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KEY PEOPLE, TERMS AND EVENTS FROM SHI’S AMERICA: THE ESSENTIAL LEARNING EDITION
CHAPTER ONE: THE COLLISION OF CULTURES IN THE 16TH CENTURY
Western Hemisphere Paleo-Indians Beringia Clovis culture Mesoamerica Mayans Incans Mexica (Aztecs) Anasazi Pueblos Mound Builders Adena and Hopewell Cultures Mississippian Culture Cahokia Queen Isabella I and King Ferdinand Christopher Columbus October 12, 1492 Indios Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 Amerigo Vespucci John Cabot Norsemen (Vikings) The Reformation Protestantism Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII Mary I (Mary Tudor) Elizabeth the Great Church of England (Anglican Church) Hernan Cortes encomienda system Columbian Exchange Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Juan de Onate New Mexico Santa Fe Mestizos Pueblo Revolt 1680 Juan Ponce De Leon St. Augustine 1565 Hernando De Soto 2
Jacques Cartier Sir Walter Raleigh Virginia Roanoke The Lost Colony Virginia Dare
CHAPTER TWO: ENGLAND AND ITS AMERICAN COLONIES
James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector 1653-1658 Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685-1688 William and Mary 1689-1702 Puritans Pilgrims Glorious Revolution 1689 Chesapeake region Jamestown 1607 Virginia Powhatan Confederacy John Smith Pocahontas (Matoaka) John Rolfe Head right system Maryland Lord Baltimore Maryland Toleration Act 1649 New England Plymouth 1620 Mayflower Compact 1620 Massachusetts Bay 1630 John Winthrop Boston 1630 Anne Hutchinson Roger Williams Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 Charleston (Charlestown) James Oglethorpe Savannah Middle Colonies New Netherland Henry Hudson New Amsterdam Society of Friends (Quakers) William Penn Philadelphia Pequot War 1637 Mystic Massacre 1637 King Philip’s War 1675-1676 Metacom (King Philip) Iroquois League Indentured servants Middle Passage 3
CHAPTER THREE: COLONIAL WAYS OF LIFE 1607-1750
Triangular trade Salem witch trials 1692-1693 Slave codes Stono Rebellion 1740 Enlightenment (Age of Reason) Deism Benjamin Franklin Great Awakening George Whitefield Jonathan Edwards
CHAPTER FOUR: FROM COLONIES TO STATES, 1607-1776
New France Samuel de Champlain Quebec Marquette and Joliet Rene-Robert Sieur de la Salle Louisiana New Orleans Mercantilism Navigation Acts Dominion of New England Glorious Revolution 1688 John Locke Two Treatises on Government “Salutary neglect” French and Indian War (Seven Years War) 1756-1763 Ohio country Major George Washington Albany Plan of Union 1754 Battle of Quebec 1759 King George III 1760-1820 Treaty of Paris 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763 Royal Proclamation of 1763 Sugar Act 1764 Currency Act 1764 Quartering Act 1765 Stamp Act 1765 “Virtual representation” Sons of Liberty Samuel Adams Stamp Act Congress 1765 “No taxation without representation” Declaratory Act 1766 Townshend Acts 1767 Boston Massacre 1770 Crispus Attucks Committees of Correspondence Boston Tea Party 1773 4
Intolerable (Coercive Acts) 1774 First Continental Congress 1774 Patrick Henry Lexington and Concord April 19, 1775 Paul Revere Minutemen Second Continental Congress 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill June 17, 1775 Olive Branch Petition Thomas Paine Common Sense 1776 Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 Thomas Jefferson
CHAPTER FIVE: THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1776-1783
Patriots (Whigs) Loyalists (Tories) Hessians Continental Army Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom 1776 Battles of Long Island and White Plains 1776 Thomas Paine’s The American Crisis 1776 Battles of Trenton and Princeton 1776 Battle of Brandywine 1777 General John Burgoyne Battle of Saratoga 1777 Treaty of Alliance 1778 Valley Forge 1777-1778 Baron Friedrich von Steuben Marquis de Lafayette Benedict Arnold Lord Charles Cornwallis Battle of Kings Mountain 1780 Battle of Cowpens 1781 Battle of Yorktown 1781 Treaty of Paris 1783
CHAPTER SIX: CREATING A MORE PERFECT UNION 1783-1800
Articles of Confederation Land Ordinances of 1784 and 1785 Northwest Ordinance 1787 Shays’s Rebellion 1787 Constitutional Convention 1787 Independence Hall September 17, 1787 Founding Fathers James Madison Federalism Great Compromise “Separation of powers “ “Impeachment” Electoral College Three Fifths Compromise 5
Ratification process Federalist Papers Federalists Anti-Federalists Bill of Rights 1791 “Separation of church and state” Democratic Republicans (Jeffersonian Republicans) Federalist Party Alexander Hamilton Election of 1789 Compromise of 1790 District of Columbia Tariffs First Bank of the United States Election of 1792 Jay’s Treaty 1794 Whiskey Rebellion 1794 Pinckney’s Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo) 1795 Washington’s Farewell Address Election of 1796 John Adams Quasi War XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts 1798 Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 1798 Election of 1800
CHAPTER SEVEN: THE EARLY REPUBLIC 1800-1815
Empire of Liberty Thomas Jefferson Judiciary Act of 1801 Marbury v Madison 1803 John Marshall “Judicial review” Louisiana Purchase 1803 Lewis and Clark expedition “Corps of Discovery” 1804-1806 Sacajawea Burr-Hamilton duel 1804 Election of 1804 Twelfth Amendment Burr conspiracy “Impressment” Chesapeake affair 1807 Embargo Act 1807 Election of 1808 James Madison Dolley Madison Non-Intercourse Act 1809 Election of 1812 War of 1812 Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 Tecumseh William Henry Harrison War Hawks 6
Battle of Lake Erie 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry Battle of the Thames 1813 Andrew Jackson Battle of Horseshoe Bend 1814 Battle of Plattsburgh 1814 Burning of Washington, DC 1814 Battle of Baltimore / Fort McHenry 1814 Francis Scott Key “Star Spangled Banner” Battle of New Orleans 1815 Treaty of Ghent 1814 Hartford Convention 1814 Second Bank of the United States 1816
CHAPTER EIGHT: THE EMERGENCE OF A MARKET ECONOMY 1815-1850
Robert Fulton Clermont Erie Canal Clipper ships Samuel F.B. Morse “Penny press” Industrial Revolution Elias Howe Eli Whitney “King Cotton” “Solid South” John Deere McCormick reaper Lowell system Nativism American Party (Know-Nothings) Artisans Trade associations Commonwealth v Hunt 1842 National Trades’ Union Elizabeth Blackwell
CHAPTER NINE: NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM 1815-1828
Nationalism Sectionalism Second Bank of the United States Tariff of1816 “Internal improvements” National Road (Cumberland Road) Dartmouth v Woodward 1819 McCulloch v Maryland 1819 “Implied powers” Gibbons v Ogden 1824 American System Henry Clay Election of 1816 7
James Monroe Era of Good Feelings Panic of 1819 Election of 1820 Tallmadge Amendment Thomas Amendment Missouri Compromise 1820 John Quincy Adams Rush-Bagot Agreement 1817 Convention of 1818 Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 (Transcontinental Treaty) Monroe Doctrine 1824 Election of 1824 “The Corrupt Bargain” National Republicans Democratic Republicans Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson
CHAPTER TEN: THE JACKSONIAN ERA 1828-1840
John C. Calhoun Spoils system John Eaton Eaton Affair Nicholas Biddle The Bank War Election of 1832 Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations) South Carolina Exposition and Protest 1828 Webster-Hayne Debate 1830 Nullification Crisis 1832 Force Bill 1833 Indian Removal Act 1830 Black Hawk War 1832 Osceola Seminole War 1835-1842 Cherokee Nation v Georgia 1831 and Worchester v Georgia 1832 Trail of Tears 1838 Anti-Masonic Party Richard Lawrence Specie Circular 1836 Slavery “gag rule” Whig Party Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren Panic of 1837 Election of 1840 William Henry Harrison
CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE SOUTH AND SLAVERY 1800-1860 8
“The peculiar institution” “Cotton is King” Plantation Plain folk Poor whites (hillbillies/ crackers) Free blacks Slave Codes Mulattos City slaves (urban slaves) Gabriel Prosser 1800 Denmark Vesey 1822 Nat Turner Rebellion 1831
CHAPTER TWELVE: RELIGION, ROMANTICISM, AND REFORM 1800-1860
Unitarianism Universalism Second Great Awakening Camp meetings Circuit riders Richard Allen African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) Charles Grandison Finney Joseph Smith, Jr. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) Book of Mormon 1830 Brigham Young Deseret Romanticism Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature 1836 Self-Reliance 1841 Henry David Thoreau On Walden Pond 1854 Civil Disobedience 1849 Temperance movement Dorothea Dix “Cult of domesticity” Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Declaration of Sentiments 1848 Susan B. Anthony Horace Mann Utopian communities Shakers Oneida Community Brook Farm American Colonization Society Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator 1831 9
David Walker Sarah and Angelina Grimke Liberty Party Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass 1845 Sojourner Truth Underground Railroad Harriett Tubman Elijah P. Lovejoy
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: WESTERN EXPANSION AND SOUTHERN SECESSION, 1830-1861
Manifest Destiny Californios Ranchos John Sutter Stephen F. Austin Tejanos and Texians Texas Revolution 1835 The Alamo 1836 Goliad Massacre 1836 Sam Houston Lone Star Republic 1836-1845 John Tyler Election of 1844 James Polk “Dark horse” Buchanan- Pakenham Treaty 1846 Mexican War 1846-1848 General Zachary Taylor Bear Flag Republic 1846 Stephen Kearney General Winfield Scott Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848 Wilmot Proviso 1846 “Popular sovereignty” Election of 1848 Free Soil Party California Gold Rush Forty-Niners Compromise of 1850 Millard Fillmore Fugitive Slave Law 1850 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Bleeding Kansas 1854-1861 Republican Party 1854 Election of 1856 John C. Fremont James Buchanan Dred Scott Decision 1857 Lincoln-Douglas Debates 1858 10
John Brown Harpers Ferry 1859 Election of 1860 Constitutional Union Party Abraham Lincoln “Secession” Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis Crittenden Compromise Fort Sumter April 12, 1861
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: THE WAR OF THE UNION 1861-1865
Federals Confederates (Rebels) Battle of First Bull Run (Manassas) 1861 General “Stonewall” Jackson Anaconda Plan Battle of Shiloh 1862 General Ulysses S. Grant General William T. Sherman David Farragut General George McClellan Peninsular Campaign 1862 General Robert E. Lee Battle of Second Bull Run 1862 Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) 1862 “contrabands of war” Emancipation Proclamation 1863 New York Draft Riots 1863 Militia Act 1862 Bureau of Colored Troops Clara Barton Homestead Act 1862 Morrill Land Grant College Act 1862 Internal Revenue Service 1862 “greenbacks” Copperheads Habeas Corpus Act 1863 Battle of Vicksburg 1863 General George Meade Battle of Gettysburg 1863 Gettysburg Address Pickett’s charge Battle of Chattanooga 1863 Burning of Atlanta 1864 Election of 1864 Andrew Johnson Sherman’s March to the Sea 1864 Battle of Petersburg 1864-1865 Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Thirteenth Amendment 1865
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN: RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877
Ten Percent Plan Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens Charles Sumner Wade-Davis Bill 1864 Freedmen’s Bureau 1865 General Oliver Howard John Wilkes Booth Ford’s Theater Restoration Plan Fourteenth Amendment 1866 Black Codes Military Reconstruction Act 1867 Andrew Johnson Tenure of Office Act 1867 Edwin Stanton Senator Edmund G. Ross Ulysses S. Grant Fifteenth Amendment 1870 Union League Sharecropping Carpetbaggers Scalawags “Redemption” Ku Klux Klan 1866 Election of 1868 Whiskey Ring Liberal Republicans Enforcement Acts 1870-1871 Election of 1872 “Redeemers” Panic of 1873 Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes Compromise of 1877