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Implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: the Ac Nadian Experience Valerie Oosterveld

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Implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: the Ac Nadian Experience Valerie Oosterveld Western University Scholarship@Western Law Publications Law School 2002 Implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: The aC nadian Experience Valerie Oosterveld Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/lawpub Part of the International Humanitarian Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Citation of this paper: Oosterveld, Valerie, "Implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: The aC nadian Experience" (2002). Law Publications. 137. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/lawpub/137 THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR CRIMINAL LAW REFORM AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY BREAKING NEW GROUND A Collection of Papers in the International Centre’s Canada-China Cooperation Programme March 2002 This publication was funded by the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy and the Canadian International Development Agency. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not represent any overarching official policy or opinion on the part of either the International Centre or the Canadian government. March 2002 THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR CRIMINAL LAW REFORM AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY BREAKING NEW GROUND A Collection of Papers in the International Centre’s Canada-China Cooperation Programme March 2002 Breaking New Ground: A Collection of Papers in the International Centre’s Canada-China Cooperation Programme ISBN 0-9730432-1-0 Copyright © 2002 The International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy ICCLR&CJP 1822 East Mall Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z1 Tel: + 604-822-9875 Fax:+ 604-822-9317 Email: [email protected] No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy. Printed and bound in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 3 CONTENTS Page Preface .........................................................................................................................5 Chapter 1: Ratification and Implementation of International Human Rights Instruments...............................................................................................11 Interaction Between International and Domestic Human Rights Law: A Canadian Perspective Irit Weiser and Elisabeth Eid .................................................................................. 13 Canada’s International Human Rights Obligations: Their Impact on the Domestic Legal Process Rebecca Winesanker Hunter...................................................................................21 International Human Rights Law – The Canadian Experience Douglas Sanders ...................................................................................................77 Implementing International Human Rights Treaties: China Peter Burns, Q.C. ................................................................................................. 115 The Recognition of Universal Standards Vincent C. Yang, PhD ...........................................................................................123 Chapter 2: International Standards in Criminal Law and the Criminal Justice System ...........................................................................145 Implementing International Standards in Search and Seizure: Striking the Balance Between Enforcing the Law and Respecting the Rights of the Individual Daniel Préfontaine, Q.C. ...................................................................................... 147 The Right To Silence – International Norms and Domestic Realities Eileen Skinnider and Frances Gordon .....................................................................163 United Nations Standards Reflected in the Canadian Criminal Justice System: The Right To Counsel Daniel Prefontaine Q.C. and Eileen Skinnider..........................................................193 Systems of Proof in Criminal Law Gerry Ferguson................................................................................................... 207 3 Chapter 3: The International Criminal Court ........................................................... 227 The Quest for Global Justice: An Overview of International Legal and Judicial Developments in Human Rights and Criminal Law and the ICC Daniel Prefontaine Q.C. ....................................................................................... 229 Implementing the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: The Canadian Experience Valerie Oosterveld and Elisabeth Eid...................................................................... 241 Chapter 4: Review and Evaluation of Legal Aid Systems in Canada and China ............255 The Responsibility of States to Provide Legal Aid Eileen Skinnider...................................................................................................257 The Role of Government and the Provision of Legal Aid in Canada Maureen Maloney, Q.C. ........................................................................................271 The Development of Legal Aid Systems in Selected Jurisdictions Eileen Skinnider.................................................................................................. 287 Legal Aid Delivery Models in Canada: Past Experiences and Future Directions Ab Currie............................................................................................................311 Canadian Legal Aid Evaluations: Cost Efficiency and Cost Effectiveness Lessons Paul J. Brantingham............................................................................................ 343 Review of Legal Aid in China Vincent C. Yang, PhD .......................................................................................... 367 Chapter 5: The Role of Prosecutors in Canada and China...........................................379 The Chinese Procurators – A Comparative Perspective Vincent C. Yang, PhD ...........................................................................................381 The Role of Crown Counsel in British Columbia David Winkler, Q.C............................................................................................. 391 Chapter 6: Sentencing and Corrections .................................................................... 407 The Study and Comparisons of Chinese and Canadian Correctional Systems Vincent C. Yang, PhD ..........................................................................................409 Corrections and Conditional Release in Canada Brian Tkachuk and Vincent C. Yang, PhD, eds. ..................................................... 419 4 5 PREFACE he International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy (ICCLR), for- mally affiliated with the United Nations, is an independent, non-profit, inter-regional Torganization that contributes to national, regional and international efforts to promote the rule of law in the administration of criminal justice around the world. The Centre supports these efforts through policy analysis, technical assistance, information exchange and research. In doing so, the Centre is guided by international human rights standards, Canadian foreign policy objectives and United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme priori- ties. This publication of papers is the culmination of several years of work undertaken by ICCLR in China as part of the China-Canada Criminal Law/Justice Cooperation Programme. The pro- gramme consisted of three separate but interconnected projects involving the criminal law and procedure reforms to Chinese law, the development of National Legal Aid legislation and the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in China. ICCLR wishes to acknowledge the generous funding assistance received from the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the Ford Foundation. The Centre wishes to extend its deepest appreciation to all of the government officials and other professionals that contributed their time and expertise to the success of the program. This included representatives from the Government of Canada from CIDA, Justice Canada, the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, Heritage Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Correctional Service of Canada, the National Parole Board of Canada, the Canadian Human Rights Commission and the Office of the Commissioner of Judicial Affairs. A special word of thanks is extended to the Ambassador and staff of the Canadian Embassy in Beijing for their ongoing commitment and support throughout the duration of the programme. Several provincial governments and agencies have been very supportive of our ef- forts with strong representation from the Ministry of the Attorney General of British Columbia, the British Columbia Human Rights Commission and the Human Rights Tribunal, the British Columbia Organized Crime Agency, the Justice Institute of British Columbia, the Legal Services Society of British Columbia and the Continuing Legal Education Society, the Legal Society of Saskatchewan, the Legal Services Society of Ontario and the Quebec Legal Aid Commission. The Programme is particularly indebted to the Justices and staff of the Supreme Court of Canada and the Supreme Court of British Columbia for graciously agreeing to host and conduct study tours for the Chinese delegates who visited Canada as a key part of the programme. The 4 5 Centre is also grateful for the enduring
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