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Rogue River Basin Tmdl Chapter 2: Temperature

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Rogue River Basin Tmdl Chapter 2: Temperature ROGUE RIVER BASIN TMDL CHAPTER 2: TEMPERATURE Prepared by Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Rogue River Basin TMDL: Temperature December 2008 This Page Intentionally Left Blank OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ii Rogue River Basin TMDL: Temperature December 2008 Table of Contents Definitions .......................................................................................................... vi 2.1 Overview and Scope ................................................................................. 1 2.2 Beneficial Use Identification ..................................................................... 4 2.3 Target Identification - Applicable Water Quality Criteria ....................... 4 2.3.1 Waterbodies Listed for Temperature ............................................................................. 9 2.3.2 Pollutant Identification ................................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 Seasonal Variation & Critical Condition ....................................................................... 13 2.4 Existing Pollution Sources ..................................................................... 16 2.4.1 Natural Background Sources ...................................................................................... 16 2.4.2 Point Sources: Individual and General NPDES Permits ............................................. 16 2.4.3 Nonpoint Sources ........................................................................................................ 18 1. Near-Stream Vegetation Disturbance/Removal ................................................................ 19 2. Channel Modifications and Widening ................................................................................ 19 3. Hydromodification: Dams, Diversions, and Irrigation Districts ........................................... 21 4. Hydromodification: Water Rights ....................................................................................... 27 5. Other Anthropogenic Sources ........................................................................................... 28 2.5 TMDL Loading Capacities 40 CFR 130.2(f) ............................................ 28 2.5.1 Excess Load ................................................................................................................ 29 2.6 Allocation Approach ............................................................................... 32 2.7 Nonpoint Sources: Load Allocations ..................................................... 32 2.7.1 Responsibilities of Designated Management Agencies: ............................................. 33 2.7.2 Effective Shade Targets .............................................................................................. 36 2.8 Permitted Point Sources- Waste Load Allocations .............................. 53 2.9 Rogue River Reserve Capacity ............................................................... 61 2.10 Margins of Safety .................................................................................... 61 2.11 References .............................................................................................. 62 Tables Table 2.1. Stream Temperature Simulation Extents ..................................................................... 1 Table 2.2. Temperature TMDL Component Summary based on Oregon Administrative Rule (OAR), federal Clean Water Act (CWA) and Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) requirements............................................................................................................................. 2 Table 2.3. Modes of Thermally Induced Cold Water Fish Mortality .............................................. 4 Table 2.4. Biologically-Based Numeric Temperature Criteria ....................................................... 5 Table 2.5. Criteria by river mile for the Rogue River. River mile estimates taken from Oregon Water Resources Department map (1980). ............................................................................. 6 Table 2.6. 2004/2006 303(d) Temperature Listings Addressed in the Rogue River Basin TMDL 10 Table 2.7. 2004/2006 303(d) Listings in error: covered by the Lobster Creek TMDL .................. 12 Table 2.8. Individually permitted sites in the Rogue Basin ........................................................... 17 Table 2.9. TMDL Shade Targets for Rogue River and Selected Tributaries. Temperature impacts are the average increase to the 7DADM for the modeled reach. ............................. 19 OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY iii Rogue River Basin TMDL: Temperature December 2008 Table 2.10. Basic physical characteristics of remaining reservoirs with area than greater than 100 acres. ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Table 2.11. Impact of water withdrawals on maximum 7-DADM temperatures for various waterbodies as predicted by water quality modeling. Flows are from August 1 of the applicable model year and temperatures based on average changes to the portion of the stream modeled (i.e. not predicted change at the mouth) . ................................................... 27 Table 2.12. Loading capacity and excess load at the mouth of various streams / rivers as calculated for model year. ...................................................................................................... 30 Table 2.13. Generalized distribution of the temperature human use allowance at the point(s) of maximum impact .................................................................................................................... 32 Table 2.14. Example target temperatures for Rogue River near McLeod for 2003, calculated as the monthly average. .............................................................................................................. 34 Table 2.15 (A-G). Applicable temperature criterion for the Rogue River at the location of each point source. ........................................................................................................................... 54 Table 2.16. Allowable temperature increases allocated to individual point sources .................... 57 Table 2.17. Example calculations of Waste Load Allocation for October 2003. .......................... 59 Table 2.18. Example calculations of Waste Load Allocation for April 2003. ................................. 59 Table 2.17. Point sources that discharge to tributaries to the Rogue River. These sources are given an allocation in the form of equations which will be used to set numeric targets in the permits. ................................................................................................................................... 60 Table 2.18. Approaches for Incorporating a Margin of Safety into a TMDL ................................ 61 OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY iv Rogue River Basin TMDL: Temperature December 2008 Figures Figure 2.1. Fish Use Designations (map from OAR 340-041-0028, Figure 320A) ........................ 7 Figure 2.2. Salmon and Steelhead Spawning Use Designations (map from OAR 340-041-0028, Figure 320A) ............................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2.3. 2004/2006 303(d) list for temperature (Red) ................................................................ 9 Figure 2.4. Map of temperature monitoring sites with associated maximum 7-DADM. ............... 12 Figure 2.5. Factors affecting stream temperature ........................................................................ 13 Figure 2.6. Rogue River temperatures at Agness used to define the season of impairment based on data collected between 1977 and 2006. ........................................................................... 14 Figure 2.7. Stream temperatures representing seasonal variation near the mouths of tributaries to the Rogue River ................................................................................................................. 15 Figure 2.8. Thermal impact of point sources which discharge directly to the Rogue River based on March through October, 2003. .......................................................................................... 18 Figure 2.9. Dams greater than 10-feet in height and storage greater than or equal to 9.2-acre- feet of water behind. ............................................................................................................... 22 Figure 2.10. Average 7-day average of daily maximum temperatures for 1970 - 1976 (pre dam) and 1978 - 2006 (post dam) for USGS gaging stations Rogue River downstream of Prospect (upstream of LCR) and Rogue River near McLeod (downstream of LCR). ........................... 23 Figure 2.11. Average daily flow for 1970 - 1976 (pre dam) and 1978 - 2006 (post dam) for USGS gaging stations Rogue River downstream of Prospect (upstream of LCR) and Rogue River near McLeod (downstream of LCR). ...................................................................................... 23 Figure 2.12. Temporal (a) and spatial (b) thermal impact of Lost Creek Reservoir operations to the Rogue River based on April through October, 2003, from its mouth to downstream of Big Butte Creek (river mile 154.2). ............................................................................................... 24 Figure 2.13. Rogue River low head dam
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