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Mature in Christ: the Contribution of Ephesians and Colossians to Constructing Christian Maturity in Modernity

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Mature in Christ: the Contribution of Ephesians and Colossians to Constructing Christian Maturity in Modernity Durham E-Theses Mature in Christ: the contribution of Ephesians and Colossians to constructing Christian maturity in modernity Matthews, Bradley J. How to cite: Matthews, Bradley J. (2009) Mature in Christ: the contribution of Ephesians and Colossians to constructing Christian maturity in modernity, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1345/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Mature in ChristChrist:::: The Contribution of Ephesians and Colossians tototo Constructing Christian Maturity ininin ModernModernityityityity Bradley J. Matthews Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Theology & Religion Durham University 2009 Abstract This thesis addresses the manner in which Christian maturity is constructed in modernity. The premise developed through the course of the study is that modern works on the nature of Christian maturity have disregarded, or even been ignorant of, the genealogy of maturity. Thus, their constructions of Christian maturity are significantly influenced by modern ideals that are, at times, at odds with ideals espoused by the biblical texts. Specifically, the Enlightenment directed the goal of human existence towards individual autonomy, and subsequent psycho-social theory has standardised the attainment of this goal according to a series of developmental stages. Whilst there are different trends in modern constructions of Christian maturity, the paradigm of developing individual autonomy is still the underlying principle of each construct. I argue that the ancient world constructed maturity in a fundamentally different manner. Human teleology referenced not only individual persons, but also a divine figure, social group, and the cosmos. Even though Ephesians and Colossians express their theology of Christian maturity in different ways, both letters present a remarkably similar construction that operates within the ancient referential framework. Christian maturity is the eschatological existence of believers, both as individuals and as the corporate community of the Church, in Christ. Moreover, within the mystery of God’s plan, the attainment of Christian maturity is the mechanism that will bring about the redemption of the entire cosmos. Thus, Ephesians and Colossians construct Christian maturity so that the teleology of the individual references the triune God, the Church and the cosmos. This reading that is based on a historical and philological exegesis of Ephesians and Colossians necessitates the hermeneutical task of determining how to re-appropriate this theology of Christian maturity in the modern world. I argue that there are three distinct features of the construction of Christian maturity when compared to other ancient constructions, namely its basis in God’s mystery, in the somatic nature of the Church, and especially in union with Christ. Whilst it is not possible to return to a pre-modern conception of human teleology, it is possible to recover these three distinct features within the modern discourse about maturity. The proposal offered demonstrates how the recovery of these distinct features provides the necessary corrective to the modern construction of Christian maturity. ii Declaration This work has been submitted to the University of Durham in accordance with the regulations for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. It is the author’s own work, and none of it has been previously submitted to any university or college for a degree. iii Copyright The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form without prior consent, and information derived from it should be acknowledged. iv Acknowledgements It is with sincere gratitude that I express my thanks to my supervisors, Dr. Stephen C. Barton and Prof. John M.G. Barclay, both of whom demonstrated a pastoral sensitivity as they modelled and encouraged academic rigour. As my primary supervisor, Stephen’s adroit, jovial and sound guidance throughout this project ensured a positive and growing momentum towards its completion. Likewise, John’s winsome precision during the oversight of the exegetical portions of this thesis was an invaluable resource. I am indebted to you both. I am also grateful to Prof. Francis B. Watson and Dr. Andrew D. Clarke for agreeing to serve as readers of this thesis. Their encouragement and collegiality was evident in their constructive criticisms and suggestions for future research. Thanks also are due to many staff members and fellow postgraduate students in the Department of Theology & Religion and at St. John’s College. In particular, I am grateful for the academic, professional and administrative support provided by Prof. Loren T. Stuckenbruck, Dr. Richard Briggs, and Ellen Middleton. Most especially, I am thankful for my friend and colleague, Dr. Michael J. Lakey, who has been so generous with his time and gifts. Michael’s camaraderie, combined with his proclivity to process externally, was a regular support that simultaneously identified portions of the thesis in need of further inquiry. I also wish to express my gratitude to the faculty and staff of Covenant Theological Seminary. I am indebted to them for their encouraging words, prayers and generosity with my time during the final stages of completing this thesis. To my parents, Gary and Sally Matthews, I am thankful for their regular encouragement and generosity that made our time in the UK more delightful and my labours more efficient. Finally, and most importantly, I will attempt to express a portion of my gratitude for my wife Abigail. This thesis may never have been started, and certainly would not have been completed, were it not for her sacrifice and support. She, too, has walked through all of the valleys and peaks of this project, and its completion is a testimony to her long-suffering as much as, if not more than, it is to mine. I would be less were it not for her, but make no mistake: she is more precious to me than any title or office that I could ever attain. v For Abigail Contents Title Page ....................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... ii Declaration .................................................................................................................................. iii Copyright ..................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... v Dedication ................................................................................................................................... vi Contents...................................................................................................................................... vii Figures and Tables ....................................................................................................................... x Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Survey of the Modern Discourse ......................................................................... 2 1.2.1 The Modern Construction of Human Maturity ..................................... 3 1.2.2 The Modern Construction of Christian Maturity................................. 10 1.2.2.1 Christian Maturity and Development Theory ...................... 10 1.2.2.2 Christian Maturity and the Biblical Texts ............................. 12 1.2.2.3 Christian Maturity and the Historical Divide .......................16 1.2.3 Summary .................................................................................................19 1.3 Clarification of Terminology ..............................................................................19 1.4 Scope of Inquiry ................................................................................................. 22 1.4.1 The Language of Maturity ..................................................................... 22 1.4.2 The Theology of Maturity ..................................................................... 24 1.4.3 Summary ................................................................................................ 25 1.5 Aims of Thesis.................................................................................................... 25 1.6 Overview of
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