No of Latin name English name Family Usage hectads Adonis annua Pheasant’s-eye Ranunculaceae 40 W Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder Apiaceae 3187 C, M Aethusa cynapium Fool’s parsley Apiaceae 61 W subsp. agrestis Agrostemma githago Corncockle Caryophyllaceae 396 W Agrostis gigantea Black bent Poaceae 1536 W Alcea rosea Hollyhock Malvaceae 466 ?M, O Allium ampeloprasum Wild leek Amaryllidaceae 110 C Allium cepa Onion Amaryllidaceae 65 C Allium porrum Leek Amaryllidaceae 31 C Allium sativum Garlic Amaryllidaceae 12 C, M Alopecurus myosuroides Black-grass Poaceae 1012 W Anagallis arvensis Blue pimpernel Primulaceae 71 M, W subsp. foemina Anchusa arvensis Bugloss Boraginaceae 1216 W Anethum graveolens Dill Apiaceae 30 C, M Anisantha sterilis Barren brome Poaceae 2023 W Anthemis arvensis Corn chamomile Asteraceae 305 W Anthemis cotula Stinking chamomile Asteraceae 642 W Anthriscus cerefolium Garden chervil Apiaceae 18 C, M Apera spica-venti Loose silky-bent Poaceae 175 W Arctium lappa Greater burdock Asteraceae 912 C, M Armoracia rusticana Horse-radish Brassicaceae 1502 C, M Arnoseris minima Lamb’s succory Asteraceae 0 W Artemisia absinthium Wormwood Asteraceae 640 M Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Asteraceae 2246 C, M Asparagus officinalis Garden asparagus Asparagaceae 544 C, M Atriplex hortensis Garden orache Chenopodiaceae 114 C, M Avena fatua Wild-oat Poaceae 1641 W Avena sativa Oat Poaceae 1130 C Avena strigosa Bristle oat Poaceae 53 C Ballota nigra Black horehound Lamiaceae 1299 M, W Borago officinalis Borage Boraginaceae 880 C, M Brassica rapa Wild turnip Brassicaceae 263 C, W subsp. campestris Brassica rapa subsp. rapa Turnip Brassicaceae 50 C Briza minor Lesser quaking-grass Poaceae 69 W Bromus secalinus Rye brome Poaceae 313 C, W Bupleurum rotundifolium Thorow-wax Apiaceae 24 W Calendula officinalis Pot marigold Asteraceae 837 M, O W, fibre, Camelina sativa Gold-of-pleasure Brassicaceae 84 oil Campanula rapunculus Rampion bellflower Campanulaceae 19 C, O M, fibre, Cannabis sativa Hemp Cannabaceae 228 oil Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s-purse Brassicaceae 3368 C, M, W Carum carvi Caraway Apiaceae 60 C, M C, M, Castanea sativa Sweet chestnut Fagaceae 1752 wood Caucalis platycarpos Small bur-parsley Apiaceae 0 W Centaurea calcitrapa Red star-thistle Asteraceae 16 ?W Centaurea cyanus Cornflower Asteraceae 668 M, W Chaenorhinum minus Small toadflax Veronicaceae 1220 W Chelidonium majus Greater celandine Papaveraceae 1649 M Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good-King-Henry Chenopodiaceae 774 C Chenopodium ficifolium Fig-leaved goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 824 W Chenopodium glaucum Oak-leaved goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 70 W Chenopodium hybridum Maple-leaved goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 172 W Chenopodium murale Nettle-leaved goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 159 W Chenopodium polyspermum Many-seeded goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 957 W Chenopodium urbicum Upright goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 20 W Chenopodium vulvaria Stinking goosefoot Chenopodiaceae 22 W Cicer arietinum Chick pea Fabaceae 9 C Cichorium intybus Chicory Asteraceae 891 C, M Conium maculatum Hemlock Apiaceae 2066 M, W Coriandrum sativum Coriander Apiaceae 101 C, M Crepis foetida Stinking hawk’s-beard Asteraceae 3 W Cuminum cyminum Cumin Apiaceae 2 C Descurainia sophia Flixweed Brassicaceae 370 W Diplotaxis tenuifolia Perennial wall-rocket Brassicaceae 447 C, W Echium plantagineum Purple viper’s-bugloss Boraginaceae 84 C, M O, ?W, Erodium moschatum Musk stork’s-bill Geraniaceae 284 scent Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa Garden rocket Brassicaceae 86 C Eryngium campestre Field eryngo Apiaceae 14 M Erysimum cheiranthoides Treacle-mustard Brassicaceae 697 W M, O, Erysimum cheiri Wallflower Brassicaceae 903 scent Euphorbia exigua Dwarf spurge Euphorbiaceae 731 W Euphorbia helioscopia Sun spurge Euphorbiaceae 2420 W Euphorbia lathyris Caper spurge Euphorbiaceae 997 M, O Euphorbia peplus Petty spurge Euphorbiaceae 2237 W Euphorbia platyphyllos Broad-leaved spurge Euphorbiaceae 194 W Fallopia convolvulus Black-bindweed Polygonaceae 2154 W Filago gallica Small cudweed Asteraceae 8 W Filago pyramidata Broad-leaved cudweed Asteraceae 19 W Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Apiaceae 1031 C, M, O

Fumaria densiflora Dense-flowered fumitory Papaveraceae 204 W Fumaria officinalis 647 Common fumitory Papaveraceae M, W subsp. officinalis (2020)* Fumaria officinalis Common fumitory Papaveraceae 299 M, W subsp. wirtgenii Fumaria parviflora Fine-leaved fumitory Papaveraceae 70 W Fumaria vaillantii Few-flowered fumitory Papaveraceae 69 W Galeopsis angustifolia Red hemp-nettle Lamiaceae 125 W Galeopsis segetum Downy hemp-nettle Lamiaceae 0 M, W Large-flowered Galeopsis speciosa Lamiaceae 516 W hemp-nettle Galium tricornutum Corn cleavers Rubiaceae 15 W Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved crane’s-bill Geraniaceae 2829 W Glebionis segetum Corn marigold Asteraceae 1344 W Helminthotheca echioides Bristly oxtongue Asteraceae 1238 W Hordeum distichon Two-rowed barley Poaceae 978 C Hordeum murinum Wall barley Poaceae 1459 W subsp. murinum Hordeum vulgare Six-rowed barley Poaceae 311 C Hyoscyamus niger Henbane Solanaceae 363 M Imperatoria ostruthium Masterwort Apiaceae 108 M Inula helenium Elecampane Asteraceae 392 M, O Isatis tinctoria Woad Brassicaceae 49 Dye C, M, Juglans regia Walnut Juglandaceae 883 wood Kickxia elatine Sharp-leaved fluellen Veronicaceae 796 W Kickxia spuria Round-leaved fluellen Veronicaceae 516 W Lactuca sativa Garden lettuce Asteraceae 31 C Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce Asteraceae 1133 M, W Lamium album White dead-nettle Lamiaceae 1911 C, M, W Lamium amplexicaule Henbit dead-nettle Lamiaceae 1205 W Lamium confertum Northern dead-nettle Lamiaceae 257 W Cut-leaved Lamium hybridum Lamiaceae 1272 W dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red dead-nettle Lamiaceae 2874 W Legousia hybrida Venus’s-looking-glass Campanulaceae 335 W Lens culinaris Lentil Fabaceae 10 C Lepidium campestre Field pepperwort Brassicaceae 553 C, W Lepidium coronopus Swine-cress Brassicaceae 1327 W Narrow-leaved Lepidium ruderale Brassicaceae 353 W pepperwort Lepidium sativum Garden cress Brassicaceae 137 C Linaria repens Pale toadflax Veronicaceae 554 W M, fibre, Linum usitatissimum Flax Linaceae 959 oil Lithospermum arvense Field gromwell Boraginaceae 240 W Lolium temulentum Darnel Poaceae 20 W Lythrum hyssopifolia Grass-poly Lythraceae 24 W C, M, Malus pumila Apple 2060 wood Malva neglecta Dwarf mallow Malvaceae 990 C, M, W C, M, O, Malva sylvestris Common mallow Malvaceae 1972 W Matricaria chamomilla Scented mayweed Asteraceae 1552 M, W M, W, Melilotus altissimus Tall melilot Fabaceae 1023 fodder Mentha spicata Spear mint Lamiaceae 1414 C, M Mercurialis annua Annual mercury Euphorbiaceae 763 M, W Mespilus germanica Medlar Rosaceae 80 C Misopates orontium Weasel’s-snout Veronicaceae 305 W Myosotis arvensis Field forget-me-not Boraginaceae 3070 W Nepeta cataria Cat-mint Lamiaceae 221 M C, M, O, Onopordon acanthium Cotton thistle Asteraceae 612 W Papaver argemone Prickly poppy Papaveraceae 423 W Papaver dubium Long-headed poppy Papaveraceae 1944 W Papaver hybridum Rough poppy Papaveraceae 198 W Papaver lecoqii Yellow-juiced poppy Papaveraceae 496 W Papaver rhoeas Common poppy Papaveraceae 1906 M, O, W Papaver somniferum C, M, O, Opium poppy Papaveraceae 1810 W, oil Opium poppy Papaveraceae 1810 subsp. somniferum W, oil Petroselinum crispum Garden parsley Apiaceae 245 C, M Pisum sativum Garden pea Fabaceae 157 C Polygonum arenastrum Equal-leaved knotgrass Polygonaceae 2445 M, W Polygonum rurivagum Cornfield knotgrass Polygonaceae 257 W Portulaca oleracea Common purslane Portulacaceae 44 C cerasus Dwarf cherry Rosaceae 599 C 451 Rosaceae C subsp. domestica (1859)* Prunus domestica , Rosaceae 447 C subsp. insititia Prunus domestica Greengage Rosaceae 55 C subsp. italica Pyrus communis Pear Rosaceae 687 C, wood Pyrus pyraster Wild pear Rosaceae 132 C Ranunculus arvensis Corn buttercup Ranunculaceae 216 W Raphanus raphanistrum Wild radish Brassicaceae 1238 C, W subsp. raphanistrum Raphanus sativus Garden radish Brassicaceae 167 C Reseda luteola Weld Resedaceae 1992 Dye Roemeria hybrida Violet horned-poppy Papaveraceae 0 W Rumex alpinus Monk’s rhubarb Polygonaceae 119 M M, O, Salix alba White willow Salicaceae 1991 wood Salix alba x S. euxina M, O, Crack-willow Salicaceae 2338 #NAME? wood Salix triandra Almond willow Salicaceae 671 O, withy Salix triandra x S. viminalis Biomass, Sharp-stipuled willow Salicaceae 120 #NAME? withy Salix viminalis Osier Salicaceae 2685 Withy Sambucus ebulus Dwarf elder Caprifoliaceae 366 M, dye M, O, Saponaria officinalis Soapwort Caryophyllaceae 1219 soap Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd’s-needle Apiaceae 224 W Secale cereale Rye Poaceae 139 C Sedum album White stonecrop Crassulaceae 2025 ?M, O Silene gallica Small-flowered catchfly Caryophyllaceae 134 W Silene latifolia subsp. alba White campion Caryophyllaceae 1901 W Silene noctiflora Night-flowering catchfly Caryophyllaceae 300 W Silybum marianum Milk thistle Asteraceae 326 M, O, W Sinapis alba subsp. alba White mustard Brassicaceae 799 C, W Sinapis arvensis Charlock Brassicaceae 2627 C, W Sisymbrium officinale Hedge mustard Brassicaceae 2676 C, M, W Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Apiaceae 1110 C Spinacia oleracea Spinach Chenopodiaceae 31 C Stachys arvensis Field woundwort Lamiaceae 1074 W Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Asteraceae 2343 M, O Thlaspi arvense Field penny-cress Brassicaceae 1548 C, W Spreading Torilis arvensis Apiaceae 119 W hedge-parsley Trigonella foenum-graecum Fenugreek Fabaceae 10 C, M Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless mayweed Asteraceae 2601 W Triticum aestivum Bread wheat Poaceae 1244 C Triticum species (T. dicoccon , T. compactum , Primitive wheats Poaceae 3 C T. monococcum , T. spelta ) Urtica urens Small nettle Urticaceae 1742 C, M, W Valerianella carinata Keeled-fruited cornsalad Valerianaceae 729 ?C, W

Valerianella dentata Narrow-fruited cornsalad Valerianaceae 231 W

Valerianella rimosa Broad-fruited cornsalad Valerianaceae 25 W Verbena officinalis Vervain Verbenaceae 726 M, W Veronica agrestis Green field-speedwell Veronicaceae 1383 W Veronica hederifolia subsp. Ivy-leaved speedwell Veronicaceae 1383 W Ivy-leaved speedwell Veronicaceae 1383 W lucorum Veronica hederifolia subsp. 1408 Veronicaceae W hederifolia (1924)* Veronica triphyllos Fingered speedwell Veronicaceae 4 W Vicia faba Broad bean Fabaceae 577 C, fodder Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common vetch Fabaceae 855† Fodder Fodder, Vicia sativa subsp. segetalis Common vetch Fabaceae 1630 W Vinca minor Lesser periwinkle Apocynaceae 1358 M, O Viola arvensis Field pansy Violaceae 2116 ?M, W Vitis vinifera Grape-vine Vitaceae 144 C Vulpia myuros Rat’s-tail fescue Poaceae 1129 W