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A Selected Bibliography of Invertebrate Sex Ratio Data

by D. J. Wild ish

FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE SERVICE DES PECHES ET DES SCIENCES DE LA MER TECHNICAL REPORT No. RAPPORT TECHNIQUE N° 630 1976 Environment Envlronnement 1+ Canada Canada Fisheries Service des peches and Manne et des sciences Service de la mer Technical Reports

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A Selected Bibliography of Invertebrate Sex Ratio Data

by D. J. Wildish

This is the ninety-third Ceci est Ie quatre-vingt treiziaoo Technical Report fran the Rapport Technique de la Direction de la Research and Developnent Directorate Recherche et oeveloppanent Biological Station Station biologique St. Andrews, N.B. St-Andrews, N.-B.

1976 ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank my wife Ann for abstracting help, the library staff for obtaining interlibrary loan copies of some of the references, Terry Parker and Brenda McCullough for typing the manuscript. iii

ABSTRACT

Wildish, D. J. 1976. A selected bibliography of invertebrate sex ratio data. Fish. Mar. Servo Res. Dev. Tech. Rep. 630: 37 p.

A selected bibliography of invertebrate sex ratio data is presented. Most of the source material appeared in 1960-1969 although later references are included where they concern functions of biased sex ratio in populations.

RESUME

Wildish, D. J. 1976. A selected bibliography of invertebrate sex ratio data. Fish. Mar. Servo Res. Dev. Tech. Rep. 630: 37 p.

L'auteur pr~sente une bibliographie choisie traitant du rapport des proportions des sexes chez les invertebres. La plupart des elements de cette bibliographie ont ete publi~s entre 1960 et 1969 bien qu'on en ait inclus d'autres, plus r~cents, traitant des effets de la disproportion entre le nombre de males et le nombre de femelles dans les populations. -1-

INTRODUCTION

Records of tertiary sex ratio data for gonochristic plant and populations in natural and experimental conditions are many and widely scattered throughout the scientific literature. The bibliography presented here represents only a fraction of this work, limited to inverte­ brates appearing in Zoological Record for the years 1960-1969. The references from this source include male:female equal as well as biased sex ratio data records.

In addition, further references from a variety of sources bearing on the fundamental reasons for biased sex ratios in populations of invertebrate are included. Although the hypotheses regarding this subject seem, at first sight, to conflict with each other, I believe that the apparent anomalies can be resolved and a consistent thesis presented that explains why biased sex ratio populations of invertebrates occur.

The purpose of this bibliography and the accompanying review (Wildish, 1976) is to stimulate an experimental interest in the subject. Sex ratio, besides being an important factor in population biology, may have practical applications in, for example, fisheries stock and recruitment models designed to predict effects of fishing and pollution, and in environmental control of sex in intensive culture of invertebrates.

The numbered references are arranged alphabetically and are cross-referenced by subject to facilitate their use. Headings include taxa to which sex ratio data apply, and a general category including references to hypotheses concerning sex ratio function in populations.

SUBJECT INDEX

General - 5, 16, 24, 25, 30, 34, 37, 39 , 52, 57, 59, 60, 61, 69, 71, 75, 76, 82, 94, 95, 96. 98, 102, 103, 109, Ill, 112, 113, 114, 115, 125, 141, 1 42 , 143, 146, 147, 148, 150, 153, 154, 178, 179, 186, 191, 205, 206, 218, 221, 222, 224, 230, 239, 243, 264, 269, 271, 280, 281, 286, 290, 309, 330, 331, 336, 337, 344, 352, 365, 368, 377, 383,386,388,392,393,397,399. .

Polychaeta - 17, 270, 398.

Archiannelida - 226.

Nematoda - 66, 83, 100, 197, 215, 288, 312.

Nemathelminthes - 279. -2-

Insecta - 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 21, 30, 31, 33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 48, 49, 50, 62, 63, 81, 84, 88, 95, 99, 104, 105, 106, 110, Ill, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 123, 131, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 174, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 200, 202, 203, 204, 209, 210, 211, 212, 219, 220, 225, 227, 228, 231, 235, 237, 238, 249, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 261, 263, 265, 266, 267, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 281, 282, 283, 285, 290, 294, 295, 297, 299, 300, 305, 307, 308, 310, 311, 313, 314, 322, 323, 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 342, 346, 348, 349, 350, 356, 357, 358, 362, 366, 367, 369, 370, 373, 376, 377, 379, 382, 384, 385, 387, 388, 389, 394, 395, 396, 402, 403, 404.

Crustacea - 4, 10, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 35, 44, 45, 46, 47, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 64, 67, 68, 72, 74, 77, 78, 79, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 108, 117, 118, 124, 126, 127, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 139, 160, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 177, 182, 183, 184, 193, 194, 198, 201, 207, 216, 217, 229, 233, 234, 236, 240, 244, 246, 250, 251, 268, 277, 278, 289, 291, 292,293,296,301,302,303,306,321,325,333,334, 338, 340, 341, 343, 347, 353, 354, 355, 359, 360, 361, 363, 364, 371, 372, 374, 375, 380, 386, 390, 391, 392, 400.

Arachnida - 27,28,36,80,99,101,167,241,247,248,276, 287, 319, 320, 332, 335, 345, 351, 381, 401.

Mollusca - 9, 32, 51, 65, 69, 70, 93, 107, 119, 123, 129, 156, 175, 195, 196, 213, 214, 223, 232, 245, 252, 257, 259,260,262,270,284,298,304,315,316,317,318, 327, 339.

Echinodermata - 42, 89, 138, 155, 199, 242. -3-

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2. AHMAD, N-ud-D. 1966. Ecology of the house-fly (Musca domestica Linn.). Pakist. J. Sci. 18: 98-100.

3. AlLAM, G., and R. GALUN. 1967. Optimal sex ratio for the control of insects by the sterility method. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 60: 41-43.

4. AKITA, M. 1966. Life history of Triops longicaudatus (Le Conte) in Japan. I. Sex ratio and mode of reproduction. Zool. Mag. Tokyo 75: 178-182. (In Japanese with English summary).

5. ALTENBERG, E. 1934. A theory of hermaphroditism. Amer. Nat. 68: 08-91.

6. ALTENKIRCH, W. 1966. Zum Vorkommen von Tortrix viridana L. in Portugal. Z. angew. Zool. 53: 403-415.

7. ANDERS, A., and F. ANDERS. 1960. Monogenie bei Sminthurides aquaticus Bourl. (Collembola). Verh. dtsch. zool. Ges., Leipzig Zool. Anz. Suppl. 23: 81-91.

8. ANDERSEN, F. S. 1961. Effect of density on animal sex ratio. Oikos, Copenhagen 12: 1-16.

9. ANSELL, A. D. 1961. Reproduction, growth and mortality of Venus striatula (Da Costa) in Kames Bay, Millport. J. mar. bioI. Ass. U.K. 41: 191-215.

10. ANTEZANA, T., E. FAGETTI, and M. T. LOPEZ. 1965. Observacciones bioecologicas en decapodos comunes de Valpariso. Revta BioI. Mar. 12: 1-60. (English summary).

11. ASHRAF, M., and A. A. BERRYMAN. 1969. Biology of Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) attacking Abies grandis in northern Idaho. Melanderia 2: 1-23.

12. ATALLAH, Y. H. 1967. Ecological and nutritional studies on Coleomegilla maculata De Geer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 2. The effects of different popu­ lation densities and sex ratios on oviposition. J. econ. Ent. 59 1966: 1179-1180. -4-

13. AVIDOV, Z., Y. ROSSLER, and D. ROSEN. 1967. Studies on an Israel strain of Aragyrus pseudococci (Girault) [Hym., Encyrtidae]. 11. [French summary]. Some biological aspects. Entomophaga 12: 111-118.

14. AZAB, A. K., and M. F. S. TAWFIK. 1969. Studies on the biology of Microbracon kirkpatricki Wilk., in Egypt (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bull. Soc. ent. Egypte 52: 251-271. 15. AZAB, A. K., M. F. S. TAWFIK, and K. T. AWADALLAH. 1969. Morphology of the early stages of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull. Soc. ent. Egypte 51: 457-467.

16. BACCI, G. 1965a. Sex determination. Pergammon Press, Oxford. 306 p.

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19. BALizs, B. K. 1967. Data on the habits of Orgyia antiqua L. (Lep., Lymantriidae). Folia ent. hung. 20: 201-212. [In Hungarian, English summary]. 20. BALESDENT, M.-L. 1965. Recherches sur la sexua1ite et Ie determinisme des caracteres sexuels d'AseZZus aquaticus Linne. (Crustace Isopode). Bull. Acad. Soc. lorr. Sci. 5(2): 1-231. 21. BANTA, A. M., and L. A. BROWN. 1929. Control of sex in Cladocera. IV. Relation between the rate of the mother's development and the sex of her young. physiol. Zool. 2: 302-308.

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28. BEAVER, R. A. 1967. Notes on the biology of the parasitic Pyemotes scolyti Oud. (: Pyemotidae). Entomologist 100: 9-12.

29. BECKER-CARUS, C. 1967. Die Bedeutung der Tageslange fur die ausbilding des Geschlechts bei Armadillidium vulgare (Isopoda). (Experimentelle Verschiebung des Geschlechtsverhaltnisses) . Crustaceana 13: 137-150. [English summary].

30. BENNETT, J. H. 1962. Population genetics of "sex-ratio" (SR) in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Heredity, London 17: 525-531.

31. BENTON, A. H., and D. L. KELLY. 1969. Notes on the biology of Ctenophthalmus p. pseudagyrtes Baker in the north­ east (Siphonaptera: Hystrichopsyllidae). J. N.Y. Entom. Soc. 77: 70-74.

32. BERNARD, F. R. 1967. Studies on the biology of the naticid clam drill Polinices lewisi (Gould) (Gastropoda Prosobranchiata) . Tech. Rep. Fish. Board Can. No. 42: 1-41.

33. BETTINI, S., G. MAJORI, E. FINIZIO, and G. PIERDOMINICI. 1969. Ricerche sui Ceratopogonidi nel Grossetano: Nota 1. Identificazione dei focolai di Leptoconops irritans Noe, 1907. Riv. Parassi t. 30: 227-238. [English summary].

34. BIRCH, L. C. 1965. Selection in Drosophila pseudoobscura in relation to crowding. Evolution 9: 389-399. -6-

35. BJORNBERG, T. K. S. 1969. 0 sex-ra .; io de alguns copepodes planctonicos ao largo da America do SuI. eienc. Cult., S. Paulo 21: 465.

36. BLOWER, J. G., and C. P. FAIRHURST. 1968. Notes on the life-history and ecology of Tachypodoiulus niger (Diplopoda, Iulidae) in Britain. J. Zool., Lond. 156: 257-271.

37. BODMER, W. F., and A. W. F. EDWARDS. 1960. Natural selection in the sex ratio. Ann. Human Genet. 24: 239-244.

38. BOPARAI, J. S. 1968. Observation on the sex ratio in Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Res. Bull. Panjab Univ. Sci. NS19: 251-252.

39. BORISOV, A. I. 1970. Disturbances of panmixia in natural populations of Drosophila funebris, polymorphism by the inversion II-I. Genetika 6(5): p. 42.

40. BOTTRELL, D. G. 1968. Sex ratio in pupae of the yellow­ striped armYworm. J. econ. Ent. 61: 1470-1471. 41. BOWEN, W. R., and V. M. STERN. 1966. Effect of temperature on the production of males and sexual mosaics in a uniparental race of Trichogramma semifumatum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 59: 823-834.

42. BROOKBANK, J. W. 1968. Spawning season and sex ratio of echinoids. Q. J. Fla. Acad. Sci. 30: 177-183. 43. BROWN, S. W., and G. DeLOTTO. 1959. Cytology and sex ratios of an African of armored scale insect (Coccoidea-Diaspididae). Am. Nat., Lancaster, Pa 93: 369-379.

44. BRUSCA, G. J. 1967. The ecology of pelagic Amphipoda, 2. Observations on the reproductive cycles of several pelagic amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacif. Sci. 21: 449-456.

45. BULNHEIM, H. -Po 1966. Photoperiodische Beeinflussung des Geschlechtsverhaltnisses bei Gammarus duebeni (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Naturwissenschaften 53: 709.

46. BULNHEIM, H. -Po 1969. Zur Analyse geschlechtsbestimmender Faktoren bei Gammarus duebeni (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Verh. dt. zool. Ges. 32: 244-260. -7-

47. BURBANCK, M. P., and W. D. BURBAN~K. 1974. Sex reversal of female Cyathura polita (Stimpson 1855) (Isopoda, Anthuridae). Crustaceana 26: 110-112.

48. BUSCHINGER, A. 1968. Morto- und polygynie bei Arten der Gattung Leptothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes soc. 15: 217-225. [English summary].

49. BUXTON, P. A. 1937. The number of males and females in natural populations of head-lice (Pediculus: Anoplura). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A)12: 12-14.

50. BYTINSKI-SALZ, H. 1963. Geographical variation and sex­ ratio in Leucospis gigas (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Acta ent. Mus. nat. Pragae 35: 527-530.

51. CAHOUR, A., and A. LUCAS. 1968. Sex ratio et hermaphro­ disme accidental chez barbatus (L.), Mollusque Bivalve. C. r. Seance Soc. BioI. 162: 221-224.

52. CAMPOS ROSADO, J. M., and A. ROBERTSON. 1966. The genetic control of sex ratio. J. Theoret. BioI. 13: 324-329.

53. CARTER, J. C. H. 1969. Life cycles of Limnocalanus macrurus and Seneaella aalanoides, and seasonal abundance and vertical distributions of various planktonic copepods in Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26: 2543-2560.

54. CATTLEY, J. G. 1948. Sex reversal in copepods. Nature, London 161: 937. 55. CHAMPEAU, A. 1966. Contribution a l'etude ecologique de la faune des eaux temporaires de la haute Camargue. Archs Oceanogr. Limnol. 14: 309-357.

56. CHAPMAN, A. 1969. The bionomics of Diaptomus gracillis Sars (Copepoda, Calanoida) in Loch Lomond, Scotland. J. Anim. Ecol. 38: 257-284. 57. CHARLESWORTH, B. 1971. Selection in density-regulated populations. Ecology 52: 469-474.

58. CHARNIAUX-COTTON, H. 1957. Croissance, regeneration et determinisme endocrinien des caracteres sexuels d'Orahestia gammarella (Pallas) Crustace Amphipode. Ann. Sci. nat. (Zool.) 19: 411-560.

59. CHARNIAUX-COTTON, H. 1960. Sex determination. In "The Physiology of Crustacea," 1: 411-447. New York and London. Academic Press. -8-

60. CHARNIAUX-COTTON, H. 1963. La gonade de Pandalus borealis, crevette a hermaphrodisme protandrique fonctionnel. Bull. Soc. Zool. France 88: 350-351.

61. CHARNIAUX-COTTON, H. 1967. Endocrinologie et genetique de la differenciation sexuelle chez les Invertebres. C. r. S~anc. Soc. BioI. 161: 6-9.

62. CHAUHAN, N. S. 1967. On the abnormal celled female lac insect. Indian J. Ent. 29: 395-396.

63. CHENG, C. H. 1967. An observation on ecology of Stephani tis typica Distant (Hemiptera, Tingidae) on banana. J. Taiwan agric. Res. 16: 54-69. [In English, Chinese summary].

64. CHEUNG, T. S. 1964. Contributions to the knowledge of the life history of Metapenaeus ensis and other economic species of penaeid prawns in Hong Kong. J. appl. Ecol. 1(2): 369-386.

65. CHOQUET, M. 1966. Biologie de Patella vulgata L. dans Ie Boulonnais. Cah. BioI. mar. 7: 1-22. [English and German summaries] •

66. CHUANG, S. H. 1962. The sex ratio in cultures of Rhabditis teres (A. Schneider). Nematologica 8: 25-28.

67. CLERET, J.-J. 1966a. Etude d'un facteur polygynique chez Jaera albifrons Leach. (Crustacea, Isopoda). Bull. Soc. linn. Normandie 10 (7) [1967]: 161-169. [English and German summaries].

68. CLERET, J.-J. 1966b. Le rapport numerique des sexes dans quelques populations naturelles de Jaera albifrons Leach. Bull. Soc. linn. Normandie 10 (7) [1967]: 155-161. [English and German summaries].

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71. COLE, La Mont C. 1957. Sketches of general and comparative demography. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. quant. BioI. 22: 1-15. -9-

72. CONOVER, R. J. 1965. Notes on th~ molting cycle, develop­ ment of sexual characters and sex ratio in Calanus hyperboreus. Crustaceana 8(3): 307-320.

73. COUNCE, S. J., and D. F. POULSON. 1966. The expression of maternally-transmitted sex ratio condition (SR) in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica 37: 364-390.

74. COUTURE, R. 1965. Reproduction de Pandalus montagui Leach au large de Grande-Riviere. Rapp. Stn. BioI. mar. Grande-Riviere: 61-71.

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78. CULVER, D. C., and HOLSINGER, J. R. 1969. Preliminary observations on sex ratios in the subterranean amphipod genus Stygonectes (Gammaridae). Am. MidI. Nat. 82: 631-633.

79. DaCOSTA, R. S. 1968. Estudo preliminar sabre a biologia e a pesca do caranguejo Carpilius corallinus (Herbst), no estado do Cear~. Archos Est. BioI. mar. Univ. Ceara. 8: 211-219. [English summary]. 80. DARCHEN, R. 1967. Une nouvelle araignee sociale du Gabon: Agelena republicana Darchen (Araneide Labidognathe). Biologia gabon. 3: 31-42.

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90. DEXTER, R. W. 1965. Notes on size, sex ratio, and symmetry in the American lobster. Turtox News 43: 146-148.

91. DORNHEIM, H. 1969. Beitrage zur Biologie der Garnele Crangon crangon (L.) in der Kieler Bucht. Ber. dt. wiss. Kommn Meeresforsch. 20: 179-215. [English, French and Spanish summaries].

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96. ZDWARDS, A. W. F. 1970. The search for genetic variability of the sex ratio. J. Biosoc. Sci., Supple 2: 55-60.

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98. EGLOFF, D. A. 1967. Ecological aspects of sex ratio and reproduction in experimental and field populations of the marine copepod Tigriopus aaliforniauB_ Diss. Abstr. 27B: 4600.

99. EL BADRY, E. A., and E. M. ELBENHAWY. 1968. Studies on the mating behaviour of the predaceous mite gossipi (Acarina: Phytoseiidae). Entomophaga 13: 159-162.

100. ELLENBY, C. 1954. Environmental determination of the sex ratio of a plant parasitic nematode. Nature, Lond. 174: 1016-1017. 101. EMERIT, M. 1968. Contribution a l'etude de la biologie et du developpement de l'araignee tropicale Gastera­ aantha versiaolor (Walck.) (Argiopidae). Note preliminaire. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr. 93: 49-68.

102. EMLEN, J. M. 1968a. A note on natural selection and the sex ratio. Am. Nat. 102: 94-95.

103. EMLEN, J. M. 1968b. Selection for the sex ratio. Am. Nat. 102: 589-591.

104. EMMEL, T. C. 1972. Mate selection and balanced poly­ morphism in the tropical nymphalid butterfly, Anartia fatima. Evolution 26: 96-107.

105. FAULHABER, S. H. 1967. An abnormal sex ratio in . Genetics, Princeton 56: 189-213, 3 pIs.

106. FEINBERG, E. H., and D. PIMENTEL. 1966. Evolution of increased "female sex ratio" in the blowfly (Phaeniaa seriaata) under laboratory competition with the house­ fly (Musaa domestiaa). Am. Nat. 100: 235-244.

107. FIELDS, W. G. 1965. The structure, development, food relations, reproduction, and life history of the squid Liligo opalesaens Berry. Fish. Bull. Calif. No. 131: 1-108. -12-

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