Appendices to Proof of Evidence JG2
of
James Griffiths, Vanguardia Consulting
Town & Country Planning Act 1990, Section 78
Appeal by Arsenal Football Club
Emirates Stadium – Music Concerts
Appeal Reference: APP/V5570/A/13/2202521
LPA Reference: P2013/0392/S73RC
October 2013
Contents
Appendix 1: Experience at Concerts
Appendix 2: Noise Contour Map for concerts at Emirates
Appendix 3: Distances from Music Venues to nearest existing noise sensitive receivers
Appendix 4: Vanguardia Acoustic Report
Proof of Evidence is in a separate document ref:- JG1 - VC-101211-EN-PROOF-JG-0001-02
Executive Summary in document ref:- JG3 – VC101211-EN-EXECUTIVE-JG-0001-00
Vanguardia Consulting Document Control
Document Title: Appendices of Proof of Evidence Revision: 02
Project Number: VC/101211 Date: October 2013
Document JG2 - VC-101211-EN-APPENDIX-JG- Author: Jim Griffiths Reference: 0001-02
Status: Final Checked: Anne Thompson
Issued To: Savills Passed: Deni Butterfield
Issue Notes: Final issue for onward distribution
Professional Associations: Institute of Acoustics The Association of Noise Consultants The Audio Engineering Society Institute of Engineering and Technology
Vanguardia Consulting London Office: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Head Office: 21 Station Road West, Oxted, Surrey, RH8 9EE Tel: + 44 (0) 207 922 8861 Fax: + 44 (0) 8700 516 19
File Ref. JG2 - VC-101211-EN-APPENDIX-JG-0001-02
Appendix 1 Experience at Concerts since 2006
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October 2013
2006 Events
Who Where
Download Castle Donnington
Foo Fighters Hyde Park
Wireless Hyde Park
Kenwood London
Classic Rock Hyde Park
Godiva Coventry
Lovebox Victoria Park
Middlesex 7's Twickenham
Creamfields Warrington
Princes Street Edinburgh
2007 Events
Who Where
Download Festival Donnington
Wireless Festival Hyde Park
Hyde Park Calling Hyde Park
Cornbury Music Festival Oxfordshire
Tower Festival London
Godiva Festival Coventry
Lovebox Victoria Park
Big Chill Herefordshire
V Festival Chelmsford & Telford
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2008 Events
Who Where
Download Festival Donnington
Mandela Concert Hyde park
Eric Clapton Hyde Park
Jack Johnson Hyde Park
Jay Z Hyde Park
Morrissey Hyde Park
Fatboy Slim Hyde Park
Counting Crows Hyde Park
Glade Festival Reading
Global Festival Stratford upon Avon
Underage Victoria Park London
Field Day Victoria Park London
V Festival Telford Telford
V Festival Chelmsford Chelmsford
Reading Festival Reading
Creamfields Liverpool
2009 Events
Who Where
Download Festival Castle Donnington
Hard Rock Calling Hyde Park
Serpentine Sessions Hyde Park
Blur/ O2 Hyde Park
Hop Farm Paddock Wood
Godiva Festival Coventry
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2009 Events
Who Where
Madstock/Lovebox Victoria Park
Global Gathering Stratford upon Avon
Tiesto Victoria Park
Field Day Victoria Park Victoria Park
Underage Victoria Park Victoria Park
Big Chill Eastnor
V Chelmsford Chelmsford
V Telford Telford
Reading Festival Reading
Creamfields Liverpool
Festhino Suffolk
Bestival Isle of White
Kenwood Concerts London
2010 Events
Who Where
Radio One Big Weekend Bangor
Sunset Festival Wales
Download Festival Castle Donnington
Hard Rock Calling Hyde Park
Serpentine Sessions Hyde Park
Kings of Leon Hyde Park
Serpentine Hyde Park
Hop Farm Paddock Wood
Hyde Park Wireless Hyde Park
Haigh Fest Wigan
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2010 Events
Who Where
Strawberry Hill Music Day London
Summer Swing London
Cocoon in the Park Leeds
Lovebox Victoria Park
Kenwood London
Strawberry Fields Twickenham London
Greenwich Festival London
High Voltage Victoria Park
Sonisphere Knebworth
Global Gathering Stratford upon Avon
Field Day Victoria Park Victoria Park
Kendall Calling Penrith
Underage Victoria Park Victoria Park
Cornbury Music Festival Oxfordshire
Leefest Biggin Hill
V Chelmsford Chelmsford
V Telford Telford
Reading Festival Reading
London Electronic Dance Victoria Park
Creamfields Warrington
Festhino Suffolk
Blissfields Festival Hampshire
Plattfields Manchester
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October 2013
2011 Events
Who Where
Brit Awards 2011 O2
Radio One Big Weekend Carlisle
Kings of Leon Coventry
Take That Sunderland
Take That Manchester
Walk of Life
Platt Fields Manchester Manchester
Isle of Wight Festival Isle of Wight
Download Festival Donnington
London Electronic Dance Victoria Park
Capital Radio Summerime Ball Wembley Stadium
Donnington Racing Day Castle Donnington
Kings of Leon Sunderland
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
Kings of Leon LCCC
Take That Hampden Park
Kings of Leon Hyde Park
Kenwood London
Bon Jovi LCCC
Elton John Northampton
Hard Rock Calling Hyde Park
Elton John Brighton
Elton John Bristol
Take That Aston Villa
Bon Jovi RDS
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2011 Events
Who Where
Arcade Fire Hyde Park
Take That Wembley Stadium
Blissfields Manchester
Hyde Park Wireless Hyde Park
Godiva Festival Coventry
Neil Diamond Hampden Park
Kenwood London
Hop Farm Paddock Wood
Foo Fighters Milton Keynes Bowl
Kew Summer Swing Kew Gardens
Kenwood London
Cocoon in the Park Leeds
Kew Summer Swing Kew Gardens
Audley End Saffron Waldon
Sonisphere Knebworth
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
Lovebox Victoria Park
Legoland Live 2011 Windsor
Sandown Park Racecourse Sandown Park
High Voltage Victoria Park
Ben & Jerrys Festival
Greenwich SummerSessions Greenwich Park
Global Gathering Stratford upon Avon
Kendall Calling Penrith
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October 2013
2011 Events Who Where
Mercedes Benz World Weybridge
Underage & Field Day Victoria Park
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
Leefest Biggin Hill
Wilderness Festival Cornbury
Olympic Basketball Test Events 2012 Olympic Site
V Chelmsford Chelmsford
V Telford Telford
Olympic BMX Test Events 2012 Olympic Site
Reading Festival Reading
Bestival Isle of Wight
Clapham Common Clapham Park London
Freeze Festival Battersea Power Station
Happy Days Festival Crawley
Harvest 2011 Jimmys Farm Ipswich
Alex James Presents Oxfordshire
Beyonce at Battersea Power Station Battersea Power Station
Spitalfields Market Event Spitalfields Market
Here and Now Concert Ascot Racecourse
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2012 Events
Who Where
Sony Event Battersea Power Station Battersea Power Station
Carphone Warehouse Event Battersea Battersea Power Station
IRB 7's Twickenham
Walk for Life Battersea Power Station
Concert at The Kings All Canings, Wiltshire
Coldplay Ricoh Coventry
Alexandra Palace Events Alexandra Palace
Fatboy Slim Brighton Amex Stadium
Coldplay Emirates London
Field Day & Apple Cart Victoria Park
Happy Days Festival East Molesey Surrey
Sainsburys Diamond Jubilee Celebrations Hyde Park
Buckingham Palace Event Buckingham Palace
Elton John Taunton Somerset
Madonna Yas Island Abu Dhabi
Elton John Harrogate
Coldplay Sunderland Stadium of Light
Download Castle Donningon
Capital Radio Summertime Ball Wembley Stadium
Elton John Chesterfield
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
Platt Fields Manchester
Coldplay Manchester Etihad Stadium
Elton John Falkirk
Trafalgar Event Battersea Power Station
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October 2013
2012 Events
Who Where
Bruce Springsten Sunderland Stadium of Light
Lovebox Victoria Park
Adnams Event Newmarket
Bruce Springsten Manchester Etihad Stadium
Isle of Wight Festival Isle of Wight
Red Hot Chilli Peppers Knebworth
Jodrell Bank Manchester
Red Hot Chilli Peppers Sunderland Stadium of Light
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
LeeFest Biggin Hill
Hop Farm Paddock Wood
Stone Roses Heaton Park Manchester
Blissfields Manchester
Doncaster Racecourse Event Doncaster Racecourse
Kew the Music Kew
Kew the Music Kew
Wireless Festival Hyde Park
Cocoon In the Park Leeds
Bollywood Style Hyde Park
Hit Factory Live Hyde Park
Hard Rock Calling Hyde Park
Vintage Broughton House
Swedish House Mafia Milton Keynes Bowl
Madonna Hyde Park
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2012 Events
Who Where
Bruce Springsten Royal Dublin Society
Sandown Park Event Sandown Park
Adnams Event Newmarket
Sandown Park Event Sandown Park
Olympic Live Sites Hyde Park
Olympic Live Sites Victoria Park
Olympics Olympic Stadium Stratford
Global Gathering Stratford upon Avon
Kendal Calling Penrith
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
Sandown Park Event Sandown Park
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
Wilderness Festival Cornbury
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket
V Festival Telford Telford
V Festival Chelmsford Chelmsford
Reading Festival Reading
Adnams Event Newmarket
Creamfields Liverpool
Paralympics Trafalgar Square London
Bestival Isle of Wight
Lady Gaga Twickenham
Wedding at Battersea Power Station Battersea Power Station
Circo Loco Paddock Wood
Elton John Charity Event Battersea Power Station
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October 2013
2012 Events
Who Where
Freeze Festival Battersea Power Station
Survival of The Fittest Battersea Power Station
Best Parties Ever Battersea Power Station
2013 Events Who Where
Battersea Concert Battersea Power Station
Moonwalk Battersea Battersea Power Station
Donnington Gatecrasher Donnington
Field Day Victoria Park
We Are Festival Upminster
Muse Emirates Arsenal
Concert at the Kings All Cannings
Luton Carnival Luton
Radio One Big Weekend Londonderry
Charity Concert Twickenham RFU Twickenham
Muse Stadium of Light Sunderland
Happy Days Festival East Molesey Surrey
Muse Manchester Etihad
Charity Concert Twickenham RFU Twickenham
WWZ Horseguuards Parade
Night & Day Festival Hatfield House
Paramount Film Event Battersea Power Station
Stone Roses Finsbury Park
Bon Jovi Manchester Etihad
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2013 Events
Who Where
Park Life Manchester
Bon Jovi Birmingham Villa Park
Bon Jovi Cardiff City
Bon Jovi Stadium of Light Sunderland
Mouchel Abseiling Battersea Power Station
Isle of Wight Festival Isle of Wight
Download Donnington
Paul Young Royal Dublin Society
Stone Roses Glasgow Green
Bruce Springsteen Wembley Stadium
Rhianna RFU Twickenham
Robbie Williams Manchester Etihad
Bruce Springsteen Coventry Ricoh
Rhianna Stadium of Light Sunderland
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Robbie Williams Manchester Etihad
Killers Wembley Stadium
Osterley Park Festival Osterley Park
Robbie Williams Hampden Park
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Hard Rock Calling Olympic Park
Rod Stewart Royal Dublin Society
Kiss Beach Yarmouth
Robbie Williams Wembley Stadium
Bon Jovi Glasgow
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October 2013
2013 Events
Who Where
Blissfields Manchester
Hyde Park Concerts Hyde Park
Beat Herder Festival Ribble Valley Lancashire
Mumford & Sons 2013 Olympic Park
Hard Rock Calling Olympic Park
Jodrell Bank Manchester
Kew the Music Kew
Standard Chartered Great City Race City Road, London
Hyde Park Concerts Hyde Park
Wireless Festival Olympic Park
Leefest Biggin Hill
Wakestock North Wales
NASS Somerset
Cocoon in The Park Leeds
Magic Festival Guildford
Red Bull Alexandra Palace
Sandown Park Concert Sandown Park Racecourse
Lovebox Festival Victoria Park
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Join In / Electric Daisy Olympic Park
Sandown Park Concert Sandown Park Racecourse
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Global Gathering Stratford upon Avon
Swindon Town Event Swindon Town FC
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2013 Events
Who Where
Kendall Calling Cumbria
East Olympic Park
Concert at Twickenham RFU Twickenham
Sandown Park Concert Sandown Park Racecourse
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Eastern Electrics Festival Knebworth
Holi One Festival Battersea Power Station
Concert at Olympic Park Olympic Park
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Shergar Cup Concert Ascot Racecource
Boardmasters Newquay
Wilderness Festival Cornbury
Boomtown Festival Winchester
Holi Festival of Colours Battersea Power Station
Kings of Leon Bellahouston Park
Newmarket Summer Nights Newmarket Racecourse
Lollibop 2013 Olympic Park
V Festival Telford Telford
V Festival Chelmsford Chelmsford
Eminem Bellahouston Park
Reading Festival Reading
Kenwood Concerts Kenwood House
Holi One Festival Manchester
Creamfields Liverpool
Liverpool International Music Festival Liverpool
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October 2013
2013 Events
Who Where
Jodrell Bank Manchester
Concert at Olympic Park Olympic Park
Fusion Festival Birmingham
Kenwood Concerts Kenwood House
Bestival Isle of Wight
Electric Eden Appleby, Cumbria
Toni & Guy Event Knebworth
Proms in the Park 2013 Hyde Park
Run to the Beat 2013 London
Festival Number 6 Portmerion
Roger Walters Wembley Stadium
Wedding at BPS Battersea Power Station
Mint Festival Leeds
Escape from Hell BPS Battersea Power Station
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October 2013
Appendix 2: Noise Contour Map for Concerts at Emirates
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Planning Appeal Emirates Stadium
Appendices to Proof of Evidence of James Griffiths
Noise Evidence
October 2013
Appendix 3: Distances from Music Venues to nearest existing noise sensitive receivers
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Appendices to Proof of Evidence of James Griffiths
Noise Evidence
October 2013
3.1 This section of the appendices contains plans showing the distances to the nearest existing noise sensitive receivers from the following venues which are used for live music events in the UK;
a. Emirates Stadium, b. Twickenham Stadium, c. Wembley Stadium, d. Ricoh Stadium, e. Etihad Stadium, f. Lancashire County Cricket Ground, g. Hampden Park h. Olympic Stadium London, i. Sunderland Stadium of Light, j. Millennium Stadium, k. Milton Keynes Bowl, l. Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, m. Hyde Park, n. Victoria Park,
3.2 For the stadium venues, the distances shown are the distance from the edge of the stadium to the nearest existing noise sensitive receiver.
3.3 For park venues, the distances shown are from the event site boundary to the nearest existing noise sensitive receiver. This boundary does vary by the event but is generally in the same region as has been shown on the drawings.
3.4 All distances have been measured using the Google maps measurement tool and therefore are approximate. They are estimated to have an accuracy of +/- 10m.
3.5 A summary of the distances from the edge of the stadium (or edge of the site boundary) to the nearest existing noise sensitive receiver is presented in Figure 1.1.
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Appendices to Proof of Evidence of James Griffiths
Noise Evidence
October 2013
Figure 1.1 Distances to nearest existing noise sensitive receiver
400
350
300
250
200
Distance (m) 150
100
50
0 Hampden Lancashire Millennium Victoria Park Twickenham Etihad Emirates Sunderland Hyde Park Olympic Wembley Ricoh Milton Queen Park County Stadium Stadium Stadium Stadium Stadium of Stadium Stadium Stadium Keynes Bowl Elizabeth Cricket Light Olympic Park Ground
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98 m
116 m
Test
Notes: Project: Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 12/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Emirates Stadium & NSRs Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-001 Rev: 01 Passed: JG TWICKENHAM STADIUM - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVERS
65 m
55 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Twickenham Stadium & NSRs Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-002 Rev: 01 Passed: JG WEMBLEY STADIUM - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
135 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Wembley Stadium & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-003 Rev: 01 Passed: JG RICOH ARENA - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVERS
178 m
186 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Richoh Arena & NSRs Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-004 Rev: 01 Passed: JG ETIHAD STADIUM - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
93m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Etihad Stadium & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-005 Rev: 01 Passed: JG LANCASHIRE COUNTY CRICKET GROUND - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
38 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: LCCG & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-006 Rev: 01 Passed: JG HAMPDEN PARK - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
15 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Hampden Park & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-007 Rev: 01 Passed: JG OLYMPIC STADIUM - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
130 m
Notes: Project: Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 12/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Olympic Stadium & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-008 Rev: 01 Passed: JG SUNDERLAND STADIUM OF LIGHT - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
117 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 11/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Sunderland Stadium & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-009 Rev: 01 Passed: JG MILLENNIUM STADIUM - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVERS
41 m
71 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 17/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Millennium Stadium & NSRs Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-010 Rev: 01 Passed: JG MILTON KEYNES BOWL- NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVERS
314 m
339 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 17/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Milton Keynes Bowl & NSRs Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-011 Rev: 01 Passed: JG QUEEN ELIZABETH OLYMPIC PARK - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
Approximate site boundary 345 m (varies by event)
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 17/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: QEOP & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-012 Rev: 01 Passed: JG HYDE PARK - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
Approximate site boundary (varies by event) 124 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 17/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Hyde Park & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-013 Rev: 01 Passed: JG VICTORIA PARK - NEAREST EXISTING NOISE SENSITIVE RECEIVER
Approximate site boundary (varies by event)
54 m
Notes: Project:Arsenal Emirates Stadium Date: 17/10/13 Drawn: AU
Tel: +44 (0) 2079 228 861 Email: offi [email protected] Description: Victoria Park & NSR Scale: NTS Checked: DB Web: www.vanguardiaconsulting.co.uk Address: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Drawing Reference: VC-101211-EN-DR-014 Rev: 01 Passed: JG Planning Appeal Emirates Stadium
Appendices to Proof of Evidence of James Griffiths
Noise Evidence
October 2013
Appendix 4: Vanguardia Acoustic Report
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Concerts at Emirates Stadium
Acoustic Report
VC-100989-EN-RP-0001-02
Rev 02
November 2011 Arsenal Football Club Emirates Concerts – Acoustic Report November 2011
Contents
1 Introduction ...... 3
2 Licence Conditions ...... 5
3 Site, Environs and Background Noise Survey ...... 8
4 Generator Noise Assessment ...... 11
5 Concert Noise Review ...... 14
6 Noise Management Plan ...... 14
7 Conclusions ...... 20
Appendix A – Glossary of acoustic terms
Vanguardia Consulting Document Control
Document Title: Report Revision: 02 Project Number: VC/100989 Date: November 2011 Document Reference: VC-100989-EN-RP-0001-02 Author: Rob Peirce Status: DRAFT Checked: Jim Griffiths Issued To: Arsenal FC Passed: Jim Griffiths Issue Notes: Second draft with comments from client and Islington Council
Professional Associations: Institute of Acoustics The Association of Noise Consultants The Audio Engineering Society Institute of Engineering and Technology
Vanguardia Consulting London Office: Southbank Technopark, 90 London Road, London, SE1 6LN Head Office: 21 Station Road West, Oxted, Surrey, RH8 9EE Tel: + 44 (0) 207 922 8861 Fax: + 44 (0) 8700 516 196 Arsenal Football Club Emirates Concerts – Acoustic Report November 2011
1 Introduction
1.1 Vanguardia Consulting has been appointed by Arsenal Football Club to assess the noise impact of a proposal for staging up to 3 concerts at the Emirates Stadium in June 2012. The concert dates are 1st and 2nd June 2012 with an option for 4th June as part of the Golden Jubilee celebrations.
1.2 It is anticipated that the doors would open at 4.30pm with an opening act from 5.45 to 6.15pm, support act from 6.30 to 7.30pm and headline act from 8.00 to 10.25 pm with a 10.30pm curfew.
1.3 This acoustic report assesses the impact of the operational noise from these events. The report covers the following:-
Section 2 – Licence conditions
Section 3 – Site, environs and background noise survey
Section 4 – Generator Noise Assessment
Section 5 – Concert Noise review
Section 6 – Noise management plan
1.4 A glossary of acoustic terms is shown in Appendix A.
Consultants’ Experience
1.5 Vanguardia Consulting is an independent acoustic consultancy specialising in the field of sound, noise and acoustics related to entertainment venues. The team of consultants have many years’ experience dealing with some of the largest and most innovative sound and acoustic projects in the UK, including Wembley Stadium, the Millennium Dome, The Millennium Stadium, Wembley Arena and Earls Court.
1.6 The consultants have successfully provided sound management advice, including noise control, at over 1000 concerts during the past 25 years. These concerts have ranged from relatively small scale events at green field sites to major events staged at national stadia providing entertainment for tens of thousands of people.
1.7 The company directors of Vanguardia also sat on the UK Noise Council Working Party which prepared the Code of Practice on Environmental Noise Control at Concerts (1995). They have also managed Government research projects related to sound and noise aspects of the entertainment business.
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1.8 As well as the provision of sound and acoustic design/management for entertainment venues, the company deals with the whole range of acoustic, noise and vibration issues and our staff have presented expert testimony at planning and licensing hearings, magistrates and high courts, Judicial Reviews and House of Commons and House of Lords Select Committees.
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2 Licence Conditions
2.1 The following noise conditions apply to concerts at the Emirates Stadium.
Annex 3 - Conditions attached after a hearing by the licensing authority
1. The applicant shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Council’s Noise Team, give to the Council’s Noise Team and the licensing authority 28 days prior written notice of any Notifiable Event. “Notifiable Event” means any event using amplified music (other than through the in- house PA system):-(a) involving live music, (b) of more than 900 people; and/or (c) other than normal conferences, banquets and exhibitions.
2. The erection of signs within the premises requesting patrons to leave the premises in a quiet and orderly fashion.
3. Unless otherwise agreed with the Responsible Authority for Health and Safety, the licensee shall provide the Responsible Authority for Health and Safety with a minimum of 28 working days notice prior to any licensable event to be held on the podium unless it is likely to attract in excess of 3000 where a minimum of 3 month notice shall be required.
4. The licensee shall provide the Responsible Authority for Health and Safety a minimum of 3 months notice prior to any licensable event to be held within the stadium bowl.
5. The notice shall be accompanied by the health, safety and welfare arrangements, a detailed site plan, a written risk assessment conducted by the licensee, details of all activities for the event.
6. No event shall take place unless the Responsible Authority for Health and Safety has given written consent to the licensee. The licensee shall comply with any requirements attached to the Responsible Authority for Health and Safety written consent.
7. A copy of the Responsible Authority for Health and Safety written consent shall be kept with a copy of the premises licence and licence summary on the premises for the duration of the licensable event.
8. Prior to any live music event being permitted within the Stadium bowl, the applicant shall submit a Noise Management Plan demonstrating compliance with the Noise Council’s Code of Practice on Environmental Noise Control at Concerts (1995) for the approval of the Council’s Noise Team (to be confirmed with written approval).
9. The MNL (Music Noise Level) shall not exceed 75 dB LAeq (15 min) 1 metre from the façade of any noise sensitive premises.
10. Any concert event shall not continue beyond 22.30 hrs.
11. The Premises Licence Holder/Designated Premises Supervisor shall appoint a suitably qualified and experienced noise control consultant to the approval of the Licensing Authority no later than five weeks prior to the event. The noise control consultant shall liaise between all parties including the Premises Licence Holder/Designated Premises Supervisor, Promoter, sound system supplier, sound engineer and the licensing authority etc on all matters relating to noise control, prior to and during the event.
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12. A noise propagation test shall be undertaken at least 4 hours prior to the start of the event in order to set appropriate control limits at the sound mixer position. The sound system shall be configured and operated in a similar manner intended for the event. The sound source used for the test shall be similar in character to the music likely to be produced during the event.
13. If a noise complaint arises from a location greater than 2km from the venue, and the level in the 63 Hz and 125 Hz octave frequency band due to the concert is found to be 80 dB or more (Leq,15 min), this shall be reported to the sound engineer to enable a reduction in sound level as appropriate.
14. The Premises Licence Holder/Designated Premises Supervisor shall be aware of the guidance contained in Code of Practice on Environmental Noise Control at Concerts produced by The Noise Council and make use of its recommendations where appropriate.
15. Information to be provided to local residents prior any concerts will include details of a dedicated noise complaint line, which will be manned throughout the concert.
16. No amplified sounds shall be played through the speakers external to the stadium throughout the setting up, concert and dismantling days, except emergency announcements.
17. No sound checks shall take place other than on the day before the concert and on the day of the concert and no sound rehearsals shall take place except on the day of the concert.
18. On the day before the concert noise propagation and sound checks shall not exceed a total period of 3.5 hours. On the day of the concert rehearsals and sound checks the duration shall not exceed 2 hours of which no more than 1.5 hours shall be sound checks on their own.
19. On the days that they are permitted, no sound checks or rehearsals shall commence before 10.30 hours, and they shall not continue after 19.00 hours.
20. After the termination of any rehearsals and prior to the concert, the sound level measured at a point one metre from the façade of any residential property situated outside the stadium shall not exceed 60 LAeq, 15min.
21. Between the end of a concert and 23.00 hrs the same day, no amplified sounds shall be played within the stadium that would result in noise levels measured at a point one metre from the façade of any residential property situated outside the stadium exceeding 50 LAeq, 15min, other than for emergency announcements.
22. Notices shall be displayed in prominent positions at or near exit(s) requesting patrons to leave quietly and avoid disturbance in the residential area.
23. Prior consent for each event should be sought from the Council’s Noise Team, with full details of any activities that may potentially affect residents in the vicinity of the Podium.
2.2 Following several meetings and a site visit with officers from Islington’s Environmental Health Department, the following permanent monitoring locations have been agreed with the council during the concert to comply with Annex 3, Condition 9.
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32 Whistler Street
82a to 90a Hornsey Road
2.3 In addition, background noise levels were made at these two locations. A further monitoring position was also included for these baseline measurements on the Stadium podium to assess the potential noise from the concert generators likely to be used at this location.
2.4 A site plan showing these monitoring locations is shown in Figure 1 and baseline noise measurements at these locations are provided in section 3 of the report.
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3 Site, Environs and Background Noise Survey
Site and Environs
3.1 Emirates Stadium is situated in north London within the London Borough of Islington. It is surrounded by mixed use properties including residential dwellings, shops and offices.
3.2 There is a busy road network close to the stadium including the A1 which is a major road artery into the city. In addition to this there is a railway line to the north west of the stadium and frequent aircraft passes from Heathrow airport.
3.3 A map showing the stadium and noise monitoring location is shown in Figure 1 at the end of this section.
Baseline Noise Survey
3.4 On Wednesday 12th October 2011 a background noise survey was carried at three monitoring locations. Location one was on the podium to the south of the stadium and this position was selected to enable a noise assessment of the proposed generators that will be in situ during events.
3.5 The second baseline noise measurement location was Hornsey Road. It was not possible to gain access to the first floor (as suggested for permanent monitoring by the London Borough of Islington) so measurements were taken at the ground floor level. Due to a significant influence on the baseline noise levels from an extract fan located on a nearby building, measurements were taken outside Citizen House. This position is further away from the dominant road traffic on Hornsey Road and the extract fan.
3.6 The third measurement location was at 33 Whistler Street and it was noted that this property is set back from the busy Drayton Park Road.
3.7 To provide the baseline noise levels in an evening period, four 15 minute measurements were taken at each of the locations between the hours of 17:30 and 23:00 on a Wednesday night.
3.8 The weather conditions during the noise survey were cloudy and mild with a light easterly breeze.
3.9 The equipment used for the noise survey comprised the following:
Brüel & Kjær Type 2250 Sound Level Meter; S/N 2611549
Larson Davis Calibrator, CAL200 S/N 5014
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3.10 The sound level meter was calibrated both before and after the noise survey and no significant variation in the calibration level was noted. A summary of the results can be found in table 1 below:
Table 1. Summary of Background Noise Survey,
Start Time Parameter dB(A) Location 1 – Podium Leq,15hr 66.8 Construction noise dominating from a site to the 17:30 L90,15min 58.7 north including vehicle movements, banging and Lmax,15min 79.7 revere alarms Leq,15hr 57.5 Vehicle delivery of concrete and concrete 19:14 L90,15min 55.1 pumping. Meter moved so not in direct line of Lmax,15min 67.6 sight. Leq,15hr 59.1 Traffic including some sirens from A103. 20:19 L90,15min 53.1 Lmax,15min 80.1 Leq,15hr 61.4 Traffic including some sirens from A103. 21:20 L90,15min 47.7 Lmax,15min 82.9 Location 2 – Hornsey Road (Citizen House) Leq,15hr 57.3 Traffic noise from the A103 including loud bikes, 17:56 L90,15min 52.4 numerous train passes and occasional aircraft. Lmax,15min 73.2 Leq,15hr 57.0 Traffic, Trains, Aircraft, low level noise from 19:32 L90,15min 50.8 extract vents. Lmax,15min 69.4 Leq,15hr 56.1 Traffic noise from the A103 including loud bikes, 20:40 L90,15min 50.9 numerous train passes and occasional aircraft. Lmax,15min 76.2 Leq,15hr 55.2 Traffic noise from the A103, numerous train 21:54 L90,15min 44.8 passes and occasional aircraft. Lmax,15min 69.9 Location 3 – Whistler Street Leq,15hr 60.5 Local traffic dominating, Lmax from a loud dog 18:20 L90,15min 52.8 barking. Lmax,15min 82.0 Leq,15hr 58.3 Road traffic noise. 19:52 L90,15min 49.3 Lmax,15min 69.7 Leq,15hr 61.4 Road traffic noise. Some people walking past, 21:00 L90,15min 47.7 loud laughing. Lmax,15min 82.9 Leq,15hr 57.3 Road traffic noise. 22:17 L90,15min 41.8 Lmax,15min 78.7
Figure 1. Site Location & Measurement Locations.
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4 Generator Noise Assessment
4.1 During the lead up to and on the concerts days, generators will be operational on the podium. The proposed location of the generators is shown as Location 1 in Figure 1.
4.2 The British Standard BS4142:1997 entitled ‘Method for Rating industrial noise affecting mixed residential and industrial areas’ is considered to provide the most appropriate method to determine the impact of the temporary generators situated on Podium on the noise sensitive properties. It contains a method whereby the likelihood of complaints arising from an industrial activity can be assessed.
4.3 The basis of the standard requires a comparison to be made between the ‘background noise level’ of the assessment area and the ‘specific noise level’ of the noise source under consideration. There are five key definitions relating to this relationship;
i) Background Noise Level - LA90,T - this is defined in the Standard as ‘the ‘A’ weighted sound pressure level of the residual noise at the assessment position which is exceeded for 90 % of the given time interval, T, measured using time weighting F and quoted to the nearest number of whole decibels.
ii) Specific Noise Level - LAeq,T - this is the equivalent continuous ‘A’ weighted sound pressure level over a given time interval.
iii) Residual Noise - this is defined as the ambient noise remaining in a given situation when the specific noise source is suppressed to a degree such that it does not contribute to the ambient noise.
iv) Ambient Noise - totally encompassing sound in a given situation at a given time usually composed of sound from many sources near and far.
v) Rating Level - LAeq,T - the specific noise level plus any adjustment made for the characteristic features of the noise.
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4.4 The background level, wherever possible should be determined at the location where the assessment is to be made. Situations will arise where, due to circumstances which influence this level unduly, for example the specific noise level is operating continuously and thus the residual noise cannot be measured at this point, the background level may be determined in other ways. This may be, for example, by measuring at a different location or a different time which are nevertheless representative of the assessment position. If this has been undertaken, it must be reported and the reasons for such a strategy given.
4.5 The specific noise level is determined firstly by measurement. In situations where the source is yet to be on site or not operating for some reason, the Standard allows determination by calculation. Calculation can also be employed in circumstances where it is not possible to measure the specific noise level at the point of assessment. For example when other noise sources interfere with measurements at this position. Any calculation methodology used must also be reported.
4.6 Section 8 of BS4142 gives guidance on the likelihood of complaints by subtracting the measured background noise level from the rating level. The greater this difference the greater the likelihood of complaints. A difference of around +10 dB or more indicates that complaints are likely. A difference of around + 5 dB is of marginal significance. If the rating level is more than 10 dB below the measured background noise level then this is a positive indication that complaints are unlikely.
4.7 For this assessment the lowest measured background level measured at location 1 has been used. The nearest residential property is situated 86m away from the generators and is closer to the A106 than the baseline noise measurement location. It is understood that the generators will not be operational during the night-time period therefore they have assessed against the lowest evening background level.
4.8 Based on experience for previous concerts, it is proposed that two 1100t Twinpack generators will be used at this venue and the suppliers of these units have provided noise levels when the generators are running at maximum capacity of 76 dB(A) at a distance of 1m from the units. The predicted noise levels from the generators at the facade of the closest noise sensitive properties are shown in Table 2 below:
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Table 2 – Noise Assessment for Generators
Lowest Source Predicted BS4142
measured dB (A) Level Assessment Noise Sensitive Background 1m from dB(A) Level Premises L90,15min source dB(A) Benwell Road 47.7 76 40 (48-40+5)
-3 dB
4.9 As shown in Table 2, the BS4142:1997 assessment level for the generators is -3 dB at the nearest residential receptor. The assessment has included a 5dB character correction for the generator noise. An assessment level of -3 dB is between a level that BS4142 considers to be of ‘marginal significance’ and a level where ‘noise complaints are unlikely’. As the generators are a temporary noise source for up to 3 concerts per year it is considered that the noise is within acceptable levels.
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5 Concert Noise Review
5.1 The proposed stage location is to the south of the stadium, facing north. This location has been used at previous concerts at the Emirates Stadium.
5.2 At previous concerts noise complaints have been from the south-east and north west of the stadium (Whistler Street, Highbury Hill and Harvist Estate) and a new permanent monitoring site at 32 Whistler Street (which is corner Whistler street/Drayton Park) has been agreed with the London Borough of Islington. A further permanent monitoring location has been agreed at the first floor of 82a to 90a Hornsey Road (which is corner of Hornsey road/Citizen Road by Harvist estate) located to the north west of the stadium. Spot noise measurements would also be taken at representative locations around the stadium throughout the concerts.
Historical Data
5.3 A review of previous concert data at the Emirates including the Bruce Springsteen concert in 2008 indicates that to comply with the noise conditions at Hornsey Road and Whistler Street
the music noise level at the mixer noise level would need to be around LAeq,15 min 99 dB. This limit would be verified on the day of the event due to variations in day to day weather conditions to ensure that the off-site noise limits is achieved at the agreed monitoring locations.
5.4 Condition 9, as shown below will be achieved at the agreed monitoring locations with a typical mixer noise level of 99 dB(A).
9. The MNL (Music Noise Level) shall not exceed 75 dB LAeq (15 min) 1 metre from the façade of any noise sensitive premises.
6 Noise Management Plan
6.1 The sound control programme that will be followed is detailed below. Careful consideration will be given to implementing and exercising a noise control programme during sound checks and event to control entertainment noise from the venue.
Pre event information
6.2 Vanguardia will set up a direct means of communication with all parties. The promoter will provide Vanguardia staff with site radios.
6.3 A dedicated radio channel will be provided for Vanguardia consultants.
6.4 A letter or newspaper advertisement will be circulated to local residents at least 2 weeks prior to the event, informing them of the details of the event and including start and finish times of
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both the event and any sound-checks. The advertisement should also include a dedicated telephone number for noise complaints.
6.5 A telephone complaints line will be made available for the duration of the event. Should any noise complaints be received, a consultant will investigate the complaint and if noise levels are above those specified in the licence conditions, immediate action would be taken to reduce the levels at the noise source. A complaints log should be maintained throughout the event, detailing addresses of complaints, times and actions. The complaints line will either be manned by a Vanguardia consultant or a contact number will be made available to the operator of the complaints line and the local authority.
6.6 The promoter will advise the Environmental Health Department of the likely times of rehearsals and sound-checks, although this is unlikely to be known until very near the production set up. The promoter will also agree timings for production set up.
Sound Systems
6.7 Vanguardia will review the sound systems and other noise sources and work with the promoter and the council to minimise noise disturbance.
6.8 All sound system suppliers will be informed of the requirements of noise control and the type and location/orientation of their systems. Their contract of hire will also specify that the overall control of sound levels will be set by the Promoter and/or their appointed agent (acoustic consultants). The London Borough of Islington will also be informed of the sound system specification, stage location/orientation etc.
6.9 Vanguardia will undertake sound tests prior to the event to determine a correlation between inside and outside sound levels. The limit set at the mixer desks will be agreed with the Councils Environmental Health Officer and the correlation checked at intervals throughout the event.
6.10 A permanent noise monitor will be provided at the mixer desk position and at the agreed external monitoring locations of 32 Whistler Street and the first floor of 82a to 90a Hornsey Road. Spot noise measurements would also be taken at representative locations around the stadium throughout the concerts. All noise meters will comply with the required standards and be calibrated.
6.11 Vanguardia will liaise with the Council and comply with their complaints procedure. The promoter and Vanguardia will comply with any reasonable instructions given by the licensing authority.
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6.12 Vanguardia will provide consultants and technicians to monitor the internal and external noise levels.
Sound Control Procedures
Sound propagation tests
6.13 On the day of the event, the production team will carry out short sound checks and as part of this process, acoustic consultants will undertake sound propagation tests to correlate the music noise levels at the mixing desk with those observed at the most sensitive sound control positions. The results of these tests will be used to ‘fine tune’ the sound system in order to maximise the containment of music and set an appropriate sound limit at the mixer positions.
Generators
6.14 Prior to the start of the shows, noise levels from the main concert generators will be checked to ensure they meet the guidance given in BS4142 as discussed in the earlier section. Small stand-alone generators for food and beverage and merchandising stands on the podium have caused problems in the past and therefore noise levels will be checked prior to the start of the event. Noise mitigation measures will be employed (ensuring panels are closed, noise barriers are adopted or noise generators and replaced with quieter plant).
Sound control within the venue
6.15 The music sound levels at the mixing desk position will be continually monitored in terms of
15 minute and 1 minute LAeq values. The noise limit will be set in 15-minute intervals but the 1-minute values provide acoustic consultants with immediate information to ensure the limit is not exceeded. The sound engineer will be informed of the position of the music sound levels and immediate instructions will be issued to them if it appears that the limit may be exceeded at any point. The Acoustic consultant at the mixer desk position will be in radio contact with colleagues at external monitoring positions. If off site levels begin to approach the noise limits, noise reductions will be immediately requested at the mixing desk.
Sound monitoring outside of the venue
6.16 Noise measurements outside of the site will be taken at the agreed locations and in response to any complaints that may be received. Action necessary to ensure the noise limit is not exceeded will be transmitted by radio through to the acoustic consultant team at the mixer positions and immediate instructions issued to the sound engineers to resolve any potential problems.
6.17 A subjective assessment of low frequency noise will also be undertaken at the agreed monitoring locations and any noise reductions immediately relayed to the sound engineers.
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Telephone complaints line
6.18 A telephone complaints line number is yet to be confirmed. A schematic of the control communication protocol is provided on the following page:
Summary Reporting
6.19 A summary report will be produced after the event which will include all the noise level measurements made at each position. This will be made available to the local authorities.
Potential Noise Sources During Load-out and control methods
6.20 The potential noise sources and their control for load-out activities are discussed in this section. In general, the Emirates Stadium provides an excellent noise barrier as all the activities can be loaded and unloaded inside the stadium. This significantly reduces the potential impact.
6.21 Load out noise consists of the loading out of production equipment, flight cases etc onto lorries and stage trucks and includes movements made by the lorries and other associated vehicles such as fork lift trucks. The loading of stage trucks will take place in the load-out area inside the stadium.
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6.22 Practical steps to be taken to minimise noise impact during load out include a full briefing session to all rigging and supervisory staff prior to the event. This is common practice within the entertainments industry. Staff will be made aware of the noise sensitive nature of the site and where practically possible:-
Refrain from shouting when communicating,
Use screw fixings as opposed to nails,
Refrain from dropping scaffold bars
Use damping materials to line truck floors
Where possible, park trucks between operations and nearest noise sensitive properties. This helps to act as a partial barrier.
6.23 Trucks will be located as near as possible to operation, reducing transit time and noise level from fork-lift trucks. This also increases barrier effect afforded by the truck itself.
6.24 In line with Arsenal’s current car park procedures, the Promoter will be told that when trucks are parked backstage, their engines are to be switched off at all times, with multiple, large signs to the effect “PLEASE SWITCH ENGINES OFF AT ALL TIMES WHILST PARKED/STATIONARY HERE”. The same sign should also be installed throughout all load- out areas.
6.25 It would also be advisable for Promoter/Production Manager to post large signs at the Load- out position to the effect “QUIET WORKING PLEASE – RESIDENTIAL AREA”.
6.26 The typical site build and de-rig of the main activities are presented below to give an indication of the activities and likely programme of events. Please note these are only indicative at this time.
Date Activities Typical work times
Monday 28th May 2012 Deliveries, cranes, steel build of 0800 to 1900 Steel Build 1 stage
Tuesday 29th May 2012 Deliveries, cranes, steel build of 0800 to 1900 Steel Build 2 stage
Wednesday 30th May 2012 Deliveries, cranes, steel build of 0800 to 1900 Steel build 3 stage
Thursday 31st May 2012 Load-in and set-up of the 0800 to 2100 Production day production equipment (lights, sound, video etc) Friday 1st June2012 Sound checks (1030 onwards), 0900 to 2230 Showday 1 deliveries and show
Saturday 2nd June Sound checks (1030 onwards), 0900 to 2230
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2012 deliveries and show Showday 2 Monday 4th June Sound checks (1030 onwards), 0900 to 0000 2012 deliveries and show. Start Showday 3 (optional) production de-rig.
Tuesday 5th June 2012 Load-out of production equipment 0000 to 0200 Production load-out Site clearance 0800 to 1900
Wednesday 6th June 2012 Site clearance and Steel Load-out 0800 to 2000 Site Clearance
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7 Conclusions
7.1 This report provides an assessment of concert and generator noise for the proposed events at the Emirates Stadium in June 2012.
7.2 Based on experience from previous concert at the Emirates Stadium permanent monitoring sites have been agreed with the London Borough of Islington to monitor concert noise during the events.
7.3 A review of previous concert data at the Emirates including the Bruce Springsteen concert in 2008 indicates that to comply with the noise conditions at Hornsey Road and Whistler Street
the music noise level at the mixer noise level would be typically LAeq,15 min 99 dB. This limit would be verified on the day of the event due to variations in day to day weather conditions to ensure that the off-site noise limits is achieved at the agreed monitoring locations.
7.4 The BS4142:1997 assessment level for the generators is -3 dB at the nearest residential receptor. An assessment level of -3 dB is between a level that BS4142 considers to be of ‘marginal significance’ and a level where ‘noise complaints are unlikely’. As the generators are a temporary noise source for up to 3 concerts per year it is considered that the noise is within acceptable levels.
7.5 A detailed noise management plan is included in this report to provide the management and controls needed to minimise the noise impact to the local communities.
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Appendix A / Glossary of Terms
A.1 Noise is defined as unwanted sound. The range of audible sound is from 0dB to 140dB, which is taken to be the threshold of pain. The sound pressure detected by the human ear covers an extremely wide range. The decibel (dB) is used to condense this range into a manageable scale by taking the logarithm of the ratio of the sound pressure and a reference sound pressure.
A.2 The frequency response of the ear is usually taken to be about 18Hz (number of oscillations per second) to 18,000Hz. The ear does not respond equally to different frequencies at the same level. It is more sensitive in the mid-frequency range than at the lower and higher frequencies, and because of this, the low and high frequency component of a sound are reduced in importance by applying a weighting (filtering) circuit to the noise measuring instrument. The weighting which is most used and which correlates best with the subjective response to noise is the dB(A) weighting. This is an internationally accepted standard for noise measurements.
A.3 The ear can just distinguish a difference in loudness between two noise sources when there is a 3dB(A) difference between them. Also when two sound sources of the same noise level are combined the resultant level is 3dB(A) higher than the single source. When two sounds differ by 10dB(A) one is said to be twice as loud as the other.
A.4 The subjective response to a noise is dependent not only upon the sound pressure level and its frequency, but also its intermittency. Various indices have been developed to try and correlate annoyances with the noise level and its fluctuations. The parameter used for this measure is Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level (LAeq). The A-weighted sound pressure level of a steady sound that has, over a given period, the same energy as the fluctuating sound under investigation. It is in effect the energy average level over the specified measurement period (T) and is the most widely used indicator for environmental noise. A few examples of noise of various levels are given right:
VC-100989-EN-RP-0001-01| Emirates Concerts Appendix A