01 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Photo credit: G. Tiraboschi

The Capanna Osservatorio Regina Margherita – Monte Rosa, copper Going to the peak Copper has literally reached new heights – 4,554 metres to be exact! That’s the altitude gets going of the Capanna Osservatorio Regina Margherita, or Queen Margherita Observatory to the summit and Hut, making it officially the highest building in Europe. This unique copper-clad structure is perched on Punta Gnifetti, one of the peaks of the Monte Rosa Massif in of Europe the Italian Alps.

Going to the extreme The Capanna Low oxygen, extreme cold, wind and weather are commonplace at altitudes above 4,000 metres. However, this shelter, clad with 5.5 tonnes of copper sheet, has got it Osservatorio covered: the copper exterior acts as a giant Faraday cage, which insulates and protects the interior from lightning and atmospheric phenomena. Tough copper can stand up to Regina these extreme conditions – resisting corrosion and electrical discharges – thus keeping Margherita the hut and all inside safe from the elements.

Going the alpine route Originally constructed in 1893 and rebuilt in 1980, this three-level shelter and @Go_Copper scientific research centre can host 70 mountaineers and alpine skiers in summer. Requiring an enduring and extremely challenging glacial trek, or Alpine climb, it is not for beginners or the faint of heart! The hut is also uniquely positioned to conduct high-elevation medical research, plus environmental and climate studies.

Going 360 degrees With stunning views spanning 360 degrees, the Capanna Osservatorio Regina

Margherita is a copper-covered beacon – anchored on a 2,000 metre precipice of rock 01/12 Year 2016 and ice. Not merely a summit to be conquered, but a destination in itself. 02 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Photo credit: CDAA, Advance Africa and the operator of the site, Mozambezi

Copper fish cage, Mozambezi Tilapia Farm – Cahora Bassa, Mozambique copper Going on the attack Imagine a crocodile viciously attacking a cage: not a scene from a horror movie, but a gets going daily reality for the Mozambezi Tilapia Farm in Mozambique. How can they protect the to stand up fish in their cages from predators? Somewhat surprisingly, with copper! to predator Going up against predators The fish farm had a major problem with predator attacks from crocodiles and otters. attacks The usual solution was to install additional predator nets to protect the holding nets from damage. The holding nets were prone to intense biofouling, affecting the health of fish and their mortality. The nets also had to be cleaned weekly after first removing Copper fish the fish – stress inducing for the fish and their two-legged care-providers alike. cages in Going for strong copper Mozambique Copper alloy aquaculture cages were installed at the fish farm – no additional predator nets were required. The fish are protected from predators and the cages themselves are resilient against attacks. Additionally, as copper has high resistance to biofouling, the fish are healthier and their mortality rates much lower. Copper is a clear winner, @Go_Copper no contest.

Going fierce on crocodiles Tough enough to take on crocodiles – copper alloy cages come out on top compared to traditional nets. With its high resistance to corrosion and biofouling and much easier maintenance, copper is in its element. 02/12 Year 2016 03 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Photo credit: LaFarga

Micro-alloyed copper overhead lines withstand severe ice storms – El Teniente Copper Mine, The Andes, Chile copper Going to the outer limits The Chilean Andes – known for their extreme weather and desolation – is a place for gets going die-hard adventurers, hardened locals… and copper. In August 2015, micro-alloyed to take on copper overhead lines were installed in the Andes mountains, and have proven that this extreme location is a perfect match for their ultra-tough capabilities. the icy Andes Going to icy extremes challenge These overhead lines, critical to the country’s high-altitude mining operations, must withstand four to six ice storms each winter. Excessive ice on the lines can lead to a shutdown (due to conductor clashing or arc flash). When a major snowstorm swept Copper across the region in October 2015, the new copper conductors as well as an existing conductor were put to the test. The copper lines, on the left, showed far less ice build- overhead up and ‘sag’ and no arc flash, compared to the traditional lines. An ice-cold winner! power lines Going high capacity in Chile With its smaller cross section and hydrophobic coating, the new micro-alloyed copper conductor sheds ice more quickly and resists wind load – while boasting a 30% increase in the circuit’s current carrying capacity. Many of copper’s characteristics @Go_Copper pull together to master the icy and windy elements: higher electrical conductivity, significantly lower energy losses and corrosion resistance. Plus, its mechanical strength eliminates the need for an internal steel core reinforcement.

Going for top marks This shows that, in challenging atmospheric environments, micro-alloyed conductors

are an excellent alternative to steel reinforced aluminium conductors for high voltage 03/12 Year 2016 overhead lines. They came to the Andes, they stood the test of severe ice storms, and came out on top. 04 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Transnet’s Phelophepa I and II mobile healthcare trains equipped with copper – South Africa

copper Going on track for health South Africa’s ‘Miracle Trains’ – Transnet’s Phelophepa I and II – provide healthcare gets going to rural communities across the country. These 19-coach, primary healthcare facilities to spread on rails are fitted with Antimicrobial Copper, essentially stopping the spread of germs in their tracks, while the trains themselves deliver safer healthcare to millions of healthcare people. After all, ‘Phelophepa’ means ‘good, clean health’. to rural areas Going to deliver local access The trains function as one-stop health facilities, bringing much needed care, medication and education outreach to rural areas that don’t have local access to healthcare. South Africa’s Travelling 36 weeks a year, the trains serve over 300,000 people annually. Copper is one of the key infection control initiatives to the project – spreading good health ‘Miracle Trains’ whilst helping to prevent the spread of infection.

Going to harness the power of copper @Go_Copper Antimicrobial Copper door handles, table and countertops and cupboard doors are a first-line defence against germs, helping to provide a more hygienic environment for patients and staff. With powerful inherent antimicrobial efficacy, solid copper touch surfaces are proven to reduce the spread of bacteria and viruses. These trains truly harness the germ-killing power of Antimicrobial Copper.

Going on a path for healthy communities Copper makes an important infection control contribution to these unique ‘miracle trains’ – protecting the health of millions of people and countless communities across

rural South Africa. Year04/12 2016 05 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Kamaz truck with CuproBraze® radiator – Sahara desert, The Dakar Rally copper Going rough and rugged The Dakar Rally is the ultimate off-road rallying event. With rugged terrain, extreme gets going heat and a harsh schedule, the race has been testing the endurance of drivers – and on extreme their vehicles – since 1978. It doesn’t get rougher than this. Just the place to put copper’s performance to the test. off-road Going the distance conditions The 2-week event challenges over 300 drivers on a 9,400 km trek from Paris, France, through Spain and the Sahara Desert, ending in Dakar, Senegal. Only true off-road vehicles (cars, motorbikes and trucks) can take the heat: crossing dunes, mud and Kamaz truck rocky surfaces, and covering distances up to 900 km a day. The route varies year by at Dakar Rally year and, since 2009, the rally has taken place in South America. Going for high performance copper heat exchangers For many years, Kamaz has dominated the truck category in this gruelling race. @Go_Copper The Kamaz truck relies on a Shaaz radiator made from advanced CuproBraze® heat exchanger technology. Its advantages are the strength and reliability of the core, its smaller size and higher heat exchange rate compared to aluminium. Copper-alloy heat exchangers rev up the performance and put vehicles in high gear!

Going extreme durability Copper is right at home in this punishing world of off-road rally racing. A cool contender, under the challenging conditions of high temperatures and rough terrain, a copper heat exchanger is tough and durable to the extreme. 05/12 Year 2016 06 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Photo credit: NASA

Copper rocket combustion chamber liner made with 3D printing – NASA, USA copper Going to 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit NASA engineers achieved a milestone in rocket manufacturing by 3D printing the gets going first full-scale, rocket engine part made of copper. The combustion chamber liner must destination withstand extreme hot and cold conditions, as inside gas temperatures can soar to over 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Not your everyday copper, this is a copper alloy on a mission. Red Planet Going to revolutionise rocket building Copper is extremely good at conducting heat, making it an ideal material for lining a NASA’s first combustion chamber. It took over 10 days for the part - made from a special copper alloy created by NASA scientists - to have 8,255 layers of copper powder fused into its 3D-printed 200 intricate cooling channels by a laser machine. This groundbreaking manufacturing copper rocket process will guide future 3D-printed rocket engines – to space and beyond. engine part Going to get fired up After the part was manufactured, a nickel super-alloy jacket was deposited onto the exterior surface. Next, the copper liner was tested under simulated conditions to ensure it could handle the extreme temperatures and pressures inside the rocket engine during @Go_Copper flight. 3, 2, 1 – copper is ready for blast off.

Going on future space endeavours This is not a one-off. The goal is to reduce the time and cost of making rocket parts, and create a repeatable process for manufacturing advanced designs. Such revolutionary technologies are bringing NASA closer to a journey to Mars. The red metal is bound for the Red Planet! 06/12 Year 2016 07 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Photo credit: CERN

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator – Geneva, copper Going to explore the nature of matter Unlocking the unsolved mysteries of the universe... That’s what the CERN particle gets going to accelerators aim to achieve. By recreating the conditions right after the Big Bang, the origin of scientists are studying the building blocks of matter and forces of nature. And right at the heart of this powerful construction are superconductor strands made of the universe high-tech copper-based filaments.

Going to collide at the speed of light Super- The Large Hadron Collider is the largest science apparatus ever built. Located in a 27-kilometre tunnel between France and Switzerland at CERN (the European Organisation conducting for Nuclear Research), the particle accelerators project particle beams to near the speed of light. When the particles collide, the scientific magic happens, giving wire for physicists clues to the formation of the universe. the CERN Going to the moon and back – 684 times particle Luvata Group provided the superconducting wire for the dipole and quadrupole magnets, which steer and speed the light-speed particles around the tunnel to their accelerator collision. It required 2,280 kilometres of superconducting cable, with 36 strands per cable and 6,400 filaments per strand. That’s over 525 million kilometres of superconducting filament delivered to exact specifications – equalling 684 return trips @Go_Copper to the Moon!

Going beyond the boundaries of science CERN and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) continue to search for answers to unsolved questions of the cosmos. The next discovery of rare physics phenomena might just be 07/12 Year 2016 powered by LHC’s copper niobium-titanium wires. 08

Photo credit: © Fabianamorosini via Twitter

The monumental bronze statue ‘Flight in mind’ by before the March 22 attacks – Airport, Zaventem, copper Reopening of the airport departures hall After the devastating March 22 terror attacks at Brussels Airport, the departures hall gets going was reconstructed and reopened in time for the busy summer season. Those familiar as a symbol with the airport, however, may find that the renovated area looks a little different now. The iconic statue ‘Flight in mind’, which greeted millions of travellers over the of hope and years, has been removed. strength The iconic statue endures Although it withstood the attacks and remained standing amidst the rubble, the statue was scarred by the impact of projectiles used in the bombs. According to airport ‘Flight in mind’ sources, a decision was made not to fully repair the work of art, in consultation with its creator, Olivier Strebelle. The scars on the robust bronze surface will be left as by Olivier a reminder; however, the artist confirmed the statue would otherwise be restored, Strebelle cleaned and polished to its original lustre. at Brussels A monumental piece of art The monumental sculpture was a popular meeting place in the airport. Depicting a bird Airport opening its wings, the bronze statue had ornamented the departures hall since 1995. For centuries, bronze has been the first choice of material for sculptors, due to its ease of casting, strength, corrosion resistance and attractive surface patina. In addition @Go_Copper to the statue ‘Flight in mind’, renowned Belgian sculptor Olivier Strebelle has created more than 300 contemporary works - many in bronze - located in public settings #GOCOPPER around the world and in private collections.

In commemoration 08/12 Year 2016 At a later point in time, the statue will likely take a new position at the airport, as a memorial to the victims - and as a symbol of strength, recovery and hope. 09 When the going gets tough,

copper gets going

#gocopper

Photo credit: NASA/Chris Gunn

Testing of the MIRI thermal shield for the James Webb Space Telescope – NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA copper Going on a magnified space mission Due to be launched in October 2018, the James Webb Space Telescope will follow up gets going NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. This new observatory will feature a larger 6.5-metre diameter mirror – compared to Hubble’s 2.4-metre mirror to observe – making it the most powerful telescope ever built. The expectations for the Webb are distant also larger: to shed light on the formation of our own solar system, and even the origins galaxies of the universe. Going to use pioneering technologies A collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space copper wire Agency, this large infrared telescope features some groundbreaking technologies, including 18-segment, ultra-light beryllium mirrors that unfold after takeoff; in thermal hypersensitive cameras and spectrometers that record images undetectable to the human eye; and a tennis court sized 5-layer sunshield in order to protect the extremely shield for delicate equipment from intense heat and light. Webb Going to keep it cool Telescope Copper wires are very important to help control the temperature of the Mid-Infrared Instrument under the shield. The equipment has to perform in the extreme cold of outer space, and must be kept at temperatures under −250 °C to avoid being overwhelmed by its own infrared radiation. And it’s the telescope’s infrared capabilities that can @Go_Copper potentially observe the dim glow of the very first galaxies.

Going back to the Big Bang For the next decade, astronomers all over the world will get a glimpse of never-before 09/12 Year 2016 seen images of far-away planets, stars and solar systems – a window all the way back to the Big Bang. And copper will have played its part in understanding our cosmic history!