DOCSLIB.ORG

Coexistence BLOG 18-9-2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Coexistence BLOG 18-9-2016 Revisiting the ‘middle ground’ of Aboriginal and European co-existence in NSW in the early 1800s While the extensive outdoor gallery of Aboriginal engravings carved into Sydney sandstone over generations of occupation may be gradually fading, a quiet revolution has been unfolding in our understanding of the ‘culture clash’ that followed the 1788 arrival of the First Fleet. And just as the ‘10,000 artworks, carved or painted on stone’1 become harder to see year by year, so too do widely accepted understandings of the past fade, to be replaced by newly incised, ‘out of the rut’ perspectives. Many baby boomers and their antecedents, for example, grew up with the impression that the Aboriginal people who once peopled the Sydney Basin quickly succumbed to disease, dispossession, and demoralisation. But as Grace Karskens explains in The Colony ‘the Sydney region was not suddenly transformed into white space when the first white feet sloshed onto the beaches in that year.’ Indeed, it took ‘six years before whites began building huts and planting maize on 2 the river of the Hawkesbury’. Aboriginal people made a place for themselves Writing about the aftermath of the European’s arrival, Karskens reminds that, ‘On the plain and near the coast, Aboriginal people came to live ‘between’ the lines of the Europeans’ cadastral grids and boundaries, in areas not yet taken, or not wanted, making other histories in places which were hidden from view’.3 As she points out, ‘Despite the disasters that befell them, Aboriginal people successfully made a place for themselves in Sydney for at least four decades’.4 Conflict versus co-existence and the middle-ground history In summarising the overarching message of the late Inga Clendinnen’s Dancing with Strangers, Karskens reminds us that, ‘Australia’s race relations did not begin with racism and violence, but a remarkable ‘springtime of trust’5, one that involved both parties dancing hand in hand as depicted in Lieutenant William Bradley’s watercolour, View of Broken Bay, New South Wales, March 1788. Similarly Clendinnen was at pains to clarify that Governor Phillip: brought a determination verging on obstinacy to the business of persuading the local populations 6 to friendship; a determination rare, possibly unique, in the gruff annals of imperialism. According to Karskens, ‘much of the story of what happened after the early colonial period has been retrieved, patiently pieced together by historians and archaeologists, Indigenous and non-Indigenous’. But she issues a challenge to her fellow historians when she says that as ‘. much more of this ‘middle-ground’ history still needs to be 7 recovered and acknowledged; the story remains, and remains to be told’. 1 Drawing from A Voyage to New South Wales, December 1786–May 1792 by William Bradley (c. 1757-1833), compiled after 1802, (ML ref. Safe1/14 opp. P.90). Reproduced with permission of the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. Citing anthropologist Deborah Bird Rose’s description of how the ‘great wheel of colonisation’ impacted the northern Australian frontier, Karskens reminds that in ‘one newly taken area after another, Aboriginal people disputed and disrupted this new version of time, place and ownership; they challenged the Europeans’ conviction that colonisation was both inevitable and justified by larger historical processes’.8 But in acknowledging such inevitable disputations and dispossessions, Karskens argues for the examination of: the interwoven counter-theme: the one recorded only in fleeting glimpses, as in the corner of our eye—the ‘middle ground’. The world of relations and negotiations between settlers and Aborigines, of words, concepts and practices which crossed over, were grasped, of cultures which 9 overlapped and sometimes ran together on common ground. In The Colony, Karskens saw her ‘ground truthing’ role as continuing Inga Clendinnen’s and Kate Grenville’s ‘project of examining and rethinking early colonial race relations’. In doing so, her aim was to take ‘a broader and longer view’.10 Inner Western Sydney co-existence - The Blaxland and Walker families Based on research into the John Blaxland and Thomas Walker families, this article brings to wider public attention some little known examples of Karsken’s so-called middle ground history of co-existence that occurred after the early colonial period. John Blaxland Esquire11 was arguably the first of his class to voluntarily relocate his family and entrepreneurial business endeavours to the fledgling colony. He arrived with 2 his family in 1807, almost 20 years after the arrival of the First Fleet, and set up enterprises in Sydney and in the vicinity of what is now the inner western suburb of Newington. His younger brother, Gregory Blaxland12 preceded him, arriving with his family in April 1806. Such were John Blaxland’s hopes for his mid life career change that he named his first ‘native’ born child, Louisa Australia Blaxland. The same Louisa Australia (1807-1888) was one of the principal chroniclers of the life and times of the Blaxland and Walker families, assisted by her niece, Anna Francis Walker (1830-1913). A floral artist in her own right, Anna was the granddaughter of John and Harriett Blaxland, and daughter of Anna Elizabeth Blaxland and Commissary Thomas Walker (1791-1861).13 Anna Francis Walker, c1840, pencil sketch of Newington Estate and house from the Parramatta River. From one generation to the next, Louisa and Anna collected and transcribed by hand their emigrant family’s experiences of the penal colony, bringing together surviving family reminiscences and anecdotal scraps of information.14 The extent to which these are self- censored and selectively reported is beyond the scope of this article, although it is widely accepted that the chroniclers of history tend to put the best light on their part in it. While some of the instances of co-existence chronicled by the Blaxland/Walker families occurred in what is now routinely regarded as inner Western Sydney, namely the suburbs of Newington and Rhodes, other episodes took place in Greater Sydney—specifically the Illawarra—as well as the in Upper Hunter Valley. 3 Bungaree’s mimicry skills One of the better-documented Aboriginal men who survived the early colonial period and remained highly visible in the fledgling colony was Bungaree. A Broken Bay tribesman, he proved himself invaluable when he accompanied Matthew Flinders ‘on his northern explorations in mid-1799, and again in 1802 when the Investigator set out to circumnavigate the continent.’ Bungaree: King of the Aborigines of New South Wales. Augustus Earle, 1826. Courtesy State Library of New South Wales Bungaree was valued for his boating and fishing skills, cheerfulness and ability to tactfully communicate with Aboriginal tribes that they encountered on the voyages.’15 He was also ‘. one of these confident, straight-walking people’, Karskens reminds us, describing him as follows: Strangers could see he was a person of authority by the way he carried himself. When he said to them, ‘This is my shore’, he was not talking about ancestral lands, but this new-made country near 16 Sydney, where Aborigines had woven themselves into the urban fabric. While he adopted some of the trappings of the European way of life, the failure of Bungaree and his ‘people’ to embrace farming at Georges Heights was a disappointment to Governor Macquarie. The assumption, falsely held, was that ‘the blacks’, as they were widely termed, would automatically covet the European way of life and its life changing material technology.17 4 Bungaree Creator: Augustus Earle (1793-1838) © In the public domain Bungaree, spelt Bongaree by the Blaxland/Walker chroniclers, makes a number of appearances in family reminiscences, including the nature of the conversations between Commissary Thomas Walker and Bungaree as the following examples illustrate: In . [Governor] Macquarie’s time, there was an amusing old aboriginal whose name was Bongaree [sic] and who was king of Broken Bay – The blacks of these Colonies are great mimics – The Governor gave him some old regimentals and a cocked hat. Bongaree used to dress himself up in these, strutted about, and thought himself a great man. He could imitate the Governor’s walk exactly: anyone could see what he meant when far up the street and he would say “Me walk like Gubner now”. He liked Commissary Walker and would say to him, “Commissary, shake-em- hands.” “Yes, Bongaree [sic],” the Commissary would say, “Shake-em-cane,” offering the other end of his walking stick. 18 “No, not that a way, shake-um-hands the way you do with Gubner”. Fish hook crop failure Unsurprisingly, the Indigenous Australians regarded the Europeans’ stores with a proprietary air, considering that the supply of their own traditional food sources was increasingly being interrupted or jeopardised by the demands of the incomers. In his role of commissary, Thomas Walker, who had learned his provisioning trade in the Napoleonic Wars as a young man, had responsibility for the all-important stores, initially in Van Diemen’s Land and after 1819 in Sydney and district. A good-natured relationship existed between Bungaree and the Commissary, with ‘taking the mickey’ out of the former in evidence in the following account: 5 Bongaree [sic] wanted to fish with fish hooks: he went one day to the Commissariat stores and saw the rations being issued to the men. After waiting some time, he said “Commissary, I want Pish [sic] hook, many pish [sic] hook, do pish [sic] hook grow?” “Yes, Bongaree, here are six, you go and plant them.” “Then I have big tree, all pish [sic] hook, eh?” “Yes, you plant them.” “How soon em [sic] grow?” “In three weeks time.” At the end of that time he came with a long face – “Baal, pish [sic] hook grow” (Baal means 19 not).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Millstone
    The Millstone July – August 2013 www.kurrajonghistory.org.au ISSN 2201-0920 Vol 11 Issue 4 July – August 2013 THE MILLSTONE KURRAJONG ~ COMLEROY HISTORICAL SOCIETY The Kurrajong ~ Comleroy Historical Society is dedicated to researching, recording, preserving and promoting the growth of interest in the history of the Kurrajong district, the area west of the Hawkesbury River bounded by Bilpin and the Grose and Colo rivers THIS ISSUE Colo River tour 2 Four sumpter horses CAROLYNNE COOPER John Low OAM was the guest speaker at the general meeting held wenty people had booked to go on our tour to Colo on April 9 led by Wanda on 27 May. His talk covered the 1813 Deacon. We drove down Comleroy Road to the Upper Colo church where we crossing of the Blue Mountains with Twere given an informative tour, Powerpoint presentation and morning tea before an emphasis on the role played heading off on an adventure of a lifetime. by the four sumpter horses and It is difficult to say when the Colo River was first discovered as white settlers had how horses played a pivotal role in been living on the banks of the Colo River since the early 1800s with the first land most of the expeditions of the early grants being made in 1804. Initially it was called the second branch of the Hawkes- colony. bury River. William Parr on his way northward in 1817 wrote notes on the Colo as did Benjamin Singleton six months later, then John Howe went on an expedition to the 4 The Darkiñung Abstract Hunter in 1819 passing through the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Biography: John Charles Blaxland
    Biography: John Charles Blaxland John Blaxland is Professor of International Security and Intelligence Studies, Director of the ANU Southeast Asia Institute and, since March 2017, Head (acting) of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at ANU, overseeing its three degree programs. He is also a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy and Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales. In addition, he is an active member of the ANU Academic Board as well as the Australian Army Journal editorial board and an occasional commentator in the print, television and radio media. He is a US Department of Defense Minerva Research Initiative grant recipient, and speaks English, Thai and Spanish. John holds a PhD in War Studies from the Royal Military College of Canada, an MA in History from ANU and a BA (Hons 1) from UNSW. He is a graduate of the Royal Thai Army Command & Staff College (dux, foreign students) and the Royal Military College, Duntroon (Blamey Scholar). He has extensive experience in the intelligence community including as the principal intelligence staff officer for the Australian brigade in East Timor in September 1999, as an intelligence exchange officer in Washington DC, as Director Joint Intelligence Operations (J2), at Headquarters Joint Operations Command (2006/7) and as a lead author of the three-volume history of ASIO. In addition he was Australia’s Defence Attaché to Thailand and Myanmar. He teaches “Honeypots and Overcoats: Australian Intelligence in the World” and supervises a number of students undertaking higher degrees by research. His publications and research interests concern intelligence and the security arms of government, Australian military history and strategy, defence studies, military operations (including East Timor, Korea, Iraq and Afghanistan); international relations, notably on South-east Asia (Thailand, Myanmar, Timor Leste, Indonesia, South China Sea, ASEAN), and North America, (Canada/United States).
    [Show full text]
  • Attachments of Ordinary Council Meeting
    ATTACHMENTS FOR: AGENDA NO. 9/19 COUNCIL MEETING Meeting Date: Tuesday 27 August 2019 Location: Council Chambers, Level 1A, 1 Pope Street, Ryde Time: 7.00pm ATTACHMENTS FOR COUNCIL MEETING Item 9 PLANNING PROPOSAL - 68 DENISTONE ROAD, DENISTONE - OUTCOMES OF EXHIBITION Attachment 10 Submission from Property Owner Mills Oakley Lawyers ABN: 51 493 069 734 28 June 2019 Your ref: Our ref: MDSS/KXMS/3382833 All correspondence to: PO Box H316 ^ AUSTRALIA SQUARE NSW 1215 General Manager Contact City of Ryde Kate Marginson +61 2 8035 7850 Locked Bag 2069, Email: [email protected] NORTH RYDE, NSW 1670 Partner Matt Sonter +61 2 8035 7851 [email protected] Email: [email protected] Dear General Manager Planning Proposal PP_2019_RYDEC_001_00 Proposal to list 68 Denistone Road, Denistone as a heritage item in the Ryde Local Environmental Plan 2014 (Council reference D19/79644) (Planning Proposal) We refer to the above Planning Proposal, which was issued a gateway determination by a delegate for the Minister for Planning on 4 April 2018. The Planning proposal seeks to list the property at 68 Denistone Road, Denistone as a heritage item in the Ryde Local Environmental Plan 2014 (RLEP). We act for the owner of the property at 68 Denistone Road, Denistone (the site) and make this submission on their behalf. Our client strongly objects to the listing of the site as a heritage item for the reasons set out in this submission. We are also writing to you to express serious concerns about the process which has been undertaken prior to the application to the Minster for a gateway determination in respect of the site and to bring to your attention the compelling and contradictory evidence which militates strongly against the proposed listing of the site as a heritage item.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating Australian Army Program Performance 106
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Purdue Libraries and School of Information Research Studies 4-14-2020 Australian National Audit Office:v E aluating Australian Army Program Performance Bert Chapman Purdue University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/lib_fsdocs Part of the Accounting Commons, Accounting Law Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, Government Contracts Commons, Information Literacy Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Military and Veterans Studies Commons, Military, War, and Peace Commons, National Security Law Commons, Other International and Area Studies Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Policy History, Theory, and Methods Commons, Political Economy Commons, Political Science Commons, Public Administration Commons, Public Economics Commons, and the Public Policy Commons Recommended Citation Bert Chapman. "Australian National Audit Office:v E aluating Australian Army Program Performance." Security Challenges, 16 (2)(2020): 106-118. Note: the file below contains the entire journal issue. This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Security Challenges Vol. 16 No. 2 2020 Special Issue Plan B for Australian Defence Graeme Dobell John Blaxland Cam Hawker Rita Parker Stephen Bartos Rebecca Strating Mark Armstrong Martin White Bert Chapman Security Challenges Vol. 16 / No. 2 / 2020 Security
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney Printing
    RARE BOOKS • MANUSCRIPTS • PAINTINGS • PRINTS • RARE BOOKS • MANUSCRIPTS • PAINTINGS • PRINTS HORDERN HOUSE HORDERN HOUSE 77 VICTORIA ST POTTS POINT SYDNEY NSW 2011 AUSTRALIA +612 9356 4411 www.hordern.com JULY 2011 Sydney Printers before 1860 chiefly from the Robert Edwards library. [email protected] Hordern House recently received the wonderful library of Dr Robert Edwards AO, and over the next year or two we will be offering the library for sale. Bob is one of the great figures of Australian cultural history, at different times working as a leading anthropologist, a central figure in the study of indigenous art, a museum director and a driving force behind many of the international blockbuster art shows to travel to Australia. His early training as an anthropologist saw him doing fieldwork in remote Australia, and led to him becoming a museum curator in the 1960s and 70s. He was the founding director of the Australia Council’s Aboriginal Arts Board, perhaps most famous for its support of the Papunya Tula artists. He was the Director of the Museum of Victoria from 1984-90, the founding chairman of the National Museum of Australia and the founding chairman of the National Portrait Gallery. He has also for many years been the chief executive of Art Exhibitions Australia which brought to Australia significant exhibitions, including the Entombed Warriors from China (1982), Claude Monet (1985), Van Gogh (1993) and Rembrandt (1997). Bob is an ardent bibliophile, and his Library reflects the discerning taste of a knowledgeable and educated collector. Some books are of such rarity that they are known in only a handful of copies, and his collection embraces early Australian printing, early works on the Australian Aborigines, the major early voyage accounts, as well as works on early settlement and inland exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Army Journal Is Published by Authority of the Chief of Army
    Australian Army Winter edition 2014 Journal Volume XI, Number 1 • What Did We Learn from the War in Afghanistan? • Only the Strong Survive — CSS in the Disaggregated Battlespace • Raising a Female-centric Battalion: Do We Have the Nerve? • The Increasing Need for Cyber Forensic Awareness and Specialisation in Army • Reinvigorating Education in the Australian Army The Australian Army Journal is published by authority of the Chief of Army The Australian Army Journal is sponsored by Head Modernisation and Strategic Planning, Australian Army Headquarters © Commonwealth of Australia 2014 This journal is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of study, research, criticism or review (as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968), and with standard source credit included, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Contributors are urged to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in their articles; the Editorial Advisory Board accepts no responsibility for errors of fact. Permission to reprint Australian Army Journal articles will generally be given by the Editor after consultation with the author(s). Any reproduced articles must bear an acknowledgment of source. The views expressed in the Australian Army Journal are the contributors’ and not necessarily those of the Australian Army or the Department of Defence. The Commonwealth of Australia will not be legally responsible in contract, tort or otherwise for any statement made in this journal. ISSN 1448-2843 Editorial Advisory Board Prof Jeffrey Grey LTGEN Peter Leahy, AC (Retd) MAJGEN Elizabeth Cosson, AM (Retd) Dr John Blaxland BRIG Justin Kelly, AM (Retd) MAJGEN Michael Smith, AO (Retd) Dr Albert Palazzo Mrs Catherine McCullagh Dr Roger Lee RADM James Goldrick (Retd) Prof Michael Wesley AIRCDRE Anthony Forestier (Retd) Australian Army Journal Winter, Volume XI, No 1 CONTENTS CALL FOR PAPERS.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14 – Landowner, Merchant and Banker (1819 - 1837)
    INDUSTRY & PERSEVERANCE - A History of David Brown (1750 – 1836) and Family Manuscript : Alpha 2 July 2016html Chapter 14 – Landowner, Merchant and Banker (1819 - 1837) It is said that there were two distinct social groups of influence having evolved in the early 19th century. One was based on wealth from trade, and the other from land and livestock. James Chisholm managed successfully to have a foot in both ‘camps’, and to even go beyond that, to finance. As a consequence of James’ second marriage (to Mary Bowman) his family expanded steadily over the following years. The first was a son, John (James’ father & father-in-law’s name) William, born to James and Mary on 9 October 1819. Barely nine months later, another son, Alexander (James’ brother’s name), was born to James and Mary on 27 June 1820. James’ new family and business interests tended to put him on a different path to other members of the Brown family. There is evidence enough that he and they continued to keep in touch, and be aware of their connection. During the 1820s James continued to acquire quality real estate to compliment his already considerable holdings. Prospect, Parramatta, Quakers Hill, Camden, and Cabramatta were areas in which he invested.454 His son, James, extended the Chisholm’s interests considerably in the Goulburn region and elsewhere in southern NSW. James’ farming property in the Camden region at the start of the new decade exceeded 3,500 acres. In building it up he had spent considerable time at his St Andrews property making it his business to oversight its management and acquainting himself with what was happening in the neighbourhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Invitation to Discover the Tranquil Side of the Hunter Valley
    Your Invitation to Discover the Tranquil Side of the Hunter Valley The beautiful Broke Fordwich valley has quietly developed into a quality wine tourism region where visitors can enjoy premium wines, olive oils and farm gate products, wonderful restaurants and cafes, luxury accommodation and most importantly, a tranquil Explore & Discover Broke Fordwich Wine Region rural experience which is far removed from the hustle and bustle. Broke Fordwich in the Lower Hunter Valley sits astride The Hunter Valley is the oldest wine growing area the Wollombi Brook – known locally as Cockfighter’s in Australia with plantings dating back to the early It is an easy fifteen minutes drive from the centre of Pokolbin and about two hours drive Creek – that flows into the Hunter River near Walkworth. 1820’s. The Broke Fordwich region now has a mixture of innovative new producers as well as original proud from Sydney via the historic township of Wollombi. Experience the relaxed and charming It is an area of hills and plains and is known for its farming families. Early settlers needed to be self- atmosphere of the region and meet the ‘people who do’- the vignerons, the olive growers, stunning natural beauty and peaceful rural ambience. Flanked by the Brokenback range and including sufficient, so grapes were grown along with fruit and the winemakers and farm gate producers. parts of the World Heritage listed Wollemi and Yengo vegetables, cattle pigs and poultry to feed the family National Parks. and – in some cases – the convicts. Broke village with its rustic country churches and Visit the Broke Fordwich Wine Tourism Association website at old fashioned charm is the focal point of the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Challenges Security Security Challenges
    SECURITY CHALLENGES SECURITY CHALLENGES VOLUME 15 NUMBER 1 2019 Shaping Australian Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: Thoughts on a Reflective Framework of Analysis Australia’s First Spies: Joyobroto Sanya The Remarkable Story of Australia’s Intelligence Operations 1901-45 by John Fahey Re-assessing Australia’s Intra-alliance Reviewed by Daniel Baldino Bargaining Power in the Age of Trump Thomas Wilkins Global Defense Procurement and the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter by Bert Chapman China’s Sweeping Military Reforms: Reviewed by Andrew Davies VOLUME 15 NUMBER 1 2019 15 VOLUME Implications for Australia Bates Gill and Adam Ni Handbook on the United States in Asia: Managing Hegemonic Decline, Retaining One Man’s Radical: The Radicalisation Debate Influence in the Trump Era by Andrew T. H. Tan and Australian Counterterrorism Policy Reviewed by Greg Raymond Nell Bennett Is Non-Western Democracy Possible? The Changing Operational Security A Russian Perspective edited by Landscape for Sensitive National Capabilities Alexei D. Voskressenski Martin White Reviewed by Elizabeth Buchanan Security Challenges Volume 15 Number 1 (2019) Security Challenges ISSN 1833 – 1459 EDITORS: Dr Greg Raymond Chris Farnham Dr Elizabeth Buchanan Managing Editor Managing Editor Managing Editor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Robert Wylie GeoFF Hunt Consulting Editor Defence Industry Policy Production Editor [email protected] [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD: Robert Ayson Sam Bateman Rod Lyon Victoria University University oF Wollongong
    [Show full text]
  • Heritage Drive” Drive” Heritage “Penrith of Copyright ©2016
    w visitpenrith.com.au [email protected] ST MARY THORNTON VICTORIA BRIDGE EMU PLAINS 1300 736 836 736 1300 PENRITH MAGDALENE CHURCH Thornton Hall was built in 1870 Victoria Bridge is a main link PUBLIC SCHOOL : St Mary Magdalene Anglican by Thomas Smith, an alderman across the Nepean River between The original Emu Plains Public Tourism Penrith contact Drive Heritage Penrith the of copy a For HERITAGE Church and Cemetery were on Penrith’s first municipal Penrith and Emu Plains on the School was officially opened in Penrith Street, High 601 consecrated in 1840 by Australia’s council and the first publican of Great Western Highway. The August 1877 by NSW Premier Library City Penrith first Anglican bishop, William the Red Cow Hotel. It was home original bridge, opened in Sir Henry Parkes. Attached to visit: sites heritage these on information more For DRIVE Grant Broughton. The cemetery to two of Mr Smith’s sons, former 10 January 1856, was destroyed 16 this attractive stone school is the 22 4 Council. City Penrith in vests contains memorials to the Penrith mayor Thomas Richard by floods in 1857. Its successor former schoolmaster’s residence. ©2016 Copyright of “Penrith Heritage Drive” Drive” Heritage “Penrith of Copyright ©2016 Penrith is a City with a rich and colourful history pioneers of the district including Captain Phillip Gidley King, Smith and Sydney Smith, a member of Sir Henry Parkes’ ministry. was washed away in May 1860. In 1869, with John Whitton as The old school now serves as a community centre and is home to Copyright which you can see for yourself, learn about the third Governor of NSW, other members of the King family THORNTON HALL Engineer-in-Chief of the NSW Railways, the Victoria Bridge was the Nepean Family History Society.
    [Show full text]
  • LINNEAN SOCIETY of LONDON Records and Collections Reels
    AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON Records and collections Reels M596-97 Linnean Society of London Burlington House Piccadilly London W1V 0LQ National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1965 CONTENTS Page 3 Historical note 4 Archives of the Linnean Society, 1806-71 4 Correspondence of Alexander and William Macleay, 1805-59 8 Correspondence of William Swainson, 1816-40 10 Miscellaneous manuscripts 12 Journals and notebooks of Alfred Wallace, 1855-61 13 Minute book of the Society for Promoting Natural History, 1790-95 2 HISTORICAL NOTE The Swedish naturalist Carl Linneaus, the author of Systema Naturae, died in 1778. In 1784 a young English medical student, James Edward Smith, purchased from Linneaus’s son most of the Linnean private collection of books, manuscripts and natural history specimens. Four years later Smith founded the Linnean Society. In 1802, when the Linnean Society of London received a royal charter, it comprised 228 fellows. Smith was president of the Society from 1788 until his death in 1828. The Society has been based at Burlington House since 1857. It began publishing its Transactions in 1791, while the Proceedings of the Linnean Society first appeared in 1839. Subsequently it published the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (1856+) and the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (1856+). Fellows of the Linnean Society resident in Australia in the nineteenth century included William Archer, George Bennett, Sir Thomas Brisbane, George Everett, George W. Francis, Sir John Franklin, Ronald C. Gunn, Sir John Jamison, Phillip P. King, Alexander McLeay, William S. Macleay, Sir Ferdinand von Mueller, John S.
    [Show full text]
  • In from the Cold: Reflections on Australia's Korean
    IN FROM THE COLD REFLECTIONS ON AUSTRALIA’S KOREAN WAR IN FROM THE COLD REFLECTIONS ON AUSTRALIA’S KOREAN WAR EDITED BY JOHN BLAXLAND, MICHAEL KELLY AND LIAM BREWIN HIGGINS Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760462727 ISBN (online): 9781760462734 WorldCat (print): 1140933889 WorldCat (online): 1140933931 DOI: 10.22459/IFTC.2019 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: The story of a patrol 15 miles into enemy territory, c. 1951. Photographer: A. Gulliver. Source: Argus Newspaper Collection of Photographs, State Library of Victoria. This edition © 2020 ANU Press CONTENTS Acknowledgements . vii List of maps and figures . ix Maps . xiii Chronology . .. xix Contributors . xxvii Glossary . xxxiii Introduction . 1 John Blaxland Part 1. Politics by other means: Strategic aims and responses 1 . Setting a new paradigm in world order: The United Nations action in Korea . 29 Robert O’Neill 2 . The Korean War: Which one? When? . 49 Allan Millett 3 . China’s war for Korea: Geostrategic decisions, war-fighting experience and high-priced benefits from intervention, 1950–53 . 61 Xiaobing Li 4 . Fighting in the giants’ playground: Australians in the Korean War . 87 Cameron Forbes 5 . The transformation of the Republic of Korea Army: Wartime expansion and doctrine changes, 1951–53 .
    [Show full text]