the following activities:

z Large-scale mining and quarry sites z Industries with severe pollution z Agriculture on slopes with a degree more than 25O

B. Protection of Fossil Resource

A draft Regulation for Protection of Fossils has been completed by the China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in March 2008. This regulation has classified the fossil resource into two types: key protection and general protection, with the two having varying levels. The key protection fossils are protected from trading and discovery exercises unless prior permission is given by the relevant regulatory agencies. The general protection fossils may be traded by certified persons and companies through a labeling system.

The key protection fossils are classified by the following criteria:

z Specimen for the identification and named fossil species z Rare vertebrates fossils in well-preserved condition z Rare or significant fossils that can be regarded as a stage in the process of biological evolution

One effective way to preserve the key protection fossils, as defined in the regulation, is to build fossil museums by qualified institutes or persons, provided that construction of the museum follows plans for fossil protection, safeguard facilities, and technical conditions that are necessary to keep the fossils safe.

The fossils discovered in the two Geo-parks are generally classified as key protection fossils, as listed in Section 5.6.2.

Scenic Area Planning

In 1999, a list of Specifications for Scenic Areas Planning was issued in China to specify the management of scenic areas. A very strict zoning requirement is included in the specification for national scenic areas, which can generally be divided into 5 sub-zones. They are: z Ecological reserve sub-zone is of great ecological importance and is not open for tourism, but is open for scientific study z Special scenic sub-zone is of special aesthetic value and is open for tourism, but vehicles and guest accommodation are prohibited, and facilities are limited to pathways and signs z Cultural heritage reserve sub-zone is of cultural and historical value and is open for tourism, but alteration, reconstruction and damage of cultural heritage is prohibited z Service sub-zone is intended for construction of guesthouses and paved roads. z General control sub-zone is intended for controlling construction in villages close to the scenic area.

In addition, the areas beside the control sub-zone that may suffer from activities (such as mining and industrial development) are generally marked as a buffer zone.

32 It is still unsure which national scenic areas will be affected by this project. Since this is the initial stage of such planning, there is no planning document currently available for review.

Institutional Arrangement

A. Land Resource Bureau

The Land Resource Bureau is in charge of planning, management, protection, appropriate use of land, and mapping of natural resources (i.e. land resources and mineral resources) within its jurisdiction. The Provincial Land Resource Bureau is also responsible for administrating the national geo-parks in the province by approving plans, as well as any development and protection policies.

B. Construction Bureau

The Construction Bureau is responsible for implementing relevant policies and regulations to oversee construction in its jurisdiction; it is also responsible for proposing urban and rural planning, scenic area planning, and policies on the construction sector. The Guizhou Provincial Construction Bureau is responsible for overseeing the planning and development of National Scenic Areas in Guizhou. The Ministry of Construction also reviews the application procedures for National-level Historical and Cultural Towns.

C. State Administration of Cultural Heritage

The State Administration of Cultural Heritage is under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. It is responsible for supervising the implementation of policies, regulations, and plans with regards to cultural heritage and the exhibition sector. It also reviews and approves the application procedures for National Historical and Cultural Towns. Any conservation plan that offers repairs to a National Cultural Protection Unit is subject to the review and approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage.

Guizhou Provincial Cultural Heritage Administration Bureau is under the supervision of the Guizhou Provincial Cultural Bureau. It is responsible for making the master plan; coordinating the implementation of this plan; offering guidance on planning, construction, and organization of museums/exhibitions for cultural relics; helping to apply for the status of national cultural protection unit; approval of provincial status cultural protection unit; and offering guidance about planning and protecting Historical and Cultural Towns, Ethnic Cultural Areas, and Ethnic Villages.

D. Provincial Tourism Administration

The Guizhou Provincial Tourism Administration is directly regulated by the Guizhou Provincial People’s Government. It is responsible for the implementation of relevant tourism laws, regulations, and policies; it also establishes tourism strategies, guidelines, plans, policies, and standards in Guizhou Province.

33 Baseline Conditions

General

Geographic Location

Guizhou Province is located in the southwest of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, borders Hunan province, Guangxi province, Yunnan province, Sichuan province and Chongqing City, which is in an important position connecting circumjacent provinces. It is also the major corridor connecting the south coastal areas with inland regions.

Guizhou province is located in the mountains of Yun-Gui Plateau with a total area of 176,100 km2, which account for 1.8 percents of the country. The average ground elevation is 1,100m in Guizhou, and the mountains are high and steep which slopes from west to east. One of the most outstanding landform is the widespread of distribution of mountainous and hilly area in Guizhou, which account for 92.5 percents of the provincial total area. It also is one of the typical karst landform regions in the world, which account for 61.9 percent of the total area in Guizhou.

Meteorological Condition

Guizhou is located in the low latitude region where subtropical humid monsoon climate prevails, characterized with plenty rainfall and without chilliness or torridity. The average temperature in January is 5.2o Celsius and 24.3 o Celsius in July. It is a wonderful travel and leisure destiny for summer.

History

Guizhou is one of the cradles of human culture in China with the history of human activity aged back to more than 60,000 years ago. The provincial military college was set in Guizhou since A.D.1382 with the first provincial administrative agency since A.D.1413.

Socio-Economic Conditions

Demographics and Population

In 2004, Guizhou’s population of 39 million comprised 26% (10.2 million) urban residents compared to 24$ in 2000. In 2000 the number of people aged 15-64 was 22.53 million (63% of the total population) and those aged above is 5.8% of the total.

Guizhou’s population density is 200 person/km2, which is higher than the national average and is tending upwards over time. The difference in population distribution between urban and rural areas is large and distribution by geographical area varies greatly The most populous place is in the central part of Guizhou.

Ethnic Minorities

Guizhou is home to 49 ethnic minority groups with a combined population of 13.39 million, which accounts for 38% of the total provincial population. Guizhou is one of four provinces in China with an ethnic population of more than 10 million. Ethnic groups whose population exceeds 100,000 include the Miao, Buyi, Dong, Tujia, Yi, Gelao, Shui, Hui and Bai. The total population of these

34 ethnic groups is the fifth largest in China, after Yunnan, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Guangxi. The Miao nationality is the largest ethnic minority group, with a population of 4.3 million , 12% of Guizhou’s total. Many ethnic groups are mixed and some of them are concentrated in small areas.

Economy and Poverty

Guizhou has a predominantly agricultural-based economy and the development of industry (apart from mining and heavy industry), and of the service sector (especially tourism), have lagged behind the rest of China. Despite exceptional growth in recent years, Guizhou remains the poorest province in China, with annual per capita GDP of only RMB 3,603 in 2005 compared to RMB 9,101 in China.

The total number of employed persons in Guizhou in 2005 was 22.5 million. In 2000, there were estimated 249,000 unemployed persons in the urban areas, with an unemployment rate of 5.4%. There are no official statistical information for rural employment. Government officials assume that all persons seeking employment are employed, but unofficial estimates suggest that in 2000 there was a labor surplus of some five million people in rural areas in Guizhou.

Over the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan (2001-2005), the number of persons living below the poverty line, defined in this period as less than RMB 625 of net income per capita, fell from 2.8 million in 2000 to 2 million in 2005. However, based on the 2005 Human Development Index (HDI) of different provinces in China, Guizhou ranks 30 out of 31 provinces, last before Tibet and after Yunnan. The situation of Guizhou compared with neighboring provinces of Sichuan(24), Guangxi(22) and Hunan(17) seems quite disadvantaged in term of human development. The per capita GDP increased from RMB 2,662 in 2000 to RMB 3,603 in 2005, but was still below the average of RMB 9,101 for China as a whole in 2005.

In 1995, around 10% of China’s poor lived in Guizhou. It is estimated that less than 2 million people. In general, poverty is higher in the rural and mountainous areas where 74% of the population live in Guizhou. Limited access, lack of social infrastructure, and a poorly developed agricultural-based sector all contribute to poverty in rural areas. The Government is making a sustained effort to reduce poverty. The number of poor assisted under the government programs between 2001 and 2005 was 400,000. In the same period the government assisted around 800,000 needy people (average income less than RMB 825) to avoid them falling into absolute poverty.

Administrative Districts

There are 4 prefectural cities, 3 minority autonomous prefectures and 2 prefectures in Guizhou, they are respectively Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun, Liupanshui, Qiandongnan, Qiannan, Qianxinan, Bijie and Tongren which administrate 9 county-level cities and 79 counties. The capital city, Guiyang is an important traffic hub for the southwest of China, where 4 trunk railways and a great number of highways are connected. Taking flight from Guiyang airport can reach more than 30 cities including Bangkok, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen,.

Natural Resources

Biodiversity

Owing to its long history of isolation, Guizhou is one of China’s most pristine environments. Guizhou has been called the kingdom of mountains and forests, and it is one of the most important

35 forested regions for China. It is an important geographical barriers in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and Zhujiang River with forest coverage rate averaging 34.9 percent.

There are over 1,000 species of wildlife in Guizhou, and 14 of which are national primary protected animals while 69 of which are secondary protected animals. It accounts for 13 percents and 25.7 percents of that in China respectively. There are 70 species of rare plants in Guizhou, 4 of which are national primary protected plants while 27 of which are secondary protected plants. It accounts for 50 percents and 18.9 percents of that in China respectively

Surface Water . The province is abundant in surface water resource including 980 rivers over 10 km in length. Surface water resources in Guizhou principally comprise two main river systems, The Yangtze and Pearl River basins. Annual precipitation in Guizhou is as high as 1,179 mm in 2005. Surface water quality in rural area is fairly good but in urban area and downstream of industrial facilities and mines the water quality is particularly poor.

Cultural and Natural Heritage Assets

World Natural Heritage

A joint effort was made by Libo of Guizhou Province, Shilin of Yunnan Province and Wulong of Chongqing City to apply for a world status natural heritage for their Karst Landform that widespread among these cities. It is also the first inter-provincial effort made in China to claim for a world status heritage. On June 27, 2007, this application was agreed in the 31st session of the conference in New Zealand to enter into the list of world natural heritage inventory.

This karst area covers 55 percent of the whole area of karst regions in China. Such karst landform follows a wide variety of extraordinary shapes: the sword and cylindrical tower shaped karst in Yunnan Shilin, the forest shaped karst in Guizhou Libo, the bridge, aperture and cave shaped karst in Chongqing Wulong. These karst landforms were formed in the previous period from 500 thousands years to 300 millions years with a total area of 1460 km2, in which the core area is 480 km2 and the buffer area is 980 km2.

The Libo Karst World Natural Heritage in Guizhou includes Maolan National Nature Reserve and the Daqikong-Xiaoqikong area in Zhang Jiang national scenic area.

Other Areas of Global Significance

Caohai, Fanjing Shan and Maolan nature reserves are classified as Important Bird Areas (IBA), by BirdLife International, a Non-Governmental Organization. IBAs are sites that provide essential habitat to one or more species of breeding, wintering, and/or migrating birds that are recognized by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as globally threatened species.

Fanjing Shan and Maolan nature reserves are UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserves. The biosphere reserve concept was developed initially in 1974 by UNESCO, aiming to improve the relationship of people with their environment. Unlike traditional nature reserves, biosphere reserve is characterized by having large human population living within their boundaries.

36 National Cultural and Natural Heritages

The National Natural Heritage and the combined Natural and Cultural Heritage Directory was promulgated by Ministry of Construction in April 2005. It established the three-level declaration and protection system for the national heritage preliminary directory, world heritage preliminary directory and world heritage directory, in order to enhance the management of heritage resource. There are 4 scenic areas listed in the national heritage directory which are Huangguoshu Falls and Fortress, Malinghe Canyon, Pingtang; and the Huangguoshu and Fortress are both Natural and Cultural Heritage.

There are 6 scenic areas selected in the proposed national heritage directory prepared during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. These are Pingtang, Huangguoshu Falls and Fortress, Chishui Alsophila spinulosa natural heritage, Baili rhododendron forest parks, Libo Zhangjiang, Malinghe canyon, and the Libo Zhangjiang is the South China Karst world heritage site, the Huangguoshu and Fortress are both Natural and Cultural Heritages.

Other Cultural and Natural Heritages

A. Nature Reserves

There are 130 nature reserves in Guizhou with a total area of 961,000 ha, or roughly 5.5% of Guizhou’s total area. There are 7 national level reserves such as Fanjing Mountain, Leigong Mountain, Libo Maolan, Weining meadow, 3 provincial level reserves, 22 prefectural/municipal level reserves and 98 county-level reserves.

B. Forest Parks

The Ministry of Forestry selects areas of forest that possess suitable ecotypes and scenic landscapes to establish parks that are managed for recreation, conservation, cultural and scientific activities. In most cases, forest parks have been established on lands that have been deforested in the past and now replanted with native species for environmental protection, as well as with rare and endangered trees. Guizhou has established 50 forest parks with a total area of 210,000 ha; 19 at national level, 23 at provincial level and eight at county level.

C. Geo-Parks

To protect the geological relics created in the long evolution period of the earth, the Ministry of Land Resource promulgated a series of documents to set up national geo-parks in China. There are six established national geo-parks and two provincial-level geo-parks in Guizhou.

D. Scenic Areas

Based on scenic amenity, cultural or scientific values, there are many outstanding natural and cultural landscapes in Guizhou. The best of these landscapes, especially those that occurred over a substantial area and included many features of interest are protected at national, provincial and county levels as designated scenic areas. There are 13 national level scenic areas and 56 provincial level scenic areas in Guizhou. Collectively they have a total area of 1,208,600 ha, which is 5.8% of total provincial land area.

E. Folk Customs

37 Due to the long history of isolation, a wide variety of ethnic cultural festivals over 1000 are held each year in Guizhou, besides the traditional Spring Festival and New Year. The distribution of major minority cultural villages for tourism in Guizhou is shown in the Figure 5.5-1 and Figure 5.5-2.

Figure 5.5-1 Guizhou Ethnic Cultural Tourism Strategy Map

Figure 5.5-2 Guizhou Main Tourist Attraction Map

Cultural and Natural Heritages in Project Area

Scenic Areas

There are 3 national scenic areas and 3 provincial scenic areas involved in the project, they are: y Wuyang River National Scenic Area; y Malinghe Canyon-Wanfeng Lake National Scenic Area; y Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area y Rongjiang Ancient Banyan Provincial Scenic Area; y Tiantai Mountain-Shilahe Provincial Scenic Area; and y Jinping Sanbanxi-Longxi Ancient Town Provincial Scenic Area.

Although relevant national regulations require that functional zoning is palled within the scenic areas at national level, the scenic areas in the project area is in its initial stage of such planning. The final zoning planning for these affected scenic areas will be completed pending on the preliminary design of the components in the areas. The Guizhou Construction Commission has issued an official document to confirm this approach.

A. Wuyang River National Scenic Area

The Wuyang River National Scenic Area covers an area of 620 km2. The Master Plan for Wuyang River National Scenic Area indicates that there are 10 regions within this area to be developed for tourist attraction. Closely associated with the project are Shamu River Scenic Area and the Jiuzhou Ancient Town in Huangping.

y Shamu River Scenic Area The Shamu River Scenic Area is one of the 10 most important scenic regions of Wuyang River National Scenic Area. This area is located in Shibing County, in the central part of Wuyang River National Scenic Area. Shamu River Scenic Area is located in the northwest of Shibing County, with the distance of 14 km to the urban area. The environment around the starting point and ending point of boat driftage sport in Shamu River shows in Figure 5.6-1. This scenic area can be divided into 4 sub-areas including Shechong, Huangtunei, Zijinguan and Jiangjiatian, with a total area of 96 km2. There are 19 scenic spots in the Shamu River Scenic Area, which are comprised by beautiful natural landscapes formed by water and steep ridges. The Shamu River is a branch of Wuyang River in a length of 44km and a gradient of 640m. There are 1800 residents living in the area, and 7 villages located along the road from Shibing to Yuqing and 3 villages located along the Shamu River. The main traffic of the scenic area is the road from Shibing to Yuqing with the length of 22km within the scenic area, 17km of which

38 connects Shibing and Yangliutang station. There are 6km roadway and 6km pathway in the scenic area. The driftage was started from 1995 in the reach of Baishajing in Jiangjiatian.

Figure 5.6-1 The Environmental Status of Driftage Area in Shamuhe Scenic Area

y Huangping Jiuzhou Ancient Town The Jiuzhou Town is one of the 10 scenic regions of Wuyang River National Scenic Area. It is also recognized as one of the 10 famous historical and cultural towns and one of the 20 important protection and construction minority towns in Guizhou. It is also designated as a pilot unit in the small town construction program, and one of the 5 economic development towns in Qiandongnan prefecture. A picture of the street in Jiuzhou Town is given in Figure 5.6-2. The assembly halls in Jiuzhou include Sichuan hall (Chuanzhu temple), Jiangxi hall (Wanshou palace), Linjiang hall (Renshou palace), Fujian hall (Tianhou Temple), Jiangnan hall and so on. There are 4 gates in each side of this town, and another small gate in the west with thousands of emplacements, 5 water falls and 1 water gate. It is seeking a status of National Famous Historical and Cultural Town.

Figure 5.6-2A The Environmental Status of the Streets in Huangping Jiuzhou Ancient Town

Figure 5.6-2B The Environmental Status of the Streets in Huangping Jiuzhou Ancient Town

B. Malinghe Canyon-Wanfeng Lake National Scenic Area

This national scenic area is located in the Xinyi county and Anlong county of Qianxinan prefecture, with the total area of 450 km2. The Malinghe Canyon Scenic Area includes the Malinghe canyon, Xifenglin, Dongfenglin, and the Wanfeng Lake, which was designated as the provincial scenic area in 1987 and one of the third groups of national scenic areas approved by the State Council.

The Wanfenglin Scenic Area is located within the Malinghe Canyon-Wanfeng Lake National Scenic Area. The Wanfenglin scenic area is formed by thousands of steep ridges. It is bordered by Xingba road to the south east, by Malinghe canyon to the west, and by Nanpan River to the north. It covers an area of nearly 6.7km2. The picture of Xifenglin scenic area is shown in Figure 5.6-3.

Figure 5.6-3 The Environmental Status of the Xifenglin Scenic Area

C. Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area

The Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area covers 15 villages and towns, including Gaotun, Defeng, Hongzhou, Shangzhong, Shuikou, Zhaoxing, Longe, Maogong, Bazai, Yandong, Koujiang, Shuangjiang, Diping in Liping counties. The total area is 159 km2.

The Zhaoxing town involved by the Zhaoxing Dong cultural heritage protection is located in the Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area A picture of Zhaoxing Dong Village is shown in Figure 5.6-4

39 Figure 5.6-4 The Environmental Status of Zhaoxing Dong Village

D. Rongjiang Ancient Banyan Provincial Scenic Area

This component mainly involves the Shanbao Dong village scenic area. The Shanbao Dong village includes three parts of Shangbao, Zhongbao and Xiabao, which are the intensive agglomeration of Dong with 2,467 households and the population of 13,197. The main minority customs of Shanbao Dong village include roadblocks songs, roadblocks toast, sing over the night, dragon performance, sing in the feast, drama of Dong, wedding customs and the folk festivals of Shama and Chixin and so on. There are the highest village drum-tower of Dong over the world and 38 ancient banyans, 35 of which are over 300 years old. The environmental status of Shanbao Dong village scenic area is shown in Figure 5.6-5. The Shanbao village involved by the Chejiang Shanbao village cultural heritage protection is located in the Rongjiang ancient banyan provincial scenic area.

Figure 5.6-5 The Environmental Status of Sanbao Dong Villages

E. Tiantaishan-Shilahe Provincial Scenic Area

The Tianlong Town is in the Tiantaishan scenic area of Tiantaishan-Shilahe Provincial Scenic Area. There are 15 scenic sites such as Wulong Temple which is a national–level cultural relics unit. The primary forest and Tianlong fortress ancient town in the Tiantaishan scenic area. The core area is 67km2. The environment status of Tianlong ancient town is shown in Figure 5.6-6.

Figure 5.6-6 the Environmental Status of Tianlong Ancient Town

F. Jinping Sanbanxi-Longli Ancient Town Provincial Scenic Area

The Longli ancient town involved by Longli ancient town heritage protection is part of the Jinping Sanbanxi-Longli ancient town provincial scenic area. It has been successfully listed in the second group of provincial historical and cultural towns in Guizhou. In March 1999, China Government and Norway Government signed a cooperation intention letter to construct the Guizhou Ecological Museum Group. In December 1999, Guizhou Provincial Government approved the proposal for construction of ecological museum in Longli ancient town. In 2001, Longli ancient town ecological museum has been agreed to join the group of international museum association. This ecological museum is classified into protection zone, control zone and buffer zone. The total area is 530,000 m2, and the area in the ancient town is 4,817m2 with a perimeter of 1,500m. The main cultural relics in the ancient town include Longbiao College, Zhuangyuan Temple, Zhuangyuan Bridge, traditional houses, water systems. The Longbiao College is a key cultural relic protection unit in Jinping county. The environmental status of Longli ancient town is shown in Figure 5.6-7.

Figure 5.6-7A The Environmental Status of Longli Ancient Town

Figure 5.6-7B The Environmental Status of Moat

Figure 5.6-7C The Environmental Status of Resettlement Area

Geo-Parks

40 There are 2 national geo-parks to be involved in the project. They are the Guanling National Geo- Park and Xingyi National Geo-Park. The functional zoning and classification of protection of fossils in the two geo-parks are discussed in Section 4.3.3.

A. Guanling National Geo-Park

The Guanling National Geo-Park is located in the Xinpu Village in Guanling County, which is in the southwest of Guizhou. The area of the park is 26km2, the area of protection zone is 200km2 with the core area of 0.94km2. This park includes 15 villages of Shangjiuda, Xiajiuda, Sanjiazai, Shazitian, Daao, Xiaoao, Maoao, Hongyan, Wufangzai, Duimianshan, Wenjiatian, Pingpo, Baobaozai, Huangtutang and Xita. The Huajiang Canyon Provincial Scenic Area is 35 km to the south of the park.

The Guanling Geo-Park is underlied with lime stones and rocks formed in the Late Triassic. The vegetative covers are rare and the rocks are strongly weathered. The features of interest of the park include fossils and associated statra landscape. Relevant studies indicate that the discovered fossils of fish, sea reptiles and sea lily are the most valuable fossil groups in the world in term of integrity, species and quantity. Thus it is generally regarded as an unique treasure of marine animal fossils that is very valuable for study of the Late Biassic.

The main species of marine animal fossils are listed in the following box:

Box 5.1: Fossil Resource in Guanling National Geo-Park Category Name of fossil species Marine reptile Ppanjiangsaurus epicharis Xinpusaurus bamaolinensis Neosinasaurus hoangi Wayaosaurus belles Wayaosaurus geei Xixosaurus guanglingensis Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Xinpusaurus suni Guanlingsaurus liangae Psephochelys polyosteoderma Sinocyamodus xinpuensis Sinocyamodus xinpuensis Fish Parvicorona dacrysulca Annulicorona pyramidalis Sea lily Traumatocrinus guanlingensis Traumatocrinus xinpuensis Plant Ctenozamites sarrani Equisetites arenaceus Cephalopod Paratrachyceras baiyanenses Paratrachyceras guanling Enoploceras xinpuense Alloceratites sp Sibyllites cf. tenuispinatus Other Theelia planorbicula

The picture of Guanling national geological park is shown in Figure 5.6-8.

41 Figure 5.6-8 Guanling National Geo-Park

B. Xingyi National Geo-Park

The Xingyi National Geo-Park is located in the Xinyi County of Qianxinan Prefecture. Establishment of the Geo-Park was approved by Ministry of Land Resource on January 19, 2004. It is the first geo-park ever established in Guizhou. Completion of the park was on September 28, 2005. The Xingyi National Geo-Park is famous for the locally called Guizhou dragon fossil (Keichousaurushui) and the typical cone and tower karst topographical features (see Figure 2.6-9). The park includes 8 scenic areas, including Malinghe Canyon area, Xifenglin rural scenic area, Dongfenglin lake scenic area, Dingxiao Guizhou dragon scenic area, Wusha Guizhou dragon scenic area, Nidang stone forest scenic area, Pogang karst ecological area, and Wanfeng Lake area . The area of this park is 350km2, and the peripheral protection area is 1000 km2.

The Dingxiao Guizhou dragon scenic area is located in the east of Dingxiao. It includes the Luyin village and the discovery site of Guizhou dragon. Discovery of Xingyi Dingxiao Guizhou Dragon marks the start of the study of marine reptiles fossils formed in the Triassic in Asia. The representative species of fossils discovered in the geo-park are Keichousaurushui, Lariosaurus shingyiensis, Peltopleurus orienlalis, Asialepidotus shingyiensis and Sinoeugna thus kueichowensis. .

Figure 5.6-9 The Guizhou Dragon Museum and the Guizhou Dragon Fossil

Protected Cultural Relics Unit

There are 2 cultural relics protection units involved in the project, they are the Shiqiao White Paper Workshops and Sanmentang Ancient Buildings Complex.. A. Shiqiao White Paper Workshops

The Shiqiao White Paper Workshops are located in the Shiqiao village of Danzai County in Qiandongnan prefecture. The white paper workshops in Shiqiao can be dated back to the Han dynasty period. It is a cultural relics protection unit and one provincial preservation unit of cultural relics and is one component in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory.

B. Sanmentang Ancient Buildings Complex

The Sanmentang Ancient Building Complex is in the Benchu Town of Tianzhu County in Qiandongnan Prefecture. The archetectural style of the builingds complex is a representative of the North Dong culture. There are over 300 ancient steles, 68 ancient trees, 28 ancient buildings, 20 ancient wells, 17 pounds, 6 stone arched bridges, 10 stone slab bridges, 12 stone slab roads, over 30 cobble roads and so on in the village. Most of the buildings were built during the Qianlong Emperior period and the Jiaqing Emperior period of Qin Dynasty, over 400 years old. It is well known for the abundance and well preserved intergrity of the cultural relics of Qing Dynasty in China. The Liu Ancestral Hall (Figure 5.6-10) has been acknowledged for the National Cultural Relics Protection Unit.

Figure 5.6-10 The Liu Ancestral Hall in Sanmentang

42 Famous Historical and Cultural Town

A. Jiuzhou Ancient Town

The component of Jiuzhou Ancient Town cultural heritage protection involves the Jiuzhou town of Anshun City which is one of the first group towns awarded with the title of provincial famous historical and cultural towns in 2006 (Figure 5.6-11). Jiuzhou Ancient Town is 25 km northwest to Huangping County. Most of the ancient buildings were built in the period from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. The well known ancient buildings are Renshou Palace, Tianhou palace, Wenchang Palace, Fuzhong Bridge and Dayuan Residencial Buildings. The total area of the ancient town is 1.4 km2, and the peripheral construction control area is 110.38 km2. On 25 may, 2006, the Jiuzhou Ancient Town has been listed in the Inventory of National Cultural Relics Protection Unit. It is making an effort to claim the status of National Famous Historical and Cultural Town.

Figure 5.6-11 The Environmental Status of Streets in Jiuzhou Fortress

B. Xijiang Miao Villages

The component of Xijiang Miao cultural heritage protection involves the Xijiang Miao Village (Figure 5.6-12) of Leishan County in Qiandongnan prefecture which is the provincial famous historical and cultural town and one of the 13 key ethnic minority villages to be protected and developed. The Xijiang thousands-household village is known as the culture and art museum of Miao as it is the largest Miao village with the integrated ecological culture of Miao, and it is one village in the third group of National Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in 2007.

Figure 5.6-12 Xijiang Miao Villages

Other Cultural Heritages

Other cultural heritage protection components involve the protection on intangible cultural heritages and training programs for the protection and development of minority finery, craft, festivals, songs and dances. The typical intangible heritages in the regions involved by the project are as the following: . A. Biasha Gunman Tribe

Biasha is the famous gunman culture village, and it is known as the unique ethnic cultural of gunman tribe in the world and reaggarded as an ancient ecological culture museum of Miao. The most distinctive feature of Biasha is the warrior image of men with bob (Figure 5.6-13). The people of Miao in this tribe still live the primitive life. The Biasha village was classified as one of the 10 key minority villages of Guizhou for conservation.

Biasha village has preserved the prestine ecological environment where vegetation is not disturbed and and ancient trees are protected. The people of Biasha live by growing rice and hunting, and believe in the Kinokami and Titan. The tribal folk culture is also distinctive, for example, the boys of 7 to 15 years old will be tonsured by shaikh with the sickle which is sharpened with the water boiled eggs. The boy should keep the hairstyle which only retains hair at the top all the lifetime. When the boy is 15 years old, he will be granted with a shotgun from

43 his farther which marked the start of independent life of the boy as an adult. The most distinctive features of the men in Biasha village are black clothes, huge black trousers, the tobacco bag on waist, the gourd contained bullet, horn, machetes and guns on shoulders. The features of women there are partial bun, insert with wooden comb, and the triangular skirt printed graphics.

The Biasha villagers worship the Titan. The people will line up and face to the direction where the sun rises and retreat seven-step before the start of congregation. They also worship the Kinokami and hold memorial ceremony for the trees in the festival. When they died, the corpse will be buried with the cover of black cloth and bound with bamboo twig. There will grow a tree upon the grave without the rideau. For this reason, the Biasha villager is abundance of trees and without tombs.

Figure 5.6-13 Biasha Gunman

B. Xiaohuang Traditional Chorus of Dong

Xiaohuang Village has been well known as the Village of Folk Culture and Arts for Dong traditional chorus. It is an important ethnic minority cultural tourism destiny in Chongjiang County.

Xiaohuang Village is famous for Dong traditional chorus. All the residents there love songs. Besides the famous chorus, there are more than 10 types of songs such as love song, lute song, cicada song, acceptance songs, toast song, fiesta song, labor song, narrative song and so on. There are 52 singing groups with a total population of 2,000 including both the youth and elder. It preserves the tradition that songs passed from old people to childeren, and young people is the mainstream to sing songs.. In the Xiaohuang Village, everyone can sing, and the songs permeate through everything of all times. The songs are not only performed in festivals but also when the young men and women fall in love, as well as the welcome and valediction for guest. The Dong traditional chorus of Xiaohuang village is a chorus without music instruments and guide. The alt, mediant and bourdon integrated coordination with the perfect harmony, and the gentle euphemism style, the elegant beautiful melody of the chorus are famous in the world. The chorus is lead by one primary singer and the others sing for chorus. The wonderful melody can bring the audiences into the beautiful harmony of nature.

The folk customs of Xiaohuang village are simple, especially the Sing Over the Night and the Valentine’s Day When night comes, couples in pairs meet in the drum-tower, the flower bridge, the bamboo grove or the stream bank with amorism through the night. The Valentine’s Day of Xiaohuang village is the June 5 and 6 in lunar calendar. In that day, the married men and women over 40 years old will dress up and take sticky rice bowl and salted fish to date with former lovers. They will climb up the hillside hand by hand, recalling the stories in the past years, singing love songs from morning til the next day. Therefore, Xiaohuang village is called as the Village without Night.

Figure 5.6-14 The Grils of Xiaohuang Village Perform Chorus of Dong

B. Raohao tin embroidery

Raohao tin embroidery is a special craft of Miao in the villages in Jianhe County, such as Raohao village and Liufu village. It is regarded as the symbol for wisdom by the Miao and

44 considered as the clear distinguishment from other minorities. The tin embroidery is a kind of exquisite handicrafts with clear pattern, unique material and high appreciation and collection value. The tin embroidered costumes which looks like silver clothes is characterized by the silvery white tin sheets embroider into dark blue cotton cloth. It is extremely ornate and elegant with the decoration of silver hat, silver earrings, silver necklace, and silver bracelet. Because of the unique features of tin embroidery, it is the favorite sovanir to tourists. The producing area of tin embroidery such as Raohao village and Liufu village is located along the banks of Qinshui River where human development is rare. The villages have been planed as the tourism sites and the window of tin embroidery culture by Jianhe County Government.

C. Sister Rice Day of Shidong Town

The Sister Rice Day of Shidong Town has been listed in the first group of national non- materialintangible heritage inventory. The Canoe Day, the costume of Miao and the drama of Miao has been listed in the second group of national intangible heritage inventory.

The Sisters Rice Day is on March 15 each year in lunar calender. Before the festival, all the families become busy with preparing the food and drink. They collect a kind of local flower, called sister flowers, and various dyes and, then mix with the sticky rice to produce the so- called Sisters Rice. On the festival the girls prepare the eggs, meat, wine, fish and sister rice and present to the visiting boys. They play musical instruments in daytime while drinking and singing at night. When they are singing, the boys will ask the girls for sisters rice, and the girls will give them no matter whether she knows the boy or not. It is interesting that the different things hided in the sister rice have different implications. If the girl hides pine needle, it means the boy should present embroider needle and thread to her, the greengrocery means marry me, the cotton means missing and the cayenne or garlic means break off a friendship. The festival usually lasts for 3 days with the activity of step on drums, musical performance, bullfight, horse race and bird-fight. It is a distinctive festival full of youthful vitality and love.

Figure 5.6-15 The Sister Rice Day of Miao in Shidong County

D. Nachan Buyi Culture

Nachan village is located in the east of Mingu Town, Zhenfeng County, with the distance of 6km to the urban area. Nachan village is one of the most ancient and largest Buyi villages in China, which is calssified into Class A Scenic Area by the Master Plan for tourism Development in Guizhou.

Nachan has been granted with the status of the village of culture and art by the Provincial Culture Office. When the boys are playing dragon performance and blowing trombone, and girls are performing the brush dance, copper-drum dance, weave dance, bamboo hat dance and harvest dance, the audience seem to be taken into the sea of folk art. The traditional festivals of Buyi are on March 3, April 8, and July 15. The June 6 song festival is the most ceremonious festival of Buyi and Zhenfeng County. On that day, all the Buyi people will gather there for the contest of singing as well as other folk activities. It is also a good chance for boys to make friends with girls. Nowadays the June 6 has become the festival for all the people in Zhenfeng County, the government holds the June 6 folk culture and art festival every year in Nachan village and Shanchahe village.

45 The customs of production, weddings and funerals, hospitality, festivals, language, dress, culture and entertainment are consistent with the ancient form of Buyi. The folk customs such as three times drink, bamboo music, singing, copper drum dance, dragon performance and the flower lamp is romantic and rusticitic. The tourist can appreciate that once entering the Buyi village.

E. Bala River Miao cCulture

The Bala river basin is the one of the most distingtive tourism regions in Guizhou where the the primitive customs of Miao is maintained and the landscape is printinely beautiful. The Bala river basin tourism region is one of the nine clusters for critical tourism development in the Master Plan for Guizhou Tourism Development. The scope of Bala river basin tourism region extends along Bala river from the Longjing of Sankeshu town in Kaili County to the Danjiang town of Leishan County, with a total length of 20km and a width of 6km. This region includes 8 Miao villages of Longjing, Huaiengbao, Nanhua, Jidao, Delangshang, Nanmeng, Jiaomeng and Maomaohe. The Bala river basin has been classified as the Top Ten Original and Natural Tourism Areas and the Top Ten Laps of Minority Culture.

The Nanhua village, as the earliest tourism development area in Guizhou, has been granted with the demonstration unit of ecological economiy by the State Ministry of Agriculture. The Delangshang village has been granted with the village of folk art in China by the State Ministry of Culture, and was approved as the key national preservation unit of culture relics and the one of the 100 characteristic open-air museums by the State Council. The tourism region also include the scenic sites such as the former residence of Dalu Yang, the Baoye bridge, Yuqin bridge, ancient emplacement and the military castle.

Environmental Management

Solid Waste Management

The cities in Guizhou have limited enironmental sanitary capacity to cope with the municipal solid wastes. As of 2005, Guizhou had a total of eight municipal solid waste landfills, located in municipalities such as Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun, Liupanshui and Kaili. Together they have a total capacity of 4,112 ton/day. According to Guizhou Enviornmental Status Bullitin (2005), the average solid waste treatment rate in 2005 is 26.7%. It implies that a significant volume of solid waste is being disposed by other means, which are generally open dumping , tipping down hills lopes, burning and using as compost or animal feed.

All landfills are located in cities or urban centers in counties, and there is no formal solid waste collection or arrangements for disposal of solid waste in rural area. It is a common situation of solid waste management in rural areas in China as a whole.

Traditionally, the people in rural areas in Guizhou adopt an environment friendly approach to manage their domestic solid waste. As the economic level of the households in the rural area is very low, the constituents of domestic solid waste vary largely from that in urban areas in China, with more inorganics such as ash and virtually waste food and metal. The domestic solid wastes generated from each household are often hand sorted at source and organics composted with night soils for agricultural application, while the part of inorganics that can be reused or recycled such as paper and glass are collected and sold to the local recyclables collection stations. The remaining inorganics are mainly ash that is often used to spread in the pigsties.

46 As aknowledged in the Master Plan, the increased solid waste amount resulting from tourism development in rural areas has been considered in the local environmental infrastructure development plans. In the centers of county/town, new sanitary landfills are being planned to cope with the problem of solid wastes.

Wastewater Treatment

Guizhou has a very limited capacity for municipal wastewater treatment. By 2007, there are only 16 completed municipal wastewater treatment plants in the province, providing the total service capacity of 0.57 million m3/d which accounts for 29.02% of the total municipal wastewater flow per day in the province. The treatment capacity is largely concentrated in major cities, such as 4 WWTPs in Guiyang (34.71% treatment ratio), 1 in Liupanshui (33.17% treatment ratio), 7 in Zunyi (45.14% treatment ratio), 1 in Bijie (45.63% ratio), 1 in Qiandongnan Prefecture (20.81%0 and 2 in Qianxinan Prefecture (24.26%).

The wastewater treatment is rare in rural areas in the province. Most of the wastewater is discharged directly into adjacent wasters, causing severe pollution in some reaches of river, particularly in planting seasons.

Environmental Baseline in Project Cities

Environmental Concerns

Most construction sites of the project are located in the rural areas without industrial pollutantion sources or the pollution from sewage discharge, air pollution, noise pollution and solid waste problems. There are diversified climate, topography, landform and minority culture, which constitute the precious tourism resource. However, a number of environmental concerns are rising from the recent development in the rural areas, they are:

A. Environmental Pressure due to Population Growth

The regions involved in this project are typical karst territory with mountainous, rugged terrain and underground rivers, in which condition the forest grow slowly and need a long period to be resumed once they have been destroyed. After the field investigation, it is found that most of the forests in the regions are over-exploited, the forest coverage tends to decrease, the degradation of soil erosion and desertification is being a great envirnmental concern..

The arable land is limited while the population is large in the regions. All the residents and the arable land are concentrated in narrow valleys. The demand for arable land will increase due to the growth of population, which cause overgrazing, excessive cutting and reclamation of forest.

B. Inadequate Infrastructure Service

The investment in facilities of traffic, energy and sanitation is limited. The traffic condition is terrible in many minority villages. Because electrical facilities are limited, the residents are used to getting energy from firewood, which diminishes the ecological balance. Most of the villages are lack of garbage disposal facilities, even the livestock are raised very close to the house.

47 The regions involved in this project are almost located in remote areas, where is lack of access to market information and qualified personnel. The education has been developed rapidly recently. More and more people get good education in these regions, but the education service level is still lower than the average level of China. The lack of education and information is the most important factor which restrict the development of local society.

The detailed environmental status of the regions involved in the project is listed in annexed Table 2.

Environmental Monitoring Results

The EA team was engaged the environmental monitoring stations of Anshun City, Qiandongnan prefecture and Qianxinan prefecture to carry out the environmental monitoring program on water environment, ambient air and acoustic environment at the project areas in November 2007. The monitoring results of each component area are given in the following.

A. Monitoring Results of Anshun City

y Surface Water Quality

The surface water quality data of Benzai section in Yunfeng River of Jiuzhou, Anshun City was monitered and provided by Anshun Environment Monitoring Station in December, 2007, as listed in the Table 5.8-1.

According to the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GB3838-2002), the water quality indexs of DO, NH3-N can meet the requirement of Class II, and other indexs can meet the requirement of Class I. As a whole, the water quality of the section can meet the requirement of Class I and comply with the environmental function requirement.

Table 5.8-1 Surface Water Quality of Yunfeng River Section unit: mg/l Seria Monito Surface Water Environment Quality Benzai section l ring Standard (GB8978-2002) Class numb parame Aver 12.4 12.5 / I II III er ters age Tempe 1 rature 11 11 11 / / / / / (oC) 2 pH 8.16 7.96 / I / 6~9 6~9 6~9 3 DO 6.02 6.28 6.15 II 7.5 6 5 Perman 4 ganate 0.65 1.22 0.94 I 2 4 6 index

5 CODcr 3.19 3.88 3.54 I 15 15 20

6 BOD5 0.6 0.35 0.48 I 3 3 4

7 NH3-N 0.23 0.17 0.2 II 0.15 0.5 1 Fecal Colifor 8 70 92 80 I 200 2000 10000 m (one/l)

48 y Ambient Air Quality

The Ambient air quality data of Benzai village in Jiuzhou, Anshun City were monitered and provided by Anshun Environment Monitoring Station in December, 2007, as listed in Table 5.8-2. According to the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), the ambient air quality can meet the requirement of Class II and comply with the environmental function requirements.

Table 5.8-2 Ambient Air Quality in Benzai Village in Jiuzhou 3 3 Date of Sampling NO2(mg/m ) TSP(mg/m ) December 4th 0.004 0.133 December 5th 0.007 0.105 December 6th 0.008 0.086 Class II II GB3095-1996 Class II (daily average) 0.12 0.30

y Acoustic Environment Quality

The acoustic environment quality data of Benzai village in Jiuzhou, Anshun City were monitered and provided by Anshun Environment Monitoring station in December, 2007, as listed in Table 5.8-3. According to the Urban Area Noise Standard (GB3096-93), the acoustic environment quality can meet the requirement of Class II which comply with the environmental function requirements.

Table 5.8-3 Noise monitoring result of Benzai village in Jiuzhou Unit: dB Urban Area Noise Standard (GB3096-93) Monitering result (Leq) Date Class II Daytime (12:00) Nighttime (22:00) Daytime Nighttime December 49.6 43.9 60 50 4th

B. Monitoring Results of Qiandongnan Prefecture

y Surface Water Quality

The surface water quality data of Qiandongnan Prefecture were monitered and provided by Qiandongnan Environment Monitoring Station in November, 2007, as listed in Table 5.8-4. According to the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GB3838-2002), the surface water quality indexs of pH, DO, NH3-N, COD, BOD5, Permanganate Index and Fecal Coliform in Xiaohuang village of Congjiang County, Shiqiao village of Danzai County, Longli ancient town of Jinping County, Sanbao village of Rongjiang County, Sanmentang village of Tianzhu County can meet the requirement of Class II and comply with the environmental function requirements.

Table 5.8-4 Surface Water Quality of Qiandongnan Prefecture unit: mg/l Seria Longli Xiaohuang Shiqiao Sanbao Sanmentang l Paramete ancient town numb rs 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.20 11.21 11.13 11.14 11.19 11.20 11.21 er 8 5 6

49 Table 5.8-4 Surface Water Quality of Qiandongnan Prefecture unit: mg/l Seria Longli Xiaohuang Shiqiao Sanbao Sanmentang l Paramete ancient town numb rs 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.20 11.21 11.13 11.14 11.19 11.20 11.21 er 8 5 6 Temperat 1 ure 19 19 17.5 17.5 18.5 18.5 19.5 19.5 18 18 (oC) 2 pH 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.1 7.1 7.1 7 3 DO 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.4 Permang 4 anate 2.54 2.63 0.92 0.78 1.7 1.61 0.94 0.96 1.62 1.55 index 5 CODcr 5L 5L 5L 5L 6.7 6.7 5L 5L 5L 5L 6 BOD5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 0.04 0.03 0.04 7 NH -N 0.177 0.184 0.034 0.032 0.034 0.028 0.036 3 4 7 4 Fecal 8 Coliform 1650 1120 450 310 550 680 650 510 460 660 (one/l) Flux 9 0.08 0.16 0.02 6.5 226 (m3/s) y Ambient Air Quality

The Ambient air quality data of Qiandongnan Prefecture were monitered and provided by Qiandongnan Environment Monitoring Station from November 26th to December 6th, 2007, as listed in Table 5.8-5. According to the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095- 1996), the ambient air quality indexs of TSP, NO2 of Xintuan drum-tower in Liping County, the Samu river scenic area of Shibing County can meet the requirement of Class I and comply with the environmental function requirements.

Table 5.8-5 Ambient Air Quality of Qiandongnan Prefecture unit: mg/l Area items Date Average value 11.26 0.026 NO 11.27 0.024 Xintuan 2 11.28 0.026 drum- tower 12.06 0.108 TSP 12.07 0.112 12.08 0.112 11.26 0.011 Samu NO2 11.27 0.01 river 11.28 0.01 scenic 11.26 0.042 area TSP 11.27 0.042 11.28 0.042

GB3095-1996 Class I NO20.08TSP0.12 y Acoustic Environment Quality

50 The acoustic environment quality data of Qiandongnan Prefecture were monitered and provided by Qiandongnan Environment Monitoring Station from November 26th to December 6th, 2007, as listed in Table 5.8-6. According to the Urban Area Noise Standard (GB3096-93), the acoustic environment quality of Xintuan drum-tower in Liping County can meet the requirement of Class I and comply with the environmental function requirements. The acoustic environment quality of Samu river scenic area of Shibing County can meet the requirement of Class II and does not comply with the environmental function of Class I.

Table 5.8-6 Acoustic Enviornemnt Quality of Qiandongnan Prefecture Unit: dB(A) L Area Date Aeq Daytime Nighttime Xintuan 2007.12.07 56.5 35.3 drum-tower 2007.12.08 58.5 30 Samu river 2007.11.26 51.1 46.8 scenic area 2007.11.27 53.8 51.6

C. Monitoring ResultS of Qianxinan Prefecture

The environment quality date of Qianxinan Prefecture were monitered and provided by Guizhou Environment Monitoring Station from January 8th to 11th , as listed in Table 5.8- 7~5.8-9. According to the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GB3838-2002), Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) and Urban Area Noise Standard (GB3096-93), the surface water quality can meet the requirement of Class III, the amient air quality can meet the requirement of Class II, and the acoustic environment can meet requirement of Class II, which comply with the environmental function requirements.

Table 5.8-7 Surface Water Quality of Qianxinan Prefecture unit: mg/l

Section Date pH DO Permanganate CODC BOD5 NH3-N Fecal index r Coliform (one/l) Bike 1.8 8.02 7.1 2.3 8.9 2.7 0.34 460 village 1.9 7.99 7 3.6 9.8 2.6 0.4 230 GB3838-2002 6~9 5 6 2 0 4 1 10000 Class III

Table 5.8-8 Ambient Air Quality of Qianxinan Prefecture 3 3 Position Date NO2(mg/m ) TSP(mg/m ) 1.8 0.015 0.177 Bike village Committee 1.9 0.015 0.118 1.10 0.015 0.1

GB3095-1996 Class I NO20.08TSP0.12

Table 5.8-9 Acoustic Environemnt Quality of Qiandongnan Prefecture Unit: dB(A) Point Date and time Noise source LAeq Bike village 9:38 Daily life and traffic 51.6 1.9 Committee 22:41 Daily life 40.5 1.10 9:26 Daily life and traffic 57.5

51 23:02 Daily life 35.6

52 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation

Social Impacts and Benefits

This proposed project is expected to have a number of social impacts, both negative and possitive, on the local communities. Although some impacts are very difficult to estimate in quantatitive term, analysis of these impacts can give implications on the pros and cons for the tourism resource development in the affected area.

The impacts are analyzed from strategic/provincial level and local specific level respectively, as described in the following sections.

Social Impacts at Strategic/Provincial Level

A. Impacts on Economic Benefit and Living Standard

Using tourism for generating economic benefit, including poverty alleviation in Guizhou’s rural area, is a key government priority reflected in both the Master Plan for Tourism development, Tenth Five-year Plan and related Plans. The diversification of Guizhou’s economy include tourism to fit within the national government’s policy of “building a new countryside” and is seen by policy makers as a way to allow rural residents to “leave the farm, without leaving the countryside”. The sections below tend to estimate the benefits from the tourism development in the province through analysis of historic information.

y Poverty Alleviation

The Guizhou Tourism Agency estimates that between 2001 and 2005, about 630,000 people living in the 9 prefectures have been lifted out of poverty partly as a result of their participation in tourism-related activities. The positive impacts of tourism-related activities in poverty reduction have been significant in prefectures like for example Zunyi where 38.4% of the total poor have been lifted out of poverty. Similarly, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Southwest Guizhou(40%) and Liupanshui Northwest Guizhou (37.5%). Its impcat has also been imprtant in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Southeast Guizhou (21.4%) and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in South Guizhou (19%). Table 6.1-1 below summarizes the poverty reduction status by tourism development in Guizhou in 2001-2005.

Table 6.1-1 Population Lifted out of Poverty from Tourism 2001-2005 Prefecture Populaiton lifted out of Percentage of total poor by poverty (person) perfecture (%) Guiyang 15,776 6.59 Zunyi 144,142 38.4 Anshun 54,456 1.23 Qiannan 144,000 18 Qiandongnan 214,226 21.36 Tongren 13,450 0.35 Bijie 33,260 14.24 Liupanshui 1,550 37.5 Qianxinan 9,400 40 Total 630,269 100

53 Note: prefectures in bold are the area to be affected by this project.

Although the data for the percentage of poor population to be lifted by the project are not available, the population to be affected by the project through the establishment of rural tourism such as homestay accomodation and other activities in the poorer rural areas is considerable. The data in Table 6.1-1 shows a trend where poor people are being better off as a result of the tourism, and this trend is expected to continue along with the continuous effort to develop rural tourism. y Employment Oppertunities

Employment is one of the major ways which tourism can contribute to quality of life in host communities. The priority to develop rural tourism is expected to create significant employment oppertunities for those living in rural areas. The Guizhou Rural Tourism Development Plan 2006 estimated that 2.1 million people will participate in tourism-related activities by 2010. This should promote the establishment of small and micro enterprise (i.e. guest houses, home-stays, restaurants, small shops, handicrafts workshops, and transport) managed by self-employed individuals and households. This can be expected to significantly reduce Guizhou’s rural labour surplus.

The Guizhou Tourism Agency reports that 968,480 people were directly or indirectly involved in tourism activities in Guizhou in 2005 (see Table 6.1-2). These figures include full-time and temporary work in different sectors.

Table 6.1-2 People Involved in Tourism Activities, 2005 Prefecture Directly (persons) Indirectly Total (persons) Guiyang 43,577 75,928 119,505 Zunyi 46,370 208,807 255,177 Anshun 64,738 150,389 215,127 Qiannan 123,000 150,000 273,000 Qiandongnan 11,013 55,614 66,627 Tongren 2,084 5,658 7,742 Bijie 5,990 11,208 17,198 Liupanshui 587 5,017 5,604 Qianxinan 2,500 6,000 8,500 Total 299,859 668,621 968,480 Note: prefectures in bold are the area to be affected by this project. y Income and Standard of Living

In an effort to ensure that rural and ethnic people capitalise on economic benefits from tourism, a comprehensive investment plan that includes infrastructre improvements, support to rural households to set up guesthouses and training and capacity building programs in the demosntration villages clusters that include a total of 150 villages. These should result in a significant improvement in the quality of life of residents, as well as facilitate tourism. These measures are expected to result in a swift reduction of economic disparities within the province by raising incomes and living standard in rural areas.

54 It is difficult to estimate the associated average increase in icomes derived from tourism-related activities but examples from tourism villages throughout the province and elsewhere in China show significant increase in household income. It is estimated that a family operating a homestay would generate RMB 4,000-5,000 in gross revenue per year. The Guizhou Tourism Agency reports that in Tianlong Village, Anshun City, the per capita annual disposable income of rural households was RMB 2,190 compared to RMB 1,765 before the start of tourism activities. These amounts are significant compared with Guizhou’s pre capita annual disposable income for rural households of RMB 1,565 (2003)

y Contribution to Local Economy

In 2005, tourism revenue in Guizhou amounted to RMB 25 billion, of which rural tourism accounted for RMB 2 billion (8%). This represents close to a fourfold increase over the RMB 6.5 billion in tourism revenues generated in 2001. When the eearnings of the informal sector and multiply effects, particularly in rural areas, are factored in, economic benefits may be considerably higher.

B. Risk of Marginalisation

One of the overarching goals of the tourism development strategy in Guizhou is to contribute to local economic development by allowing communities to capitalise on opportunities presented through increased tourism in the province. It is widely acknowledged that both social and economic benefits can be greatly enhanced by adopting a community-driven participatory approach in all aspects of policy design and implementation. In this regard, participation is considered to be of utmost importance in ensuring that benefits accrue to the local population, particularly to the poor and ethnic minority group.

Failure to adopt a participatory approach for tourism development risks marginalising local communities, which would inevitably undermine the long-term viability of Guizhou’s tourism industry.

y Marginalisation from Decision-making

Mechanisms for participation of host communities in tourism development and planning process in Guizhou are in their infancy. The proposed establishment of village tourism association under the Rural Tourism Development Proposal (2006) are a further attempt to strengthen the participation of local communities in rural tourism development and their access to decision-making. The experience from the pilot progame in Bala River indicates that the village tourism associations need a significant amount of support over time to function and reach maturity.

y Marginalisation from Economic Benefits

The master Plan for tourism development in Guizhou encourages the cooperation between the government, the private sector and the local communities in tourism development. Given the low capacity of local communities in managing the tourism service, the unequitable distribution of economic benefits is risky. The minority value of intangible assets that have been cultivated and maintained by the local communities

55 are often neglected in the concession arrangements to charge entry fee into “Ecological and Cultural Museum” in rural villages, although the intangible assets are the crux part of the tourism plan. Funding arrangement also should consider the other source to support the operation of the local intangible assets. The income from the development of tourism in state-owned assets, i.e. national geo-park and scenic areas, should also contribute partly to the sustainabiity of local assets created under this project.

C. Risk of Traditional Values Affected

Traditional values refer to those beliefs, moral codes, and mores that are passed down from generation to generation within a culture, subculture or community. Traditional beliefs and moral codes held by indigenous communities are fragile and highly influenced by outside pressure, economic development, migration movements and political changes.

Opening up of long-preserved cultures such as the ethnic minority cultures of Guizhou, runs the risk of creating social and psychological distress to local residents. The confrontation with unbalanced development, disparities between urban and rural life and the eagerness to shake off poverty places immense pressure on such communities. The sudden arrival of large number of visitors demanding tourism products and services may cause severe shock to previously isolated communities. Values and attitudes that ensured the preservation of local culture over centuries may be compromised by the desires for money and the comforts of modern life. With the arrival of visitors under the tourism development of their communities which will transform the communities to tourist attraction, illegal activities such as prostitution, and alcohol or drug abuse that may be passed on from visitors.

Specific Benefits of Components

Besides the general benefits as a result of the project as a whole, there are specific benefits to be created by particular components,as follows:

A. Ethnic Minority Cultural Heritage Protection Components

y Improvement in Local Sanitation Quality and Environment

Generally, project components in infrastructure construciotn are part of the foundation of tourism, and corresponding constructions will absorb more local labor and lead to income increase. Improvement in traffic facilities will provide substantial convenience to local residents’ daily life. Environmental protection measures, such as toilets, garbage management, water supply, and drainage facilities will help improve the sanitation condition of the residents and thus enhancing their living quality. In addition, the environment in these affected areas is expected to be improved as a result of the implementation of the sanitation facilities.

y Rehabilitation and Protection of Traditional Buildings

These are important elements in developing tourism as well as enhancing local residents’ income level, which will in turn improve local people’s awareness of cultural heritage protection. Unique historical buildings and traditional government-

56 owned public buildings will be better protected and conserved, as an integrated part of minority cultural protection. Through rehabilitation of ancient private houses, local people’s residency will become better, economic condition improved by running family hotels. Relevant constructions will produce more employment and hence increase local income.

y Safeguards and Support for Intangible Heritage

This kind of components is expected to offer benefits to the project areas by encouraging indigenous people to participate in the intangible heritage protection of their hometown, through joining in the proposed activities such as developing minority handicrafts and arts; Local surplus labor will be presented with more employment opportunities , especially for women and old people (typical intangible heritage inheritors).. the honor for their culture will also be promoted as a result of increased income.

y Awareness for Intangible Assets Protection(Tourist Information Centers and Culture Preservation Centers)

Tourists will benefit from both the tourist information center and culture preservation center, to appreciate more cultural infromation of original indigenous flavor. Local residents will enjoy a larger range of entertainment and cultural activities, which will enhance their cultural confidence and awareness of cultural protection. Meanwhile, relevant constructions and management will stimulate more employment oppertunities and help to balance local economic structure.

Share of Economic Benefits ( Small Loan Program)

Generally, the small loan program will benefit villagers by capacity building. Such programs may provide a solution to the financial shortage for a lot of villages to develop ethnic crafts.

A number of project sites belong to national-level poverty counties and minority regions, economy in ancient towns and minority villages are mainly dependent on agriculture and income drawn from migrant workers in urban areas. In most of the sites investigated, people are eager to participate in tourism by means of developing indigenous crafts. Furthermore, this type of measure may help villagers participate in the project more closely and share more economic benefits from local tourism, by endowing them with a certain degree of participation in decision-making to plan loan details.

B. Natural Heritage and Scenic Site Protection and Development Components

Natural heritage and scenic site protection and development refer to items both inside the scenic sites, and those in surrounding villages. Positive impacts are as follows:

y Protection of Ecological Environment

One of the project sites, Guanling National Geo-Park, contains precious fossils and research objects of paleontology. Yet the ecological environment is vulnerable, and is

57 lack of effective protection. The proposed sub-project will take actions in improving local environment, sanitary conditions, and supporting the conservation plan in this geo-park.

y Rehabilitation of Traditional Architectures

These components also include restoring traditional ethnic buildings in surrounding villages, such as Wanfenglin National Scenic Area. These construction items will effectively rehabilitate local ethnic architectures and hence protect resources of natural tourism.

y Enhancement of Indigenous Peoples’ Cultural Awareness and Confidence

Some minority villages around the natural heritage and scenic sites are rich in cultural resources, especially intangible cultural heritage. Relevant project items will enhance the protection and inheritance of those resources, and thereby arouse the cultural awareness and confidence inside local villagers. For example, some extinct cultural traditions are being revived and developed, such as the Buyi singing and dancing customs in villages of Wanfenglin National Scenic Park.

Land Occupation and Resettlement

As one of the most important adverse social impacts to be caused by the project. This section is a summary of the finding of the resettlement team.

Only the component of Longli Ancient Town Protection is required to make the Resettlement Policy Frame Report. The total budget for resettlement is RMB 9,041,300. According to the Longli Ancient Town Protection Master Pan, a new district for residential buildings will be established outside the south door. It can provide enough space for the construction of houses for relocated people. The new district of Longli ancient town will occupy the farmland and building land with the area of 6.4 hm2. There are 2 wooden buildings with the structure area of 374m2 and 35 rooms with the structure area of 152m2 used as stockyard and garage. This proposal for new district is being reviewed by relevant agencies at current stage.

As at current stage, the number of people to be relocated or compensated and the location to be relocated to have not been identified,the quantity of land occupation and impact of this action is difficut to estimate.

Risks of Adverse Impacts at Strategic and Provincial Level

The SEA suggests that there are a number of potential risks of adverse impacts, both at strategic and provincial levels, to be induced by the development of the tourism in Guizhou identified in the SEA and recommendation are proposed include:

Cultural Heritage Impacts and Mitigation

A. Physical Cultural Heritage Damaged or Destroyed

Damage or destruction of physical cultural heritage may occur as a result of demolition, reconstruction of inappropriate restoration of physical monuments, structures and

58 significant architecture. This may result from inappropriate siting of new tourist facilities or restoration/reconstruction of existing structures by unqualified personnel.

Unnecessary reconstruction or restoration that does not match the original architecture, style and colour and recreation of minority heritage is a threat to heritages. The renovation of traditional buildings with low quality materials and without expert guidance may result in the irreversible loss to valuable heritage.

B. Recommendation:

y Cultural Heritage Management Observatory

A Cultural Heritage Management Observatory that directs local level expert teams is proposed to minimize the risk of adverse effects on cultural heritage and ensure that heriateg is not reduced simply to an economic commodity for tourism purposes, but rather is managed for its intrinsic and future value for the people of Guizhou. The main functions of the observatory would include the gathering and analysis of technical knowledge and communication between the variety of institutions, business and organizations concerned with cultural heritage. The Observatory would provide know- how and expertise for the effective sustainable management, conservation and preservation of Guizhou’s material and intangible heritage and cultural landscapes, and mitigate against inappropriate commercial exploitation.

y Developing Building and Restoration Standards for Minority Villages

It is recommended that detailed building and restoration standards to be applied and jointly enforced by planning authorities and residents in minority villages be developed. All relevant authorities including those dealing with tourism, heritage, infrastructure and local development should participate in the elaboration of the standards and subsequent guidelines. The process should include extensive consultation with local residents to ensure that protected settlement continue to be fit places in which to live and can upgrade to meet people’s expectations of gradually improving living standards. Its implementation will require constant dialogue and consultation with affected communities and the establishment of a special committee within each village association to approve interventions and upgrading projects, including those initiated by private investors and local authorities.

C. Intangible Cultural Heritage Damaged or Altered

The uniqueness of ethnic cultures depends greatly on the environmental closure. If the closure is “open up” for tourism development, preservation of ethnic culture may be compromised. The Guizhou Tourism Agency acknowledges that traditional lifestyles and production methods, languages and rites, songs and dramas have changed in many places and are under threat in many more aspects. “Opening up” of previously inaccessible minority areas for tourism poses a risk that ethnic heritage will be commercialized, homogenized or otherwise altered.

D. Recommendation:

y A Code of Ethics for the Use and Interpretation of Intangible Heritage:

59 This would comprise a comprehensive set of principles to guide public and private stakeholders involved in the use of intangible heritage as a tourism resource. The Code of Ethics would provide a common voluntary framework to respect and preserve vulnerable heritage and to avoid it being homogenized or degraded as a result of tourism development;

y Guidelines for the Use and Interpretation of Intangible Heritage:

The guideline would ensure that those developing tourism products involving minority customs and traditions understand the importance of preserving authenticity and avoid rampant commercialization. The guideline would empower local communities to decide which aspects of their cultural heritage may be used for tourism and which parts should be safeguarded for traditional use. It would also ensure that local communities maintain control over the development of interpretative material concerning minority culture under the technical guidance of the proposed Provincial.Observatory

Specific Risks Likely in All Sites

There are risks of adverse environmental impacts at each site, but all can be avoided, mitigated or compensated, and all of them are so significant or severe that they cannot be mitigated or minimized.

The most significant potential impacts identified are at the Guanling National Geo-Park (related to the construction of the exhibition hall of triasichthyosaur and construction of rock and green area of trias park) and Xingyi National Geo-park (related to the construction of a new museum), Wanfenglin National Scenic Area (related to reconstruction of parking lots, hinterland pedstrain and off-road bike experience system) and Shamu River National Scenic Area (related to construction of Niejiayan Weather Bridge and Liangchahe bridge). All other impacts are of more limited significance and can be mitigated to an acceptable level.

As a great number of cultural heritage assets is involved in the project, the mitigation for the impacts as a result of repair and maintenance works proposed under such component is described in Chapter 7 Heritage Conservation Plan.

Table 6.3-2 sets out a summary of the risks that apply to more than one site, and in most cases all sites, including proposed mitigation measures. Further detail on risks that are unique to particular sites is provided in Section 6.4.

Impacts on Eco-environment

A. Construction Phase

Impact of Land Occupation

As the project is located within a karst area which is vulnerable to soil erosion, land occupation may be a major concern for construction in such areas. The land to be occupied by the project is mainly the disused land, with a total area of 99.6hm2, 12.9hm2 of which is state-owned. The area of collective land is 3.5hm2 and 83.2hm2 of collective land will be reallocated within the village, and the area of temporary land occupation is 7.9hm2. The permanent land occupation is

60 to occur under the component of Longli Ancient Town, and the vegetaiton disturbance is thus limited. .

The temporary land occupation for transport facilities construction will greatly impact the forest and vegetation area because of the compaction by construction vehicle. The land occupation caused by pavement, parking space and access roads are almost covered with secondary forest, and it will cause less impact..

The excavation of earth and stone in construction of pipes will cause some impacts on vegetation. Because most of the excavations are located at the open space or grassland in villages, the impact on terrestrial plant caused by construction is not severe.

Most of the sanitation facilities are small-scale with scattered distribution. The land occupation of the sanitation is limited and in the developed areas. It will not cause serious impact on terrestrial plants.

If there are rare plants and ancient trees in project regions, careful consideration for relocation of the proposed facilities will be taken to avoid these plants.

Impact on Terrestrial Animals

During the construction, the amphibians and reptiles will move out of construction areas, as well as birds and mammals. The animals adjacent to construction areas would be forced to leave because of construction disturbance. After the construction is completed and the vegetation is restored, the animals can return to the original areas.

The excessive lumbering caused by construction personnel might destruct the habitats of wildlife. Another serious threat to wild animals is the vogue of eating venison. The hunting of wild animals such as frog, snake, culver, rabbit, badger and so on will accelerate the imbalance of animal population and decrease the number of species.

There are frequent human activities in the project areas and the recorded protection animals are not observed. Even though, the construction activities should still be regulated to mitigate the impact on the eco-environment.

Impact on Aquatic Life

The components such as river regulation and ancient porttary repair might involve the biotope of aquatic life. Most of the water systems involved by the projects are close to the villages and the aquatic life is adepted to human activities. Because of the small construction scale and short construction period of the components, it will not cause severe and adverse impact on the aquatic life in the water systems.

Impacts on Allien Species

Due to long history of isolation, the eco-system in Guizhou is very vulnerable to introduction of new species, which may be brought along with timber materials or sapling for greening. New pathogens/ virus or pest that are not immune for the host eco-system may cause devastating impact, including the change of population of certain species, hence the food chain balance.

61 B Operation Phase

Impact on Flora and Fauma

The impacts on forest trees caused by tourism activities are mainly physical damages, such as broken branches, nail caused scars, use of wood for fire and exposed roots. And the trees near the pathway will be damaged more seriously.

Tourism disturbance on the species has both advantage and disadvantage. The moderate tourism interference disturbance can increase the species diversity of plant, because moderate interference does not cause destruction of plants but may impact on the growth of dominant species. The interference of high frequency will decrease the species diversity of the eco- environment. The principle of diversity stability theory indicates that the reduction of biological diversity will undermine the stability of regional natural ecological system when resources are used in excess of the carrying capacity of the eco-environment. In the process of tourism development in natural sites, particularly in the regions with high ecological importance and preserved value, it is dangerous to introduce alien flowers and ornamental trees for establishment of green belt or vegetation restoration. The introduction of plants of new species in these areas is often the important source of invasiveion of species which is possible to damage the local biological diversity and ecosystem seriously. Therefore, the trees species selection should be done under the guidance of experts. . Impacts on Wildlife

The change of land use as a result of tourism development will gradually decrease the territories of wildlife, in particular, some linear facilities such as road, pathway, ropeway, drain and electrical wiring network have the most severe impacts on the natural habitat of wildlife.Although only small area of land is to be occupied, it will create fragmentation of habitat and population of wildlife. These facilities will become the barriers for the daily activities of animals, thus to change the pattern of the animal life. The impacts include the change of animal population and reproduction.

The wild animals are very sensitive to the human activities such as traffic noise, loud voice, light, close to the animal nests, feeding, alteration of soils and vegetation. It will change the habit of wild animals and force them to leave their habitat. Once endangered animals are found in the operation of the project, it should be reported to the administrative authorities and the animals should be protected minimizing the impacts of tourism.

C. Mitigation:

Prevention of Alien Species

There are many examples of ecological disasters caused by intrusion of exotic species. Alien species intrusion includes the spread of new disease or virus and the imbalance of food chain. Therefore, the impact of alien species should be carefully considered in the selection of plants for greening in the project area.

More attention should be given to the prevention of exotic species impact by the measures of improving the quarantine system, strengthening the monitoring and management of exotic

62 species, and establishing species information system. Local species should be given preferable consideration in restoring vegetation or greening works.

Timbers of local origin should be preferably used and the timber from other places should be controlled via stringent management of quarantine inspection.

Construction Phase

y Establish warning signs for the site of construction, so as to prohibit the personnel move out of the area in order to decrease the damage to landscape and vegetation; y Preserve the top soil on the temporary land occupation area for the establishment of vegetation; y Schedule the river regulation works to the low flow season, to reduce the impact on water quality and disturbance of aquatic animals; y Strengthen the environmental protection awareness and provide education program for the construction workers; y Prohibit the construction workers from catching frogs, snakes, birds and other animals to reduce the impact on eco-environment; y Select the construction site away from the sensitive area; y Adopt proven construction techniques and methods to control and reduce the impact on vegetation and landscape caused by construction activity such as excavation works; y Loosen the compacted soil and replant in the construction sites once the construction is completed; y The national protected rare plants, ancient trees and so on will be classified and marked with notice board. The management department will carry out fertilization measures to keep the good growth of the plants; and

Operation Phase

y Education programs should be provided to the tour guides and the tourists for the protection of environment; y Best behavior of tourists should be promulgated to encourage the good behavior in protection of the environment. y Tourist flow should be controlled based on the assessment environment carrying capacity.

Impact on Water Environment

Groundwater and particularly surface water quality are among the most critical environmental issues for Guizhou. Existing sources of water pollution mainly include domestic wastewater and agricultural runoff in the project area.

Both the construction and operation of the project will cause adverse impacts on water environment. Linkage between tourism and water quality may be positive and negative. On one hand, increased tourism may create the demand and provide incentives for investment in water treatment facilities in these project areas where lack of clean water supply facilities. However, increased tourism to the project area which are mainly rural setting, particularly the small villages without (or with very basic) wastewater treatment facilities may result in a deterioration of surface and groundwater quality. There is a risk that the increased volume of wastewater from guesthouses and small hotels may cause deterioration of surface water and groundwater quality and thus cause health impacts on

63 local communities that are dependent on this water, particularly those who consume untreated water. Negative impacts to surface water may also result from storage solid waste along river banks and dumping of waste into surface waters by tourists themselves or the operators of hotels, guesthouse and restaurants.

Water quality impacts are likely to be of greatest concern as a result of informal rural village tourism, such as overnight homestay accommodation and trip to rural area that are strongly promoted in the project as a means for poverty alleviation, since much of this tourism is informal and there are often not adequate toilet facilities.

This project has incorporated provision of toilets and construction of domestic wastewater collection and treatment facilities to accommodate the wastewater flow resulting from the increased volume of tourists into the project area as well as from the host communities.

The river regulation and sewage treatment facilities will improve the water environment after implementation. The construction sites of this project are scattered across the project area in small size, the impacts are considered to be limited. According to the analysis, the river regulation and sewage treatment facilities have the most important impact on the water environment.

A. Construction Phase

The wastewater generated in the construction sites includes construction effluent and domestic sewage. The construction effluents mainly are generated in the progress of concrete mixing, equipment washing and materials cleaning. Because of the scattered dispersion of construction sites less use of concrete and machine in construction, more labor and indigenous techniques will be applied, generating less effluent so the impact on water environment will be limited.

The domestic sewage is mainly generated from the sanitation facilities and dining hall in the workers’ camps. The major pollutants in domestic sewage are CODcr, NH3-N, even the bacteria and pathogens. Despite the quantity of sewage in each construction site is small, it will affect the water environment and landscape if it is discharged into surface water without proper treatment. It is required to set up septic tanks in construction sites. The sewage can be utilised for agricultural application after treatment.

The sediments in rivers will be drastically disturbed by river dredging exercise which will lead to resuspension of sediments and severe pollution of water.

B. Mitigation:

Construction Phase

y The contractors should build septic tanks for domestic sewage treatment and applied in farmlands; y The construction wastewater should be treated in a settled tank and the treated effluent should be reused on site; y Make full use of the existing sanitary facilities in the scenic area; y It is forbidden to pile construction materials on the river bank in the construction sites. The materials must be covered with canvas to prevent it from dropping into the rivers in rainy days;

64 y Dredging exercise should be well scheduled.

Operation Phase

y The wastewater is mostly the domestic sewage generated by tourists and the staff in scenic areas in the operation phase. The wastewater will be treated by the sewage treatment facilities constructed under the project and then be used for municipal irrigation. The sludge should be regularly transported to the landfill facility in the county.

C. Impact on Sensitive Surface Water by Sewage Facilities and Mitigation

There are a number of sewage facilities to be constructed close to important surface waters in this project. Summary of the facilities and the surface waters are given in Table 6.3-1 below.

According to the analyses of the feasibility study report, most of the designed sewage treatment facilities are retarding basins followed by overflow (OF) land treatment facilities which is easy to operate at low operating costs. The proven experience of operation of this process indicates that it has least accidental discharge. As most of the construction sites are located in rural areas, most of the treated effluent can be used for agricultural irrigation.

65 Table 6.3-1 Impact Assessment of Sewage Treatment in Sensitive Area Water Quality Components Sensitive Area River Impact on Water Environment zoning class There are no drainage systems in Nahui village of Wanfengling national Scenic Area. The domestic sewage discharged into the Nahui river not only has impact Wanfenglin scenic area Xifenglin senic area of on the landscape but also on the water quality of the river. The function of the cultural and natural Malinhe canyon- Nahu river III new sewage treatment facilities will efficiently treat the sewage collected by heritage protection Wanfeng lake pipe systems to the standard of Class B of Category I, so as to protect the water quality and landscape in the scenic area. A treatment facility has been operated in Shamuhe scenic area, but it can not Shamu river cultural The Samuhe scenic area meet the discharge requirement in the peak time in tourism season. The function and natural heritage of Wuyanghe national Shamu river III of the new sewage treatment facilities will efficiently treat the sewage collected protection scenic area by pipe systems to the standard of Class B of Category I, so as to protect the water quality and landscape in the Shamu River. Bala river is the drinking water source for Kaili County which requires the Balahe Miao cultural Water source protection Bala river II wastewater be treated to a Class A of Categiry I standard, and the effluent not be heritage protection area discharged into the upstream section of the drinking water abstraction point. There is no drainage system in Xijiang Town. The domestic sewage discharging into the Langli river impacts not only the landscape, but also the water quality Xijiang Miao cultural Langli river II of the river. The function of the new sewage treatment facilities will efficiently heritage protection treat the sewage collected by pipe systems to the standard of Class B of Category I, so as to protect the water quality and landscape of Xijiang town. Zhaoxing town scenic River in The function of the new drainage systems and sewage treatment facilities will Zhaoxing Dong area of Liping Dong Zhaoxing efficiently treat the sewage collected by pipe systems to the standard of Class B cultural heritage II village national scenic Dong of Category I, so as to protect the water quality and landscape of Zhaoxing protection area village Dong village. The function of the new drainage systems will collect the current wastewater Chejiang Sanbao Chejiang Sanbao village flow that have been discharged direct into waters. The domestic sewage will be Chejiang village cultural in Congjiang county III sent to the new sewage treatment facilities for treatment and the effluent not be river heritage protection Qiandongnan prefecture discharged into the Chejiang river. It can improve the water quality of Chejiang river. Duliujiang Dong River in The function of the new drainage systems and sewage treatment facilities will cultural heritage Xiaohuang III improve the water quality and landscape of Xiaohuang village. protection village

66 Impact on Ambient Air and Mitigation

A. Construction Phase

The air-borne dust caused by the construction will have a negative impact on the ambient air quality in the construction areas. It mainly comes from the following sources: excavation and filling, loading and unloading, vehicle movement, and piling, stockpiling of powder materials.

Asphalt mixing for road pavement is another major source of concern for ambient air impact at construction phase. The air pollutants, mainly consisting of THC, TSP and BaP, will emit from the asphalt melting and paving exercises. As described by relevant reports for similar projects, the concentration of BaP is less than 0.0001 mg/m3 50 m leeward from the enclosed asphalt melting station. The THC is less than 0.16 mg/m3 60 m leeward from the station. All of these values meet the applicable standards. Therefore the area impacted by asphalt melting process is less than 50 – 60 m from the source. However the site for asphalt processing station should be carefully selected in line with the requirement for sanitation protection distance. According to the requirement, the melting station will be sited away from resident centers, at least 300 m leeward from residential houses. The dust trap devices should be installed at the air outlet of the asphalt processing station. In relative terms, pavement will produce less amount of toxic matter than melting and mixing processes.

However, the components of Guanling National Geo-Park Heritage Protection and Shanmu River Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection are required to meet a higher class of Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996) -class I standard. Strict protection measures should be implemented to obtain class I standards in construction in these regions.Alsphalt mixing and melting stations should be prohibited from the areas in the Guanling National Geo-Park Heritage Protection and Shanmu River Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection components.

The impacts on ambient air are temporary in construction areas. It will disappear upon completion of construction.

B. Operation Phase

In the operation phase of this project, especially the peak season of tourism, there will be a large number of tourists entering the regions as well as the automobiles. The nitrogen oxides and dust caused by traffic will affect the ambient air quality in the project areas. Even though the impact is limited, the protection measures should be strengthened to keep good environment and the sustainable development of the project areas.

In addition, if the cultural and natural heritage tourism develops without reasonable planning and guidance, the restaurants might discharge flue gas that pollutes the ambient air.

C. Mitigation:

Construction Phase

y Sprinkle water everyday in the excavation areas to accelerate the precipitation of dust, at least three times for the sites within the components in Guanling National Geo-Park Heritage Protection and Shanmu River Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection. In windy days, water spray and monitoring should be enhanced in these sensitive areas;

67 y The cement should be covered during transportation in order to mitigate the dust pollution; y The melting station will be sited away from resident centers, at least 300 m leeward from residential houses nearby. The dust precipitator should be installed at the air outlet of the asphalt processing station; y Purchase finished asphalt to prevent the pollution caused by asphalt smoke in the sensitive areas of Guanling National Geo-Park Heritage Protection and Shanmu River Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection; y The vehicles should be equipped with tail gas purifier to mitigate pollution; y Keep the road in clean and good condition; y The piled construction materials and earth should be placed in fenced areas; and y The vehicles transporting the earth or solid waste should be covered before leaving the construction area.

Operation Phase

y Strengthen the planting around the park and living areas in order to decrease the impacts of air pollutant;. y The kitchen smoke should be treated by precipitators before emiting into open air through a stack; and y The management of vehicles in the scenic areas should be strengthened as the vehicles should use unleaded petrol, be equipped with exhaust purification, vehicle emission standards should be enforced and regularly controlled. The traffic management should be strengthened to avoid the concentrated emissions caused by intensive use of vehicles during traffic peaks.

Impact on Acoustic Environment and Mitigation

A. Construction Phase

The acoustic environment will be affected by the construction activities during the construction phase. The major noise source during the construction phase comes from construction equipments and the vehicles. Because the construction sites are small and most of the construction machinery are medium-sized, the impact on regional acoustic environment is limited and the impact will disappear immediately after the construction is completed. However, the components of Guanling National Geo-Park Heritage Protection, Shanmu River Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection, Yangasha National Cultural Heritage Protection and Jianhe County Tourism Information Center are in such sensitive areas that much higher acoustic environmental quality of Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards (GB3096-93) class I standard is required to be complied with. Enhanced protection measures should be implemented to meet class I standards in these sensitive regions.

B. Operation Phase

The impact on acoustic environment in operation phase is mainly the traffic noise in the peak season of tourism and the noise of entertainment activities.

C. Mitigation:

Construction Phase

68 y The construction unit should choose reasonable time for construction and avoid construction at night. If the construction at night is inevitable, the construction unit should post notification about construction period for the supervision to residents; the construction should be prohibited from 10 pm to 6 am near the sensitive receptors; y The pathway should be kept away from sensitive recptors in design stage; y Reduce the simultaneous operation hours of equipment and the vehicles will be forbidden whistling; y Choose the mechanical equipments with low noise or equip with muffler; y Limit the speed of vehicles. Enhance the repair and maintenance of mechanical equipments and vehicles to keep them in good shape; and y Construction team should be equipped with portable detecting device to monitor the noise level at the sensitive receptors.

Operation Phase

y The green belt along the road sides should be finished as soon as possible to reduce the noise pollution and to improve the ecological environment; y The traffic of very noisy vehicles should be banned. The speed of vehicles should be limited in the sensitive areas.

Impact of Solid Waste and Mitigation

A. Construction Phase

According to the estimation, each construction site will generate about 18kg domestic solid waste per day. These domestic solid waste should be well managed to avoid adverse impact on surrounding encironment. Generally, the impact of solid waste in construction phase is short- term and localized, which will disappear after construction is completed.

The construction of this project will also generate some construction solid waste. As each component is of small scale and the construction period is short, the quantity of construction solid waste is not large. Most of the construction solid waste can be used for backfilling.

River dredging exercise will generate sediments in large amount requiring proper disposal.

Where the solid wastes are not well managed along the river, soil erosion may be likely to occur in rain season, leading to pollution of water course.

B. Operation Phase

In the operation phase of this project, solid wastes are typically generated from the tourism attractions where visitors may discard emty bottles and papers, so do the public toilets and the catering facilities for food and drinking and accommodation.

C. Mitigation:

Construction Phase

69 y The spoils and construction wastes should be collected and transported to a designated site and the site should be fenced to prevent soil erosion and environmental pollution;. y Make full use of the existing garbage collection facility in the scenic area or set simple facility for garbage collection. Disposal of the solid wastes by the is required by the regulations for scenic areas if the construction is in such areas; y Require the construction personnel not to discard garbage; and y The sediments dredged from river should be collected and transported to the landfill in the county for disposal.

Operation Phase

y Strengthen public education against littering garbage. The gabage should be collected and transported to the municipal disposal station by local sanitation team; y Garbage bins should be provided in the tourists attractions, especially in popular museums and catering facilities; and y The sludges from WWT facilities should be transported to the landfill in the county for landfill.

Landscape and Visual Impacts and Mitigation

Tourism development may have a positive effect in terms of maintaining and sometimes re- instating natural landscape and vegetation. Stakeholder consultation taken for the SEA prove that community based management initiatives to control logging, restrict cultivation on marginal slopes and preserve the architectural style of villages can be successful where communities are able to generate income from the tourism sector. There is a high level of awareness within the community that the traditional achitechtural style of the village is itself a tourism attraction and the construction of modern buildings will detract from this and therefore make it less attractive to tourists.

However, tourism development may also cause direct and indirect landscape and visual impacts. Tourism development demands amenity of infrastructure such as hotels, shops and recreational facilities that may result in landscape and visual impacts where their siting, architectural style or color are inconsistent with the surrounding environment. This impact will become particularly significant for heritage-based tourism development, if new constructions are not compatible to host environment and cultural costumes.

Mitigation: There is currently little consideration of landscape and visual impacts outside of classified scenic areas. There are no specific requirements for their consideration under the EIA Law and accompanying technical guideline. Given the strategic importance of the tourism sector to Guizhou’s economy, it is recommended that the landscape and visual impact of construction projects be incorporated into EIA procedures for Guizhou. It is also important that development and renovation within remote ethnic minority villages should strictly follow local style with local materials to minimize potential negative visual impact.

70 Table 6.3-2 General Environmental Impacts Predicted and Mitigation Measures Impacts making in Danzai in making - Tianlong Fortress Fortress Tianlong Congjiang in Village Biasha County Guizhou Cultural and Natural Fortress Jiuzhou Buyi Nachan Duliujiang Dong in Congjiang County Shiqiao Ancient MuManual Paper inTown Ancient Jiuzhou Huangping County Yangasha Jianhe Miao in County in Castle Ancient Longli Jinping County Balahe MiaoinKaili County andXijiang Balahe Miao County Leishan in Miao Leishan in Miao Xijiang County DongZhaoxing in Liping County Sanbao Village Dong in Rongjiang County Taijiangin Shidong Miao County Sanmentangin Dong County Tianzhu in Prefecture Qiandongnan COunty Kaili site at Measure: Mitigation Design and Construction Phase Visual impact of new 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Design should be in facilities, if not located, accordance with relevant designed or constructed in standards as well as sympathy with the local aesthetics ideas. heritage and surroundings Local communities should be involed in the design . Improper management of 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Mud and solid waste from solid waste and construction should be construction waste collected; materials in the local Excess materials should be environment collected and disposed in designated sites; Materials and spoil should not be stored near rivers; Clean temporary construction sites and remove temporary buildings Discharge of wastewater 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Septic tanks should be into surface water courses provided in the workers’ camp; Construction wastewater should be collected in a sedimentation tank Disturbance of sediments 9 9 9 9 9 9 Dredging exercise should that occur in river dredging be carefully scheduled to 71 Impacts makingDanzai in - Tianlong Fortress Congjiang in Village Biasha County Guizhou Culturaland Natural FortressJiuzhou Buyi Nachan Duliujiang Dong in CountyCongjiang Shiqiao Ancient MuManual Paper in Town Ancient Jiuzhou CountyHuangping Jianhe in Miao Yangasha County in Castle Ancient Longli County Jinping County Kaili in Miao Balahe and Xijiang Miao Balahe in Leishan Miao County in Leishan Miao Xijiang County Dong in LipingZhaoxing County Village DongSanbao in CountyRongjiang inTaijiang Miao Shidong County Sanmentang Dong in County Tianzhu Qiandongnan Prefecture in COunty Kaili at site Measure: Mitigation exercise avoid high flow season Adverse impacts of air- 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 The construction site borne dust and noise during should be sprayed with construction water at least twice per day; Powder materials should be covered In windy days; Low-noise equipment should be used; Asphalt mxing station should be located leeward of residential areas; Construction hours not from 10 pm to 6 am; construction traffic should be kept from residential areas Invasion of Alien Species 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Local species should be given preferable consideration in restoring vegetation or greening works; Timbers of local origin should be preferably used and the timber from other places should be controlled via stringent management of quarantine inspection.. Hardpans created by 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Loosen compacted soils

72 Impacts makingDanzai in - Tianlong Fortress Congjiang in Village Biasha County Guizhou Culturaland Natural FortressJiuzhou Buyi Nachan Duliujiang Dong in CountyCongjiang Shiqiao Ancient MuManual Paper in Town Ancient Jiuzhou CountyHuangping Jianhe in Miao Yangasha County in Castle Ancient Longli County Jinping County Kaili in Miao Balahe and Xijiang Miao Balahe in Leishan Miao County in Leishan Miao Xijiang County Dong in LipingZhaoxing County Village DongSanbao in CountyRongjiang inTaijiang Miao Shidong County Sanmentang Dong in County Tianzhu Qiandongnan Prefecture in COunty Kaili at site Measure: Mitigation construction activities leading to dificault re- establishment of vegetative cover Odour 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Keep the WWT facilities away from sensitive receptors Noise to sensitive receptors 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Keep pathway away from sensitive receptors; Keep parking lots away from sensitive receptors Improper management of 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Re-planting trees; spoils and extensive Minimize area of excavation, clearance of construction; ground vegetation leading Spoils should be to soil erosion compacted and covered in stockpile areas. Operation Phase Improper disposal of solid 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Put garbage cans for waste and sludges from tourists; WWT facilities Collect garbage from tourist centers Sludge should be transported to the county landfill for disposal Discharge of wastewater 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Wastewater from hotels into surface water courses and tourist centers should be collected to the WWT facilities.

73 Impacts makingDanzai in - Tianlong Fortress Congjiang in Village Biasha County Guizhou Culturaland Natural FortressJiuzhou Buyi Nachan Duliujiang Dong in CountyCongjiang Shiqiao Ancient MuManual Paper in Town Ancient Jiuzhou CountyHuangping Jianhe in Miao Yangasha County in Castle Ancient Longli County Jinping County Kaili in Miao Balahe and Xijiang Miao Balahe in Leishan Miao County in Leishan Miao Xijiang County Dong in LipingZhaoxing County Village DongSanbao in CountyRongjiang inTaijiang Miao Shidong County Sanmentang Dong in County Tianzhu Qiandongnan Prefecture in COunty Kaili at site Measure: Mitigation

74 Potential Impacts to Specific Sites and Mitigation

At some sites, there are environmental risks that are a result of the sites unique environment, or the particular investments to be made at the site.

The most significant risks are expected at Guanlin National Geo-Park: mainly related to the construction of the exhibition hall of triasichthyosaur and construction of rock and green area of trias park; Xingyi National Geo-Park, related to the construction of the fossile museam of Guizhou Dragon; Wanfenglin National Scenic Area, mainly related to construction of pathway along Nahui River and the regulation of the river bank, emcampment and the pathway for walking and biking, and discharge of treated effluent; Shamu River National Scenic Area, mainly related to construction of Miejiayan bridge and a port on Liangcha River and discharge of treated effluent.

Risk of Overdevelopment in the National Scenic Areas

In Guizhou, it lies 13 national level scenic areas. The Construction Department manages designated scenic areas with responsibilities delegated to the relevant administrative levels.

While classified scenic areas are afforded administrative protection, the stakeholder consultation in SEA indicates that the implementation is weak and the Construction Bureau has raised concerns about uncontrolled commercial development within those areas.

Recommendation: Construction within scenic areas is already regulated; issues raised during consultation related to the enforcement of the existing regulations. It is recommended that Construction Bureau representatives be included in provincial and regional development planning since consultation suggests that they are unware of plans being proposed by other government departments within the reserves under their jurisdiction.

Guanlin National Geo-Park

A. Risk

An exhibition hall of triasichthyosaur will be constructed in the core area of the geo-park, taking a footprint of 3500 m2. In addition a rock and green area of trias park will be constructed in the central development area of the geo-park. The two structures themselves may pose potentially impact on the landscape in such areas as an integrated part of the park. Furthermore, construction activity of the two structures will cause potential impacts to the fragile fossil resource through viberation of equipment such as piling and movement of construction vehicles. Increased tourists flow will pose another potential impact on the valuable natural resource of fossils which may be vandalized or damaged if the tourists are away from the designated routes.

B. Mitigation measures:

y Architechtural style or color should be consistent with the surrounding environment; y Siting of the two structures should be carefully selected and confirmed by archeological investigation; y A procedure of construction management associated with fossil protection should be established ;

75 y Construction activity should be immediately stopped if any cultural property is found and the regulatory department should be informed to assess the property. Construction should not be continued without the permission of the regulatory department on cultural property; y Access road to the construction site should be carefully selected to avoid the sensitive areas potentially having fossils resource; y Educational program should be provided to the contractor on the importance of the protection of the fossile resource; y Competent contractor should be selected to undertake the works so as to minimize the impact on the fossil resource; y Enhance environmental awareness by posting signs and provide training to tour guides; y Control the number of tourists to the core area; y Education programes should be provided to the tourists on the importance of the heritage protection.

Xingyi National Geo-Park

A. Risk

A fossile museum of Guizhou Dragon will be constructed within the park with a footprint being 10,000 m2. As with Guanlin Natinal Geo-park, the visual impact of the structure, and the construction impacts, and the cultural heritage damage impact are of great concern for this component.

B. Mitigation Measures: y Architechtural style or color should be consistent with the surrounding environment; y Siting of the two structures should be carefully selected and confirmed by archeological investigation; y A procedure of construction management associated with fossil protection should be established; Construction activity should be immediately stopped if any cultural property is found and the regulatory department should be informed to assess the property. Construction should not be continued without the permission of the regulatory department on cultural property; y Access road to the construction site should be carefully selected to avoid the sensitive areas potentially having fossils resource; y Educational program should be provided to the contractor on the importance of the protection of the fossile resource; y Competent contractor should be selected to undertake the works so as to minimize the impact on the fossil resource; y Enhance environmental awareness by posting signs and provide training to tour guides; y Education programes should be provided to the tourists on the importance of the heritage protection.

Wanfenglin National Scenic Area

A. Risk

76 A 50 km pathway will be constructed along the Nahui River with the associated works to rehabilitate river banks. The Nahui River is an integrated part of the scenic resource in the scenic area, thus any construction activities near this river should be carefully managed so as to minimize the impact on the river, i.e. wastewater from workers’ camps and prevent construction materials from falling into the river. 10 camps will be installed along the route near the domestic settlements for visitors to stay overnight, with the land occupation for each camp being 5,000 m2.. The domestic wastewater and solidwaste would be created in these camp sites which will pose serious impact on the surrounding environment. The pathway for walking and biking within the scenic area is 250 km which partially upgrades the original paythway and convert some to recreational sites for horse riding and bull fighting. Construction of these sites and pathways may disturb the ground vegetation and operation of these sites may lead to damage to the eco-system.

It is regulated that treated effluent is prohibited from being discharged directly into surface waters within the national scenic areas. The treated effluent from the porposed WWT facility should be reused in irrigation of grassland or forest. Pathogens or virus contained in the effluent may cause risk on the health of the visitors if they enter the area where effluent is applied.

B. Mitigation Measures:

y Sites for recreational activities should be carefully selected to avoid ecologically sensitive areas; y Educational programes should be provided to construction team on environmental protection in scenic area; y Workers’ camps should be away from the Nahui river; y Spoils and solid wastes should be collected and stored in a designated site away from the river and transported out of the site regularly; y Construction sites for the recreational camps and sites for bull fighting, etc. should be fenced and minimized to reduce the disturbance on the ground vegetation; y Wastewater and solid waste collection system should be provided in each of the recreational camps; y Boundary of each camp should be clearly indicated in posts; y Enhance environmental awareness by posting signs and providing training to tour guides; y Routes for walking and biking should be carefully selected to avoid ecologically sensitive areas; y Treated effluent from the WWT facilities should be reused for grassland or forest irrigation which are remote from surface waters or important groundwater aquifers. y The visitors should be banned from entering into the area applied with treated effluent with posting warnings. y Excess sludge from the WWT facility should be transported to the landfill in the county for landfill.

Shamu River National Scenic Area

A. Risk

The Port proposed to be constructed on the Liangcha River will occupy an area of 800 m2, and a concrete bridge of Niejiayan with a span at 100 m to be constructed over Shamu River. Construction of these works will have severe impact on the water quality. Construction

77 materials falling into the river and the disturbance of the river sediments by the construction of underwater works are exemples for such impact. Visitors boating on the rivers may cause littering of solid wastes into the river.

It is regulated that treated effluent is prohibited from being discharged directly into surface waters within the national scenic areas. The treated effluent from the porposed WWT facility should be reused in irrigation of grassland or forest. Pathogens or virus contained in the effluent may cause risk on the health of the visitors if they enter the area where effluent is applied.

B. Mitigation Measures:

y Construction activities should be scheduled to concentrate on low flow season; y Construction sites for the underwater works should be dammed to minimize the disturbance of the river sediments; y Construction of the deck of the bridge should be well managed to avoid falloff materials into the river; y The construction solid waste arising from pier construction should be collected and conveyed to designated place for safe disposal in timely manner; y Enhance environmental awareness by posting signs and providing training to tour guides; y Treated effluent from the WWT facilities should be reused for grassland or forest irrigation which are remote from surface waters or important groundwater aquifers; y The visitors should be banned from the area applied with treated effluent with posting warnings. Excess sludge from the WWT facility should be transported to the landfill in the county for landfill.

78 Heritage Conservation Plan

This chapter is intended for discussion of the conservation measures to the potential adverse impacts on the intigrity of the intrinsic values of the cultural heritages under the components for cultural heritage protection and development.

The potential impacts on cultural heritages as a result of the tourism development in Guizhou are discussed in Section 6.2. These impacts are of high importance that should be given priority consideration throughout the process of planning, design, implementation and management of the components.i

Conservation Plan for Classified Heritages

The national and provincial regulations on cultural heritages protection require that repair or reconstruction of the buildings of important historical and cultural values be subject to the administrative approval procedure by reviewing of the proposed conservation plan for the heritages. Such heritages are classified into varified levels for national, provincial and local protection units. The components that are required to prepare the conservation plans and the summary of the preparation information are given in Table 7.1-1 below.

Table 7.1-1 Preparation of Conservation Plans No. Component Heritage Status of Comletionof Conservation Plan Protection Prepared by Date 1 Huangping Urban and Approved Huangping Jiuzhou Jiuzhou National cultural Countryside in ancient town Ancient Town relic protection Planning & Design December, heritage protection unit Institute of 2004 Guizhou Province 2 Shiqiao White Urban and March, Shiqiao White Paper Provincial Countryside 2006 Paper Workshops Workshops culturla relic Planning & Design heritage protection protection unit Institute of Guizhou Province 3 Xijiang Miao Xijiang Miao National famous DAVOST 2007 cultural heritage Village historical and Landscape protection cultural town Planning Institute 4 Sanmentang 2007 Sanmentang National cultural DAVOST Ancient cultural heritage relic protection Landscape Buildings protection unit. Planning Institute Complex

The conservation plan is required to show, but not limited to the following items:

y The level of protection of the building; y The original appearance of the buildings; y The techniques to be used; y The materials to be used; y The drawings for the parts to be repaired, before and after the repair;

Given the protection status of the above four heritages, the conservation management follows a very stringent regulatory procedure. The procedure requires that functional zoning, inventory and protection measures be developed in the application stage for classification of the heritages, and

79 more restrict review and approval procedures for any actions towards these classified heritages, including daily maintenance and major repair and rehabilitation as discussed in Section 4.2.1 . The potential risks on the heritages to be caused by the tourism development strategy thus can be controlled to an acceptable level.

Specific Considerations and Recommendations

The development of tourism in the rural villages and towns may cause damage to the heritages of primary concern. Compared to the heritages protected at various levels, the heritages in these rural locations are more vulnerable to the tourism development. Although most of the components involves the repair and upgrading of existing residential houses that were constructed many years ago in local architectural style to provide accomodation service for visiotrs as guesthouse, the works are still required to be in compliance with local traditional architectrual values, so as to preserve the integrity of the local buildings. Each rural village/town where cultural heritage and development components are to be constructed should prepare their own heritage conservation plan as an integrate part of tourism development plan. A number of considerations for achieving the objetive of heritage conservation would be given in the development of the conservation plans.

Inventory Development

Extensive development of cultural heritages may lead to undiscriminating alternation of buildings, i.e., their strutures and appearances. The heritages in rural villages are particularly at the risk of improper alternation due to lack of awareness of conservation and weak community self- management capacity. The villages/towns which are willing to convert to tourism attractions should be aware of the potential impacts on their integrity of architectural styles. Thus such villages/towns should develop an inventory of the existing cultural heriatges within their areas. This inventory is designed to indicate which buildings are of high cultural and historical importance that should be protected from any type of alternation, as well as the planning consideration for control of new structures that may pose adverse impact on the integrity of the core buildings. The inventory also should classify the heritages to various levels of protection, indicating which buildings can be altered to a minor degree, i.e., inside decoration with modern facilities; and which should be retained in its original inside functions.

As the local communities may not have adequate knowledges and resource, assistance thus is expected to be offered by the relevant expertise designated by cultural heritage administrations.

Standards

As discussed in Section 4.?, China is in the initial stage of standardization for cultural heritage works, and the verified heritages in China offer a difficult task to complete a comprehensive standard system. The standards for materials, techniques and architectural style are generally adepted to local conditions. Consultation with local communities is an important means to establish an acceptable standard system for particular heritage repair/upgrading works. The local administration of cultural heritage thus is suggested to work together with local communities on the establishment of the standard system and review of the design for repair and upgrading works.

Qualification

80 The qualification for construciton teams for the repair/upgrading works of cultural heritages is essential to the successful implementation of the repair/upgrading works. Generally three classes of the construction teams are used to identify the capacity and the scope of works the team is qualified in. The qualification of each class is given below:

y Class A-qualified for repair/rebuiding of heritages at national protection level; y Class B-qualified for repair/rebuilding of heritages at provincial protection level; and y Class C-qualified for repair/rebuilding of heritages at protection level below provincial.

The criterion for identification of the three classes are to be developed by the provincial administration of cultural heritages.

Monitoring

External monitoring by an independant team is necessary for successful implementation of the conservation plan. The quality and compliance to the requirements that are set forth in the bidding documents should be monitored by this team which is experienced in the works of heritage repair/upgrading.The team also needs to work together with local communities in review of any alternation of the design. For any deviation of the design and standards the monitoring team should be responsible for reporting to the administration of cultural heritages.

Public Awareness Promotion

Communities’ willingness to comply with the conservation plan and cooperation in the process of design and monitoring of the works for heritages repair/upgrading is very important to the successful preservation of the heritages. The people should be suggested to be aware of the pros and cons of tourism development in their communities. The conservation plan should be developed under the consultation with the affected communities so as to obtain their understanding and support of the plan.

Construciton Planning

Local communities often lack of capacities to preserve their heritages once these communities are converted to attract tourists. Guidance is necessary from expertise on the construction planning of the affected communities. The core area and the construction control area, if any, should be designated in the communities and the control measures be passed down to the communities committee, so as to enhance their capacity in self-management of construction.

Institutional Arrangement

The relevant organisations at different government levels that are responsible for the implementation of the heritage conservation plan are listed in Table 7.3-1 below.

Table 7.3-1 Responsibilities for Conservation Plan Organization Responsibilities Guizhou Provincial Tourism • Overall responsibility for preparation of the conservation Administration plan; • Overall responsibility for the implementation of the conservation plan.

81 Guizhou Provincial Administration of • Review and approval of heritage conservation plan; Cultural Heritage • General supervision over implementation of conservation plan; • Coordinating environmental protection management with different institutions; Guizhou Project Management Office • Representing the Provincial Tourism Administration on daily management of conservation plan; • Oversight of the implementation of the conservation plan; • Provision of guidance and support to local communities and site management; • Review and transmittal of annual reports on progress against this conservation plan; • Engaging an independent monitoring team. Municipal Administration of Cultural • Provision of guidance and support to local communities on heritage development of conservation plan; • Site supervision of implementation of conservation plan;

Suggestions on Conservation Plans

The main content of the conservation plan should include, but not limited to the following items given in Table 7.4-1.

Table 7.4-1 Summary of Conservation Plan No. Items Description Responsibility 1 Inventory Inventory of heritages be developed to Local communities; indicate the core part and the classes of Municipal Administration of Cultural various allowance of alternation Heritages 2 Construction Construction planning be developed to Local communities; Planning designate the core area and construction Municipal Administration of Cultural control area Heritages 3 Standards Standards for repair and upgrading of Local communities; heritages Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritages 4. Qualification Qualification criteria for construction Provincial Administration of Cultural requirements teams Heritage 5 Public Machenism to ensure public compliance Local communities; awareness and support to the conservation plan Provincial Project Management program Office; Municipal Administration of Cultural Heritages 6 Capacity Assistance on the control measures to Municipal Administration of Cultural building ensure the successful self-management of Heritages program communities

Reporting

The independent monitoring team is required to prepare a bi-annual report on the implementation of the conservation plan and submit to the provincial project management office. The reports will include;

y A description of the progress of heritage repair/upgrading works in each component;

82 y Evaluation of the implementation of public awareness program and the capacity building program; y Evaluation of any alternation of design of repair/upgrading works; y Evaluation of any deviation to the technical specifications and standards in the construction stage; y Analysis and response to public concerns on the works; y Suggestions for further actions necessary to successful implementation of conservation plan.

83 Alternative Comparison

The alternative analysis includes with and without the project Scenario and location alternative. During the stage of alternative comparison, the considerations on technical, financial and environemntal factors were adopted.

With and Without the Project Scenario

Option 1: World Bank Loans Guizhou cultural and natural heritage protection and development project. Option 2: Without the project.

The analysis of the 2 options is described in the Table 8.1-1.

Table 8.1-1 Analysis of Alternative of With and Without the Project Option 1Implement the project Option 2Without the project z Scientifically and reasonably develop and protect the cultural and natural heritage resources under the assistance of the World Bank z Improve the environmental conditions in the area and improve the living standards z Maintain the status of natural and of residents, enhance local poverty cultural heritage in relatively isolated alleviation and the sustainable circumstances to avoid the risk of development of tourism in Guizhou damage to the precious natural and z According to the master plan of scenic cultural heritage resources area, geological parks and tourism Pros z Maintain the regional environmental development, it is the important step for land use status to avoid the adverse the tourism development of Guizhou environmental impacts in the z Conductive to the development of service construction phase and operation industry and economic structure phase. improvement.

z The need of new rural construction and constructing harmonious society z Improve the relevant protection measures to alleviate the adverse impacts caused by other construction activities in the project regions. z The pollution caused by dust, waste z It is not in line with the policy to the (sewage) water, noise and solid waste will development of the ethnic minority, affect the vegetation and landscape in and the active protection of the construction sites and cause soil erosion. precious cultural heritage, and restrict z The permanent occupation of the land will the cultural exchanges. change the land use form and the noise z The growing pressure of increasing and air pollutant generated by traffic will social development will be more Cons impact on the environment around. serious, the economic structure can z The visitors will have impact on the not be adjusted and optimized. The primitive simple indegenous culture of infrastructure can not be improved. local villages. The improper conduct of z The environmental condition will be tourists on regional cultural and natural incereasingly degraded due to the heritage resources will cause serious growing population causing damage. The growing of the tourist environmental pressure. Surplus labor population will threat the environmental in rural area will either migrate to

84 Table 8.1-1 Analysis of Alternative of With and Without the Project Option 1Implement the project Option 2Without the project carrying capacity of the regions. urban centers or stay to join the agriculture-based economy that tends to further damage the eco- environment.

The implementation of this project can help and promote the protection of cultural and natural heritage and the development of poverty alleviation and tourism industry in order to create a new image and positive benefits for Guizhou in the world. The short-term adverse impacts can be avoided and mitigated with the implement of EMP. Therefore, Option 1 is preferred. Although Option 2 will not cause adverse impact on environment, the poor infrastructure can Conclusion not be improved in the long run. It is a disadvantage for the protection and development of cultural and natural heritage. The living condition of the indegenous people will not be improved and poverty status not ammeliarated. The benefits of protection of local cultural heriatges is at the cost of loss of oppertunities for improvement of sanitation, health, employment and funds for protection of cultural structures and improvement of planning. Furthermore, the risk of damage of cultural heritages is uncertain. Therefore, Option 2 is not preferred. The implementation of the Option 1 will cause some short-term impacts during the construction operation phase and can be minimized by the mitigation measures. It will not cause serious impact on the regional environment. In the long run, this sub-project can improve the tourism condition, develop the tourism of Guizhou province and increase the imcome of residents. Therefore, the construction of the Option 1 is positive and benefiticial to the region.

Location Alternatives

In the process of site selection, the design unit has taken the environmental status and the features of the construction items into consideration and recommended the most reasonable option for the construction sites in terms of environmental, financial and technical considerations.

Jiuzhou Fortress Museum

Option 1: The location is in the ancient house of Lu in the west street of Jiuzhou. The site is close to the street with good basic condition and better municipal infrastructure. The land occupation is only 2,720m2. The maintenance and repairs are limited to the original sites with less impact on the environment around. Option 2: The location is in the southwest of Xiaotunshan. The regional foundation is good but without municipal infrastructure. The land occupation is 3,500m2 which involves farmland. It will have more impact on the environment.

Conclusion: From the perspective of environmental protection, it recommends the Option 1.

Figure 8.2-1 Alternative Analysis for Jiuzhou Fortress Museum

85 8.2.2 Xingyi Dingxiao Guizhou Dragon Museum

Option 1: The location is in the Luyin Village of Dingxiao Development District with the area of 10,000m2. It is in the front of Houlong Mountain and surrounded by hills with good vegetation. There are adequate spaces for the construction of associated facilities, such as parking lot which is far from residential area of the village. Option 2: The location is at the foot of the hill in the east of Luyin Village which is very close to the village. The construction of the museum will cause more impacts on the village. The land area is not enough and it is not convenient for traffic. The landscape effect is also not severe.

Conclusion: From the consideration of impacts on landscape, vegetation, traffic, tourist quantity and the impact on nearby village, it recommends the Option 1.

Figure 8.2-2 Alternative Analysisfor Guizhou Dragon Museum

8.2.3 Guizhou Normal College Tourism Information Center

Option 1: The plot A is located in the southwest of the campus and close to the north Baoshan Road, Jinzhu hotel, the main road of the campus and the living quarters of teacher. The plot is a vacant space with the total area of 6,000 m2. The scheme will occupy the eastern part of the plot with the area of 3,000 m2. The traffic condition is good and without houses demolition. The foundation is also good but the landform is concave there. Almost 70 percent of the public survey supports this option.

Option 2: The plot B is located in the center of the campus and close to the mess hall, auditorium, office district and the main road of the campus. It is the current school playground with the area of 3,000 m2 and there is an underground parking lot. The option will occupy an area of 2,500m2, and cause certain noises on the teachers and students during the construction phase, and the playground and parking lot will be removed. About 27 percent of a public survey supports this scheme.

Conclusion: From the perspective of environmental protection, it recommends the Option 1.

Figure 8.2-3 Alternative Analysis of Guizhou Normal University Tourism Information Center Figure 8.2-4 Plot A Figure 8.2-5 Plot B

EA Suggestions in Project Development Process

The EIA team has provided a number of suggestions on environmental protection for the selection and identification of the project in the process of project development:

A. Proposals for Projects Adjustment

In December 2006, the Guizhou Province Development and Reform Commission approved the proposal for the project. In April 2007, the experts of the World Bank requested the integration of the project and a decrease in the sub-projects because of the rationality and design depth problem of the proposal. The EIA unit analyzed the compatibility of the project with sensitive protection areas, laws and planning, and suggested to reject some components which were against the requirements of environmental protection. The outcome of the proposal for the project finally was integrated into 12 districts.

86 The details of the rejected components are listed in Table 8.4-1.

B. Joint research of EIA unit, Design Unit and SIA unit.

The EIA unit, DesignUunit and SIA unit have visited the project areas many times and consulted for the comments and the opinions of the World Bank experts and local relevant organizations/agencies from April to November in 2007.

The proposed revisions of EIA unit are list in the table 8.3-2.

C. Optimization and in-depth design

In December 2007, the World Bank delegation checked the first draft of the assessment report and gave some suggestions. After that, the World Bank Project Office organized the design units to investigate the construction sites in January 2008.

The proposed optimizations of EIA report are listed in Table 8.3-3.

87 Table 8.3-1 Components Rejected in the Adjustment Stage of Proposals Regions Sensitive area Reason for Rejection Conclusion Qianxinan Xinyi Malinghe canyon scenic The component includes building a dam for artifical waterfall which goes against the Rejection prefecture county area requirement of comprehensive water resource utilization of Maling river. Qiannan Pingtang Pingtang Zhangbu-Jiacha The sub-project goes against the master plan of Pingtang national geological park Rejection prefecture county scenic area The component involves the scenic areas of Xiaoqikong, Daqikong, Shuichunhe and The construction Zhangjiang landscape belt. Because the scenic areas of Xiaoqikong and Daqikong contents involving Libo Zhangjiang national have been placed into the World Natural Heritage Directory, this project can not the scenic areas of county scenic area involve those areas in term of the relevant regulation of the World Bank. Therefore, Xiaoqikong and the sub-project only involves the Shuichunhe scenic area and Zhangjiang landscape Daqikong have been belt. rejected Qiandongnan Jianhe The sub-project involves the core areas of Gedong paleontologic fossil provincial Balang scenic area Rejection prefecture county nature reserve and goes against the relevant statutes

Table 8.3-2 Revisions Suggested by EIA Team in the Joint Research Stage Regions Components Proposed revisions Conclusion Pingba Tianlong Fortress cultural z Pump ground water to supply the municipal water for greening irrigation Cancelled county heritage protection Anshun City Guanling Guanling national geological z Build a huge statuary to attract the traveler nearby the freeway Cancelled county park heritage protection z Change the highway with the length of 5km into pathway in order to mitigate The suggestions Qiandongnan Congjiang Duliujiang Dong culture the adverse impact on eco-environment have been prefecture county heritage protection z Regulate the construction scheme of rubbish disposal plant adopted z Regulate the car parks which occupy the basic farmland z Regulate the construction of primary material planting base for ancient paper The suggestions Danzai Danzai Miao cultural heritage manufacture because of the plenteous material resource around have been county protection z Because of the water pollution caused by lead-zinc exploitation, it is suggested adopted to close the mines which go against the national industry policy. The suggestions Jianghe Yangasha minority cultural z Regulate the hot spring construction items which occupy the basic farmland have been county heritage protection adopted

88 Table 8.3-2 Revisions Suggested by EIA Team in the Joint Research Stage Regions Components Proposed revisions Conclusion z Regulate the Bala river basin plan as the drinking water source of Kaili Kaili Balahe Miao cultural heritage county, the plan has been evaluated until the end of July 2007 and the county protection in Kaili The suggestions Qiandongnan prefecture government is dealing with the approval progress. have been With the communication with the relevant government department, it is Leishan Balahe Miao cultural heritage adopted suggested that the Miao villages in Bala river basin should adopt the item of county protection in Leishan village environment improvement and ancient traditional houses maintenance. The suggestions Leishan Xijiang Miao cultural heritage z Regulate the construction scheme of rubbish disposal plant have been county protection adopted The suggestions Liping Zhaoxing Dong cultural z Regulate the construction scheme of rubbish disposal plant have been county heritage protection adopted The suggestions Qianxinan Zhenfeng Nachan Buyi cultural and z Improve the construction of sanitary facilities in Nachan village have been prefecture county natural heritage protection adopted z The sub-project involves the Shuichunhe scenic area and Zhangjiang landscape belt. After the discussion with the governments of Qiannan Zhangjiang national scenic The suggestions Qiannan Libo prefecture and Libo county, the EIA unit suggests to cancel the sub-project in area cultural and natural have been prefecture county order to keep the coherence of Libo Zhangjiang world heritage area and heritage protection adopted periphery area, and it is conducive to the extension of Libo Zhangjiang world heritage area.

Table 8.3-3 Revisions Suggested by EIA Team in Optimization and In-depth Design Stage Regions Components Proposed revisions Conclustion Xingyi national geological Qianxinan Xingyi Optimize the entry road which involved 28 persons in 8 household The construction contents have been park Dingxiao Guizhou prefecture county with the land occupation of 1320 m2 optimized dragon heritage protection The construction of the road with the length of 19.4km will Doupengshan national scenic seriously impact the eco-environment of Doupengshan-Jianjiang Qiannan Duyun The construction contents have been area cultural and natural national scenic area and go against the master plan of prefecture county canceled heritage protection Doupengshan-Jianjiang national scenic area. It is suggested to optimize the construction scheme.

89 Table 8.3-3 Revisions Suggested by EIA Team in Optimization and In-depth Design Stage Regions Components Proposed revisions Conclustion According to the review comments of the World Bank, the Guizhou Architecture Design and Qiandongnan Can meet the requirement of the Research Institute will assist in the design of Guizhou Town and County Plan Research Institute as prefecture World Bank Security Policy well as the EIA unit in order to meet the requirement of the World Bank

90 9 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

Objective and Principle

According to the requirement of the environmental protection laws and regulations of China and the World Bank Operation Policy OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment, the public consultation and information disclosure should be included in the EIA progress.

The public consultation of EIA is to help local residents to have timely and accurate knowledge of project information and potential impacts. It is important to realize the most concerned issues and the attitude of the public. Based on the comments and opinions of the public, measures should be designed and implemented to address the concerns of the public.

Public consultation shall be organized by either the project proponent or the EIA institute by the means of:

• Public survey, such as questionnaire survey; • Public meetings; • Expert consultation; • Workshops;and • Public hearing.

First Round of Public Consultation

The first round of public consultation was carried out before the outline of the EA was prepared. According to the requests of Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People’s Republic of China and the Interim Procedures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment and the World Bank Operation Policy OP 4.01, the EIA unit has prepared the booklets that decribes the project and the potential impacts and questionnaire based on the information and data of the proposals for the project, and carried out the first round of public consultation.

In the first round during the EIA outline preparation, the EIA unit obtained opinions from relevant departments and individuals and NGOs through the forms of public meeting, questionnaires and interviews from April 24 to April 30 and May 11 to May 18 in 2007.

A. Personal Interview

The interview with residents affected is to understand their attitude and concerns towards the proposed project. The public concerns on environemntal impacts and their suggestions to improve the project were summarized for the preparation of the response in the second round consultation, with some information feedbacked to the owner and design unit for consideration in the design. The interviews with residents were carried out through public meetings with local residents and distribution of questionnaires.

The survey covered Anshun City and Qiandongnan prefecture. 200 copies of questionnaires have been distributed and 196 copies recovered.

B. Group Interview

91 The EIA unit has visited the related regional authorities, such as local governments, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Tourist Agency, and NGOs. The people of each department seriously listened to the basic conditions of the project and gave their opinions and filled the questionnaire. The survey groups for first round public consultations are described in Table 9.2-1.

Table 9.2-1 Summary of First Round Consultation Series number Region Department Guizhou Tourism Agency, Guizhou Normal 1 Guiyang City University Anshun Tourism Agency, Anshun Environmental Protection Agency 2 Anshun City Guanling Tourism Agency, Guanling Environmental Protection Agency Xingyi Tourism Agency, Xingyi Environmental Protection Agency 3 Qianxinan prefecture Zhenfeng Tourism Agency, Zhenfeng Environmental Protection Agency Kaili Tourism Agency, Kaili Environmental Protection Agency Congjiang Tourism Agency, Congjiang Environmental Protection Agency Danzai Tourism Agency, Danzai Environmental Protection Agency Huangping Tourism Agency, Huangping Environmental Protection Agency Jianhe Tourism Agency, Jianhe Environmental Protection Agency Jinping Tourism Agency, Jinping Environmental Protection Agency 4 Qiandongnan prefecture Leishan Tourism Agency, Leishan Environmental Protection Agency Liping Tourism Agency, Liping Environmental Protection Agency Rongjiang Tourism Agency, Rongjiang Environmental Protection Agency Shibing Tourism Agency, Shibing Environmental Protection Agency Taijiang Tourism Agency, Taijiang Environmental Protection Agency Tianzhu Tourism Agency, Tianzhu Environmental Protection Agency

First Round Information Disclosure

According to the requirement of Interim Procedures of Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment, and in order to extensively get the public opinions for this project, the EIA unit promulgates the outline of EIA both in the local information bulletin board and the official website of GHIDRI (http://www.ghidri.com.cn) for the period from May 1 to November 1 in 2007.

Figure 9.3-1 Information Disclosure

92 9.4 The Second Round of Public Consultation

The EIA units carried out the second round of public consultation immediately after the draft EIA report was prepared.The EIA unit promulgated the draft of EIA report and obtained the opinions of relevant departments and individuals through public meetings, questionnaires and interviews during the period from November 26 to December 12 in 2007.

A. Personal Interview

The scope of the survey covered Guiyang City, Anshun City, Qiandongnan prefecture and Qianxinan prefecture. 300 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 291 copies recovered (result?).

B. Group Interview

The second round of public consultation was mainly carried out with the administration department of environmental sensitive regions such as scenic area, geological parks and heritage protection units. The departments are listed in the Table 9.4-1.

Table 9.4-1 Summary of Group Interview in Scond Round Series number Region Department Guizhou Provincial Government, Guizhou Construction 1 Guizhou province Office, Guizhou Land and Resources Office, Guizhou Culture Office Anshun Construction Agency, Tiantaishan-Shilahe provincial scenic area management office 2 Anshun City Guanling Land and Resources Agency, Guanling national geological park management office Qianxinan prefecture Land and Resources Agency, Xingyi national geological park management office 3 Qianxinan prefecture Qianxinan prefecture Construction Agency, Malinghe canyon- Wanfeng lake provincial scenic area management office Qiandongnan prefecture Construction Agency, Qiandongnan prefecture Culture Agency Wuyanghe national scenic area management office Jinping Sanbanxi-Longli ancient town provincial scenic Qiandongnan 4 area management office prefecture Liping Dong village national scenic area management office Rongjiang ancient banyan provincial scenic area management office

C. Public Meetings

In order to better understand the public opinions, the EIA unit convened public meetings with local residents. The public meetings were held for six times and the number of participants was more than 10 people. Many local governmental staff joined the meetings.

Figure 9.4-1 Public meeting

93 9.5 Scond Round of Information Disclosure

A. Network

The EIA unit promulgates the content of the draft of EIA and the summary of the assessment conclusions both at the local information bulletin board and at the official website of GHIDRI (http://www.ghidri.com.cn) for the period from November 26, 2007 to February 20, 2008.

B. Newspaper

The EIA unit also published the information of EA on newspaper so the public can better understand the project. The information was published in Guizhou Daily on January 30 2008, which is a major provincial newspaper.

Figure 9.5-1 The Publication of the EIA Draft in Project Regions

Figure 9.5-2 Information disclosure in Guizhou Daily

C. Consultation with Local Tourism Agencies

As most of the project components are located in ethnic minority areas where few people can get EA information via internet or newspapers, the EIA unit has sent the draft EIA report to the local Tourism Agency for the review by the public. Moreover, the EIA unit also published a public hotline telephone number to seek comments from the society for the project.

9.6 Consultation Result Statistics

The typical examples of personal interview are listed in the following table.

Table 9.6-1 Informations of Typical Examples of Personal Interview Serial Nati Professio Educational numbe Name Sex Age onali Home address n degree r ty Tianlong fortress, Nongzho Junior high Tiantai mountain, 1 Male 51 Buyi Farmer ng Xiang school Tianlong town, Pingba county, Anshun city Biasha village, Guoqing Junior high 2 Male 28 Han Farmer Congjiang county, Wang school Qiandongnan prefecture Langde upper village, Enhua Mia Elementary 3 Male 32 Farmer Leishan county, Yang o school Qiandongnan prefecture Lvying village, Femal Mia undergraduat Dingxiao development 4 Deju Xie 38 Teacher e o e district, Xingyi county, Qianxinan prefecture Femal Junior high 5 Dequn Li 36 Han Salesman Guiyang city e school

94 Technical Jiuzhou fortress, Jiuzhou Chaomao Mia 6 Male 62 Teacher secondary town, Xixiu district, Jiang o school Anshun city Nachan village, Yuanyou Mia Junior high 7 Male 31 Farmer Zhenfeng county, Shu o school Qianxinan prefecture Sanmengtang village, Junior high 8 Luo Ning Male 16 Han Farmer Tianzhu county, school Qiandongnan prefecture The result of the group interview is list edin the table 9.6-2.

Table 9.6-2 Main Result of the Group Interview Question Opinion and suggestion This project will benefit to the local economy A. What favorable and adverse impact do development and poverty alleviation. It can also you think the project will cause? enhance the tourism and other industries’ development. B. How about the environment quality at The environment quality is good. The most the present? What is your most concerned concerned problem is soil erosion. environment problem? The construction activity will cause small impact on C. What environment problem do you think the environment and soil erosion. It is suggested that will be caused by the project? What about to protect the vegetation and eco-environment, the suggestion of you? mitigate the impact of dust and noise. D. What about the opinions and suggestions Negotiate with the residents and establish of you for the migrant resettlement? resettlement scheme and suitable compensation plan. E. What is the general attitude of you All the groups approve of the project. towards the project? F. What about the other opinion and Keep communication with the residents and ensure suggestion of you for the project? the successfully implement of the project The information of the personal investigation result is list in the table 9.6-3.

95 Table 9.6-3 The Detailed Result of Personal Interview Serial Statistics result Question number Result Quantity Percentage Result Quantity Percentage Result Quantity Percentage Do you know the 1 Yes 196 100 A little 0 0 No 0 0 project? What is you attitude 2 Support 196 100 Indifferent 0 0 Oppose 0 0 towards the project? What do you think is Cultural and natural Tourism Economy 3 the main object of the 142 72.4 46 23.5 8 4.1 heritage protection development development project? What kinds of impact 4 do you think the Favorable 196 0 None 0 0 Adverse 0 0 project will cause? What kinds of impact do you think the 5 Favorable 196 0 None 0 0 Adverse 0 0 project will cause on social environment? What kinds of impact do you think the 6 Favorable 135 68.9 None 56 28.6 Adverse 5 2.5 project will cause on eco-environment? What kinds of impact do you think the project will cause on 7 Favorable 103 52.6 None 78 39.8 Adverse 15 7.9 ambient air, acoustic and water environment? What do you think the environment protection measures 8 Strength regulation 146 74.5 Strictly control 50 25.5 Simply dispose 0 0 should be in the construction and operation phase? What do you think the water and soil conservation measures 9 Strength regulation 158 80.6 Strictly control 38 19.4 Simply dispose 0 0 should be in the construction and operation phase?

96 What kinds of impact do you think the 10 Favorable 196 0 None 0 0 Adverse 0 0 project will cause on local infrastructure? Is there any rare and protection animals and 11 Yes 134 68.4 I don’t know 25 12.8 No 37 18.8 plant around project site? What is the main 12 income of your Farm 156 79.6 Work 32 16.3 Other 8 4.1 family? Do you want to take part in the 13 Yes 196 100 Indifferent 0 0 No 0 0 construction of the project? Do you agree with the national compensation and resettlement 14 regulation if the Yes 196 100 Indifferent 0 0 No 0 0 project will impact on your farmland and house? What is your favorest 15 resettlement location Village 112 57.1 Town 64 32.7 County 20 10.2 if you are migrant? What is your favorest 16 profession if you are Farm 132 67.3 Work 56 28.6 Other 8 4.1 migrant? What do you think the 17 living condition after Increase 176 89.8 Changeless 16 8.16 Decrease 4 2.04 resettlement will be? What is your most 18 worry about if you are Bad living condition 84 42.9 Unconformable 102 52.04 Inconvenient traffic 10 5.06 migrant?

97 9.7 Results of Social Environment Assessment

The results of Public Awareness of Project Survey conducted by the Social Impact team indicate that the public extensively take part in the consultation of the project. The main results of the survey result of social environment assessment unit include the following aspects:

z Most of the residents in the construction sites are aware of the project ; z The village officials have strictly implemented the procedure of World Bank with the requirements of social environment assessment unit in the progress of traditional houses reform; z The social environment assessment unit has given some suggestions for the work of prophase unreserved acquaintance. The investigation indicates that the suggestions have been adopted.

The survey result indicates that the prophase work can meet the requirement of the World Bank and received good effect. It can provide sufficient preparation for project implementation.

9.8 Main Concerns and Public Opinions

A. Main Concerns

Environment impact: The construction of this project inevitably has some impacts on the environment. In the public participation, almost all residents agreed to cooperate with related departments for the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts.

Land occupation and the resettlement of migrants: The construction of this project will cause migrant resettlement. The migrants expect that the government can constitute rational compensation standards based on the practical situation and solicit their opinions in order to guarantee that the funds are available. The government also wishes to get the opinions of the public while constitute the supportive policy in order to carry out corresponding knowledge training and skills for the migrants.

B. Opinions

The opinion and suggestion of the public should be realistic approaches to the relevant departments for optimization of the design of the project. The conclusion and reason should be promulgated. It is necessary to implement the protection measures based on national policies and relevant criterion to release the worried public. The interest of the public must be addressed in the whole process of design, construction and operation of the project.

The content of eco-environmental quality should be included in the EIA report, which should be analyzed for the type, scope, extent of the project and establishment of the mitigation measures. Plans should also be prepared for environment monitoring, supervision and management. The environment impacts which can not be confirmed should be studied further through appropriate researches in next stage of the project.

The comments and suggestions of the resettlement should be provided to the administration department and the unit which compile the Plan of Migration Resettlement, in order to adopt the reasonable suggestions of the public in the progress of resettlement.

98 Environment Management and Monitoring Plan

10.1 Environment Mitigation Measures

The main environmental impacts and mitigation measures in construction phase and operation phase are listed in the Annex Table 1.

10.2 Institutional Arrangement

10.2.1 Environment Management Organizations

The responsibilities of environmental management organizations are given in table 10.2-1 below.

Table 10.2-1 Responsibilities for Environmental Management: Organization Responsibility Guizhou Tourism Administration y in charge of managing the environmental protection work and conducting feasibility study on projects; y overall responsibility for preparation and implementation of EMP; y coordinating the environmental management work among government departments and construction units; y providing guidance to construction unit on environmental management Guizhou Provincial Project y in charge of daily works on implementation and management of Management Office environment action during design and construction; y reporting to guizhou Tourism Administration on implementation of EMP; Sub-project Office of prefecture y in charge of daily works in implementation and management of and city environmental protection measures during operation; Environemntal Monitoring Station y environmental monitoring in construction and operation phases

10.2.2 Environment Supervision Organizations

The responsibilities for environmental supervision are given in table 10.2-2 below.

Table 10.2-2 Responsibilities for Environmental Supervision Organization Responsibility Guizhou y Project environmental supervision and administration. Environmental y Supervise the implementation of EMP; Protection Bureau y Enforce applicable laws, regulations and standards; y Coordinate the environmental protection effort between departments concerned;. y Check and supervise the construction, completion and operation of environment facilities; y Guide the municipal and county EPBs to carry out environmental management. Environmental y Supervise the construction unit to implement EMP and enforce applicable protection Bureau of regulations and standard; Guiyang City, y Coordinate the environmental protection effort between departments Qiandongnan concerned; Prefecture, Qianxinan y Check and supervise the construction, completion and operation of Prefecture and Anshun environment facilities thin their jurisdiction scope. City

99 Enviromental Management Procedure

The environmental management procedure of the components is shown in the Figure 10-2-1.

Figure 10.2-1 Environmental Management Procedure

10.3 Training Plan

The training cost should be included in the operation and management budget. The detailed training programs are listed in the Table 10.3-1&10.3-2.

Table 10.3-1 Overall Training Plan The personnel of World Trainin Bank Project Office of The Public in Sub-project g Contractor Guizhou Tourism Agency, Site Object the sub-project offices

100 The personnel of World Trainin Bank Project Office of The Public in Sub-project g Contractor Guizhou Tourism Agency, Site Object the sub-project offices y The policy of y the national and y the relationship between cultural and natural provincial laws, cultural and natural heritage protection and regulations and heritage protection and development of the requirements of the lives of local residents World Bank environmental y the significance of y the introduction protection and water tourism development and of cultural and natural and soil conversation participation heritage protection and y the environmental y the methods to take part in development projects protection measures in the cultural and natural y the construction phase heritage protection and international heritage y the repair and tourism development program rebuilding technology y the training of restaurant y the introduction of ancient buildings service and sanitation of regional heritage y the protection knowledge Training management cases measures for cultural y the basic knowledge of Content y the innovation and natural heritage cultural and natural and practice of scenic y the environmental risk heritage protection and area managment emergency scheme in environmental protection y the repair and construction phase y the environmental risk rebuilding technology of emergency scheme in ancient buildings operation phase y the environmental protection content and mitigation measures y the environmental protection measures in operation phase

Table 10.3-2 Training Plan for Each Component Construction Phase Training object Personnel Training content Cost() sites Tianlong Environmental fortress Properation protection cultural 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel heritage of project office protection Contactor and Construction environmental 3 , , , , 6,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 4 ABCDEF 8,000 phase and local public deputation Jiuzhou Environmental fortress Properation protection 2 ,,,,,, , 4,000 cultural phase management personnel heritage of project office

101 protection Contactor and Construction environmental 3 , ,, 6,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 4 A, B, C, D, EF 8,000 phase and local public deputation Guanling Environmental national Properation protection geological 2 ,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel park heritage of project office protection Contactor and Construction environmental 4 , , , , 8,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDE 6,000 phase and local public deputation Biasha village Environmental cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 3 , , , , 6,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 4 ABCDEF 8,000 phase and local public deputation Duliujiang Environmental Dong cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, — heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 3 , , , , 6,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 4 ABCDEF 8,000 phase and local public deputation Danzai Miao Environmental cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 1 , , , , 2,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 2 ABCDE 4,000 phase and local public deputation

102 Jiuzhou Environmental ancient city Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 3 , , , , 6,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Yangasha national Environmental cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 region phase management personnel heritage of project office protection Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Environmental Longli ancient Properation protection city heritage 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Bala river Environmental Miao cultural Properation protection heritage 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel protection in of project office Kaili region Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Bala river Miao cultural Environmental heritage Properation protection protection in 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel Kaili region in of project office Leishan region

103 Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Xijiang Miao Environmental cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, — heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Zhaoxing Environmental Dong cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Chejiang Sanbao Environmental village Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 cultural phase management personnel heritage of project office protection Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Shamu river Environmental cultural and Properation protection natural 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel heritage of project office protection Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDE 6,000 phase and local public deputation

104 Shidong Environmental cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Sanmentang Environmental cultural Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 heritage phase management personnel protection of project office Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Xingyi national geological Environmental park and Properation protection Dingxiao 2 ,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel Guizhou of project office dragon heritage protection Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , ,, 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 2 ABCDE 4,000 phase and local public deputation Wanfenglin Environmental scenic cultural Properation protection and natural 2 ,,,,,, 4,000 phase management personnel heritage of project office protection Contactor and Construction environmental 3 , ,, 6,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 4 ABCDE 8,000 phase and local public deputation Nachan Buyi Environmental cultural and Properation protection 2 ,,,,,,, 4,000 natural phase management personnel heritage of project office

105 protection Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , , , , 4,000 phase supervision engineer Environmental Operation protection personnel 3 ABCDEF 6,000 phase and local public deputation Guizhou cultural and Environmental natural Properation protection heritage 1 ,,,, ,, 2,000 phase management personnel protection and of project office development center Contactor and Construction environmental 2 , ,, 4,000 phase supervision engineer Summation 153 298,000 Training Program A: 1) the policy of cultural and natural heritage protection and development of the World Bank 2) the introduction of cultural and natural heritage protection and development projects 3) the international heritage program 4) the introduction of regional heritage management cases 5) the innovation and practice of scenic area managment 6) the repair and rebuild technology of ancient buildings 7) the environmental protection content and mitigation measures 8) the environmental protection measures in operation phase

Training Program B: I. the national and provincial laws, regulations and requirements of environmental protection and water and soil conservation II. the environmental protection measures in construction phase III. the repair and rebuilding technology of ancient buildings IV. the protection measures for cultural and natural heritage V. the environmental risk emergency scheme in construction phase

Training Program C: A. the relationship between cultural and natural heritage protection and the lives of local residents B. the significance of tourism development and participation C. the methods to take part in the cultural and natural heritage protection and tourism development D. the training of folk diet business and sanitation E. the basic knowledge of cultural and natural heritage protection and environmental protection F. the environmental risk emergency scheme in operation phase

106 10.4 Environment Supervision Plan

The environmental protection supervision plan is listed in the Table 10.4-1.

Table 10.4-1 Environmental Supervision Plan Phase Institution Content Objective y check the outline of EA y ensure the Guizhou y check the EA report sufficiency and provincial y check the EMP correction of assessment government content Guizhou y ensure the environmental consideration of major Feasibility protection agency and potential study phase The World Bank environment problem Local y ensure the government feasibility of the Local implementation of the environmental environmental protection protection agency plan y check the primary y the environmental protection design and implementation of EMP environmental protection y check the environmental progress recovery of temporary land y ensure the occupation and vegetation. regions meet the Guizhou y check the mitigation environmental protection provincial measures for noise and dust, decide requirement government construction time y decrease the Guizhou y check the emissions of air impacts on surrounding environmental pollutants. environment and Design and protection agency y check the effluent and implement relevant construction Local disposal of domestic sewage and environmental protection phase government waste oil. laws and regulations. Local y the recovery of borrow and y prevent the environmental disposal yard. pollution of the rives protection agency y check the disposal of y prevent the Local cultural sullage destroy of landscape and relics agency y check the existence of land resource, avoid soil underground cultural relics erosion. y ensure the disposal of sullage y prevent the cultural relics from damage. y check the implementation y the Guizhou tourism of EMP in operation phase implementation of EMP agency y check the implementation y the Local of monitoring plan. implementation of Operation environmental y check whether the monitoring plan phase protection agency environmental sensitive spots need y protect Local tourism further mitigation measures. environment agency y check whether the y enhance environmental quality of sensitive environmental spots meets the requirement of management and protect

107 standards. public health y enhance supervision and y ensure the establish emergency scheme to discharged sewage meet prevent emergent accident or the requirement of mitigate the impact relevant standards

10.5 Environmental Management Plan

Assessment of the potential impacts of the project, and its activities at each site, shows that there is a wide range of mitigation measures that are applicable to all sites. These measures can be grouped as follows:

10.5.1 Measures at Strategic Level

Table 10.5-1 Recommendation from SEA Issues/Risk Activity or Feature of Recommended Action Responsibility Timing/Phase Policy or Plan Ecology and y Infrastructure y Provide Provincial Operation Biodiversity development in visitors guidance on PMO; phase geoparks; appropriate Cultural y Active behaviours to Bureau; nature-based tourism minimize impacts on Tourism proposed in scenic flora and fauna and Bureau areas (eg trekking); the fossil resource; y Training for tour guides so that environmental awareness and education are a key part of the message to visitors. Landscape y Construction y Include Provincial Feasibility and Visual of hotels, restaurants Landscape and EPB; Study Phase Impacts and entertainment visual impact Provincial venues within and assessment in EIA Cultural outside classified procedure in Bureau scenic areas Guizhou Surface Water y Domestic y Hotels and Provincial Feasibility and wastewater discharge guesthouses should PMO; Study Phase Groundwater from formal, homestay be equipped with Tourism and by the Contamination accommodation and septic tanks as a Bureau operation of restaurants in rural minimum form of the project areas biological treatment of domestic wastewater; y Residents and visitors to rural villages should be encouraged to boil all non-bottled water Environmental y Promotion of y Institutional Tourism Feasibility Awareness tourism at classified training at Bureau; Study Phase geo-parks and scenic provincial, Cultural

108 areas under Plans prefecture/municipal Bureau coupled with a general and county level to lack of understanding ensure that of the concept of eco- environmental tourism considerations are incorporated into development plans; y Develop site specific environmental awareness booklets for private operators and guides, who can pass on relevant information to tousit groups; and y Educate local communities about the importance of natural resource conservation Built Heritage y Restoration y Create a Cultural Feasibility Damaged or of built heritage and Cultural Heritage Bureau; Study Phase Destroyed architecture; Management Construction y Construction Observatory to Bureau; of new tourist provide expertise for Tourism infrastructure such as the effective Bureau car parks, sustainable accommodation, management, restaurants; conservation and y Construction preservation of built of ecological and heritage; cultural museaum y Develop building and restoration standards for minority villages

9.5.2 General Measures for Each Site

Table 9.5-2 General Mitigation Measures for All Sites Issue/Risk Mitigation Measure Responsibility Design Phase Visual and landscape y Design should be in accordance Provicial PMO; impact with relevant standards as well as EIA team aesthetics ideas; Design team y Local communities involvement in the design stage Odour y Keep the WWT facilities away Design team from sensitive receptors Noise to sensitive y Keep pathway away from Design team receptors sensitive receptors; y Keep parking lots away from sensitive receptors

109 Construction Phase Solid waste y Mud and solid waste from Contractor construction should be collected; y Excess materials should be collected and disposed in designated sites; y Materials and spoil should not be stored near rivers; y Clean temporary construction site and remove temporary buildings; y Spoils should be compacted and covered in stockpile areas Surface water y Septic tanks should be Contractor provided in the workers’ camp; y Construction wastewater should be collected in a sedimentation tank; y Dredging exercise should be carefully scheduled to avoid high flow season Soil erosion y Re-planting trees; Contractor y Minimize area of construction; y Loosen compacted soils Air pollution y The construction site should be Contractor sprayed with water at least twice per day; y Powder materials should be covered in windy days; Acoustic environment y Low-noise equipment should Contractor be used;Construction hours not from 10 pm to 6 am;construction traffic should be kept from residential areas Operation Phase Solid waste and sludge y Put garbage cans for tourists; Tourism Bureau; y Collect garbage from tourist Constructio Bureau; centers; Cultural Bureau y Sludge should be transported to the county landfill for disposal Wastewater discharge y Wastewater from hotels and Tourism Bureau; tourist centers should be collected to Construction Bureau the WWT facilities

10.5.3 Specific Mitigation Measures

The environmental assessment of each site has identified a series of specific suggestions for mitigation measures at several sites. Given the special nature of the site or the specific inveswtment that may cause significant impact, the sites identified to use specific mitigation plans are the Guanlin National geopark, Xingyi National Geopark, Wanfenglin National Scenic Area and Shamu River National Scenic Area.

Table 10.5-3 Mitigation Measures Specific for the Sites in Design Phase Site Impacts Mitigation Responsibility Guanlin Visual impact y Architechtural style Design team and EIA

110 National Geo- or color the exhibition hall of team Park triasichthyosaur and the rock and green area of trias park in the Impact on fossil core area should be consistent resource with the surrounding Design team and Land environment resource Bureau

y Siting of the exhibition hall of triasichthyosaur and the rock and green area of trias park should be carefully selected and confirmed by archeological investigation;

Xingyi Visual impact y Architechtural style Design team and EIA National Geo- or color the exhibition hall of team Park triasichthyosaur and the rock and green area of trias park in the core area should be consistent with the surrounding Design team and Land environment Resource Bureau

Impact on fossil y Siting of the resource exhibition hall of triasichthyosaur and the rock and green area of trias park should be carefully selected and confirmed by archeological investigation;

Wanfenglin Impact on eco- y Sites for recreational Design team National system activities should eb carefully Scenic Area selected to avoid ecologically ensitive areas

Risk of Over- Provincial PMO development y Construction Bureau representatives be included in provincial and regional development planing since consultation suugests that they are unware of plans being proposed by other government departments within the protected areas under their jurisdiction Shamu River Risk of Over- y Construction Bureau Provincial PMO National development representatives be included in Scenic Area provincial and regional development planing since consultation suugests that they are unware of plans being proposed by other government departments within the protected areas under their jurisdiction

111 Table 10.5-4 Mitigation Measures Specific for the Sites in Construction Phase Site Impact Mitigation Responsibility Guanlin Damage to Fossil y A procedure of Contractor National Resource construction management Provincial PMO Geo-Park associated with fossil protection Land Resource should be established ; Bureau y Construction activity should be immediately stopped if any cultural property is found and the regulatory department should be informed to assess the property. Construction should not be continued without the permission of the regulatory department on cultural property; y Access road to the construction site should be carefully selected to avoid the sensitive areas potentially having fossils resource; y Educational program should be provided to the contractor on the importance of the protection of the fossile resource; y Competent contractor should be selected to undertake the works so as to minimize the impact on the fossil resource; Xingyi Damage to Fossil y A procedure of Contractor National Resource construction management Provincial PMO Geo-Park associated with fossil protection Land Resource should be established ; Bureau Construction activity should be immediately stopped if any cultural property is found and the regulatory department should be informed to assess the property. Construction should not be continued without the permission of the regulatory department on cultural property; y Access road to the construction site should be carefully selected to avoid the sensitive areas potentially having fossils resource; y Educational program should be provided to the contractor on the importance of

112 the protection of the fossile resource; y Competent contractor should be selected to undertake the works so as to minimize the impact on the fossil resource; Wanfenglin Impact on y Educational Provincial PMO National ecology programes should be provided to Contractor Scenic Area construction team on environmental protection in scenic area; y Workers’ camps should be away from the Nahui river; y Spoils and solid wastes should be collected and stored in a designated site away from the Nahui river and transported out of the site regularly; y Construction site for the recreational camps and sites for bull fighting, etc. should be fenced and minimized to reduce the disturbance on the ground vegetation; Shamu River Impact on surface y Construction activities Contractor National water for the Niejiayan Bridge and the Scenic Area port should be scheduled to concentrate on low flow season; y Construction sites for the underwater works for the Niejiayan Bridge and the port should be dammed to minimize the disturbance of the river sediments; y Construction of the deck of the bridge should be well managed to avoid falloff materials into the river; y The construction solid waste arising from pier construction should be collected and conveyed to designated place for safe disposal in timely manner.

Table 10.5-5 Mitigation Measures Specific for the Sites in Operation Phase Site Impact Mitigation Responsibility Guanlin Impact on fossil y Enhance Management of

113 National resource environmental awareness by Guanlin National Geo-Park posting signs and provie training Geo-Park to tour guides; y Control the number of tourists to the core area; y Education programes should be provided to the tourists on the importance of the heritage protection Xingyi Impact on fossil y Enhance Management of National resource environmental awareness by Xingyi National Geo- Geo-Park posting signs and provide Park training to tour guides; y Education programes should be provided to the tourists on the importance of the heritage protection Wanfenglin Impact of y Wastewater and solid Management of the National wastewater and waste collection system should Wanfenglin national Scenic Area solid waste be provided in each of the Scenic Area recreational camp; y Treated effluent from the WWT facilities should be reused for grassland or forest irrigation which are remote from surface waters or important groundwater aquifers.

Impact on eco- system y Boundary of each camp should be clearly indicated in posts; y Enhance environmental awareness by posting signs and provie training Health risk to tour guides;

Sludge y The visitors should be management banned from entering into the area applied with treated effluent with posting warnings.

y Excess sludge from the WWT facility should be transported to the landfill in the county for landfill. Shamu River Impact on eco- y Enhance Management of the National system environmental awareness by Shamu River National Scenic Area posting signs and provie training Scenic Area

114 to tour guides;

Impact on water environment y Treated effluent from the WWT facilities should be reused for grassland or forest irrigation which are remote from surface waters or important groundwater aquifers. Health risk

y The visitors should be banned from the area applied with treated effluent with posting warnings. Excess sludge from the WWT facility should be transported to the landfill in the county for landfill.

10.6 Environment Monitoring Plan

10.6.1 Objective

The environmental monitoring will take place both in the construction and operation phases for the purpose of timely and comprehensive understanding of the change of environmental quality, the impact scope and trend in operation phase, and timely reporting to the environmental administration as a scientific basis for environmental management.

10.6.2 Monitoring Institution

The environmental monitoring in construction and operation phase should be carried out by the environmental monitoring stations in the project area which should be the certified national environmental monitoring units with sufficient equipment and technology to fulfill the environmental monitoring. The management units of the sub-projects can contract with local environmental monitoring stations for the routine environmental monitoring and the cost will be included in the operation and management budget.

10.6.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring plans have been developed for each type of constructed works for both the construction and operation phases. Following metrix is the summary of the type of works contained in each project site, which can be used to implement the respective monitoring plan.

115 Table 10.6-1 Metrix of Works in Each Site Type of Works uanlin National Geopark Geopark National uanlin hamu RiverNational Scenic Tianlong Fortress Fortress Tianlong Biasha Village inCongjiang Natural and Cultural Guizhou Jiuzhou Fortress Buyi Nachan Congjiang in Dong Duliujiang MuManual Ancient Shiqiao JiuzhouAncient Town in Jianhe in Miao Yangasha Longli Ancient Castle in Balahe Miao in Kaili County Balahe Miao Xijiangand Miao Xijiang Miao in Leishan in Liping Dong Zhaoxing Sanbao VillageDong in in Taijiang Miao Shidong Tianzhu in Dong Sanmentang G Geopark National Xingyi Scenic National Wanfenglin S County Protection Center County COunty Danzai in Paper-making County Huangping County Jinping County in Leishan County County County Rongjiang County County County Area Area Solid waste collection and 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 transfer Wastewater collection and 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 treatment facility Parking lot 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Public toilet 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Pathway 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 River course 9 9 9 9 regulation/dredging/bridge construction Public buiding construction 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

For each type of the construction works listed in Table 9.6-1, the environmental monitoring plan has been developed in table 10.6-2 below.

Table 10.6-2 General Environmental Monitoring Plan Type of Works Aspects Monitoring Timing and Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Locations Frequency Construction Phase Solid waste collection and Air TSP On site of storage tanks, Twice transfer roadsides, etc. Noise Leq(A) On site of storage tanks, Twice roadsides, etc. Wastewater collection and Air TSP On respective construction sites Twice treatment facility Noise Leq(A) On respective construction sites Twice Parking lot Air TSP On respective construction sites Twice Noise Leq(A) On respective construction sites Twice

116 Public toilet Air TSP On respective construction sites Twice Noise Leq(A) On respective construction sites Twice Pathway Air TSP Roadside Twice Noise Leq(A) Roadside Twice River course Water SS Location of dredging Twice regulation/dredging/bridge works/bridge construction site construction Public buiding construction Air TSP, PM10, NOx Location of construction site, Twice and roadside Noise Leq(A) Location of construction site, Twice and roadside Operation Phase Wastewater collection and Water environemnt CODcr, BOD5, SS, NH3-N Inlet and outlet of the treatment Quaterly treatment facility facility Parking lot Air NOx, HC Boundary of parking lot Quaterly Noise Leq(A) Boundary of parking lot Quaterly

117 10.7 Monitoring Reporting System

Two levels of reporting will be followed:

• Annual Reporting on progress in implementation against the measures and commitments set out in this EMP, by the Provincial PMO, reporting to PLG and the World Bank; • Detailed Quarterly reporting on the implementation of the individual policies and plans that are part of the EMP, by site managers, to the Municipal PMO and relevant government agencies (eg. reporting on Health and Safety to the Safe Manufacture Supervision Bureau), and in turn to the Povincial PMO.

Provincial PMO reporting will include:

• A description of progress against the schedule of construction; • Analysis of the environmental monitoring data submitted by the local environmental monitoring units; • Analysis of any evidence for the strategic environmental impacts; • Progress in the implementation of training plans; • If there are public complaints, the substance of the complaints, and recommended solutions to achieve public satisfaction; • Description of any additional investments at new sites, and the environmental impacts assessment procedures that have been taken during preparation of the new investments; • Updates to the EMP and plans for its implementation over the following year.

The Monitoring Report will describe progress in detail against the measures set out in the individual plans and policies of the site (eg. health and safety policy, construction management plans, site waste management plans etc), in addition to the monitoring indicators set out in Table 10.6-2. Reports will be submitted to the local EPB and the Provincial PMO.

10.8 Environmental Monitoring and Acceptance report of Components

According to the Management of Environmental Protection in Construction Projects for Check & Accept Completed Project (the State Environmental Protection Administration, 2001), the sub-projects should prepare the environmental protection acceptance report within three months after completion. This report should focus on identifying whether the project has met the environmental requirement in the operation phase. The report should be submitted to the provincial environmental protection agency for review and approval. The implementation unit should try to solve the problem immediately, if the project does not meet the relevant requirement.

118 10.9 Cost Estimation

The cost will be included in the total investment and operation costs, the cost estimations for the implementation are listed in Table 10.9-1.

Table 10.9-1 The Budget for the EMP Environmental Training Subtotal Construction site management and () () monitoring () Tianlong Tunpu cultural heritage 18,000 40,000 58,000 protection Jiuzhou Tunpu cultural heritage 18,000 50,000 68,000 protection Guanling national geological park 18,000 40,000 58,000 heritage protection Biasha village cultural heritage 18,000 40,000 58,000 protection Duliujiang Dong cultural heritage 14,000 50,000 64,000 protection Danzai Miao cultural heritage 10,000 40,000 50,000 protection Jiuzhou ancient city heritage 16,000 40,000 56,000 protection Yangasha national cultural region 14,000 40,000 54,000 heritage protection Longli ancient city heritage 14,000 50,000 64,000 protection Bala river Miao cultural heritage 14,000 40,000 54,000 protection in Kaili region Bala river Miao cultural heritage protection in Kaili region in Leishan 14,000 40,000 54,000 region Xijiang Miao cultural heritage 10,000 50,000 60,000 protection Zhaoxing Dong cultural heritage 14,000 50,000 64,000 protection Chejiang Sanbao village cultural 14,000 50,000 64,000 heritage protection Shamu river cultural and natural 14,000 40,000 54,000 heritage protection Shidong cultural heritage protection 14,000 40,000 54,000 Sanmentang cultural heritage 14,000 40,000 54,000 protection Xingyi national geological park and Dingxiao Guizhou dragon heritage 12,000 40,000 52,000 protection Wanfenglin scenic cultural and 18,000 40,000 58,000 natural heritage protection Nachan Buyi cultural and natural 14,000 50,000 64,000 heritage protection Guizhou cultural and natural heritage 6,000 10,000 16,000 protection and development center summation 298,000 890,000 1,178,000

The detailed implement scheme and budget of EMP are listed in the annex table 4.

119 120