July, 1924] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 179 ed responsibility. son and Mabel C. Bush, Wisconsin State De- A diploma of Personality Theory is award- partment of Public Instruction, The Journal ed after a completion of two summer sessions of Educational Method, March 1924. in this work, and other cultural subjects. "A Restatement of Important Educational Conceptions of Dewey in the Terminology of These courses have proved successful as Thorndike," by Laura Merrill Chassell and part of the curriculum in this preparatory Clara Frances Chassell, The Journal of Edu- school, and have shown that ethical and cational Method, March 1924. moral training can be taught effectually, by "Culture, Genuine and Spurious" by E. Sa- this direct method of instruction. Schools pir, American Journal of Sociology, January having a Personality Course in their curri- 1924. "Out of Nothing Into Somewhere," by Zona culum have the new spirit in education, Gale, The English Journal, March 1924. which is the desire to teach things as they "Are Public Schools Fulfilling Their Mis- actually are, and to express them thru self- sions?" A Symposium of Opinion by Leaders criticism of purposes and results in educa- in Thought and Action, by Lynn H. Hough, tion. Sidney Morse and Dr. Payton Smith, The Amer- ican Educational Digest, February, 1923. Bibliography Edna Scott Draper Part I. (Books Used in the Content of Bickford Personality Course) W. Hanna Thompson ..Brain and Personality PATRIOTISM J. H. Randall The Culture of Personality A CARTOON not long ago represented Joseph H. Coffin. .Personality in the Making W. D. Hyde Self Measurement Uncle Sam as shaking a college pro- T. Troward..The Creative Process in the In- fessor by the neck and advising him dividual. to teach patriotism. Scattered around, as J. H. Snowden The Personality of God though disgorged from the professor* s pock- H. Splllman. .Studies in Personality Devel- opment. . ets, lay tracts on altruism, idealism, pacif- Bliss Carman.... The Making of Personality ism and other taboo subjects, which the sin- John Dewey How We Think ner had evidently been teaching. After T. C. Haddock Power of Will seeing this cartoon a.r high school teacher in W. J. Jordan Kingship of Self-Control Michigan asked a hundred jurors to write Earle Purinton Efficient Living O. S. Marden The Optimistic Life down what they understood by patriotism. Christian Larson Mastery of Self The answers, as he discovered to his surprise, J. McCunn The Making of Character were much alike. Patriotism! was defined, H. Addington Bruce. .Nerve Control and How first in general terms, such as "love of coun- to Give It. T. B. Washington Character Building try," "my contury right or wrong." Almost Keith J. Thomas Personal Power invariably, however, the youthful writers Herbert E. Law.The Power of Mental Demand went on to say that "love of country" or Richard Cabot What Men Live By "loyalty to the flag" is shown by "willing- Aaron M. Crane Right and Wrong Think- ing and Their Results. ness to die in time of War," enlisting without Chas. M. Schwab Succeeding With What being drafted,""fighting those who insult our What You Have. flag," "going to citizens' training camp in Henry C. King Human and Divine summer," or "sewing for the soldiers." Part II. (Books and Articles Favoring Scarcely one thought of service for country Personality Courses) in other than military terms. Samuel Smiles ..Self Helps Recent events lend weight to the suspicion George Herbert Palmer... .Ethical and Moral that patriotism is rather generally conceived Instruction in Schools. in this fashion. The average American, David E. Berg... .Personality Culture by Col- whether high school student or editor of a city lege Faculties daily, seems to regard his country as a sort Wm. Matthews Conquering Success of prize fighter whose chief virtue lies in Further Readings his ability to whip all comers. The flag, instead of a symbol of liberty of conscience "The Leadership of Personality" by John W. Wayland, Rormal Bulletin, Harrisonburg, and justice for all, comes to be thought of as Va., 1916. a kind of pugilistic belt, worn by the heavy- "The Supervisor at Work," by J. C. Ander- weigt champion among the nationalistic! M liH

n 180 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. 5, No. 7

scrappers. And patriotism thus becomes Theodore Roosevelt—whose standing as mixed up with the preservation of fighting an authority even the most insistent of the form and the recognition of the champion- flag-wavers will admit— saw clearly of what ship symbol. Should some inquiring reporter sort the dangers .are that true patriotism |a|i ask a hundred Americans this fourth of July must face within the nation. "Moreover, what they consider patriotism to be, an over- as men ever find, whether in the tiniest fron- whelming majority of them would reply in tier community or in the vastest and most words not essentially different from those of highly organized and complex society, their the Michigan school children. worst foes were in their bosoms—dissensions, And yet, if there is any one thing clear distrust, the inability of some to work and in the present condition of our national life, the unwillingness of others, jealousy, arro- it is that this conception of patriotism is gance and envy, folly and laziness." And ^ V.-. f: pitifully inadequate. We are just lurching a patriotism that does not place first the de- with infinite pain, out from the revelations termination to keep the internal national life SI'ffltr dean and just and noble is hardly a patriot- i f:v l;n of a scandalous period in our governmental ' i . : administration. In fact, we are not yet out ism at all. ■ ' • of that mess, for there are still plenty of Turn then to the contacts of the nation people and plenty! of powerful institutions with other nations and you are in the realm intent upon putting over the idea that nothing out of which most of our popular and un- n 'Uwl of any great moment has been disclosed, that satisfactory ideas of patriotism have sprung. such slight irregularities as may have been In the early days of the American revolu- discovered might better have been glossed .' t > tion the colonists, in their desire for a flag, i , over, and that really the whole business has raised one that depicted a rattlesnake poised been much ado about nothing. Through to strike, with the motto, "Don't tread on I ' ■ it all, it is of importance to note that the me!" Too many are sedulously cultivating folks who have been caught with the boodle that as a patriotic notion of America's atti- and the folks who have sought to belittle this tude toward the rest of mankind after a betrayal of trust have been the sort of folks hundred and fifty years of unparalleled who march in the front ranks of the fife and national development. And in September, we ,H=4'5|1 tw drum corps brand of patriots. The effort to are told, every man, woman and child in the choke off the examination of the attorney country, every factory, every hospital, every general's office, we should remember, began school, is to be rushed through a day of mil- with the assertion that the chief examiner itary mobilization, just as an object lesson to i'P-» i was not a patriot. the rest of the world. One can hear the There are few virtues outwardly more rattles: "Don't tread on me." appealing than loyalty to country. It may ■■ ! A strange mood, this, in which to meet •X > not be the fashion to quote Walter Scott any H;; more, but most of us will agree with the our fellowmen in this generation. Our sec- p Scotch bard's judgment on the "man with retary of state gravely assures us that we are II soul so dead" who does not love his native in less danger of attack than at any previous land supremely. But when such a sacred time in our history, yet, to prove the qual- emotion is twisted into a false sort of fetish ity of our patriotism, we insist upon showing worship that would blind us to evil at home how quickly we can strip off coat and shirt and make us provocatively belligerent in our and assume the proper pugilistic crouch. attitude toward all the rest of the world, And what a travesty it all is of the very P1'! then it is time for the thinking American to world order of our times! The "don't tread cry a halt upon those who would bring this on me" flag came out of a period when the to pass. Patriotism is too fine to allow it to latest event in political ideas was the dis- be stolen by the jingo or made the screen covery of the possibility of independence. ; i' behind which the exploiter carries out his The world had just felt its way along with selfish designs. We need to keep insisting the weariness of centuries of thought and upon the true connotations of the idea, else experiment, to that stage. Our fathers we will awaken in some future day to find were quick to greet it, and launched the ourselves robbed at home and ruined abroad. American revolution on the strength of the July, 1924] TEE VIRGINIA TEACHER 181 new conception. The French revolution the Prussia of Wilhelm II. than to the spirit followed. The revolt of the Spanish col- of any America our fathers ever knew. And onies in South America came hard after. it offers a needless and gratuitous evidence And so on, through most of the nineteenth of lack of confidence in our neighbors at the century. There are still parts of the world very time when it is becoming clear that we where the word independence is coming as must live with them on increasingly in- a new gospel. And there are still plenty of timate terms. people who think it represents the last word Two dozen families, more or less, occupy in political idealism and wisdom. the house in one block. In the very center Of course, the truth is that the nations lives the Sampson family, the wealthiest and have passed on from the era of independence one of the largest families in the neighbor- to that of interdependence. We still thrill hood. The rest of the residents have their to the former word, and will for generations troubles, but they are learning, as the to come. It will still be cause of public out- community grows older, to get along to- cry a century hence if one so much as hints gether. The Samsons, however, are not that this country is not to be "free and in- fitting in very well. Mrs. Samson is be- dependent." But, to any one who deals in coming more and more touchy about letting realities, it is already clear that independence any of the neighbor's children play on her has become a very strictly circumscribed com- lawn or tramp through her halls. Mr. Sam- modity. Whether we like it or not, we are son loses no opportunity to let all who will not, in reality, independent. We are interde- listen know what a bunch of loafers and pendent. The central part of Europe can- good-for-nothings he thinks his neighbors not be reduced to anarchy without having are. And the Samson children spend a lot the effects felt on the wheat plains of Ne- of time yelling that theirs is the best family braska. The members of a/ great race in on the street, and offering to whip anybody Asia cannot feel themselves insulted and out- who doubts it. Yet some of the Samsons raged without affecting the wages of the seem to wonder why they are not more pop- loom-tenders of Massachusetts. The ular ! scientists and the inventors seem leagued to What is the true patriotism? In the light bring us together with almost terrifying of conditions, both civil and international, speed. Thrust, thus, in upon one another, is it not clear that the truly patriotic course our salvation depends upon our ability to just now is that which adds inner strength find some means of mutual accommodation to the nation by the cleansing of its spiritual and co-operation. An enlightened self- vision and the stiffening of its moral fibre, interest bids us make our contacts with other at the same time, it adds strength to the peoples as mutually agreeable as they can perception of a community of interest on the be made. part of all the nations. And that, cutting It is in the face of such a world situation away the husks of words and getting at the as this that the jingo would insist upon a kernel of action, means that, in this year of type of patriotism expressed in terms of a opportunity, that man is the true patriot who, big fleet, new naval bases, an enlarged army, by any means, helps to secure in any measure a populace enrolled for military service, all an informed American public, ready to meet the resources of a country ostensibly seeking the world with open eyes and high hearts and to live by trade so organized, that, at a mo- resolved to co-operate with all other peoples ment's notice, they can be revealed as poten- who so desire. For in such a resolve as this tialities of war. Wave the flag above this; lies most surely security and prosperity. talk vaguely about a hypothetical danger of America has been rich in the devotions attack; damn the peace-seekers, and this, the of her sons. She needs now a new type of jingoes asure us, is patriotism. This is the devotion, to be expressed in a demand for proper spirit for the republic that came into cleanness within and the spirit of co-operation being in Independence Hall one hundred and without. She cannot afford to be satisfied forty eight years ago. If it be, it bears a with a self-proclaimed devotion that con- much closer resemblance to the atmosphere of cerns itself mainly with matters that are 182 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER I Vol. 5, No. 7

H largely matters of ritual or have a dubious in a secluded nook I discovered two tall reality. The snares that beset her, both at spinning wheels and one darling little flax fvi' home and abroad, are too menacing for her wheel. I could almost see a rosy-cheeked! '..i I.' 1. to commit her name to the keeping of those girl, clad in a quaint home-woven gown, who can shout most loudly or who spend their happily spinning for her "hopexhest" on one time in shaking fists at shadows. So Amer- of these queer old wheels. ica needs to beware lest she be fooled into Another corner revealed an unusual thinking that patriotism is any course of chest; firm and strong despite its age, filled l action that plays into the hands of the jingo. with wonderful relics of by-gone days. In For the jingo, however he may frame his it was stored a marvelous collection of old- blatancy in bunting, is just about the most time ball dresses of lawn and silk. Resting useless citizen any nation now contains. He on the prettiest one of these gowns was a K'-s P spends his days hunting for cheap applause, fan—once lovely, but now crumbling with and, like some others, he generally has his re- sip!;. age—which some charming belle must have ward. But this is not a time when the coun- carried when she wore her frilly dress. try is served by such self-advertising gen- There was another gown which fascinated try. True patriotism just now is likely to be tllil me, with its full velvet skirt, and its very quiet but go very deep. tight beaded waist, high in the neck and with The Christian Century close fitting sleeves. Softly touching these charming garments, I wondered about the girl who once wore "ON" AN OLD ATTIC IN THE them. Whether she was like the girls of mi VALLEY OF VIRGINIA now-a-day? Whether she acted and felt as now we do when she wore this beautiful :> I WONDER whether we are not so oc- apparel? I was impressed that she must cupied today with the modern trend of have been a dark, southern beauty, with things that we are forgetting the grand glowing eyes, black curls and a proud mien— old traditions of our Valley? The old- a true aristocrat of the old school. fashioned things tucked away with a thous- This chest contained many other articles and memories of the past, of our parents, of clothing, bits of wedding finery, a pack- our grand-parents and even older generations. age of old deeds and many other business 1 .• "f Let us escape for a moment from the busy papers, all packed away with lavender and rush of this worldly life, and unearth a few ;:J| —memories. of these long-buried relics so fragrant with In this great upper chamber were many the sacred memories of the dim and distant obscure corners and recesses, and hidden away past. II: in one of them I found a huge square box One of the most wonderful hiding places containing an assortment of beautiful hand- of these time-worn treasure-troves is "on woven coverlets which some thrifty house- the attic" of some ancient house of a for- wife of long ago had made with her own mer century. I love to climb the long steep skillful hands. These ancestral tounter-1 I s attic stairways and explore all the nooks and panes had been folded away by some more corners to my heart's content. recent decendant of that diligent great- There is one old, old garret that I am great grandmother. But these attractive never weary of visiting. Its steep, dark coverlets were not doomed to perpetual obli- stairs gives it an added interest and like- vion, for they are more valued now. The girls :fj wise a bit of a thrill. When I reach the of to-day are resurrecting them from their topmost step, I suddenly find myself in the attic burial caskets and giving them places of land of yesterday. With awe I wander honor in their own pretty bed rooms and even here alone delving among the "goods and in their twentieth century living rooms. gods" of generations who have passed be- This hox also contained linen table ■: yond into new life. clothes and sheets, some well woven and all One autumn day, in searching through yellowed with age, but there was a certain :R this dear old hoard of many ancestors, air of dignity about them.

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