CLIENT NAME ARIAL 12 WHITE BOLD ALL CAPS

1.5 LINE SPACING

PROJECT NAME REQUIREMENT – EG TENDER, REQUEST

FOR PROPOSAL

BUSINESS UNIT / DIVISION – EG BUREAU VERITAS HS&E LTD

DATE

Fourth Round Updating and Screening Assessment Of Air Quality for Council

APRIL 2009

Braintree District Council Environmental Protection Bocking End Braintree CM7 9HB Tel 01376 552525

1.1 Acknowledgements

Braintree District Council’s Environmental Protection section has completed this report with the assistance of Bureau Veritas Bureau Veritas UK Limited, Registered Office: Tower Bridge Court, 224-226, Tower Bridge Road, London. SE1 2TX and Essex County Council Environmental Strategy Department.

Braintree District Council accepts the conclusion of the report and any comments in respect of this report should be directed to [email protected] or Pam Sharp on tel 01376 551414 or fax 01376 557767. The Head of Service for Environmental Services is Lee Crabb ([email protected])

Address for any postal correspondence is Environmental Protection, Braintree District Council, Causeway House, Bocking End, Braintree, Essex, CM7 9HB.

Bureau Veritas was appointed by the Essex Air Quality Consortium for the purpose of producing an updating and screening assessment report of local air quality as required by DEFRA for a majority of Essex local authorities

BVHSE001R1

Braintree District Council Environmental Protection Bocking End Braintree Essex CM7 9HB Tel 01376 552525

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... i LIST OF TABLES ...... iii LIST OF FIGURES ...... iii Executive Summary ...... 4 1 Introduction ...... 5 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area ...... 5 1.2 Purpose of Report ...... 5 1.3 Air Quality Objectives ...... 6 1.4 Local Air Quality Management ...... 8 1.5 Summary of Review and Assessment Undertaken by Braintree District Council ...... 8 2 Updating and Screening Assessment Methodology ...... 9 2.1 Input Data ...... 11 2.1.1 Traffic Data ...... 11 2.1.2 Background Concentrations ...... 11 3 New Monitoring Data ...... 12 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 12 3.1.1 Non-Automatic Monitoring Data ...... 14 3.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives ...... 15 3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide ...... 15 4 Road Traffic Sources ...... 17 4.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb ...... 17 4.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic ...... 17 4.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or Heavy Goods Vehicles ...... 17 4.4 Junctions ...... 18 4.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment ...... 18 4.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic ...... 18 4.7 Bus and Coach Stations ...... 18 5 Other Transport Sources ...... 19 5.1 Airports ...... 19 5.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains) ...... 19 5.2.1 Stationary Trains ...... 19 5.2.2 Moving Trains ...... 19 5.3 Ports (Shipping) ...... 19 6 Industrial Sources ...... 20 6.1 Industrial Installations ...... 20 6.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has Been Carried Out ..... 20 6.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions Have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has Been Introduced ...... 20 6.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment ...... 20

6.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots ...... 21 6.3 Petrol Stations ...... 21 6.4 Poultry Farms ...... 21 7 Commercial and Domestic Sources ...... 22 7.1 Biomass Combustion ...... 22 7.1.1 Biomass Combustion - Individual Installations ...... 22

7.1.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts (PM10 Emissions) ...... 22 7.2 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning (Sulphur Dioxide Emissions) ...... 22 8 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources ...... 23 9 Conclusions and Proposed Actions ...... 24 9.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data ...... 24 9.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources ...... 24 9.2.1 Road Sources ...... 24 9.2.2 Other Sources ...... 24 9.3 Proposed Actions ...... 24 10 References ...... 24 APPENDICES ...... 26 Appendix 1 - Traffic Data ...... 26 Appendix 2 - Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Results 2008 ...... 30 Appendix 3 - DMRB Air Quality Assessment Inputs ...... 31 Appendix 4 - DMRB Air Quality Assessment Results ...... 32 Appendix 5 - List of Industrial Processes ...... 33

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 – Air Quality Objectives Included in the Air Quality Regulations for the Purpose of Local Air Quality Management ...... 7 Table 2 – Summary of Emission Sources and Relevant Pollutants to be Considered as Part of the Updating and Screening Assessment ...... 10 Table 3 – Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 14 Table 4 – Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (µg/m3) ...... 16

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 – Air Quality Monitoring Locations in Braintree, 2008 ...... 13

BRAINTREE DISTRICT COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009

Executive Summary Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to review and assess the air quality within their area and take account of Government Guidance when undertaking such work. The Updating and Screening Assessment provides an update with respect to air quality issues within the district. There have been a number of changes since the last (third) round of review and assessments which have been taken into account in this assessment; including revised Local Air Quality Management Guidance, modelled background concentration maps, updated NOX:NO2 conversion calculator, updated future year calculation tools and updates on specific sources (rail, poultry farms, biomass). The USA has included consideration of new monitoring data and emissions sources, in addition to any significant changes to existing emission sources identified in the previous rounds. The Updating and Screening Assessment considers the seven priority health based air quality objectives as laid down in Regulations and assesses the likelihood that the air quality objectives will be met by their target dates. If the air quality objectives are unlikely to be met, a detailed assessment will be required. The Updating and Screening Assessment has concluded that no Detailed Assessment is required for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, lead, particles, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. The Updating and Screening Assessment review of 2008 monitoring data shows one exceedence of the nitrogen dioxide annual mean objective at Hatfield Peveral adjacent to the A12. The site is not at a position representative of a sensitive receptor position. The single diffusion tube data indicates a significant increase in nitrogen dioxide levels in the past year. Braintree District Council will, (subject to monitoring sites being safe and accessible) undertake additional diffusion tube monitoring alongside the A12 to better assess the need to proceed to a detailed assessment for annual mean nitrogen dioxide. Results will be reported in 2010 along with data for new NO2 diffusion tube locations in Braintree Town Centre and alongside the A120 introduced February 2009. Braintree District Council considered one narrow congested street with properties within 2m of the road – High Street, Kelvedon. The road has been assessed using the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges air quality model. Model results suggest that the annual mean objective will be met on High Street (30.3µg/m3). Braintree District Council operate one nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring site on High Street in Kelevdon. Monitoring results for 2008 at this site indicate that the nitrogen dioxide annual mean objective will be met (34.1µg/m3). Summary Table

Detailed Pollutant Assessment Sources/Location Required?

Benzene No

1, 3 - butadiene No

Carbon monoxide No

Lead No

Install additional NO2 monitoring in Hatfield Nitrogen dioxide No Peveral at the A12

Particulate Matter (PM10) No

Sulphur dioxide No

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BRAINTREE DISTRICT COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009

2 Introduction

2.1 Description of Local Authority Area Braintree is a largely rural district and has the second largest geographical area in Essex, covering 612 square kilometres. Just over half of the population lives in one of the three main towns of Braintree, Halstead and Witham. The main administrative centre is the market town of Braintree. The main sources of air pollution in Braintree are busy roads, such as the A12 and A120. There are 76 industrial processes that are permitted by the Council.

2.2 Purpose of Report This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for , Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. The following information has been considered within this assessment: . Relevant legislative background . Braintree District Council Review and Assessment of air quality under the LAQM regime . Traffic data provided by Essex County Council; for the purposes of the USA, the Highways Agency’s DMRB1 air quality model has been used to assess traffic data . Industrial, domestic and other non-traffic related source data provided by Braintree District Council . Monitoring data for 2008 provided by Braintree District Council . Defra maps of modelled background pollutant concentrations . Technical guidance and tools provided by Defra2 This report sets out the relevant air quality legislation for air quality, provides a review of LAQM within the administrative area, assesses the air quality for all relevant sources and then summarises the findings of the assessment and potential need for further detailed assessment work.

1 Highways Agency’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1 Air Quality, May 2007, and accompanying spreadsheet DMRB Screening Method V1,03.xls. July 2007 2 Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). February 2009. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland

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2.3 Air Quality Objectives The significance of existing and future pollutant levels are assessed in relation to the national air quality standards and objectives, established by Government. The revised Air Quality Strategy (AQS)3 for the UK (released in July 2007) provides the over-arching strategic framework for air quality in the UK and contains national air quality standards and objectives established by the UK Government and devolved administrations to protect human health. The air quality objectives incorporated in the AQS and the UK Legislation are derived from the Limit Values prescribed in the EU Directives transposed into national legislation by member states. The Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) programme was initiated in the late 1990s to draw together previous directives into a single EU Directive on air quality. The Directive 2008/50/EC4 introduces new obligatory standards for PM2.5 for Government but places no statutory duty on local Government to work towards achievement. The Air Quality Standards (England) Regulations 20075 came into force on 15th February 2007 in order to align and bring together in one statutory instrument the Governments obligations to fulfil the requirements of the CAFE Directive. The objectives for ten pollutants (benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulates (PM10 and PM2.5), ozone and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)) have been prescribed within the Air Quality Strategy3 based on The Air Quality Standards (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002. This assessment focuses on those pollutants included in Air Quality Standards (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 for the purpose of LAQM, in respect of pollutant sources affecting air quality within the Council’s administrative area. The objectives set out in the AQS for these pollutants are presented in Table 1. The UK Government and the Devolved Administrations have also set new national air quality objectives for PM2.5. These objectives have not been incorporated into LAQM Regulations, and authorities have no statutory obligation to review and assess air quality against them. The locations where the AQS objectives apply are defined in the AQS as locations outside buildings or other natural or man-made structures above or below ground where members of the public are regularly present and might reasonably be expected to be exposed [to pollutant concentrations] over the relevant averaging period of the AQS objective. Typically these include residential properties and schools/care homes for longer period (i.e. annual mean) pollutant objectives and high streets for short-term (i.e. 1-hour) pollutant objectives.

3 The Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (2007), Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland 4 Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 5 The Air Quality Standards Regulations 2007, Statutory Instrument No 64, The Stationary Office Limited

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Table 1 – Air Quality Objectives Included in the Air Quality Regulations for the Purpose of Local Air Quality Management Date to be Concentration Achieved Pollutant Objective Measured As By and Maintained Thereafter

Benzene running annual 16.25 μg/m3 31.12.2003 All authorities mean

Authorities in England and Wales 5.00 μg/m3 annual mean 31.12.2010 only 1,3 Butadiene 3 running annual 2.25 μg/m 31.12.2003 All authorities mean Carbon monoxide maximum daily Authorities in 3 10.0 μg/m running 8-hour 31.12.2003 England, Wales and mean Northern Ireland only 0.5 μg/m3 annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead All authorities 0.25 μg/m3 annual mean 31.12.2008 200 µg/m3, not to be exceeded hourly mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide a more than 18 times a year All authorities 40 µg/m3 annual mean 31.12.2005 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded Particles (PM ) 24 hour mean 31.12.2004 10 more than 35 times a year (gravimetric) b All authorities 40 µg/m3 annual mean 31.12.2004 350 μg/m3 not to be exceeded 1 hour mean 31.12.2004 more than 24 times a year Sulphur dioxide 125 μg/m3 not to be exceeded All authorities 24 hour mean 31.12.2004 more than 3 times a year

266 μg/m3 not to be exceeded 15 minute mean 31.12.2005 more than 35 times a year a EU Limit values in respect of nitrogen dioxide to be achieved by 1st January 2010. There are, in addition, separate EU limit values for carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, lead and PM10, to be achieved by 2005, and benzene by 2010. b Measured using the European gravimetric transfer sampler or equivalent.

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BRAINTREE DISTRICT COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009

2.4 Local Air Quality Management As established by the Environment Act 1995 Part IV, all local authorities in the UK are under a statutory duty to undertake an air quality assessment within their area and determine whether they are likely to meet the air quality objectives set down by Government for a number of pollutants. The process of review and assessment of air quality undertaken by local authorities is set out under the LAQM regime and involves a phased three yearly assessment of local air quality. Where the results of the review and assessment process highlight that problems in the attainment of health-based objectives for air quality will arise, the authority is required to declare an AQMA – a geographic area defined by high levels of pollution and exceedences of health-based standards. The LAQM regime was first set down in the 1997 National Air Quality Strategy (NAQS)6 and introduced the idea of local authority ‘Review and Assessment’. The Government subsequently published policy and technical guidance related to the review and assessment processes in 1998. This guidance has since been reviewed and the latest documents include Policy Guidance (LAQM.PG (09))7 and Technical Guidance (LAQM.TG (09))8. The guidance lays down a progressive, but continuous, framework for the local authorities to carry out their statutory duties to monitor, assess and review air quality in their area and produce action plans to meet the air quality objectives. Defra and the Devolved Administrations released the latest Policy and Technical Guidance in February 2009, in anticipation of the fourth round of review and assessment. The fourth round begins with this USA, required to be completed by local authorities by the end of April 2009, and builds upon the Council’s previous work in the first three rounds.

2.5 Summary of Review and Assessment Undertaken by Braintree District Council Braintree District Council undertook its First Round of review and assessment, including Stage 1, 2 and 3 reports, between 1999 – 2001. The main air quality issues were found to be emissions of NO2 and PM10 from vehicles on the A12 and A120. It was predicted that all of the air quality objectives would be achieved and that it was therefore not necessary to declare any AQMA for any pollutant. The second round of Review and Assessment was undertaken between 2003 and 2005. The 2003 USA considered the seven LAQM pollutants and found that the AQS objectives would be met by the target dates. It was however recommended that the Council expand its diffusion tube monitoring programme to include the nearest receptors to the A12, to confirm the USA findings for NO2. The 2005 Progress Report (Braintree, 2005) showed that the Council was still meeting the AQS objectives. NO2 and PM10 monitored concentration levels were found to be high as expected at a site immediately adjacent to the A12 in Hatfield Peverel but there is no relevant exposure at this site. The third round USA was completed in 2006 and revisited the results of previous assessments to determine whether there were any areas of concern for air quality within Braintree District Council. The USA concluded that there was still no risk of exceedence of the objectives therefore a Detailed Assessment was not required at this stage. The 2007 and 2008 Progress Reports confirmed the findings of the USA.

6 DoE, 1997, ‘The National Air Quality Strategy’, The Stationary Office 7 Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09) (2009), Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, Local Air Quality Management, Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland, The Stationery Office 8 Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09) (2009), Part IV of the Environment Act 1995, Local Air Quality Management, Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland, The Stationery Office

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3 Updating and Screening Assessment Methodology The Updating and Screening Assessment is intended to identify any significant changes that may have occurred since the previous rounds of Review and Assessment were completed. This includes new monitoring data, new or changed emissions sources (either locally or in neighbouring authorities), or any other local changes that might affect air quality e.g. new relevant exposure. The assessment builds on the previous Review and Assessment work undertaken by local authorities.

The USA involves a checklist approach that considers all significant emissions sources relevant to the Air Quality Objectives. The checklists are broadly the same as in the previous rounds, but have been re-ordered so that they follow a source-by-source rather than pollutant-by-pollutant approach. This is to reduce repetition within the screening process for those local authorities that do not have all the listed sources within their area. These can more easily be discounted at an early stage.

A summary of the emission source categories for the Updating and Screening checklists is provided below. The detailed checklists for each source type are then set out in the following sections, as per the methodology provided in Chapter 5 of the Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09).

The air quality assessment for road traffic emissions sources has been undertaken using the 1 Highways Agency’s DMRB air quality model. NO2 concentrations have been calculated based on the updated NOX:NO2 conversion method provided on behalf of Defra as part of the LAQM.TG(09) tools.

For other sources, the checklist approach to screening and relevant LAQM.TG(09) nomograms have been utilised.

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Table 2 – Summary of Emission Sources and Relevant Pollutants to be Considered as Part of the Updating and Screening Assessment Reference No. Emission Sources to be Assessed Relevant Pollutants A. Road Transport Sources Narrow congested streets with residential A.1 Nitrogen dioxide properties close to the kerb Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour A.2 Nitrogen dioxide or more close to traffic Roads with a high flow of buses and/or A.3 Nitrogen dioxide, PM HGVs. 10 Junctions (including busy roads and junctions A.4 Nitrogen dioxide, PM in Scotland and Northern Ireland) 10 New roads constructed since the last round of A.5 Nitrogen dioxide, PM review and assessment 10 Roads/junctions identified as being close to A.6 the objective during the previous round of Nitrogen dioxide, PM10 review and assessment

A.7 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows Nitrogen dioxide, PM10

A.8 Bus and coach stations Nitrogen dioxide

B: Other Transport Sources

B.1 Airports Nitrogen dioxide Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen B.2 Railway (diesel and steam trains) dioxide B.3 Ports (shipping) Sulphur dioxide

C: Industrial Sources Benzene, 1,3-butadiene, Industrial processes (new processes and C.1 lead, nitrogen dioxide, those with significantly increased emissions) sulphur dioxide, PM10 C.2 Major petrol storage depots Benzene

C.3 Petrol Stations Benzene

C.4 Poultry farms PM10

D: Commercial and Domestic Sources

D.1 Biomass combustion Nitrogen dioxide, PM10

D.2 Domestic solid-fuel burning Sulphur dioxide

E: Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources Quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal mining, E.1 waste transfer sites, materials handling (i.e. PM10 ports, major construction sites)

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BRAINTREE DISTRICT COUNCIL LAQM UPDATING AND SCREENING ASSESSMENT 2009

3.1 Input Data

3.1.1 Traffic Data Essex County Council provided the annual average daily traffic flows (AADT), number of heavy duty vehicles (HDV) and speed data used in this assessment, including relevant projection factors to the baseline year 2008. Where speed data was not available, speeds have been based on speed limits, modified according to local conditions to take account of congestion and stop/start vehicle movements at junctions. Speeds were reduced at busy junctions to 20kph to reflect the higher emissions of queuing traffic in accordance with LAQM TG(09). Appendix 1 contains the tabular summary of traffic data provided by Essex County Council and / or Department for Transport (DfT) traffic data statistics. Where speed or %HDV was not available then the corresponding entry has been left blank. Essex County Council provided all available %HDV data for the roads in the district of Braintree. Where the DMRB air quality model is required and no %HDV data was available for the qualifying roads, an average %HDV value has been calculated for urban and rural roads by Bureau Veritas from the data available for Braintree. This approach and the corresponding %HDV values have been agreed with Essex County Council.

3.1.2 Background Concentrations

The DMRB air quality model calculates pollutant concentrations at defined receptor locations based on road traffic emissions and background pollutant concentrations. The background concentrations can be obtained either from appropriate monitoring stations or from Defra maps of modelled background pollutant concentrations. These maps are available at a resolution of 1x1 km for the entire UK. Maps are provided for future year’ background pollutant concentrations. The maps can be obtained from the UK Air Quality Information Archive9. The maps have been updated from the previous round of review and assessment as part of the LAQM.TG (09) tools released in February 2009. Background concentrations used in the DMRB air quality model runs are shown in Appendix 4.

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4 New Monitoring Data Section 3 reviews and assesses the 2008 monitoring data in order to determine whether any of the air quality objectives are at risk of exceedence.

4.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken A map displaying the location of all air quality monitoring conducted in Braintree in 2008 can be seen in Figure 1.

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FIGURE 1 DIFFUSION TUBES (NITROGEN DIOXIDE) LOCATIONS,

2008

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4.1.1 Non-Automatic Monitoring Data Details of the non-automatic monitoring undertaken in the district are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 – Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites Relevant Exposure Distance to ? (Y/N Kerb of Pollutant In with Nearest Location X Y Monitored AQMA? Distance Road (m) to (N/A if not Relevant Applicable) Exposure)

Blanford House, London Road 575600 222900 NO2 N Y - 3.8 1.6

The White Hart Hotel, Coggeshall Road 575700 223200 NO2 N N 2.2

Causeway House, Bocking End 575800 223400 NO2 N N 0.5

Beckers Green Road 577800 222500 NO2 N Y - 12.2 8.3

Easton Road 582000 215100 NO2 N Y - 26.4 1.2

Village Hall 578700 217700 NO2 N Y - 84.7 64.7

Church Yard, Colchester Road 581500 230600 NO2 N Y - 78 55.8

Rear of Halstead Area Office 580900 230500 NO2 N Y - 5.9 29.8

A12 Hatfield Peverel 578600 211600 NO2 N Y - 27.4 2.4

High Street Kelvedon 586386 219106 NO2 N Y - 0 3.5

The Street, Bradwell 580625 223115 NO2 N Y - 11.7 2.9

Braintree District Council undertook monitoring at 11 NO2 diffusion tubes sites in 2008. This year two new sites have been introduced alongside the A120 close to a busy roundabout at Galleys Corner and at a junction in the Braintree Town Centre where Victoria Street meets Railway Street. The Village Hall site at Faulkbourne has been discontinued. The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Bristol District Council Scientific Services utilising the 20% water preparation method. With regard to the application of a bias adjustment factor for the diffusion tubes, the technical guidance LAQM.TG (09) and Review and Assessment Helpdesk recommends use of a local bias adjustment factor where available and relevant to diffusion tube sites. Braintree District Council does not operate any continuous NO2 monitoring sites in their district and therefore a local bias adjustment factor cannot be calculated. In the absence of a local bias correction factor, the default bias correction factor for Bristol District Council Scientific Services analysis using the 20% TEA in water method has been used. This factor, calculated as 0.87 for 2008 based on four studies has been obtained from the University of the West of England (UWE) website9.

9 http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/

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4.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

4.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide

4.2.1.1 Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

The NO2 diffusion tube data are summarised in the Table 4. The full dataset (monthly mean values) are included in Appendix 3.

The 2008 diffusion tube results show one monitoring location exceeding the annual mean NO2 objective and one monitoring close to the annual mean NO2 objective: . Hatfield Peverel – A12 – exceeding annual mean objective . Bradwell – The Street, Bradwell – close to the annual mean objective The Bradwell diffusion tube is a roadside site with relevant exposure over 10m from the site. Façade projection suggests that NO2 concentrations will be below the objective at the nearest receptor façade (28.8µg/m3). This site requires no further consideration in this assessment. The Hatfield Peverel diffusion tube site is approximately 2m from the edge of the A12 south bound carriageway and south of Hatfield Peverel Village. There is no relevant exposure within 30m of the site, but there are sensitive receptors that lie close to the A12 as it travels through rural areas of the parishes Feering, Kelvedon, Rivenhall and Hatifield Peverel. The single diffusion tube data indicates a significant increase in nitrogen dioxide levels in the past year. Braintree District Council will, (subject to monitoring sites being safe and accessible) undertake additional diffusion tube monitoring alongside the A12 to better assess the need to progress to a Detailed Assessment for annual mean NO2.

With respect to the hourly NO2 objective, there are no diffusion tubes sites with annual mean NO2 concentrations in excess of 60 g/m3 in Braintree and therefore it is unlikely that there will be any exceedences of the hourly NO2 objective.

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Table 4 – Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes (µg/m3) Annual Mean Concentrations ( g/m3) Data Adjusted for Bias Within Capture 2007 2008 Location 2006 Site ID AQMA? 2008 (Bias (Bias (Bias Factor: % Factor: Factor: 0.89) 0.77) 0.87) BRAINTREE Blanford House, London N 91.7 34.3 34.5 36.7 1N Road BRAINTREE The White Hart Hotel, N 91.7 24.9 24.1 30.5 5N Coggeshall Road BRAINTREE Causeway House, N 91.7 22.1 19.5 23.8 6N Bocking End BRAINTREE 4N Beckers Green Road N 100.0 20.9 19.7 23.5

WITHAM Easton Road N 83.3 35.7 31.0 36.3

WHITE NOTLEY Village Hall N 91.7 16.5 14.5 16.1 HALSTEAD Church Yard, Colchester N 100.0 30.5 28.8 32.8 1 Road HALSTEAD Rear of Halstead Area N 83.3 18.0 15.2 20.4 2 Office HATFIELD PEVEREL A12 N 100.0 45.2 42.4 49.9

KELVEDON High Street Kelvedon N 100.0 36.7 30.9 34.1

BRADWELL The Street, Bradwell N 91.7 - 33.1 39.5

Exceedences of the NO2 annual mean objective are highlighted in bold

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5 Road Traffic Sources The air quality assessment for road traffic emissions sources has been undertaken using the Highways Agency’s DMRB1 air quality model. The DMRB air quality model inputs and results are shown in Appendices 3 & 4.

5.1 Narrow Congested Streets with Residential Properties Close to the Kerb The criteria for assessment has changed since the previous round of Review and Assessment, this source has been reassessed. The criteria are listed below: . Daily traffic flow (AADT) should be around 5,000 vehicles/day or more. . A congested street will be one with slow moving traffic that is frequently stopping and starting due to pedestrian crossings, parked vehicles etc throughout much of the day (not just during rush hours). The average speed is likely to be less than about 25 kph (15 mph). . A narrow street will be one with residential properties within 2 m of the kerb, and buildings on both sides of the road (the buildings on the other side of the road can be further from the road than 2 m).

Braintree District Council have considered the B1024 High Street, Kelvedon as a narrow congested street with a flow above 5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb. The road has been assessed using the DMRB air quality model. The results of the modelling, displayed in Appendix 4, suggest that the air quality objectives will be met. The results are supported by NO2 monitoring at a diffusion tube site on High Street, Kelvedon which shows NO2 concentrations to be below the objective in 2008 (34.1µg/m3). It is not necessary for Braintree District Council to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

5.2 Busy Streets Where People May Spend 1-hour or More Close to Traffic

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified busy streets where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic.

5.3 Roads with a High Flow of Buses and/or Heavy Goods Vehicles Traffic data assessed for the USA show no roads with high flows of buses and heavy goods vehicles >20%.

Essex County Council provided all available HDV data for Braintree although data was unavailable for a number of roads in the district. Therefore the % HDV levels used for DRMB have been agreed with Essex County Council. Braintree District Council will continue to review the data available for its local authority area for future assessments.

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5.4 Junctions

Braintree District Council have identified one junction which was not assessed in previous rounds of review and assessment. DMRB air quality modelling of this junction has been undertaken. The following junction has been assessed in light of new traffic data, not available at the time of the previous USA: . A120/A131, 23 Thresher Rise, Results of DMRB air quality modelling of this junction are shown in Appendix 4. No exceedences of the AQS objectives are predicted and therefore there is no requirement to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

5.5 New Roads Constructed or Proposed Since the Last Round of Review and Assessment

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no new/proposed roads.

5.6 Roads with Significantly Changed Traffic

Traffic data assessed for the USA show no roads with significantly changed traffic flows of more than 25%.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic flows.

5.7 Bus and Coach Stations

The assessment considers both NO2 and PM10 emissions at bus stations that are not enclosed with >2500 movements per day.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in their local authority area.

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6 Other Transport Sources

6.1 Airports

The assessment for airports considers NO2. If there are no airports in the Local Authority area, there is no need to proceed further with this part.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no airports requiring further assessment in their local authority area.

6.2 Railways (Diesel and Steam Trains)

The assessment for stationary trains considers SO2 emissions, while the assessment for moving diesel trains considers NO2 emissions. If there are no railways carrying diesel or steam trains in the Local Authority area, there is no need to proceed further with this part.

6.2.1 Stationary Trains

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15 m.

6.2.2 Moving Trains

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30 m.

6.3 Ports (Shipping)

The assessment for shipping considers SO2 emissions at busy ports with 5,000 and 15,000 movements per year and relevant exposure within 250 m. If there are no ports or shipping, there is no need to proceed further with this part.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within their local authority area.

Braintree District Council 19 USA 2009

7 Industrial Sources

7.1 Industrial Installations The assessment of industrial installations considers all of the regulated pollutants, although those most at risk of requiring further work are SO2, NO2, PM10 and benzene. A list of industrial processes in the district is provided in Appendix 5.

7.1.1 New or Proposed Installations for which an Air Quality Assessment has Been Carried Out

There are no new permitted processes for which an air quality assessment has been necessary in Braintree since the previous USA in 2006. Emissions have been controlled using abatement where appropriate. Braintree District Council has identified a potential future industrial source, which could have an impact on local air quality. There is currently an Essex County Council waste authority planning application for a waste treatment plant, including anaerobic composting and combustion of residual waste and exhaust gases, at Rivenhall airfield. This will be considered in future review and assessment reporting.

Braintree District Council confirms there are no new industrial installations for which an air quality assessment has been carried out.

7.1.2 Existing Installations where Emissions Have Increased Substantially or New Relevant Exposure has Been Introduced

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

7.1.3 New or Significantly Changed Installations with No Previous Air Quality Assessment

Braintree District Council has assessed newly permitted industrial processes since the previous round and concluded that there are no significant emissions with respect to the prescribed objectives to warrant a detailed assessment.

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7.2 Major Fuel (Petrol) Storage Depots The assessment considers benzene, with respect to the 2010 objective.

There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within their local authority area.

7.3 Petrol Stations The assessment considers benzene, with respect to the 2010 objective. Large petrol stations, where annual throughput is more than 2000 m3 of petrol (2 million litres per annum), and with a busy road nearby of >30000 annual average daily traffic flows, require consideration with respect to relevant exposure.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the specified criteria.

7.4 Poultry Farms Farms housing in excess of: 400,000 birds if mechanically ventilated, 200,000 birds if naturally ventilated, and 100,000 birds for any turkey unit, require consideration in this assessment, to establish whether there is relevant exposure within 100 m of the poultry units. The assessment needs to consider only PM10.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no poultry farms in their local authority area meeting the specified criteria.

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8 Commercial and Domestic Sources

8.1 Biomass Combustion 8.1.1 Biomass Combustion - Individual Installations

The assessment considers both PM10 and NO2 objectives.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no individual biomass combustion processes which require assessment.

8.1.2 Biomass Combustion – Combined Impacts (PM10 Emissions)

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plants in their local authority area which meet this criteria.

8.2 Domestic Solid-Fuel Burning (Sulphur Dioxide Emissions)

The assessment considers SO2 emissions (only) from significant areas of residential properties that use solid fuel to heat their houses. ‘Significant’ areas are those of about 500 x 500 m with more than 50 houses burning coal/smokeless fuel as their primary source of heating. PM10 from domestic solid fuel burning is covered under the Biomass combustion – combined impacts section above.

Braintree District Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in their Local Authority area.

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9 Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

The assessment of fugitive and uncontrolled sources considers the PM10 objectives. This included consideration to quarries, landfill sites, opencast coal mining, waste transfer sites, and materials handling (i.e. ports, major construction sites). Only locations not covered by previous rounds of review and assessment, or where there is new relevant exposure, require consideration. In the case of proposed new sources, these are only required to be considered if planning approval has been granted.

Braintree District Council has identified one source of fugitive PM10 emissions in their local authority area, Bradwell Quarry, east of Braintree. Bradwell Quarry has been assessed in accordance with LAQM TG(09) and results show that 3 background PM10 concentrations are <26µg/m with no relevant exposure to the source of PM10 emissions within 200m.

There is no requirement to proceed to a Detailed Assessment for fugitive PM10.

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10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

This USA review of new monitoring data has shown that one exceedence of the NO2 annual mean objective level has been measured in 2008 at the Hatfield Peverel NO2 diffusion tube site situated next to the A12. There is no relevant exposure within 30m of the site, but there are sensitive receptors close to the A12. Braintree District Council will undertake additional diffusion tube monitoring alongside the A12 to better assess the need to proceed to a detailed assessment for annual mean nitrogen dioxide. With respect to the hourly NO2 objective, There are no diffusion tube sites with 3 annual mean NO2 concentrations in excess of 60 g/m in Braintree and therefore it is unlikely that there will be any exceedences of the hourly NO2 objective.

10.2 Conclusions from Assessment of Sources The USA has reviewed new and significantly changed sources in the district.

10.2.1 Road Sources Braintree District Council has considered High Street, Kelvedon as being a narrow congested street with exposure within 2m of the kerb. The road has been assessed using the DMRB air quality model. Results of the DMRB modelling suggest that the objectives will be met at High Street, Kelvedon. Diffusion tube monitoring on the High Street supports the finding the objectives will be met. Braintree District Council has identified one junction that was not assessed in previous rounds of Review and Assessment. DMRB air quality modelling of this junction, displayed in Appendix 4 and Appendix 5 suggests no exceedences of the AQS objectives for NO2 or PM10. No Detailed Assessment is required for any other road source in Braintree.

10.2.2 Other Sources There are no new industrial processes identified in Braintree with significant emissions with respect to the prescribed objectives.

10.3 Proposed Actions

Proposed actions arising from the USA are as follows: . Install additional diffusion tube monitoring alongside the A12 in order to better assess the need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment for annual mean NO2. Any monitoring study shall be conducted for a minimum of 6 months. . Continue diffusion tube monitoring in order to identify future changes in pollutant concentrations in Braintree. . Complete an Annual Progress Report in 2010 to assess all new air quality monitoring data, new developments and new industrial processes in Braintree.

11 References

. Highways Agency’s Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB), Volume 11, Section 3, Part 1 Air Quality, May 2007, and accompanying spreadsheet DMRB Screening Method V1,03.xls. July 2007

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. Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). February 2009. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland . Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09). February 2009. Published by Defra in partnership with the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Department of the Environment Northern Ireland . Braintree District Council 2008 Local Air Quality Management Annual Progress Report . Braintree District Council 2006 Local Air Quality Management Updating and Screening Assessment

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APPENDICES Appendix 1 - Traffic Data

Assessed in %HDV Previously USA 2009 Data Source Location Speed AADT 2008 Reason for Assessment * Assessed? Using DMRB? B1389 Hatfield Rd 135m Sw Spine Rd Rab ECC - - 18083 Y N - Witham A131 N Of Catley Cross Twinstead N Of ECC - - 7649 Y N - Maplestead A131 High Garrett N Of Church Street ECC - - 19749 Y N - Braintree A1124 Hedingham Rd S Of Mill Chase ECC - - 6106 Y N - Halstead

ECC B1053 Near Garlands Farm Finchingfield - - 1261 Y N - ECC B1057 At Cornish Hall Finchingfield - - 1089 Y N - ECC B1057 At Endway N Of Steeple Bumpstead - - 3190 Y N - ECC B1054 Sw Of A1017 Birdbrook - - 1559 Y N - ECC B1024 Coggeshall Rd N Of Kelvedon - - 3949 Y N - B1024 Colne Road S Of Marks Hall Road ECC - - 6621 Y N - Coggeshall B1256 Stortford Rd W Of Tesco Rab Great ECC - - 10346 N N - Dunmow B1137 Colch Rd W/O A12 Slip W/O Hatfield ECC - - 7346 Y N - Peverel Rickstones Road 55m NE Of Rectory Lane ECC - - 3701 Y N - Witham

B1389 Colchester Rd 66m NE Freebournes ECC - - 15690 Y N - Rd Witham B1018 Maldon Road 57m N Of Pantile Close ECC - - 13429 Y N - Witham *Heavy duty vehicles (HDV) >20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.

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Appendix 1 (Continued) - Traffic Data

Assessed in %HDV Previously USA 2009 Data Source Location Speed AADT 2008 Reason for Assessment * Assessed? Using DMRB? ECC Terling Road 300m W Of Faulkbourne Road Witham - - 1107 Y N - ECC Faulkbourne Road 115m N Of Flora Road Witham - - 4470 Y N - ECC B1018 Rd 21m SE Stilemans Wood Braintree - - 7293 Y N - ECC B1256 Coggeshall Rd 105m E Bridport Way Braintree - - 16344 Y N - ECC B1053 Broad Rd 150m NE Thistley Green Rd Braintree - - 8801 Y N - ECC Church Lane 47m NE Of Brand Court Braintree - - 5177 Y N - ECC B1053 Deanery Hill 126m Nw Choats Farm Braintree - - 5006 Y N - ECC B1256 Rayne Rd 30m E Of Francis Rd Braintree - - 13297 Y N - ECC London Road 77m S Of Tortoiseshell Way Braintree - - 13080 Y N - ECC Notley Rd 238m NW Of Buck Hill Braintree - - 7623 Y N - ECC B1053 Shalford Road Wethersfield - - 2749 Y N - ECC Coggeshall Rd 20m S Old Mill Lane Feering - - 2972 Y N - ECC A1124 Stonebridge Hill W Stone Bridge Earls Colne - - 9855 Y N - ECC A131 Trinity Street NE Of Chapel Hill Halstead - - 14600 Y N - ECC B1024 London Rd SW Of Maldon Rd Kelvedon - - 8108 Y N - ECC A131 Braintree Bypass SE Of Broad Road Braintree - - 18411 Y N - ECC B1018 Cressing Rd Near Hungry Hall NW Of Witham - - 13950 Y N - ECC A131 Halstead Rd N Of Petersfield Lane Halstead - - 11816 Y N - ECC A1017 Church Road Great Yeldham - - 5373 Y N - ECC B1058 SW Of Sheepcot Rd Castle Hedingham - - 3047 Y N - ECC A1017 NW Of B1054 Junction Wixoe - - 8067 Y N - ECC A1017 Hedingham Road North of Gosfield - - 7353 Y N - *Heavy duty vehicles (HDV) >20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.

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Appendix 1 (Continued) - Traffic Data

Assessed in %HDV Previously USA 2009 Data Source Location Speed AADT 2008 Reason for Assessment * Assessed? Using DMRB? ECC A131 Just North Of Ryes Lane Bulmer Tye - - 9798 Y N - ECC B1053 London Road S Of The Chase Black Notley - - 16024 Y N - ECC B1018 Millenium Way 100m NW Charter Way Braintree - - 12593 N Y Not previously assessed ECC Blake End W Of Braintree - - 5925 N Y Not previously assessed ECC A131 NE Of Queenborough Lane Rab Braintree - - 17140 Y N - ECC A120 Junction With A133 - - 30780 N Y Junction not previously assessed ECC B1024 High Street, Kelvedon 5.7 38 8262 Y Y Narrow congested street DfT Witham By-Pass 10.9 - 60995 Y N - DfT A1017 8.6 - 9019 Y N - DfT Broad Road 5.6 - 21453 Y N - DfT London Road 10.5 - 57434 Y N - DfT Colchester Road 6.1 - 9302 Y N - DfT Rivenhall End 9.7 - 63140 Y N - DfT A1017 8.7 - 4537 Y N - DfT Hedingham Road 5.4 - 7463 Y N - DfT A120 7.1 - 35478 Y N - DfT Braintree By-pass 7.0 - 17782 Y Y - DfT Kelvedon By-pass 11.5 - 55151 Y N - DfT Coggleshall Road 8.5 - 25572 Y N - DfT A1124 6.2 - 5068 Y N - DfT Boreham By-pass 9.5 - 74654 Y N - DfT Halstead Road 7.1 - 11927 Y N - DfT A131 7.7 - 8784 Y N - *Heavy duty vehicles (HDV) >20% is considered as an unusually high proportion, which would warrant assessment if not previously considered.

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Appendix 1 (Continued) - Traffic Data

Assessed in %HDV Previously USA 2009 Data Source Location Speed AADT 2008 Reason for Assessment * Assessed? Using DMRB? DfT Mill Road 5.6 - 4308 Y N - DfT Rowley Hill 5.3 - 10010 Y N - DfT A1017 8.5 - 5927 Y N - DfT Head Street 4.6 - 16332 Y N - DfT Hedingham Road 4.3 - 5486 Y N - DfT A131 8.2 - 8512 Y N - DfT Colchester Road 5.9 - 10453 Y N - DfT Mount Hill 5.7 - 10669 Y N - DfT Southern Bypass 9.2 - 5799 Y N -

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Appendix 2 - Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tube Results 2008

Bias Corrected Location Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Annual Mean 2008 Blamford House, 56.2 62.2 41.5 34.6 36.3 21 38.9 33.7 41.7 46.9 - 51.4 42.2 36.7 London Road The White Hart Hotel, 39.3 47.5 30.3 76 27.3 25.5 25.2 21.7 28.1 36.3 28.4 - 35.1 30.5 Coggeshall Road Causeway House, 31.1 37.2 - 23.5 43.4 15.4 20.2 21.5 21.9 29.4 25.2 32.4 27.4 23.8 Bocking End Beckers Green Road 36.9 39.3 24.2 32 22.1 18.1 17.4 20.5 25.9 30.5 24.4 33.0 27.0 23.5 Eastern Road 45.9 - - 57.8 24.7 32.7 47.5 38 34.7 50.8 39.5 45.5 41.7 36.3 Village Hall 28 28.7 17.8 22.2 12.1 12.2 14.8 15.1 17 23.4 12.7 - 18.5 16.1 Church Yard, Colchester 44 47 37.1 44.3 43.9 29.3 34.9 31.6 35.8 37.7 31.6 35.4 37.7 32.8 Road Rear of Halstead Area 31.1 37.8 22.3 27.1 - 13.6 15.8 19.3 18.4 - 19.9 29.5 23.5 20.4 Office A12 53.7 66.6 50.4 70 73.5 58.1 50.2 43.2 62.8 55.8 51.1 52.5 57.3 49.9 High Street Kelvedon 44.1 51 38.0 49.6 43.8 33.1 28.3 29 38.8 39.6 31.6 43.4 39.2 34.1 The Street, Bradwell 48.6 56.1 46.2 59 47.2 44.5 32.2 37.6 44.3 48.4 34.9 - 45.4 39.5

Exceedences of the annual mean objective are highlighted in bold.

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Appendix 3 - DMRB Air Quality Assessment Inputs

Distance Background Concentrations Roads Affecting to AADT % Speed Street Receptor Receptor Receptor (2008) HDV (kph) Canyon? 2008 NO2 2008 PM10 (m) Annual Mean Annual Mean (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Millennium Way B1018 Millennium Way 18.8 12593 8.2 77.2 N 15.3 17.7 1 Valentine Cottages B1256 Blake End 10.5 5925 8.2 77.2 N 12.2 16.9 A120 246 7622 20.0 23 Thresher Rise, Great Notley 8.2 N 15.8 17.9 A131 42.4 17062 77.2 150 High Street B1024 High Street Kelvedon 4.2 8262 5.7 38.0 Y 19.0 17.3 18 Cress Croft A120 Braintree Bypass 42.9 35506 7.1 109.4 N 15.3 17.7

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Appendix 4 - DMRB Air Quality Assessment Results

DMRB Assessment Results Detailed Roads Affecting Receptor Assessment Receptor 2008 Road 2008 NO2 * 2008 PM10 2008 Number of Required? NOX Annual Annual Mean Annual Mean Exceedences of 3 3 3 Mean (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) 24 Hour PM10 Millennium Way B1018 Millennium Way 33.8 20.4 18.9 2 N 1 Valentine Cottages B1256 Blake End 27.2 15.7 17.8 1 N A120 23 Thresher Rise, Great Notley 32.4 20.1 19.0 2 N A131 150 High Street B1024 High Street Kelvedon 26.6 30.3 18.3 2 N 18 Cress Croft A120 Braintree Bypass 37.4 21.7 19.8 3 N * NO2 concentrations calculated from Road NOX using the LAQM.TG (09) NOX:NO2 conversion calculator.

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Appendix 5 - List of Industrial Processes Potentially New Existing Significant Nomogram Source Substantial Detailed Process Release Screening Process Name Process Type PG Note X Y Since Change Complaints? Assessment with New with Assessment USA >30%? Required? Exposure? Respect to Required? 2006? AQOs? Coggeshall Dry Dry Cleaners 6\46 584982 222537 N N N N N N Cleaners Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaners 6\46 573849 220631 N N N N N N Company Witham Express Dry Cleaners 6\46 582179 214633 N N N N N N Care Cleaners Dry Cleaners 6\46 575743 223003 No, but N N N N N N newly Capital Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaners 6\46 581446 230587 N N N N N N permitted Sev's Dry Cleaners Dry Cleaners 6\46 576714 223340 N N N N N N Crown Dry Cleaners Dry Cleaners 6\46 575771 223059 N N N N N N Select Dry Cleaners Dry Cleaners 6\46 579736 211549 N N N N N N Wm Morrison Dry Cleaners 6\46 582064 215556 N N N N N N Supermarkets Plc R.T.F. Commercial Waste Oil 1\1 575514 225721 N N N N N N N Conefleet Ltd. Waste Oil 1\1 573110 232306 N N N N N N N Courtenham Ltd. Waste Oil 1\1 574285 230295 N N N N N N N Wicks Coaches Waste Oil 1\1 575929 222014 N N N N N N N Harrow Cross Waste Oil 1\1 577396 233327 N N N N N N N Bodyworks C J Eley & Co Waste Oil 1\1 576478 223342 N N N N N N N Revlac Auto Waste Oil 1\1 586367 219183 N N N N N N N Engineers A & L Vehicles Waste Oil 1\1 575088 223922 N N N N N N N Witham Service Waste Oil 1\1 582143 215248 N N N N N N N Centre Clark & Carter Waste Oil 1\1 579441 220559 N N N N N N N Coachworks Tylney Garage Waste Oil 1\1 582842 230027 N N N N N N N

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Appendix 5 (Continued) - List of Industrial Processes Potentially New Existing Significant Nomogram Source Substantial Detailed Process Process Release Screening PG Note X Y Since Change Complaints? Assessment Process Name Type with New with Assessment USA >30%? Required? Exposure? Respect to Required? 2006? AQOs? Rj & Ep Potter Waste Oil 1\1 574515 223767 N N N N N N N C A Blackwell Waste Oil 1\1 585510 226812 Y N N N N N N (Contracts) Limited N.C.Cammack & Son Waste Oil 1\1 588185 228948 Y N N N N N N Limited Total Petrol 1\14 582382 214182 N N N N N N N Bp Service Station Petrol 1\14 581011 223027 N N N N N N N Mount Hill Autopoint Petrol 1\14 580793 230118 N N N N N N N Wm Morrison Petrol 1\14 582161 215473 N N N N N N N Supermarkets Ltd Bp Filling Station Petrol 1\14 581929 215599 N N N N N N N Bp Filling Station Petrol 1\14 584106 216638 N N N N N N N Tesco Stores Petrol 1\14 584092 216669 N N N N N N N Doe Motors Petrol 1\14 582765 215269 N N N N N N N Somerfield Limited Petrol 1\14 577918 222173 N N N N N N N Shell Service Station Petrol 1\14 578163 234088 N N N N N N N Sainsburys Petrol 1\14 576103 223261 N N N N N N N Halstead Service Petrol 1\14 581077 230506 N N N N N N N Station Shiam Service Petrol 1\14 578185 234201 N N N N N N N Station Eley's Petrol 1\14 576478 223342 N N N N N N N Pace Petroleum Petrol 1\14 588269 220719 N N N N N N N Somerfield Stores Petrol 1\14 580754 212863 N N N N N N N Limited Dovercourt Motor Petrol 1\14 574652 223035 N N N N N N N Company Ltd

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Appendix 5 (Continued) - List of Industrial Processes Potentially New Existing Significant Nomogram Source Substantial Detailed Process Process Release Screening Process Name PG Note X Y Since Change Complaints? Assessment Type with New with Assessment USA >30%? Required? Exposure? Respect to Required? 2006? AQOs? Shell Whitecourt Petrol 1\14 574675 221054 N N N N N N N Star Rayne Road Petrol 1\14 574783 223062 N N N N N N N Hanson Quarry Cement 3\1 569698 244177 N N N N N N N Products Europe Cemex Ready Mix Cement 3\1 581827 221790 Y N N N N N N East Anglia Limited The Bulmer Brick Ceramic 3\2 583269 238171 N N N N N N N And Tile Co.Ltd. Animal & Dietex International Plant 6\26 582679 214779 N N N N N N N Limited Treatment Milbank Floors Ltd. Cement 3\1 584347 226917 N N N N N N N Non- Maycast Nokes Ferrous 2\6 581376 230303 N N N N N N N Limited Metal Non- Finch Seaman Ferrous 2\6 574687 223413 N N N N N N N Enfield Ltd Metal Animal & F H Nash Ltd. Plant 6\26 559409 227434 N N N N N N N Treatment Woodford Litho Ltd. Coating 6\16 582671 214438 N N N N N N N Braintree Accident Vehicle 6\34b 576433 222063 N N N N N N N Repair Centre Resprayer Vehicle C L Panelcraft 6\34b 576434 222109 N N N N N N N Resprayer Premdor Crosby Timber 6\2 578225 234507 N N N N N N N Ltd.

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Appendix 5 (Continued) - List of Industrial Processes Potentially New Existing Significant Nomogram Source Substantial Detailed Process Release Screening Process Name Process Type PG Note X Y Since Change Complaints? Assessment with New with Assessment USA >30%? Required? Exposure? Respect to Required? 2006? AQOs? Vehicle Lancaster (Witham) 6\34b 583002 215981 N N N N N N N Resprayer Mobile CA Blackwell Concrete 3\16 - - Y N N N N N N Crusher Mobile C A Blackwell Concrete 3\16 - - Y N N N N N N Contracts Ltd Crusher Mobile Heijmans Blackwell Concrete 3\16 - - N N N N N N N Remediation Ltd Crusher Mobile Mcfletch Hire Concrete 3\16 - - N N N N N N N Services Ltd Crusher Briarsford Vehicle 6\34b 582742 214663 N N N N N N N Panelcraft Ltd Resprayer Mobile CA Blackwell Concrete 3\16 - - Y N N N N N N (Contracts) Ltd Crusher CA Blackwell Mobile Screen 3\16 - - Y N N N N N N (Contracts) Ltd CA Blackwell Mobile Screen 3\16 - - Y N N N N N N (Contracts) Ltd F.R.Shadbolt & Sons Timber 6\2 574469 223205 N N N N N N N Limited Mobile G & B Finch Ltd Concrete 3\16 574471 218347 N N N N N N N Crusher

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Appendix 5 (Continued) - List of Industrial Processes Potentially New Existing Significant Nomogram Source Substantial Detailed Process Release Screening Process Name Process Type PG Note X Y Since Change Complaints? Assessment with New with Assessment USA >30%? Required? Exposure? Respect to Required? 2006? AQOs? Garner & Shaw Wood Coating 6\ 574469 223205 N N N N N N N Limited Cemex Uk Materials Mineral 3\1 582000 221890 N N N N N N N Limited Drying Quest Motor Group Vehicle 6\34b 574576 223138 Y N N N N N N Limited Resprayer Memoria Limited Crematorium 5\2 577928 227334 Y N N N N N N Amtek Aluminium Non-Ferrous Castings (Witham) SG4 582805 214416 N N N N N N N Metal Ltd South East Non-Ferrous SG5 582690 215577 N N N N N N N Galvanizers Ltd. Metal Crittall Windows Coating EA SG7 574518 224151 Y N N N N N N Ltd.

Mobile 3\16 590111 233718 N N N N N N N T & K Weavers Concrete Crusher Branwell Products Mineral 3\05 574610 223304 N N N N N N N Ltd. Process Transporter Coating 6\34a 577611 230892 N N N N N N N Engineering Ltd Dovercourt Accident Vehicle 6\34b 582599 215239 N N N N N N N Repair Centre Resprayer

Braintree District Council 37 USA 2009