Systematic Treatment of Species of

Key to the tribes of the Olethreutinae Key to the British species of ;

1. Hindwing with vein M2 (5) straight and almost par- 1. Forewing almost parallel-sided and with termen at allel to vein M3 (4)...... Grapholithini (p. 169) 65°–70° to costa. Male genital valve with toothed Hindwing with vein M2 (5) curved towards vein M3 spatulate projection. Female genital ostium strongly (4) basally...... 2 sculptured...... venosana (p. 10) 2. Thorax with dorsal crest; male without costal fold on Forewing with apex more acute, angle of termen to forewing...... Olethreutini (p. 11) costa less than 60°. Male genital valve without spat- Thorax smooth, without dorsal crest; male often ulate projection. Female genital ostium less strongly with forewing costal fold ...... 3 sculptured...... 2 3. Hindwing with veins M2 (5), M3 (4) & Cu1 (3) close 2. Male genitalia with base of valve forming a swollen, together at base but vein M2 (5) clearly.arising sepa- smoothly rounded sacculus with a narrow central rately; apex of forewing often markedly acute. . . . depression in its inner surface...... 3 ���������������������������������������������������������������������� (p. 6) Male genitalia with base of valve roughly indented Hindwing with these veins otherwise; apex of fore- before expanding into a less regularly rounded sac- wing less acute, tending towards rectangular. . . . 4 culus with a broad central depression...... 4 4. Hindwing with veins M3 (4) & Cu1 (3) stalked or 3. Distal half of ventral margin of male valve with stout fused...... 5 spines that become less dense towards the sacculus. Hindwing with M3 (4) & Cu1 (3) otherwise...... Forewing usually with irregular contrasting trans- �����������������������������������������������������������Enarmoniini (p. 63) verse bands...... furfurana (p. 6) 5. Hindwing with veins M3 (4) & Cu1 (3) fused (i.e. Distal half of ventral margin of male valve with stout Cu1(3) absent)...... Enarmoniini(part) (p. 63) spines that become more dense towards the saccu- Hindwing with veins M3 (4) & Cu1 (3) stalked. . . .6 lus. Forewing usually without a distinct transverse 6. Forewing falcate at apex...... 7 pattern...... lacteana (p. 9) Forewing not falcate at apex. . . .Eucosmini (p. 82) 4. The broad central depression in the inner surface of 7. Forewing with veins R4 (8) and R5 (7) stalked. . . . the sacculus with a group of stout flattened pegs ���������������������������������������������������Eucosmini (part) (p. 82) at the ventral end and a similar additional stout peg, Forewing with veins R4 (8) and R5 (7) separate or sometimes two, near the distal margin of the depres- from a single point. �����������Enarmoniini (part) (p. 63) sion. A saltmarsh species...... robustana (p. 9) The broad central depression in the inner surface of the sacculus with a group of stout flattened pegs Tribe Bactrini Falkovitsh, 1962 at the ventral end and with, or without, a smaller, usually more slender, spine near the distal margin Represented by only a single genus in Britain and Europe. of the depression. A general marshland species. . . �������������������������������������������������������������������������lancealana (p. 8) BACTRA Stephens, 1834 APHELIA Stephens, 1829, Nom. Br. : 47. praeocc. (Haworth, [1811]) BACTRA Stephens, 1834, Illust. Br. Ent.(Haustellata) 4: Tortrix furfurana Haworth, [1811], Lepid. Br. (3): 466. 124. ?Cochylis acutana Eversmann, 1844, Fauna Lepid. Volgo- LEPTIA Guenée, 1845, Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2) 3: 169. Ural. : 529. CHILOIDES Butler, 1881, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.(5) 7: 392. Phoxopteris lamana Lienig & Zeller, 1846, Isis von Oken NOTERAULA Meyrick, 1892, Trans. New Zealand Inst. 24: (Leipzig) 1846 (3): 257. 217. Tortrix (Aphelia) scirpana Herrich-Schäffer, 1851, Syst. A large genus of about 100 species with representatives Bearbeitung Schmett. Eur. 4: 243. in all parts of the world. At least 4 species are resident in Sciaphila canuisana Millière, 1874, Rev. Mag. Zool. (3) 2: 247. the British Isles. All members of this genus are very simi- Bactra helophaea Meyrick, 1928, Exotic Microlepid. 2: 442. lar in appearance but the following key can be used to Bactra longinqua Diakonoff, 1959, Bijdr. dierk. 29: 174. separate them: Type locality: England; Kent.

© koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2015 | doi 10.1163/9789004264366_003 Bactrini: BACTRA 7

Wingspan 13–19 mm. Forewing with apex acute, termen 1. at 45°–50° to costa. Forewing colour pale orangy brown mixed to varying degrees with dark brown; costa vaguely strigulated whitish; markings white, thinly dotted down centre with brown, varying from sharply outlined, to much interrupted or rather obscure; a transverse fascia obliquely from ⅓ costa, angled just below median cell, to reach dorsum at ⅓; a projection from the angle of this fascia passes alongside the fold towards the tornus, then at halfway to tornus bends towards the apex, but then turns obtusely to run parallel to the termen to reach the tornus; another fascia from ½ costa towards the tornus, 2. meeting the above projection on the obtuse turn; cilia very variable. Hindwing brown to dark brown; basal cili- ary line concolorous; outer cilia paler, with another slightly darker line. Underside of forewing brown to dark brown with no pale costal spotting; cilia concolorous after a pale basal line. Hindwing underside brown to dark brown; cilia paler. Abdomen brown. Genitalia, see figures 141 ♂ & ♀. Similar species. See Key above.

3. Life history ovum. Laid in July – August on common spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris) and possibly compact rush ( conglomeratus). Thurnall (1894) in the initial account of rearing this species gives common club-rush ( lacustris) as the foodplant but this was corrected by Tutt (1894) and discussed by Heckford (1998b). larva. Head black. Body shining translucent green; pinacula concolorous; prothoracic plate dark brown, medial sulcus whitish. 4. April – May; feeds in the stem of the rush, extruding green- ish frass which may be seen at intervals on the surface; apparently moves from stem to stem, hollowing them out and stunting their growth, frequently causing them to turn brown and decay (Thurnall, 1894); the species may occur in areas which are flooded during winter and so pre- sumably the immature stages are able to withstand pro- longed immersion (K.G.M. Bond, pers.comm.). pupa. Greenish yellow, wing covers darker. Late May – Text-figure 4 Diagram of left valve of male genitalia of June; in a slight silken cocoon in a stem of the foodplant. (a) Bactra furfurana, (b) Bactra lacteana, imago. Univoltine. June – August; rests low down (c) , (d) Bactra robustana. amongst rushes and other vegetation during the morning; flies in the afternoon, and in warm weather continues on British usage: furfurana Wilkinson 1859,147; Meyrick 1895,457; the wing until dusk; later comes to light. Barrett 1906,131; Pierce & Metcalfe 1922,40, pl.14; Meyrick 1928,563; Ford 1949,75; Bradley, Tremewan & Smith 1979,73. Distribution (Map 141) Frequents marshes, bogs, banks of streams and canals and Description of imago (Pl.21, fig.141) margins of lakes and ponds. Widely distributed and some- Labial palps, head, thorax and tegulae ochreous brown to times common; occurring throughout the British Isles, brown. less frequent in northern Scotland but recorded from