DOCSLIB.ORG

Transcriptome Comparison Reveals Distinct Selection Patterns in Domesticated and Wild Agave Species, the Important CAM Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transcriptome Comparison Reveals Distinct Selection Patterns in Domesticated and Wild Agave Species, the Important CAM Plants Hindawi International Journal of Genomics Volume 2018, Article ID 5716518, 12 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5716518 Research Article Transcriptome Comparison Reveals Distinct Selection Patterns in Domesticated and Wild Agave Species, the Important CAM Plants 1 2 1 3 1 1 Xing Huang , Bo Wang, Jingen Xi, Yajie Zhang, Chunping He, Jinlong Zheng, 4 4 4 1 1 Jianming Gao, Helong Chen, Shiqing Zhang, Weihuai Wu, Yanqiong Liang, 1 and Kexian Yi 1Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China 2National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China 3Hainan Climate Center, Haikou 570203, China 4Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xing Huang; [email protected] and Kexian Yi; [email protected] Received 27 February 2018; Revised 21 August 2018; Accepted 24 September 2018; Published 22 November 2018 Academic Editor: Giandomenico Corrado Copyright © 2018 Xing Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Agave species are an important family of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants with remarkable tolerance to heat and drought stresses (Agave deserti) in arid regions and multiple agricultural applications, such as spirit (Agave tequilana) and fiber (Agave sisalana) production. The agave genomes are commonly too large to sequence, which has significantly restricted our understanding to the molecular basis of stress tolerance and economic traits in agaves. In this study, we collected three transcriptome databases for comparison to reveal the phylogenic relationships and evolution patterns of the three agave species. The results indicated the close but distinctly domesticated relations between A. tequilana and A. sisalana. Natural abiotic and biotic selections are very important factors that have contributed to distinct economic traits in agave domestication together with artificial selection. Besides, a series of candidate unigenes regulating fructan, fiber, and stress response-related traits were identified in A. tequilana, A. sisalana, and A. deserti, respectively. This study represents the first transcriptome comparison within domesticated and wild agaves, which would serve as a guidance for further studies on agave evolution, environmental adaptation, and improvement of economically important traits. 1. Introduction for fiber production in tropical regions [6]. As a native wild plant in the Sonoran Desert regions of the Southwestern Agave species assembled an important group of crassulacean United States and Northwestern Mexico, Agave deserti has acid metabolism (CAM) plants with remarkable tolerance to successfully survived in a severe environment within elevation heat and drought stresses in arid regions [1]. CAM plants ranges that experience both hot, dry summers and occasional usually have a higher efficiency in water use than C3 and freezing temperatures in winter [7, 8]. This capacity of high C4 plants [2]. For this reason, CAM plants brought a great tolerance to multiple stresses has important values to the chance to enhance sustainable production of food and bioe- improvement of the main food crops. These economic and nergy under the background of limited freshwater resources stress-tolerant features have made agave a model CAM crop and global climate change [3]. As a traditional cultivated system for a hot and dry/droughty/xeric environment [9]. CAM plant, Agave tequilana has been used for the produc- However, few reports have revealed the physiology and tion of distilled spirit tequila for centuries [4]. Further, it also molecular basis of agaves, especially in A. sisalana. To date, shows a great potential in bioenergy production [5]. Besides, A. tequilana-related studies mainly focused on fructan, with Agave sisalana has also been widely cultivated as a cash crop the obvious purpose of improving fructan production and 2 International Journal of Genomics 2 Agave americana 2 Agave terraccianoi 25 3 Agave deserti(former) 7 Agave sisalana Agave tequilana 2 Agave angustifolia 3 Agave macracantha Agave marmorata 7 Agave kerchovei 44 65 Agave stricta Agave potatorum 49 Agave karwinskii 3 Agave schidigera Agave subsimplex 40 Agave deserti(current) Agave cerulata Agave victoriae-reginae 0.0010 (a) 70 Agave sisalana Agave tequilana Agave americana Agave deserti 0.00020 (b) Figure 1: Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast sequences in Agave species. (a) The trnL+trnL-trnF sequences (about 900 bp) were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. (b) The sequences of A. tequilana (GAHU01110124), A. deserti (GAHT01022741), and A. americana (KX519714) were from NCBI. A. sisalana (CL7065.Contig2) sequence and the other 13 sequences were from previous studies [15, 24]. Table 1: Summary of the transcriptomes for the 3 Agave species. Species A. tequilana A. deserti A. sisalana Total sequenced high-quality data 293.5 Gbp 184.7 Gbp 11.3 Gbp Number of Agave unigenes 204,530 128,869 131,422 Sum length of Agave unigenes 204.9 Mbp 125.0 Mbp 77.6 Mbp N50 length 1387 bp 1323 bp 861 bp application to generate bioenergy [5, 10, 11]. A. deserti- comparison has also been conducted for evolution analysis related studies were mainly conducted for its ecological and and searching economically important traits in some genome physiological adaptation to a severe environment, which is unavailable crops [22]. In this study, we selected three tran- highly valuable for the improvement of the main food crops scriptome databases for comparison to reveal the phylogeny [12]. Besides, a series of saponin-related researches have been and evolution pattern of the three agave species [23, 24]. reported, while few reports were related to fiber in A. sisalana Those genes related to species-specific traits would be also [13, 14]. These three agave species are closely related species identified and evaluated for their importance in agronomy but with different remarkable biological features. A previous production and environmental adaptation of agaves. This study has revealed the phylogenetic relations according to study represents the first transcriptome comparison within their trnL sequences [15]. The result showed that they were domesticatedandwildagaves,whichwouldserveasaguidance closely related species in spite of different origins for A. tequi- for further studies on agave evolution, environmental adapta- lana (Jalisco), A. deserti (the Sonoran Desert), and A. sisalana tion, and improvement of economically important traits. (Chiapas) [4, 6, 7]. Agaves have very large genomes, which has significantly restricted their genome assembly and lim- 2. Materials and Methods ited our understanding to their evolution pattern [16]. In other crops, accessible genomes and genome-wide associa- 2.1. Phylogenetic Analysis. Phylogenetic analysis was con- tion analysis have revealed many economically important ducted by MEGA 5.0 software with the minimum-evolution traits for crop improvement [17–19]. Recently, the devel- method [25]. The methods and parameters were according opment of next-generation sequencing has brought a new to the previous study [15]. The bootstrap method was direction for gene-related studies without the restriction employed for confidence in nodes with 1000 replicates. Partial of genome data [20, 21]. Furthermore, transcriptome chloroplast sequences for A. tequilana and A. deserti were International Journal of Genomics 3 A. tequilana A. sisalana 7000 6000 2,864 5000 13,452 38,721 4000 6,130 3000 6,939 3,154 2000 Number of unigene 1000 13,104 0 A. deserti 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Te sequence identity (%) A. sisalana vs A. tequilana A. sisalana vs A. deserti A. tequilana vs A. deserti (a) (b) Figure 2: Sequence comparisons between domesticated A. tequilana and A. sisalana and wild A. deserti transcriptomes. (a) The sketch map showing 6130 unigene terms that were identified within the three transcriptomes. (b) The identity distribution of all orthologous unigene pairs. downloaded from NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with 2.4. In Silico Gene Expression Analysis. The expression pat- the accession numbers GAHU01110124 and GAHT01022741, tern of positive selected unigenes was subjected to in silico respectively. Partial chloroplast sequences for A. sisalana gene expression analysis in agave leaves. The reads per kilo- were obtained from a previous transcriptome database base per million mapped read (RPKM) value of these uni- [24]. The whole chloroplast sequence of A. americana genes in A. deserti and A. tequilana were calculated by was obtained from NCBI under the accession number RSEM software according to the previous study [23, 30]. KX519714. The trnL+trnL-trnF sequences (about 900 bp) The RPKM data was further normalized with two reference for the 4 and other 14 agave species were also downloaded genes (tubulin and serine/threonine-protein phosphatase) according to the previous study [15]. in each agave species [31]. 2.5. Selection Pressure Detection and Protein Structure 2.2. Transcriptome Data and Gene Annotation. Three agave Modeling. To detect the selection pressure on positive selec- transcriptome databases were according to previous studies tion unigenes, Ka/Ks ratios were calculated in sliding window [23, 24]. Transcriptome assembly of the Illumina
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chromatid Abnormalities in Meiosis: a Brief Review and a Case Study in the Genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae)
    Chapter 10 Chromatid Abnormalities in Meiosis: A Brief Review and a Case Study in the Genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae) Benjamín Rodríguez‐Garay Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68974 Abstract The genus Agave is distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a large group of succulent plants, with about 200 taxa from 136 species, and its center of origin is probably limited to Mexico. It is divided into two subgenera: Littaea and Agave based on the architecture of the inflorescence; the subgenus Littaea has a spicate or racemose inflorescence, while plants of the subgenus Agave have a paniculate inflorescence with flowers in umbellate clusters on lateral branches. As the main conclusion of this study, a hypothesis rises from the described observations: frying pan‐shaped chromosomes are formed by sister chromatid exchanges and a premature kinetochore movement in prophase II, which are meiotic aberrations that exist in these phylogenetic distant species, Agave stricta and A. angustifolia since ancient times in their evolution, and this may be due to genes that are prone to act under diverse kinds of environmental stress. Keywords: tequila, mescal, chromatid cohesion, centromere, inversion heterorozygosity, kinetochore 1. Introduction The genus Agave is distributed in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world and repre‐ sents a large group of succulent plants, with about 200 taxa from 136 species, and its center of origin is probably limited to Mexico [1]. It is divided into two subgenera: Littaea and Agave based on the architecture of the inflorescence; the subgenus Littaea has a spicate or racemose © 2017 The Author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse Succulents
    NAT. CROAT. VOL. 27 No 2 407-420* ZAGREB December 31, 2018 professional paper/stručni članak – museum collections/muzejske zbirke DOI 10.20302/NC.2018.27.28 PLETHORA OF PLANTS - COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB (2): GLASSHOUSE SUCCULENTS Dubravka Sandev, Darko Mihelj & Sanja Kovačić Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (e-mail: [email protected]) Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants – collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse succulents. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407- 420*, 2018, Zagreb. In this paper, the plant lists of glasshouse succulents grown in the Botanical Garden from 1895 to 2017 are studied. Synonymy, nomenclature and origin of plant material were sorted. The lists of species grown in the last 122 years are constructed in such a way as to show that throughout that period at least 1423 taxa of succulent plants from 254 genera and 17 families inhabited the Garden’s cold glass- house collection. Key words: Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, historic plant collections, succulent col- lection Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Obilje bilja – zbirke Botaničkoga vrta Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (2): Stakleničke mesnatice. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407-420*, 2018, Zagreb. U ovom članku sastavljeni su popisi stakleničkih mesnatica uzgajanih u Botaničkom vrtu zagrebačkog Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta između 1895. i 2017. Uređena je sinonimka i no- menklatura te istraženo podrijetlo biljnog materijala. Rezultati pokazuju kako je tijekom 122 godine kroz zbirku mesnatica hladnog staklenika prošlo najmanje 1423 svojti iz 254 rodova i 17 porodica.
    [Show full text]
  • Nymphaeaceae
    FLORA DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN NYMPHAEACEAE INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO 2018 Instituto de Biología Director Victor Manuel G. Sánchez-Cordero Dávila Secretario Académico Atilano Contreras Ramos Secretaria Técnica Noemí Chávez Castañeda EDITORA Rosalinda Medina Lemos Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México COMITÉ EDITORIAL Abisaí J. García Mendoza Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Salvador Arias Montes Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Rosaura Grether González División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa Rosa María Fonseca Juárez Laboratorio de Plantas Vasculares Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Nueva Serie Publicación Digital, es un esfuerzo del Departamento de Botánica del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, por continuar aportando conocimiento sobre nuestra Biodiversidad, cualquier asunto relacionado con la publicación dirigirse a la Editora: Apartado Postal 70-233, C.P. 04510. Ciudad de México, México o al correo electrónico: [email protected] Autor: Elvia Esparza. Año: 2004. Título: Nymphaea gracilis Zucc. Técnica: Acuarela, pincel seco. Género: Ilustración científica desarrollada para el proyecto: Iconografía y estudio de plan tas acuáti- cas de la Ciudad de México y sus alrededores. Medidas: 38.0 cm largo x 30.0 cm ancho. Colección: obra del Archivo Histórico de la Biblioteca del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Descripción: planta acuática enraizada, de hojas flotantes, dulceacuícola de lagos, ríos, y estanques, se representa la forma de vida, detalle de transición de pétalos a estambres y estami- nodios, fruto, rizoma y detalle del envés de una hoja.
    [Show full text]
  • April 1964 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL
    TIIE .A.~ERIC.A.N ~GAZINE April 1964 AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL 1600 BLADENSBURG ROAD, NORTHEAST. WASHINGTON, D. C. For United Horticulture *** to accumulate, increase, and disseminate horticultural information Editorial Committee Directors Terms Expiring 1964 JOHN L. CREECH, Chairman R. C. ALLEN W. H . HODGE Ohio P. H. BRYDON FREDERIC P. LEE California CARL W. FENNINGER CONRAD B . LINK Pennsylvania CURTIS MAY JOHN E . GRAF District of Columbia FREDERICK G . MEYER GRACE P. WILSON Maryland WILBUR H . YOUNGMAN Terms Expiring 1965 HAROLD EpSTEIN New YOI'k Officers FRED C . GALLE Georgia PRESIDENT FRED J. NISBET North Carolina R USSELL J. SEIBERT J. FRANKLIN STYER Kennett Square, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania DONALD WYMAN FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT Massachusetts RAy C . ALLEN Terms Expiring 1966 Mansfie ld, Ohio J. HAROLD CLARKE Washington SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT JAN DE GRAAFF MRS. JULIAN W. HILL Oregon Wilm ington, Delaware CARLTON B . LEES Massachusetts RUSSELL J. SEIBERT ACTING SECRETARY-TREASURER . Pennsylvania GRACE P. WILSON DONALD WATSON Bladensburg, Maryland Michigan The American Horticultural Magazine is the official publication of the American Horticultural Society and is issued four times a year during the quarters commencing with January, April, J~ly and October. It is devoted to the dissemination of knowledge in the science and art of growmg ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, and related subjects. Original papers increasing the historical, varietal, and cultural know ledges of plant mate~ials of economic and aesthetic importance are welcomed and will be published as early as possible. The Chairman of the Editorial Committee should be consulted for manuscript specifications. Reprints will be furnished in accordance with the following schedule of prices, plus post­ age, and should be ordered at the time the galley proof is returned by the author: One hundred copies-2 pp $6.60; 4 pp $12.10; 8 pp $25.30; 12 pp $36.30; Covers $12.10.
    [Show full text]
  • Planting a Dry Rock Garden in Miam1
    Succulents in Miam i-D ade: Planting a D ry Rock Garden John McLaughlin1 Introduction The aim of this publication is twofold: to promote the use of succulent and semi-succulent plants in Miami-Dade landscapes, and the construction of a modified rock garden (dry rock garden) as a means of achieving this goal. Plants that have evolved tactics for surviving in areas of low rainfall are collectively known as xerophytes. Succulents are probably the best known of such plants, all of them having in common tissues adapted to storing/conserving water (swollen stems, thickened roots, or fleshy and waxy/hairy leaves). Many succulent plants have evolved metabolic pathways that serve to reduce water loss. Whereas most plants release carbon dioxide (CO2) at night (produced as an end product of respiration), many succulents chemically ‘fix’ CO2 in the form of malic acid. During daylight this fixed CO2 is used to form carbohydrates through photosynthesis. This reduces the need for external (free) CO2, enabling the plant to close specialized pores (stomata) that control gas exchange. With the stomata closed water loss due to transpiration is greatly reduced. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), as this metabolic sequence is known, is not as productive as normal plant metabolism and is one reason many succulents are slow growing. Apart from cacti there are thirty to forty other plant families that contain succulents, with those of most horticultural interest being found in the Agavaceae, Asphodelaceae (= Aloacaeae), Apocynaceae (now including asclepids), Aizoaceae, Crassulaceae, Euphorbiaceae and scattered in other families such as the Passifloraceae, Pedaliaceae, Bromeliaceae and Liliaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribución Geográfica Y Estado De Conservación De Las Poblaciones De Mammillaria Pectinifera
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 942-952, 2014 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.36338 Distribución geográfica y estado de conservación de las poblaciones de Mammillaria pectinifera Geographic distribution and conservation status of Mammillaria pectinifera populations Edward M. Peters1, Santiago Arizaga2 , Carlos Martorell3, Rigel Zaragoza4 y Exequiel Ezcurra5 1Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Liga Periférico- Insurgentes Sur 4903, Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, 14010 México, D. F., México. 2Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Campus Morelia. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México. 3Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 México, D. F., México. 4Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex- Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México. 5Department of Botany and Plant Science. University of California-Riverside. 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA. [email protected] Resumen. Mammillaria pectinifera es un cacto amenazado y endémico del valle de Tehuacán. A mediados de la década de 1990 sólo se conocían 6 localidades con un número reducido de individuos, información que fue clave para proteger a la especie con instrumentos legales nacionales e internacionales. Para ampliar el conocimiento de la distribución geográfica y estado de conservación de esta especie, realizamos recorridos exploratorios en zonas ecológicas similares al de las poblaciones conocidas y, posteriormente, mediante un modelo predictivo de distribución geográfica.
    [Show full text]
  • Agave Albopilosa (Agavaceae, Subgenero Littaea, Grupo Striatae), Una Especie Nueva De La Sierra Madre Oriental En El Noreste De Mexico
    AGAVE ALBOPILOSA (AGAVACEAE, SUBGENERO LITTAEA, GRUPO STRIATAE), UNA ESPECIE NUEVA DE LA SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL EN EL NORESTE DE MEXICO Ismael Cabral Cordero 1, José Ángel Villarreal Quintanilla 2, Eduardo A. Estrada Castillón 1 1 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Apdo. postal 41, 67700 Linares, Nuevo León, México. [email protected] - [email protected] 2 Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departamento de Botánica, 25315 Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila, México. Resumen Sse propone como especie nueva a Agave albopilosa, un maguey pequeño rupícola del grupo striatae, de la sierra Madre oriental. Su característica más sobresaliente es un mechón circular de pelos blancos en la porción distal de las hojas, justo debajo de la espina terminal. Las flores son ligeramente campanuladas, similares a las de A. stricta, pero con lóbulos más cortos y también los frutos son más pequeños. Se incluye una ilustración de la planta y una clave para la separación de las especies del grupo. Palabras clave: Agavaceae, Agave albopilosa, México, Sierra Madre Oriental. Abstract Agave albopilosa is described as a new species. It is a small plant, among the agaves of the striatae group, growing in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Its most notorious feature is a ring of hairs near the end of the leaves, just below the terminal thorn. The flowers are characteristic of the group, more similar to the ones in A. stricta, slightly campanulate but with shorter lobes, and also a shorter fruit. An illustration and a key to separate the species of the group are provided. Key words: Agavaceae, Agave albopilosa, Mexico, Sierra Madre Oriental.
    [Show full text]
  • Agave Kavandivi (Agavaceae: Grupo Striatae), Una Especie Nueva De Oaxaca, México
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 1070-1076, 2013 1070 García-Mendoza y Chávez-Rendón.- AgaveDOI: 10.7550/rmb.35241 nueva de Oaxaca Agave kavandivi (Agavaceae: grupo Striatae), una especie nueva de Oaxaca, México Agave kavandivi (Agavaceae: group Striatae), a new species from Oaxaca, Mexico Abisaí Josué García-Mendoza1 y César Chávez-Rendón2 1Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Apartado postal 70-614, 04510 México, D. F., México. 2Jardín Etnobotánico de Oaxaca, Centro Cultural Santo Domingo, Apartado postal 367, 68000 Oaxaca, Oaxaca, México. [email protected] Resumen. Se describe e ilustra a Agave kavandivi de la Mixteca alta en el estado de Oaxaca, México. La nueva especie pertenece al subgénero Littaea (Tagliabue) Baker, grupo Striatae Baker. Se le compara con A. dasylirioides Jacobi et C. D. Bouché, A. stricta Salm-Dyck y A. rzedowskiana P. Carrillo, R. Vega et R. Delgad. Palabras clave: Agave, maguey, Mixteca alta, distrito de Tlaxiaco, endemismo. Abstract. Agave kavandivi from the Mixteca Alta region, state of Oaxaca, Mexico is described as new and illustrated. It belongs to subgenus Littaea (Tagliabue) Baker, group Striatae Baker. It is compared with A. dasylirioides Jacobi et C. D.Bouché, A. stricta Salm-Dyck and A. rzedowskiana P. Carrillo, R. Vega et R. Delgad. Key words: Agave, maguey, Mixteca Alta, District of Tlaxiaco, endemism. Introducción vista molecular está pobremente caracterizada. Chase et al. (2009) consideraron que con la finalidad de facilitar La familia Agavaceae Dumort. (sensu Dahlgren et al., la comunicación entre los diferentes especialistas y 1985) integrada por 9 géneros, es endémica de América. usuarios y con propósitos de enseñanza, sería conveniente Se distribuye desde el sur de Canadá hasta Bolivia y dividir Asparagaceae en 7 subfamilias.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Paper Commerce Saurabh Batwal* Gangadhar
    Original Research Paper Volume-8 | Issue-8 | August-2018 | PRINT ISSN No 2249-555X Commerce EX. SITU CONSERVATION OF CACTI AND SUCCULENTS OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE COLLEGE, RAHURI, BOTANIC GARDEN, RAHURI TEHSHIL DISTRICT - AHMEDNAGAR ( M.S.) Prashant Rohokale NewArts, Commerce and Science College, Parner. - 414 302 (M.S.) India Serum Institute of India Pvt Limited, Pune – 411 028 (M.S.) India *Corresponding Saurabh Batwal* Author Gangadhar 3Arts, Science and Commerce College, Rahuri-413 705 (M.S.) India Rohokale ABSTRACT Arts, Science and Commerce College, Rahuri (Ganesh Tekadi) of Rahuri tehasil encompass the geographical area (19.3927° N, 74.6488° E) of North-East Maharashtra, India. It represents a rare mixture of plants with various varieties. Entire area comes under region have deciduous forests with some invasive species. The present investigation is focused on planting and conserving the various cacti and succulents of this region. The study area is not favorable for plant growth because of very hard strata, This is an opportunity taken into consideration and college has developed large number of cacti and succulents and conserve them. The Ex. situ conservation of cacti and succulents have been conducted into different parts of world by various workers, 20,9,7,12,1,4,5,14,18,15,16. About 300 species of cactus and succulents were planted conserved and identified on the basis of there morphotaxonomy. In the present study total 184 species of cacti and 116 species of succulents belonging to 88 genera and 16 families were recorded. Thus efforts are made to increase and conserve the number of cacti and succulents in the present study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Agave Files Formerly Included in Hatch's Perennials Not Placed in the HIP System
    Copyright 2013, 2016, 2019, 2020. Laurence C. Hatch. All Reserved. This is a work in progress based on the Agave files formerly included in Hatch's Perennials not placed in the HIP system. It has two parts, the 2013 checklist of cultivar names in Agave and the full NOD II format encyclopedia with images towards the end of the file. This file will be revised and expanded over time but it already contains more cultivar descriptions than the majority of reference works and certainly more names at 637, exclusive of botanical taxa. x Mangave, the important hybrid genus now with more than 50 cultivated taxa will be added soon. New cultivars are being added to the encyclopedia but not the checklist, which serves as a historical document only. NOS Agave Cultivar and Trademarked Clone Checklist from HITS (House, Interior, Tropical, and Succulent) Plants (see cultivar.org) Version: 1.0 Copyright 2013. Laurence C. Hatch. All Rights Reserved. Extraction, reuse, or repurposing in whole or any part of this content is prohibited as is publication, sharing, or distribution by any means, method, or technology of more than 5% of this list is prohibited excelt by written permission of the author. All names are cultivars except those in 100% uppercase which are trademarked clones or strains, regardless of any annotations 1. Abrupta (americana) = A. abrupta -= A. americana subsp. americana var. expansa per modern taxonomists. However Trelease knew it as a cultivated taxon and there is some evidence it has very finely toothed margins like fine saw blades, quite unlike much material assigned to var.
    [Show full text]
  • AGAVACEAE Abisaí Josué García-Mendoza*
    FLORA DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN Fascículo 88. AGAVACEAE Abisaí Josué García-Mendoza* *Jardín Botánico Instituto de Biología INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGÍA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO 2011 Primera edición: 19 de septiembre de 2011 D.R. © 2011 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología. Departamento de Botánica ISBN 968-36-3108-8 Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán ISBN 978-607-02-2566-6 Fascículo 88 Este fascículo se publica gracias al apoyo económico recibido de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. Dirección del autor: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología 3er. Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510. México, D.F. 1 En la portada: 2 1. Mitrocereus fulviceps (cardón) 2. Beaucarnea purpusii (soyate) 3 4 3. Agave peacockii (maguey fibroso) 4. Agave stricta (gallinita) Dibujo de Elvia Esparza FLORA DEL VALLE DE TEHUACÁN-CUICATLÁN 88: 1-95. 2011 AGAVACEAE1 Dumort. Abisaí Josué García-Mendoza Bibliografía. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 161: 105-121. Bogler, D.J. & B.B. Simpson. 1995. A chloroplast DNA study of the Agavaceae. Syst. Bot. 20(2): 191-205. Bogler, D.J. & B.B. Simpson. 1996. Phylogeny of Agavaceae based on its rDNA sequence variation. Amer. J. Bot. 83(9): 1225-1235. Bogler, D.J., J.C. Pires & J. Francisco-Ortega. 2006. Phylogeny of Agavaceae based on ndhF, rbcL, and its sequences: Implications of molecular data for classifications. Aliso 22: 313- 328. Dahlgren, R.M.T., H.T.
    [Show full text]
  • Contractile Roots in Succulent Monocots: Convergence, Divergence and Adaptation to Limited Rainfall
    Plant, Cell and Environment (2008) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01832.x Contractile roots in succulent monocots: convergence, divergence and adaptation to limited rainfall GRETCHEN B. NORTH, ERIN K. BRINTON & TADAO Y. GARRETT Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA ABSTRACT (CRs), with a zone usually near the shoot base that is devel- opmentally and anatomically specialized to contract longi- Contractile roots (CRs) that pull shoots further down in the tudinally, appear to be likely candidates for convergence. soil are a possible example of convergent evolution in two They occur in diverse plant groups such as cycads, ferns, monocot families, the Agavaceae and the Asphodelaceae. dicotyledons and many monocotyledons, and in diverse life- The association between CRs, water uptake and habitat forms, including arborescent taxa and geophytes (Pütz 2002; aridity was investigated for agaves, yuccas and aloes by Jaffe & Leopold 2007). The habitats for plants with CRs assessing the occurrence of CRs and the amount of root vary from tropical to alpine, mesic to arid, although most contraction for glasshouse-grown plants with respect to have unfavourable seasons or periods characterized by cold mean annual rainfall of their native habitats. Structural fea- temperatures or drought (Pütz 2002). The diversity of the tures of CRs as well as root hydraulic conductance were plant groups and their habitats obscures possible similari- compared with those of non-contractile roots (NCRs). CRs ties in the functional responses of CRs to similar selective occurred in 55% of the 73 species examined, including 64% pressures that would point towards convergent evolution.
    [Show full text]