HOERBIGER Cleencom Product Technologies Rich-To-Lean Burn Engine Conversions December 3, 2014 Agenda

HOERBIGER CleenCOM Product Technologies Rich-to-Lean Burn Engine Conversions December 3, 2014 Agenda

. CleenCOM Technology Overview . What is “Rich” and “Lean” burn combustion? . What is HOERBIGER CleenCOM? . Canadian Emissions Legislation . Alberta/BC Green House Gas Credits . HOERBIGER CleenCOM ROI . Future Work . Next Steps? . Wrap Up / Q & A

Product Technology Path to Efficiency & Performance

CleenCOM Level 4 CleenCOM CleenCOM CleenCOM Level 3 RTL + ePCC + PFI + Level 1 Level 2 Varispark + RTL RTL + RTL + ePCC Engine Tuning + ePCC + Varispark + PFI2 Electronic + Pre-Chamber Varispark1 5 Combustion Control 4 (ePCC) 3 Factory Rich-to- 2 Lean Burn Conversion (RTL)

Factory Rich 1 Burn

Time

1-Varispark with CPU-95EVS 2-PFI: Port Fuel Injector Product Technology Path to Efficiency & Performance

Factory Rich-to- Lean Burn Conversion (RTL)

Factory Rich 1 Burn

Time Rich Burn vs Lean Burn Combustion Technology

Rich Burn . Main chamber has excess fuel . No pre-combustion chamber spark . No gas admission valve plug . Fuel mixture in main chamber is easier to ignite . More emissions are released including

NOx, CO2 and. CxHx. . Has high exhaust temperature . Requires an after treatment to keep

emissions low (eg. Catalytic converter) main chamber (excess fuel)  < 1

 = Air/Fuel Ratio Rich Burn vs Lean Burn Combustion Technology

Lean Burn spark . Main chamber has excess air admission plug valve . Pre-combustion chamber . Admission valve . The spark plug ignites the rich fuel mixture in the pre-chamber to produce a flame that ignites the lean mixture in the main chamber . Has lower emissions, exhaust temperature and doesn’t require any after treatment pre-combustion main chamber (excess air) chamber  > 1

 = Air/Fuel Ratio Lean Burn Engine Benefits

Lean-burn engines have lower exhaust gas temperatures (200-250°C lower) and a leaner air/fuel ratio than equivalent rich-burn engines:

. Lower peak combustion temps result in lower NOX emissions . Lower combustion temp’s lead to longer life cycle for power cylinder components (head, pistons, valves, seats) . Lower the rate of oil nitration which increase the life of the oil (reduces oil change frequencies) Mobile Technical Topic 2009 Nitration of Lubricating Oil in NG Engines

Rate of Nitration

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 11 % O2 in Exhaust

Infrared Infrared Absorbance/cm VHP GL 9.8% VHP GSI 1.35% (< 0.5 IA/cm) (Best Economy) Rich-to-Lean Cooling System Requirements

Cooling Loads (kW) at Engine Rated Conditions Coolant Waukesha Waukesha GSI-GL Component Increase Loop L7042 GSI L7042 GL Increase Engine Main 1,022 825 -197.0 -197.0 Oil Cooler Auxiliary 102 126 +24.0 Intercooler Auxiliary 66 159 +93.0 +117.0 Compressor Auxiliary 16.4 16.4 0.0 Cooler Total 1,206.4 1,126.4 -80.0 -80.0

. The cooling requirement for the auxiliary loop will increase. Additional cooling capacity may need to be added.

. The cooling for the main coolant line will decrease and there will be more cooling capacity which would be beneficial during hot days. Fuel Gas

Fuel gas must be free of any particles and liquids including coolant, water and hydrocarbons

. Dew point of fuel gas to be 11°C below gas inlet temperature

. The fuel gas must be treated to remove any liquid and any gas that will condense in the engine due to pressure and temperature changes.

. Coalescing filters and scrubbers are required as addition insurance to remove any liquids in the fuel gas after the fuel gas treatment.

. Particle filters are also required for the fuel gas. Agenda

. What is “Rich” and “Lean” burn combustion? . What is HOERBIGER CleenCOM? . Canadian Emissions Legislation . Alberta/BC Green House Gas Credits . HOERBIGER CleenCOM ROI . Future Work . Next Steps? . Wrap Up / Q & A

Product Technology Path to Efficiency & Performance

CleenCOM Level 1 RTL + Electronic Pre-Chamber Combustion Control (ePCC) Factory Rich-to- 2 Lean Burn Conversion (RTL)

Factory Rich 1 Burn

Time

1-PFI with GV50 2-Varispark with CPU-95EVS Factory vs HOERBIGER Pre-Chamber Technology

Factory Lean Burn CleenCOM Lean Burn

mechanical electronic admission admission valve valve

spark spark fuel plug plug fuel

main chamber pre-combustion main chamber (excess air) (excess air)  > 1, chamber  > 1

 = Relative Air/Fuel Ratio HOERBIGER CleenCOM Lean Burn Combustion Stability! CleenCOM ePCC Unstable Lean Combustion Stable Lean Combustion

225 psi

150 psi 25 psi

Consistent firing pressure every Cycle-to-cycle variations In firing engine cycle is achieved with pressure due to mechanical valve! precise pre-chamber fueling! HOERBIGER CleenCOM Lean Burn Combustion Stability

More consisting firing pressure result in:

. Increase power . Reduced opportunity for damage of power cylinder components from misfires or detonations . Longer service/oil change intervals . Extended life of power cylinder components . Reduced NOx emissions

DET-1600 – Detonation & Misfire Protection

. It protects natural gas fueled engines from destructive knock and detonation. . Vibration sensors are mounted onto the engine to monitor for misfire and detonation. . It will automatically reduce the load to reduce misfire and detonation. . It can also adjust the ignition timing if combined with a digital ignition system. . If the adjustments don’t work then as a last resort it will shutdown the engine.

HOERBIGER CleenCOM Electronic Pre-Combustion Control (ePCC)

Solenoid Driver Module (SDM) EZ-Rail ePCC Valve Driver for ePCC Valve Pre-Chamber Fuelling Control Electronically (1 SDM for up to 20 cylinders) Controlled Fuel Rail Admission (>70psi) Valve (1 per cylinder)

Intake Manifold

ENGINE

Intake Manifold Altronic DET-1600 Detonation & Misfire Protection

Fuel Rail (>70psi)

EZ-Rail HOERBIGER CleenCOM

Solenoid Driver Module (SDM) EZ-Rail ePCC Valve Driver for Pre-Chamber Fuelling Control (1 SDM for up to 12 cylinders) Fuel Rail (>70psi) Rosemount Flow Meter Installed on engine before CleenCOM is installed to Intake Manifold quantify fuel consumption. ENGINE

Intake Manifold Altronic DET-1600 Detonation & Misfire Protection

Fuel Rail (>70psi)

EZ-Rail Product Technology Path to Efficiency & Performance

CleenCOM CleenCOM Level 1 Level 2 RTL+ RTL + Electronic ePCC Pre-Chamber + 1 5 Varispark Combustion Control 4 (ePCC) 3 Factory Rich-to- 2 Lean Burn Conversion (RTL)

Factory Rich 1 Burn

Time

1-Varispark with CPU-95EVS CPU95-EVS – Digital Ignition Systems

. Electronically controls the ignition. . 6 spark energy profiles to select from. . Set it to maximize engine performance and improve combustion stability. . Ignite lean mixture for emission reduction. . Improve starting and loading characteristics. . Profiles can be changed while the engine is running. . It can independently control each spark’s intensity and duration. The energy are often order of magnitude higher then other ignition technology. . Assure combustion of leaner mixture, operate at higher efficiency and extend service intervals.

HOERBIGER CleenCOM Plus Altronic Ignition Control &Detonation/Misfire Protection

Intake Manifold

ENGINE Altronic DET-1600 Intake Manifold Detonation & Misfire Altronic VariSpark Protection Ignition Control

Fuel Rail (>70psi)

EZ-Rail Waukesha L7042GL + CleenCOM Plus INJECTOR LEAD RAIL (EZ-Rail) & CleenCOM Panel SDM SDM CleenCOM Panel VariSpark DET-1600 Ignition J-box

EZ-Rail DE3000

ePCC Pulse Width Product Technology Path to Efficiency & Performance

CleenCOM CleenCOM CleenCOM Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 RTL RTL + RTL + ePCC

+ ePCC + Varispark + PFI2 Electronic + Pre-Chamber Varispark1 5 Combustion Control 4 (ePCC) 3 Factory Rich-to- 2 Lean Burn Conversion (RTL)

Factory Rich 1 Burn

Time

1-Varispark with CPU-95EVS 2-PFI: Port Fuel Injector HOERBIGER CleenCOM PFI

HOERBIGER GV50/70/90 Port Fuel Injectors

. Injects fuel based on an electric signal into the air stream from the intake manifold before it enters the main chamber. . Eliminate the carburetor, hydraulic governor and mechanical admission valves. . Fast response speed governing. . Precise control of fuel injection at start-up and load changes. . Improves combustion stability with firing cylinders at “full load” fueling.

HOERBIGER CleenCOM Electronic Pre-Combustion Control (ePCC)

Solenoid Driver Module (SDM) EZ-Rail PFI Driver for PFI Fuelling Control Port Fuel (1 SDM for up to 20 cylinders) Injector Fuel Rail (1 per cylinder)

Intake Manifold

ENGINE

Intake Manifold

Fuel Rail

EZ-Rail Agenda

Emissions Regulations: Current

Stationary Non-Emergency SI Natural Gas Engines: Brake Specific Output

NO CO Legislating X VOC NOTES (g/hp-hr) District (g/hp-hr) (g/kW-hr) (g/hp-hr) (g/kW-hr)

Engines commissioned after May 1988 1 of more than 600kW. Alberta 4.5 6.0* None None None *Emissions limits based on Best Available Developed Technology (BADT).

2 **NOX is NO2 equivalent (NO+NO2). BC 2.0 2.7** None None None Drivers more than 200 hours per year.

Canada has no current regulations on CO or VOC’s! Sources 1-Informational Letter 88-5 (IL88-5) 2-BC Reg. 254/2005 Environmental Management Act: Oil and Gas Waste Regulations 3-US Federal Register CFR 40 Parts 60, 63, et al. Emissions Regulations (Proposed): January 1, 2015

Stationary Non-Emergency SI Natural Gas Engines: Brake Specific Output

NO CO Legislating Engine X Timeline NOTES (g/hp- (g/kW- District Type (g/hp-hr) (g/kW-hr) hr) hr)

Regular Use >75kW 2015 Modern 2.0 2.7 None None Low Use >100kW

50% total engine fleet Environment power compliant or 8 Canada1 2021 Original 3.0 4.0 None None g/kW-hr yearly fleet average

100% total engine fleet 2026 Original 3.0 4.0 None None power compliant.

Note Modern Engine – Manufactured after January 1, 2015 Original Engine – Manufactured before January 1, 2015, >250kW

Sources 1 – Multi-Sector Air Pollutants Regulations (MSAPR) – June 2014 Agenda

. What is “Rich” and “Lean” burn combustion? . What is HOERBIGER CleenCOM? . Canadian Emissions Legislation . Alberta/BC Green House Gas Credits . Engine pre/post audit requirements. . Additional required equipment? . HOERBIGER CleenCOM ROI . Future Work . Next Steps? . Wrap Up / Q & A

Green House Gas (GHG) Credits via HOERBIGER’s Partnership with Cap-Op Energy

. GHG is measured in units of tonnes of equivalent CO2 (CO2e). . Each emission species are assigned a Global Warming Potential (GWP) factor based on how harmful it is to the environment.

. For example for CO2 it is 1, CH4 is 25 etc… . CO2e is calculated by multiplying the tonnes of the specie by the GWP. . Credit will be give based on the difference in CO2e before and after the engine upgrades.

. Credits are awarded based on actual engine running conditions. . Requires a minimum of (3) pre/post engine audits. . Audits must include engine RPM, IMP/T, AFR, emissions AND fuel flow! . Continuous tracking of the data is required throughout the year

. Credits given for improvements not required by law or for “business as usual” (i.e. not part of a scheduled maintenance)

Green House Gas (GHG) Credits via HOERBIGER’s Partnership with Cap-Op Energy

. GHG reductions must be verified by an independent third party qualified by Alberta Environment’s (AENV) GHG reduction program.

. HOERBIGER is a Level 1 Manufacturer Member with Cap-Op Energy, a qualified GHG quantifier for Alberta. We work with Cap-Op Energy to have them verify the GHG reductions for you.

. We currently aren’t working with any verifiers for BC at the moment.

. A recommended minimum of 5 engines with GHG reduction upgrades is suggested before pursuing GSG credit for it to be financially feasible due to the amount of work involved.

. Credits can be received for up to 8 years with verification (post audits) required every year with daily operating data.

Agenda

HOERBIGER CleenCOM ROI

. Lower exhaust gas temperature (200-250°C lower) and more stable combustion . Reduced opportunity for damage of power cylinder components from abnormal combustion events such as misfires or detonations . Longer life cycle for power cylinder components (head, pistons, valves, seats) . Extending the time it take to replace them from 4 months to 1 year . Lower rate of oil nitration, longer spark plug, piston ring and oil filter life. This leads to longer service/oil change intervals . Extending the service/oil change interval from every 3 months to 6 months . Extending the life of the admission valve . From 6 months (mechanical admission valve) to over a year (ePCC) . Increases fuel savings . Reduced NOx emissions

HOERBIGER CleenCOM: Fuel Consumption Reduction Waukesha Rated Power Fuel Consumption 4000 -237 3500 (7.0%)

3,388 3000 3,151 2500 Rich-to-Lean (R2L)

2000 (kW) 1500

Fuel ConsumptionFuel 1000

500

0 L7042GSI L7042GL (Factory rich) (Factory lean) HOERBIGER CleenCOM: NOx Reductions

Waukesha Rated Power NOx Emissions Standard Carb Setting (Best Economy) and 9.8% Exhaust O 25 2 22 Proposed Limit 3.0 g/bhp-hr (4.0 g/kW-hr) 20

NOx 15 (g/bhp-hr)

5 1.5 0.4 0 L7042GSI L7042GL L7042GL (Factory rich) (Factory lean) (CleenCOM ePCC) Total ROI with HOERBIGER Technology and Partnership with Cap-Op for GHG Credits

Waukesha Waukesha Reduction Savings/C Parameter L7042GSI2 L7042GL2 Unit redits3 (rich burn) CleenCOM D D% ($1000/yr)

Fuel $39000 3388 2855 237 7.0% kW Consumption ($21.5K- 56.5K) CO E $14000 GHG 7600 6407 1193 15.7% 2 tonnes/yr ($10-18K) Events 4 2 2 events / yr Service 50% $2600 Downtime4,6 12 6 6 hrs / yr

Power Events 3 1 2 heads / yr 67% $17600 Cylinder Downtime5,6 30 10 20 hrs / yr 1-Estimated according to CAPP Guide 2003 using $15-credit/tonne TOTAL $73200 2-OEM Waukesha L7042GSI performance ratings & L7042GL CleenCOM dyno data 3-Estimate from at-the-well-head price of $4.97 per Mcf (1000 ft3) 4-Estimated downtime of 3 hours per 2500 hr service 5-Estimated downtime of 10 hours per head/piston/liner swing. 6-Estimated with compressor output of 500 dam3/day (17.657 MMcf/day) Agenda

. What is “Rich” and “Lean” burn combustion? . What is HOERBIGER CleenCOM? . Canadian Emissions Legislation Horizon . Alberta/BC Green House Gas Credits . HOERBIGER CleenCOM ROI . Future Work . Power Upgrades via Cam and/or Turbo . Next Steps? . Wrap Up / Q & A

Product Technology Path to Efficiency & Performance

Factory Rich 1 Burn

Time

1-Varispark with CPU-95EVS 2-PFI: Port Fuel Injector HOERBIGER Engine R&D: Future Work

Power upgrade of L7042GL . L7042GL rated power is 1480hp . Target is to achieve 1700hp . Hoerbiger alternative to Waukesha L7044GSI Series 4 . Involves a custom camshaft and turbo modification to reach higher horsepower . Increase power delivery per stroke. . Power cam needs to achieve 220hp (15%) increase. . Will also achieve regulated emissions (4.0 g/kW-hr)!

Agenda

HOERBIGER’S CleenCOM Solution: Next Steps

Questions:

1. Any bad actor engines with frequent servicing and maintenance?

2. Do you know where your fleet emissions level is at? Any engines not NOx compliant?

3. Any engines delivering the power that you need?

Questions?

Thank You!