To Build a City in Africa a HISTORY and a MANUAL
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A HISTORY AND MANUAL in Africa City Build a To To Build a City in Africa A HISTORY AND A MANUAL Edited by Rachel Keeton & Michelle Provoost International New Town Institute nai010 publishers To Build a City in Africa A History and a Manual 2 - To Build A City In Africa Marrakesh Marrakesh King Mohammed VI Green City Ville Verte MohammedTamansourt VI Tamesna TamansourtSahel Lakhyata Tamesna Sahel Lakhyayta Cherafate Cansado Tagadirt CherafateAlgiers Cansado Tagadirt ZenataAlgiers ZenataBoughezoul Nouakchott New Town BoughezoulSidi Abdellah Nouakchott New Town Sidi AbdellahBouinan New Diamniadio Bouinan New Diamniadio Draa Errich Ali MendeliDraa Errich Ali MendeliBourouag TunisiaBourouag Economic City HassiTunisia Messaoud Economic City Hassi Messaoud West Benghazi New Town Hope City Yamoussoukro West Benghazi New Town HopeNingoprampram City Yamoussoukro Ras Lanuf Ningo-Prampram Akwaba City Ras NewLanuf Brega King City AccraAkwaba City Marsa el Brega Beida King BrownsvilleCity Accra New Brega BrownsvilleAppolonia New Bussa Appolonia WellNew Being Bussa City Cyber City Well Being OranmiyanCity POLICY Cyber CityTema New Borg Al Arab Tema Oranmiyan Abua New BorgNew Al NubariyaArab Decentralization city Festac Town Abua Land of Honey New Nubariya Capital city LekkiFestac New Town City Lagos Land ofJigna Honey City 10th of Ramadan Commercial city Eko-AtlanticLekki Lagos Anam CityJigna 10th of Ramadan Eco-city AnamOwerri City AbuaCentenary City 15th of May Iberekodo IndustrialEko-Atlantic Town Owerri AbuaCentenary City New Minya 15th of6th May of October Smart city Iberekodo IndustrialEgbin Tech Town Park Sipopo NewNew Minya Sohag 6th of OctoberSadat City Industrial city Egbin TechMitros Park City New Sohag Apartheid city Sipopo New Tiba Sadat CityNew Damietta Mitros City Kribi New Tiba New Damietta Resort city Expu Gonga Kribi New Aswan New Salhiya Oyala New Capital New Aswan New SalhiyaAl Badr Expu Gonga Oyala New Capital SIZE Angonde Al BadrAl Obour < 30.000 Angonde CairoAl Obour Luanda Cairo ToNew Beni Suif Build 30.000 < > 100.000 Cazenga Luanda New BeniEl Shorouk Suif 100.000 < > 1.000.000 Nova Vida Medinat Al-Nour El Shorouk Nova Vida Sheikh Zayed > 1.000.000 Zango MedinatTuti Al-Nour Island Sheikh Zayed 1960 - 1969 QuilometroZango 44 Kintele Tuti Island New Cairo Quilometro 44 Al Mogran Development Proect NewNew Cairo Fayoum Kilamba City KinteleLa Cité du Fleuve Al Mogran Development Proect aNew FayoumCity in KilambaCacuacoUige La Cité du Fleuve New Assuit Cacuaco Quilomoço NewNew Assuit Akhmim Quilomoço NewNew Akhmim Qena 1970 - 1979 New Qena Capari Buranest Wedian City / New Capital Nova CaálaCidade de Capari BuraNEST WedianMadinaty City / New Capital Nova LossamboCaála Dundo Madinaty Lossambo EthiopianDundo International Industrial and Logistics City 1980 - 1989 Bié ProvinceEthiopian International Industrial and Logistics City Al Noor City Kakungulu Turkana Resort CityAl Noor City Akright City Turkana Resort City Africa Cuito Migaa Tatu City A HISTORY AND A MANUAL 1990 - 1999 Arandis Kalumbila Kiswishi SafariMigaa City Tatu City Arandis KalumbilaKabitakaKiswishiLuano City Isiolo Resort City Luano CitySafari City Isiolo Resort City Sungate Usa River Satellite City Konza Tech City Sungate Usa River Satellite City Konza ThikaTech GreensCity 2000 - 2009 Lusaka Dodoma RomaDodoma Park Lamu Resort CityThika CyberGreens City OrapaKafueKafueLusaka Lamu Resort City Cyber MachakosCity New City Machakos New City OrapaNew Capital City Lilongwe Transport New Town JwanengNew Capital City TransportAmboseli New TownNew Town 2010 - Selebi-Phikwe Lilongwe Amboseli New Town JwanengGaborone Selebi-Phikwe Dar esKigamboni Salaam Sports City Gaborone Palma Natural Gas TownDar esKigamboni SalaamSalama CreekSports CityNewtown Salama Creek MenlynPalma NaturalMaine Gas Town NewtownNairobiAerotroplis Mitchells Plain Ennerdale NairobiAerotroplisKnowledge & Health City MitchellsCape Town Plain Ennerdale Knowledge & Health City Cape TownAtlantis Secunda Northlands AtlantisKhayelitsha SecundaWaterfall City Northlands Khayelitsha Wescape WaterfallJohannesburgCosmo City City Ile Perseverance Wescape JohannesburgCosmoLanseria City Airport City Ile Perseverance LanseriaSteyn Airport City City Steyn CityModderfontein ModderfonteinHazeldean Hazeldean Jinfei Ebene CyberJinfei City Ebene Cyber City Rachel Keeton & MichelleEdited Provoost by International New Town Institute nai010 publishers 4 - To Build A City In Africa 5 - To Build A City In Africa Editors: Rachel Keeton, Michelle Provoost Copy editing: Gilles Provoost Graphic design and cartography: Ewout Dorman (Crimson Historians and Urbanists) Printing: Wilco Art Books, Amersfoort Paper: Condat Matt Perigord Production: Milou van Lieshout, nai010 publishers Introduction Publisher: nai010 publishers 21 To Build a City in Africa, Rachel Keeton & Michelle Provoost 48 Debunking Myths about African Urbanisation, Edgar Pieterse This publication was made possible by financial support from the Creative Industries Fund NL, the EFL Foundation and UN-Habitat. PART I An Atlas The presentation of the material in this report does not imply the expression 57 An Atlas of any opinion from UN-Habitat concerning the legal status of any countries, 92 City Passports territory or city, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not reflect PART II A Manual the views of UN-Habitat or its Governing Council. 142 A Manual PART III A History © 2019 nai010 publishers, Rotterdam. nai010 books are available 199 Case study - Tema, Ghana, Michelle Provoost All rights reserved. No part of this internationally at selected 238 Essay - Mitchell’s Plain: The Translation of a British Urban Planning publication may be reproduced, stored bookstores and from the following in a retrieval system, or transmitted in distribution partners: Model to South Africa’s Apartheid New Town, Anne Erdl any form or by any means, electronic, 255 Case study - 10th of Ramadan, Egypt, Rachel Keeton mechanical, photocopying, recording North, Central and South America 280 Interview - David Sims, Economist and Urban Planner or otherwise, without the prior written - Artbook | D.A.P., New York, 297 Case study - Sheikh Zayed City, Egypt, Rachel Keeton permission of the publisher. USA, [email protected] 322 Interview - Preston Mendenhall, Developer and Executive Vice For works of visual artists affiliated with Rest of the world - Idea Books, President of Rendeavour a CISAC-organization the copyrights Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 329 Case study - Kilamba, Angola, Rachel Keeton have been settled with Pictoright in [email protected] 354 Interview - Israel Marques, Mayor of Cidade do Kilamba, Angola Amsterdam. 363 Case study - BuraNEST, Ethiopia, Rachel Keeton © 2019, c/o Pictoright Amsterdam For general questions, please contact nai010 publishers directly 388 Interview - Fasil Giorghis and Zegeye Cherenet, members of the Although every effort was made to at [email protected] or visit our NESTown Group, Anteneh Tesfaye Tola find the copyright holders for the website www.nai010.com for 396 Essay - New Towns, Old Places: Four Lessons from Konza Techno City, illustrations used, it has not been further information. Kenya, Femke van Noorloos, Diky Avianto possible to trace them all. Interested 406 Interview - Gareth Edwards, Urban Designer and Planner at SOM parties are requested to contact nai010 Printed and bound in the publishers, Korte Hoogstraat 31, 3011 Netherlands 410 Essay - Affordable, Available, Accessible and Acceptable Housing in GK Rotterdam, the Netherlands. African New Towns, Alonso Ayala, Maartje van Eerd, Ellen Geurts ISBN 978-94-6208-392-9 nai010 publishers is an internationally orientated publisher specialised in NUR 648 419 Selected Bibliography developing, producing and distributing BISAC ARC010000, SOC026030, books in the fields of architecture, POL002000 426 Contributors urbanism, art and design. 427 Acknowledgements www.nai010.com Also available as: To Build a City in Africa (e-book) ISBN 978-94-6208-409-4 EFL STICHTING 396 - To Build A City In Africa 397 - Essay | New Towns, Old Places: Four Lessons from Konza Techno City, Kenya 2 Van Noorloos, F. and Kloosterboer, 1 For further reading on these issues New Towns, that is often overlooked is how to deal with pre-existing and surrounding M. (2017). see: Cirolia, L.R. (2014) ‘(W) Escaping populations of the spaces where New Towns are planned, their access and 3 Ibid. the Challenges of the City: a Critique Old Places: rights to resources such as land and water, and how they can benefit or 4 The notion of informality is critically of Cape Town’s Proposed Satellite lose from the wide array of new developments surrounding New Towns. debated and all but straightforward, Town’, Urban Forum 25: 295-312. And: Four Lessons from see for example: Roy, A. (2005) ‘Urban Grant, R. (2015) ‘Sustainable African Against the background of increasing land scarcity and global struggles Informality: Toward an Epistemology Urban Futures. Stocktaking and Critical Konza Techno City, over land rights, this problem raises concern, particularly given the of Planning’, Journal of the American Reflection on Proposed Urban Projects’, large-scale and enclave character of many of the recently planned and Planning Association 71(2): 147-158. American Behavioral Scientist 59(3): 294- Kenya announced New Towns in Africa. Indeed, the scale of the projected 5 Murray, M. (2015). 310. Also: Murray,