DIIS REPORT 2011:11 Gaza’s NEW ISLAMISTS: THE ATOMIZatION OF PALESTINIAN ISLAMISM SINCE 2006 Leila Stockmarr DIIS REPORT 2011:11 DIIS REPORT DIIS · DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 DIIS REPORT 2011:11 © Copenhagen 2011, Leila Stockmarr and DIIS DIIS - Danish Institute for International Studies Strandgade 56, DK-1401 Copenhagen, Denmark Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail:
[email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Cover photo: Jo Kelcey, Hamas graffiti in Gaza City Layout: Mark Gry Christiansen Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi AS ISBN 978-87-7605-469-4 Price: DKK 50.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk Hardcopies can be ordered at www.diis.dk Leila Stockmarr, MSc, MA, Research Assistant, DIIS
[email protected] 2 DIIS REPORT 2011:11 Indhold Abstract 4 Executive Summary 4 1. Introduction 7 The Report 8 Background: dire straits in Gaza 10 2. The Insertion of Islamism into Palestinian Politics and External Reactions 12 2006: not shocking, but a logical consequence 13 Mecca and the June 2007 takeover 15 3. Hamas’ Rule in Gaza: Governing the Ungovernable 18 Ruling Gaza 18 Oppressive trends – downscaling ideology 20 Hamas’ dilemma: between pragmatism and integrity 22 4. Gaza’s New Islamists 25 The debate: Palestinian al-Qaeda-ism 25 Hamas versus al-Qaeda – some differences 26 Areas of dissent: between al-da’wa and jihadism 28 ‘Rolling thunder’: introducing Gaza’s new jihadis 30 An Islamic Emirate in Gaza? 33 New Shi’a presence in Gaza – exporting the Iranian model? 36 Withdrawal from the political sphere: educating and agitating for public piety 37 Non-violent Islamists as political instruments 39 Hizb ut-Tahrir: pacifist but aggressive 39 A politicised puzzle 41 5.