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UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Enforcing boundaries : globalization, state power and the geography of cross- border consumption in Tijuana, Mexico Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t31203v Author Murià Tuñón, Magalí Publication Date 2010 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Enforcing Boundaries: Globalization, State Power and the Geography of Cross-border Consumption in Tijuana, Mexico A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Communication by Magalí Murià Tuñón Committee in charge: Professor Daniel Hallin, Chair Professor Robert Alvarez Professor Gary Fields Professor Christena Turner Professor Elana Zilberg 2010 Magalí Murià, 2010. All rights reserved. The dissertation of Magalí Murià is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2009 iii DEDICATION Para Enrique y Diego A mis padres, Julia y José María iv EPIGRAPH El sur también existe Mario Benedetti (1920-2009) Con su ritual de acero Pero aquí abajo, abajo sus grandes chimeneas cada uno en su escondite sus sabios clandestinos hay hombres y mujeres su canto de sirena que saben a qué asirse sus cielos de neón aprovechando el sol sus ventas navideñas y también los eclipses su culto de Dios Padre apartando lo inútil y de las charreteras y usando lo que sirve. con sus llaves del reino Con su fe veterana el Norte es el que ordena el Sur también existe. Pero aquí abajo, abajo Con su corno francés el hambre disponible y su academia sueca recurre al fruto amargo su salsa americana de lo que otros deciden y sus llaves inglesas mientras el tiempo pasa con todos sus misiles y pasan los desfiles y sus enciclopedias y se hacen otras cosas su guerra de galaxias que el Norte no prohíbe. y su saña opulenta Con su esperanza dura con todos sus laureles el Sur también existe. el Norte es el que ordena. Con sus predicadores Pero aquí abajo, abajo sus gases que envenenan cerca de las raíces su escuela de Chicago es donde la memoria sus dueños de la tierra ningún recuerdo omite con sus trapos de lujo y hay quienes se desmueren y su pobre osamenta y hay quienes se desviven sus defensas gastadas y así entre todos logran sus gastos de defensa lo que era un imposible con su gesta invasora que todo el mundo sepa el Norte es el que ordena. que el Sur, que el Sur también existe v The south also exists Mario Benedetti (1920-2009) With its ritual of steel But down here, down its great chimneys each in their hideaway its secret scholars are men and women its siren song who know what to grasp its neon skies making the most of the sun its Christmas sales and eclipses its cult of God the Father putting useless things aside and of epaulets and using what is useful. with its keys With its veteran faith to the kingdom the South also exists. the North is the one who orders With its French horn and its Swedish academy But down here, down its American sauce hunger at hand and its English wrenches resorts to the bitter fruit with all its missiles of what others decide and its encyclopedias while time passes its war of galaxies and pass the parades and its rich cruelty and other things with all its laurels that the North doesn't forbid. the North is the one With its hard hope who orders. the South also exists. But down here, down With its preachers near the roots its poison gases is where memory its Chicago school omits no memory its owners of the Earth and there are those with its luxurious costume who defy death for and its meager frame and die for its spent defenses and thus together achieve its expenses of defense what was impossible with its epic of invasion that the whole world the North is the one who orders. would know that the South, that the South also exists vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ............................................................................................................... iii Dedication ...................................................................................................................... iv Epigraph ......................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................. xi List of Figures ............................................................................................................... xii List of Maps ................................................................................................................. xiii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... xiv Curriculum Vitae ......................................................................................................... xxi Abstract of the Dissertation ........................................................................................ xxv Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1. Welcome to Tijuana: of Legends and Stereotypes, Borders and Boundaries ...... 1 2. Global and Local Scopes: States and Borders in the De-Territorializaton Debate .................................................................................................................... 9 3. Crossing and Enforcing Boundaries: Text and Matter Across the North-South Divide ................................................................................................................. 14 4. “El Consumo es Bueno Para Pensar”: Thinking Consumption in the U.S.-Mexico Border. ........................................................................................... 20 5. The Territorial Aspects of Power: Nation-States and the Spatial Dimension of Consumption. .................................................................................................. 26 6. The Politics of Infrastructure: Identity, Discipline, and the Imposition of Meaning. ........................................................................................................ 34 7. Dissertation Work Plan: Mapping Subjectivity, Premises and History in Tijuana’s Geography of Consumption. ............................................................... 42 8. Theoretical Borders and Bridges: Geographies of Consumption and the Field of Communication. ..................................................................................... 47 9. Stories of a Ghost Subject: Data, Perceptions and Methodology. ....................... 50 vii Chapter 1. “Too Far from God, too Close to the United States”: Consumption Cultures in Tijuana ......................................................... 59 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 59 2. Goods, Place and Meaning in Tijuana’s Everyday Life ...................................... 61 3. Material Culture and Geographical Mobility of A Cosmopolitan Community .. 66 4. Consumption and Identity in the Absence of the National Market .................... 72 5. A Broken American Dream: Local Consumer Cultures and the National Economy .............................................................................................................. 79 6. Hybrid Landscapes: Fluidity, Urban Poverty, and Domestic Transnational Practices .............................................................................................................. 84 7. The landscape in the Body: Borderlanders, Binationals, Hybrids and Monsters ....................................................................................................... 90 8. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 97 Chapter 2. Mexico in Tijuana. the Imagined Community and the Institutional State .................................................................................. 102 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 102 2. Economic Territoriality and the Aduana de Tijuana .......................................... 104 3. Beyond the Homeland: The Perímetros Libres .................................................. 105 4. The Double Edge of Territorial Control and Cross-National Consumption: Expropriations and the Free Trade Zone ........................................................... 107 5. Political and Physical Connectivity: Statehood and Transportation .................. 114 6. The Institutions and Networks of Mexico’s Imagined Community: National Television and the Nationalization of the Electric Industry .............................. 121 7. Economic Policies of Integration: Centrally Planned Border Development ..... 127 8. The Territories of Currency: Monetary Integration and the Peso Devaluation ........................................................................................................ 133 9. Urban Planning and Cultural Territoriality: The Zona Rio and the Construction of CECUT .......................................................................................................... 140 10. Conclusion
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