PROCEEDINGS THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOCAL LANGUAGES

EMPOWERMENT AND PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGES

Editors I Nengah Sudipa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra

Udayana University , 23—24 February 2018

“Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages”

Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages

Copyright © 2018 All rights reserved

Editors I Nengah Sudipa Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya Made Budiarsa I Nyoman Darma Putra

Cover Design Espistula Communications

Cover Photo Balinese Offering Cake “Sarad” by Arba Wirawan “Baligrafi” (2016) by I Nyoman Gunarsa, made for Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies)

Layout Made Henra Dwikarmawan Sudipa

Publisher Udayana University Press

Organized by Masters and Doctoral Programs of Linguistics Faculty of Arts, Udayana University

in collaboration with Local Languages Researcher Association

ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7 TABLE LIST OF CONTENT

Preface...... iii Message from the Dean of Faculty of Arts, Udayana University...... iv Message from The Rector of Udayana University...... v Table List of Content...... viii

KEYNOTE SPEAKER “HONORIFICS” IN THE USAGE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS AND TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BALI AGA DIALECT Hara Mayuko...... 1

INVITED SPEAKER TOPONYMY AS A CULTURAL RESOURCE AND STRENGTHENING OF IDENTITY: A CASE STUDY ON SUNDANESE COMMUNITY IN SOUTHERN PART OF WEST Cece Sobarna...... 11

MEDIUM OF MODERNITY: BALINESE LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEMPORARY LITERARY LANDSCAPE I Nyoman Darma Putra...... 19

EMPOWERING PROPOSITIONS OF WISDOM IN PRESERVATION OF LOCAL LANGUAGES F.X. Rahyono...... 29

THE STRUCTURE OF RESULTATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN BALINESE I Nyoman Sedeng...... 39

PRESENTER DISTRIBUTION OF BAJO LANGUAGE FONOLOGY IN BAJO ISLAND DISTRICT SAPE DISTRICT BIMA NUSA TENGGARA BARAT Aditya Wardhani...... 47

THE VERB ‘CARRY’ IN BIAK LANGUAGE: A NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE ANALYSIS Adolfina Krisifu...... 55

“CAK CUK ”: STRATEGY OF STRENGTHENING SURABAYA’S IDENTITY Akhmad Idris, Iga Bagus Lesmana...... 65

vii BALINESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE BY YOUNG GENERATION WHO COMES WORSHIPING TO JAGATNATHA TEMPLE WHILE OFFERING CANANG Anak Agung Putri Laksmi Dewi, Ni Wayan Manik Septianiari Putri...... 71

BALINESE LANGUAGE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS AT ONE EARTH SCHOOL BALI Anak Agung Sagung Shanti Sari Dewi...... 77

MEANING OF VERB “LOOKING” IN BALINESE LANGUAGE: AN APRROACH OF NATURAL SEMANTICS METALANGUAGE Anak Agung Sagung Wid Parbandari...... 83

THE FIRST STEP IS ALWAYS DIFFICULT: THE REVITALIZATION OF KUI LANGUAGE IN SCHOOLS Anggy Denok Sukmawati...... 87

PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION AND LINGUISTIC MAPPING IN GRESIK: A STUDY OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIALECT Anis Zubaidah Assuroiyah, Namira Choirani Fajri...... 93

THE PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS AND RULE OF JAVANESE COASTAL LANGUAGE: GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY APPROACH Apriyani Purwaningsih...... 99

THE ROLE OF BISSU IN MATTOMPANG ARAJANG AS TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION OF BUGINESE IN BONE Arga Maulana Pasanrangi, Moch. Ricky Ramadhan, Moh. Caesario Nugroho, Ashabul Kahfi Susanto...... 105

SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE IN THE JAVANESE FOLKLORE AS A SOURCE OF CULTURAL EDUCATION AND IDENTITY FOSTERING ON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Barokah Widuroyekti, Titik Setyowati...... 113

COMPARING THE LEVEL OF BALINESE LANGUAGE ACQUISITION USING THE VOCABULARY LEVEL TEST Denok Lestari, I Wayan Suadnyana...... 121

THE SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF BALINESE VOCABULARY IN THE INDONESIAN COMPREHENSIVE DICTIONARY Deny Arnos Kwary, Ni Wayan Sartini, Almira Fidela Artha...... 127

viii YOUTH MOVEMENT: A STRATEGY TO PRESERVE LOCAL LANGUAGES Desak Gede Chandra Widayanthi...... 133

THE USE OF BALINESE IN ADVERTISEMENTS AS AN EFFORT OF PRESERVING LOCAL LANGUAGE Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi, I Komang Sulatra, Komang Dian Puspita Candra ...... 137

PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN PONTIANAK MALAY Dewi Ismu Purwaningsih ...... 143

UTILIZATION OF PICTORIAL ILLUSTRATION FOR KOMERING-INDONESIAN DICTIONARY Dita Dewi Palupi ...... 149

SUNDANESE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN MANAQIB ACTIVITIES BY JAMAAH PESANTREN SURYALAYA-TASIKMALAYA Djarlis Gunawan ...... 155

THE KNOWLEDGE CREATION PROCESS OF TAMBO IN MINANGKABAU Febriyanto, Tamara Adriani Salim 161

INNOVATION IN CENK BLONK PERFORMANCE: A STRATEGY OF EMPOWERING LOCAL LANGUAGE THROUGH BALINESE SHADOW PUPPET Gede Yoga Kharisma Pradana ...... 173

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN SONG LYRICS SETARA BETARA (SAME AS GOD) AND GUNUNG NENTEN TONG SAMPAH (MOUNTAIN IS NOT A RUBBISH BIN) BY SEVEN CEBLOCK Gusti Agung Ayu Kesuma Wardhani ...... 183

THE USE OF WORD “WATER” IN INDONESIAN AND BALINESE PROVERBS: AN APPROACH OF SEMANTICS COGNITIVE I Gde Pasek Kamajaya, Ni Made Bulan Dwigitta Prativi ...... 191

INTEGRATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION VALUES IN BALINESE SHORT STORY “KUTANG SAYANG GEMEL MADUI” I Gde Nyana Kesuma ...... 197

BALINESE COMICS: AN EFFORT TO SUSTAIN AND ENFORCE THE BALINESE LANGUAGE AMONG CHILDREN IN BALI I Gede Gita Purnama A.P...... 203

ix LOANWORD PHONOLOGY IN TRANSLATING BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS INTO JAPANESE WITH REFERENCE TO JTB PUBLISHING BOOK ON BALI ISLAND I Gede Oeinada ...... 209

KARMAPHALA IN AKUTAGAWA RYUNOSUKE’S SHORT STORY ENTITLED HELL SCREEN I Gusti Agung Ayu Made Dianti Putri ...... 215

HIDDEN MESSAGE IN SIAP SELEM I Gusti Ayu Gde Sosiowati, I Made Rajeg...... 221

EMPOWERING LOCAL BALINESE TERMS TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WITH DESCRIPTIVE UNDERSTANDING I Gusti Ngurah Parthama ...... 227

THE SYNTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF PERSONAL PRONOUN IN NUSA PENIDA DIALECT I Ketut Darma Laksana ...... 233

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA AS NEW BALINESE LANGUAGE LEARNING FOR ELEMENTARY STUDENTS I Ketut Setiawan, I Nyoman Jayanegara ...... 239

THE APPLICATION OF METAFUNCTIONS IN BALINESE LANGUAGE OF SATUA BALI “I BELOG” I Ketut Suardana ...... 245

EXPLORING THE SOCIAL RULES BEHIND THE USE OF BALINESE COURTEOUS EXPRESSIONS: A SOCIAL APPROACH I Ketut Warta ...... 251

A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF MORPHOPHONEMIC PROCESSES OF THE BALINESE DIALECT OF NUSA PENIDA I Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra ...... 259

MOTIVATION STRENGTHENING IDENTITY THROUGH BALINESE SCRIPT IN TATTOO MEDIA I Nyoman Anom Fajaraditya Setiawan, Putu Satria Udyana Putra ...... 265

MARATHI LOCATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY I Nyoman Aryawibawa ...... 271

x THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF BALI: THE CASE OF THE TRADITIONAL YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS OF SEKEHA TERUNA I Nyoman Tri Ediwan ...... 277

AN ECOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE REGARDING TOPONYMS IN GIANYAR SUB-DISTRICT, BALI I Putu Gede Hendra Raharja ...... 283

AN ANALYSIS OF DERIVATIONAL AND INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME IN NUSA PENIDA DIALECT I Wayan Agus Anggayana, I Ketut Mantra ...... 289

INDONESIAN DEFAMATION CASES UNDER POLICE INVESTIGATION: A FORENSIC LINGUISTICS STUDY I Wayan Pastika ...... 299

SYNCHRONIC GRAMMATICALIZATION AS FOUND IN THE BALINESE SERIAL VERBS I Wayan Sidha Karya ...... 309

VERBAL ABUSE OF CURSING IN BALINESE MYTHS I Wayan Simpen, Ni Made Dhanawaty ...... 315

THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURES OF DOING TYPES OF ACTION VERBS IN BALINESE LANGUAGE Ida Ayu Agung Ekasriadi ...... 321

THE EQUIVALENCE OF BALINESE FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS INTO ENGLISH Ida Ayu Made Puspani, Yana Qomariana ...... 329

STRATIFICATION PERSPECTIVE OF CATUR WANGSA IN TUTUR CANDRA BHERAWA: A STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE Ida Bagus Made Wisnu Parta ...... 338

RESHAPING THE PARADIGMN OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING TO HARMONIZE LOCAL LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya ...... 341

WAYANG FOR THE PRESERVATION OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE AN ANALYSIS OF MAHABHARATA EPISODE’S GATUTKACA GUGUR (THE FALL OF GATUTKACA) Indrawati, Sri Samiati Tarjana, Joko Nurkamto ...... 347

xi RELATIONSHIP OF SASAK AND SAMAWA LANGUAGES: DIACHRONIC STUDY IN THE LANGUAGE KINDSHIP OF AN ETHNIC GROUP IN INDONESIA Irma Setiawan ...... 355

PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE OF BUGINESE INTO INDONESIAN BY BUGIS SPEAKERS IN CENTRAL SULAWESI (A TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY STUDY) Jaya ...... 363

STYLISTIC-GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS AND CULTURAL-MEANINGS IN MINANGKABAUNESE Jufrizal ...... 373

LEARNING STRATEGY OF BALINESE LANGUAGES BY USING CONTENT IN NEW MEDIA Kadek Ayu Ariningsih, I Nyoman Widhi Adnyana ...... 383

BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS IN ENGLISH MEDIA TOURISM PROMOTION PUBLISHED BY DENPASAR TOURISM OFFICE Kadek Ayu Ekasani, Ni Luh Supartini ...... 387

THE EXISTENCE OF BALINESE LANGUAGE IN TRANSMIGRATION AREA OF PROVINCE Kadek Feni Aryati, I Putu Agus Endra Susanta ...... 397

ENRICHING AND NOT SIMPLY COMPETING: BALINESE LANGUAGE IN CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTION IN BALI Kadek Ratih Dwi Oktarini ...... 405

REDUPLICATION PROCESS OF BALINESE LANGUAGE IN MEN BRAYUT STORY Ketut Riana, Putu Evi Wahyu Citrawati, Gede Eka Wahyu ...... 415

CONSERVATIVE OR PROGRESSIVE (THE EXISTENCE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE) Krisna Pebryawan ...... 421

HUMOR IN DOU MAMPINGA SA UMA-UMA ON MPAMA MBOJO: A RESEARCH OF PSYCHOLOGY LITERATURE AND ANECDOTAL TEXT OF INDONESIAN LEARNING K13 Kurniawan, Solihin ...... 427

COMMISSIVE IN BATAK KARO Laili Mahmudah ...... 435

xii LOSS AND GAIN OF INFORMATION OF THE CULTURAL TERMS IN THE SHORT STORY SEEKOR AYAM PANGGANG AND A ROAST CHICKEN IN RELATION TO THE TARGET LANGUAGE READER’S UNDERSTANDING Lina Pratica Wijaya ...... 441

PROMOTING THE LOST VOCABULARIES OF LOCAL LANGUAGES TO REVITALIZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF Lis Setiawati ...... 447

THE LEXICONS OF VERB ‘FALING” IN SUNDANESE LANGUAGE: NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH Luh Gde Inten Purnama Sari Setiawan, Ni Putu Yunita Dewi ...... 455

GEGURITAN KAPIPARWA: CHARACTER AND LANGUAGE ANALYSIS 461 Luh Putu Puspawati, I Made Suastika ......

SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ON CHILDREN MIXED MARRIED BETWEEN JAVANESE AND BALINESE Luh Putu Ratnayanti Sukma ...... 467

‘LIR ILIR” PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS Lukia Zuraida ...... 473

LOCAL BEING WITHOUT NATIONAL: LINGUISTIC DILEMMA IN GILI KETAPANG PROBOLINGGO, EAST JAVA Lukiyati Ningsih, Khadijah Aufadina ...... 479

LOCAL LANGUAGE CONTENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM THROUGH THE MEDIA INFORMATION (LONG-COM PROGRAM) TO CHANGE SOCIETY’S PERSPECTIVE OF LOCAL LANGUAGE IN INDONESIA M. Izzudin Ma’ruf ...... 483

THE USE OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS AND METAPHOR AMONG SASAK SPEAKERS IN RELIGIOUS SETTINGS Mahyuni, M. Amin, Arifuddin, Ahmad Junaidi ...... 489

CULTURAL MEMORY FOR THE SUSTAINABILITY OF SU’I UVI IN NGADHA FLORES Maria Matildis Banda ...... 505

xiii THE EXISTENCE OF DOLANAN SONG IN KINDERGARTEN AS A STRATEGY TO EMPOWER THE JAVANESE LANGUAGE : A CASE STUDY OF ROUDLOTUL ULUM KINDERGARTEN, MOJOKERTO Marta Widyawati, Dwika Muzakky Anan Taturia ...... 511

STRENGTHENING JAVANESE LANGUAGE MALANG ACCENT: A CASE STUDY TOWARD VIDEO BLOG BAYU SKAK ON YOUTUBE Mia Maulana Sarif ...... 517

REVEALING THE CULTURAL FEATURES OF PAPUAN MALAY LANGUAGE Monika Gultom ...... 523

GRAMMATICAL EQUIVALENCE IN THE ARABIC-JAVANESE TRANSLATION: THE EXPLORATION OF DIVERSITY IN GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES ACROSS LANGUAGES Muhammad Yunus Anis ...... 529

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFLUENCING BALINESE PEOPLE USE LOCAL LANGUAGE (BALINESE LANGUAGE) Ni Luh Made Dwi Ari Septiani ...... 537

CONSTITUENT MERGING OF SIMPLE CLAUSES IN BALINESE Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati ...... 539

THE USE OF NUSA PENIDA BALINESE PHONEME /h/ (A CASE STUDY OF NUSA PENIDA PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN DENPASAR) Ni Made Ayu Widiastuti ...... 547

HOW ANIMALS PERSONIFICATION ACCOMPLISHED IN CHILDREN’S STORY Ni Wayan Sukarini ...... 555

LINGUISTIC IDEOLOGY AND MULTI-IDENTITY (RE)CONSTRUCTION:A CASE STUDY OF THE MANGGARAI-FLORES DIASPORA IN BALI Ni Wayan Sumitri, I Wayan Arka...... 561

TOGA DANCE IN SIGUNTUR KINGDOM CULTURE AS MALAY HISTORICAL RELICS TO STRENGTHEN MINANGKABAU IDENTITY Nidya Fitri, Dewa Ayu Widiasri ...... 569

YAWII: A VERB OF MOTION TOWARD GOAL AND MOTION AWAY FROM SOURCE IN MEE Niko Kobepa...... 577

xiv LANGUAGES PRESERVATION IN CEPUNG: ORAL TRADITION, COLLABORATION­ OF SASAK AND BALI COMMUNITY ON LOMBOK ISLAND Nining Nur Alaini ...... 583

EXPLORATION ON VERB ‘BAHA’ IN PAKKADO, MANDAR, INDONESIA: A STUDY OF NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE Nirwan ...... 589

CULTURAL VALUES IN TRADITIONAL EXPRESSION OF SASAK TRADITIONAL INTERCOURSE Niswatul Hasanah, Malihah Hafiz ...... 597

RECIPIENT ROLE IN BALINESE GIVING VERB CONSTRUCTIONS Nyoman Sujaya ...... 605

ADJECTIVES IN LUBUKLINGGAU DIALECT OF MALAY LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH THROUGH MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX ANALYSIS Oktaria Hasiyana ...... 613

A RITUAL TO COMMUNICATE WITH GOD OF THAI-KHMER GROUP: A CASE STUDY OF JOAL MAMAUD RITUAL, MUANG DISTRICT, SURIN PROVINCE, THAILAND Phra Dhammamolee, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Suthat Pratoomkaew, Thittayawadee Intarangkul, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ...... 623

JAVA ENCYCLOPEDIA BASED ON JAVANESE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE FOR MILENIAL GENERATION Prembayun Miji Lestari, Retno Purnama Irawati, Mujimin ...... 629

INSIGHT OF DIGITAL FOLKLORE IN RELATION TO EDUCATION Putu Irmayanti Wiyasa ...... 635

CONTRASTIF ANALYSIS BALI AND MANDARIN LANGUAGES PRONUNCIATION Putu Prinda D`amour Nisa ...... 641

STRENGHTENING AND DEVELOPING LOCAL LANGUAGE LITERATION THROUGH LOCAL CONTENT CURRICULUM OF PRIMARY SCHOOL: SYSTEMIC-FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE Putu Sutama, Maria Arina Luardini, Natalina Asi ...... 647

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN BALINESE PROVERBS WITH THE LEXICON OF FAUNAS Putu Zalsa Swandari Putri, Ni Made Mitha Suandari ...... 655

xv EXISTENCE OF LOCAL LANGUAGES IN THE VARIOUS GENRE OF POPULAR MUSIC IN INDONESIA Ranti Rachmawanti ...... 661

BANYUMAS JAVANESE DIALECT LANGUAGE IN THE TRADITIONAL CEREMONY OF BANYUMAS COMMUNITY MARRIAGE Ratih Kusumastuti ...... 667

THE EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN THE MOTHER TONGUE IN BEKASI Ratu Badriyah ...... 673

THE POWER OF BATAK TRADITIONAL SONG IN REPRESENTING LIVING VALUES Romaida Lubis ...... 679

TERMS OF ADDRESS IN THE BELITUNG ISLAND SOCIETY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACH Sandy Nugraha 687

LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF OUTDOOR SIGNS IN CUSTOMARY VILAGE OF TEGALTAMU, GIANYAR Sang Ayu Isnu Maharani ...... 693

LANGUAGE ATTITUDES AND LANGUAGE USE A GROUP OF PEOPLE TOWARDS LOCAL LANGUAGES IN THE RELATION TO ETHNIC IDENTITY Satyawati ...... 669

AGROLINGUISTIC ISSUES, AGRICULTURAL LEXICONS AND MUSEUM NAGARI IN WEST Sawirman ...... 703

METAPHORS USAGE IN THE MARRIAGE PROPOSAL RITUAL IN MANGGARAI, EAST INDONESIA Sebastianus Menggo ...... 709

PERCEIVED ADDRESS TERMS IN PM BY PAPUAN AND NON PAPUAN SPEAKERS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY Servo P. Kocu ...... 715

PHAHYA : WORD EFFECTS TO E-SARN PEOPLE’S LIFE Sowit Bamrungphak ...... 721

xvi LANGUAGE OF THE BAWEAN ISLANDERS: CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS IN SPEECH LEVELS Sri Wiryanti Budi Utami ...... 727

ANCIENT LANGUAGE IN SACRED RITUAL OF BUDDHIST THAI-KHMER PEOPLE IN MUANG DISTRICT, SURIN PROVINCE, THAILAND Suthat. Pratoomkaew, PhraRajdhammasansudhi Teerangku, Phramaha Khuntong Khemasiri, Phramaha Tongchai Thammathawee, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon ...... 733

FIRST PERSON POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTION IN MADURESE LANGUAGE Tunggul Puji Lestari, Dwita Laksmita Rachmawati ...... 739

THE DERIVATED CLAUSE STRUCTURES IN KAILI LANGUAGE, DIALECT RAI Ulinsa, Yunidar ...... 747

THE FORMATION OF IDIOM IN BIMA LANGUAGE: PERSPECTIVE MORPHOLOGY SYSTEM Umar ...... 755

ORAL PROFICIENCY IN TAMIL LANGUAGE: AN ISSUE IN MAINTAINING TAMIL LANGUAGE Vijay Khana ...... 761

THE MAINTAINED USE OF JAVANESE LANGUAGE IN SURABAYA URBAN SOCIETY Wahyu Sekti Wijaya ...... 767

IDENTIFIYING SENTANI CHILDREN’S DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING THEIR LOCAL LANGUAGE Wigati Yektiningtyas ...... 773

BOL : THE RITUAL AND ART OF DETECTING THE CAUSE OF ILLNESS IN KHMER PEOPLE SURIN PROVINCE,THAILAND Wan Suwanpong, Prayoon Saengsai, Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Karisandh Sengmas, Somkid Sukjit, Suriya Klangrit ...... 781

ANCIENT SACRED LANGUAGE PRESENTED IN GALMORE RITUAL OF BUDDHIST THAI-KUI PEOPLE IN SURIN PROVINCE OF THAILAND Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Wan Suwanpong, PhraKan KantaDharmmo, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ...... 787

xvii “PHAYAR” A LANGUAGE THAT REFLECTS THE DOCTRINE IN THE LIFE OF THAI-KUY ETHNIC GROUP IN SURIN PROVINCE OF THAILAND Yasothara Siripaprapãgon, Prayoon Saengsai, Wan Suwanpong, Suriya Klangrit, Samroeng Intayung ...... 793

KIEH IN MINANGKABAU’S TAMBO Yendra ...... 797

xviii BALINESE CULTURAL TERMS IN ENGLISH MEDIA TOURISM PROMOTION PUBLISHED BY DENPASAR TOURISM OFFICE

Kadek Ayu Ekasani1, Ni Luh Supartini2 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Bali Internasional [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract The purpose of this study is to see the category of Balinese cultural terms in media tourism promotion published by Denpasar Tourism Office. The method usedin this study is descriptive qualitative method where the data studied in the form of words and phrases about the terms of Balinese culture. Qualitative methods produce descriptive data either in the form of words - written and oral expression of the people and behavior observed. The result of data analysis is presented by informal method where the result of data analysis is presented by using sentence and technical term to formulate and explain every research problem. From the results of the study found there are 3 types of categories of Balinese cultural terms, namely categories of material culture, social culture, and categories of traditions and concepts.

Keywords: Balinese cultural terms, promotion media, tourism promotion

I. INTRODUCTION Tourism today has become a huge industry sector. The growth of tourism globally experienced a fairly rapid growth and it turned out to provide a very large contribution to the Indonesian economy. As one of the promising sectors, several cities and districts in Indonesia have placed this sector as a key sector in the economy of each region. Tourism Department has an important role in the development of tourism in a region, both in terms of physical, social, economic and cultural. Tourism Office is a Government Agency that served as the party that carries out promotion and development of the Tourism sector in their respective areas to attract tourists. As a tourism center, Denpasar has a lot of tourism object and culture that make Denpasar as a potential and strategic tourism destination. The development of tourism objects and culture in the city of Denpasar makes many tourists who visit, both domestic tourists and foreign tourists. To keep increasing the number of tourist arrivals in the city of Denpasar, the Denpasar city government made efforts to increase it. One of them is to create a tourism promotion materials in the form of an English-speaking tourist guidebook that will be intended to inform the city of Denpasar tourist attraction to foreign tourists. This book contains a variety of information about attractions and cultural attractions, as well as various tourism potentials in the city of Denpasar in particular and Bali in general. As

389 Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages stated in the speech of Mayor of Denpasar, I.B.Rai Dharmawijaya Mantra, S.E., M.Si. in Discover Denpasar, that this book is expected to be a media promotion Denpasar city in particular, which can provide information to the visitors about the object of tourism and the values ​​of art and culture so that will always be a priority for both domestic tour lovers to visit the island of Bali, in particular, Denpasar. The term Balinese culture inserted in the book, for domestic tourists still can be understood and understood but will have little difficulty for foreign tourists to understand these cultural terms, given the use of the term still many that are not translated into English. The purpose of this study is to find out the category of Balinese cultural terms that are contained in the media promotion of English tourism city of Denpasar. Culture in Anthropology is often interpreted as a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of human beings in the framework of community life that belongs to human beings through the learning process (Harsojo, 1984). Kroeber and Kluckhohn define culture consisting of the explicit, implicit, and behavioral patterns acquired and transmitted by symbols, which are the special achievements of a group of people, including the manifestations of their ancient civilizations; and the essence of this culture resulted from their military values ​​and traditional ideas. (Akbari, 2013: 14) Kroeber and Kluckhohn in his book Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, defines the meaning of the word “culture” into 6 types of definitions, as follows. a. The descriptive definition emphasizes the elements of culture; b. Historical definitions emphasize culture as a heritage of one community with another; c. The normative definition emphasizes the norms of life and behavior; d. Psychological definitions emphasize the use of culture in adapting to the environment, solving problems, and learning life; e. Structural definition emphasizes the nature of culture as a patterned and orderly system; and f. The genetic definition emphasizes the culture as the work of man. From the above definition, can be drawn understanding about culture is a series of activities in a particular society as a characteristic consisting of various systems, sourced from historical and genetic that will affect the level of knowledge and include the system of ideas or ideas contained in the human mind, so that in life daily, the culture is abstract. Culture and language have a very close relationship in which language as a communication tool will always follow the rules of culture as a way of life for the community. According to Newmark (1988), culture as the way of life and its manifestation that the peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression. Culture is the view of life or way of life and its manifestation that is peculiar to a society that uses a particular language as a means to express it. So the language used by a society is influenced by the way of life, and its specific manifestations within each community. Newmark (1988) divides the culture into five, that is:

390 Bali, 23-24 February 2018 Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages

a. ecology, including flora, fauna, and landscape. b. material culture, including food, clothing, houses or buildings, and transportation c. social culture, including social stratification and social activity in leisure time. d. organization, customs, ceremonies, and concepts, and e. typical physical habits and expressions.

Promotion is an effort made to adjust tourism products to the demand of tourists so that the product becomes more attractive. The appeal is the key to a tourism promotion effort that is always packed with a model that can be an attraction for tourists interested in buying. According to Gromang (2003: 151), tourism promotion moved from prediction and related to efforts to trigger the possibility of tourist sales. This tourism promotion covers all planned activities including the deployment of information, advertisements, films, brochures, guidebooks, posters, and others. So it can be said that the promotion of tourism through the guidebooks and calendar of activities that have been published by the Denpasar Tourism Office plays an important role in achieving success to introduce the city of Denpasar to foreign tourists.

II. METHOD This research is a gradual process, from planning and design research, determining the focus of research, time research, data collection, analysis, and presentation of research results. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method where the data studied in the form of words and phrases about the term Balinese culture. The approach in this study follows the steps of qualitative research work. Qualitative methods produce descriptive data either in the form of words - written and oral expression of the people and behavior observed (Moleong, 2007: 3). The type of data is qualitative data in the form of Balinese cultural terms in the media of tourism promotion in the English language of Denpasar City. There are two types of data sources namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source is the tourism promotion media of Denpasar City, Discover Denpasar. While, the secondary data isdata obtained as supporting data that is from the results of interviews with officers in Denpasar Tourism Office. The technique of data collection in this study used document review, and interviews. Data analysis is done with several steps as follows: a. Observing the term Balinese culture that is contained in the media promotion of the English language city of Denpasar. b. Identify categories of Balinese cultural terms. c. Conducting interviews with officers at the Denpasar Tourism Office regarding the use of the term Balinese culture on tourism promotion media that has been previously recorded. d. Identify the purpose of using the term Balinese culture. e. Draw a conclusion.

ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7 391 Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages

III. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This section describes the category identification of Balinese cultural terms which arenot translated into English in English language promotion media of Denpasar Tourism Office. The category of Balinese cultural terms that are not translated on the medium of tourism promotion in English language Denpasar City, as follows: 1. Material Culture Kerisa. (p.9) h. genta (p.15) b. (p.9) i. bajra (p.15) Dokarc. (p.9) j. Endek (p.21) d. Pendopo (p.11) k. Bemo (p.21) e. Pewaregan (p.11) f. Padmasana (p.12) g. Candi bentar (p.13) 2. Social Culture a. Karawitan (p.9) b. Pasar senggol (p.9) Puric. (p.9) Kecakd. (p.24) Baronge. (p.24) 3. Tradition a. Melasti (p.22) Concept Pasebana. (p. 11)

Kerisa. Keris is a traditional Balinese weapon that has much uniqueness. Seen from the shape of the keris has a sharp side on either side or two-edged, with a straight shape (luk). Keris that has many names depending on the number of luks in each keris. The parts of the keris are Wilahan, Ganja, Dhapur, Pamor, Danganan, Werangka, and Wewer. Keris is made by wrought technique and blended by pamor iron. Keris in the Hindu community has many functions as a magical object to protect themselves from the disturbance of evil spirits or supernatural beings; as a means of religious ceremony; as a complement of dances. b. Gamelan Balinese gamelan is a tool of traditional sounds that have differences with the gamelan in general, both in terms of shape and how to play it. For example, the Javanese gamelan is played in a slow tempo, while the Balinese gamelan is played with a faster tempo. Balinese gamelan is usually displayed as an accompaniment of a performance of art, both the nature of the sacred and entertainment. There are three types of Balinese gamelan, namely old, middle (madya) and new gamelan. In the old group, there are instruments such as gambang,

392 Bali, 23-24 February 2018 Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages saron, selonding kayu, gong besi, gong luwang, selonding besi, angklung kelentang and gender . In middle gamelan there are instruments such as pengambuhan, semarpagulingan, pelegongan, bebarongan, joged pingitan, gong gangsa jongkok, babonangan and rindik gandrung. In the new gamelan there are instruments such as pengarjaan, gong kebyar, angklung bilah 7, joged bungbung and gong suling.

Dokarc. Dokar is a traditional vehicle that uses a horse as a towing. The existence of the dokar in Bali is getting less and only seen in certain areas only. d. Pendopo Pendopo is a wide and open building, used for meetings, meetings, and other purposes that have to do with the public interest. e. Pewaregan The term of pewaregan is the other names of kitchen which generally serves as a place for cooking. But the term pewaregan is used to mention a kitchen in the temple (Hindu shrine) located on the outer courtyard (Jaba pisan). f. Padmasana Padmasana is the place to pray and put Balinese offerings. The wordpadmasana consists of two words: “padma” means lotus and “asana” means sitting attitude. The lotus flower is chosen as an appropriate symbol of the holiness and majesty of Hyang Widhi (God) as it fulfills the elements: 1) The leaf blossom is eight in accordance with Hyang Widhi’s manifestation in the eight directions as horizontal position: East (Purwa) as Iswara, Southeast (Agneya) as Maheswara, South (Daksina) as Brahma, Southwest (Nairiti) as Rudra, West (Pascima) as Mahadewa, Northwest (Wayabya) as Sangkara, North (Uttara) as Vishnu, Northeast (Airsanya) as Sambhu. 2) The top of the crown is in the form of flower essence depicting the symbol ofHyang Widhi’s vertical position in manifestation as: Siwa (adasthasana / base), Sadasiwa (madyasana / middle) and Paramasiwa (agrasana /top). 3) The lotus flower lives in three realms, they are soil / mud called pertiwi, water is called apah, and air is called akasa. The lotus flower is the main means in the ceremonies of Panca Yadnya and is also used by Pandita (Hindu priest) when doing surya sewana (Sun worship). g. Candi Bentar Candi Bentar is the name of the gate in the form of two similar buildings, which do not have a connecting roof at the top, so that the two sides are perfectly separated, and only

ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7 393 Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages connected at the bottom by the stairs. Candi Bentar is usually found in the entrance temple in Bali. The other functions of Candi Bentar is also as a barrier between nista mandala and Madya mandala which is very important to determine the location of the temple accordance with asta kosala as a reference in the traditional architecture of Bali.

Gentah. Similar to the Balinese culture term Bajra, genta is also a Balinese cultural term which has closely relation to Bajra, where some parts of Bajra weapons are applied to genta as head and grip. Genta is used in accompanying puja and mantra by Hindu priest in Bali in leading the implementation of ceremony.

Bajrai. Bajra is a weapon from God Iswara. This term is used as the naming of Balinese people’s struggle monument, the Bajra Sandhi Monument.

Endekj. Bali has a variety of woven fabrics known as endek. The endek was initially worn by the nobility only. But over the times, endek can be worn by the whole society, even worn also in daily activities by the people of Bali.Endek is made by woven by giving the motif on thepakan thread. Giving motif is done by binding certain parts of the thread before dipped to form a motive. Threads that have been tied, dyed, dried, and rolled on a coil that will braid on the thread of lungsi (the thread in a vertical direction). In contrast to the stretch of lungsi, the pakan thread that has been patterned will not appear until it is woven.

Bemok. The term Bemo is commonly referred to a tricycle motor or “becak motor” and is commonly used as a public transport in Indonesia, but the term bemo in Bali is different from that of a tricycle in general. Bemo in Bali is a four-wheeled vehicle that usually has its own color, depending on routes. l. Karawitan Karawitan is an art of processing sounds or traditional instruments.Karawitan divided into three types, namely vocal, instrumental, and instrumental vocal karawitan. Vocal karawitan uses human voice as the source of sound, for example sekar rare, sekar alit / tembang macepat, sekar madya, and sekar agung. Instrumental kariwitan (gamelan) is a karawitan produced from one or several tools. For example: Old, Middle (Madya), and New Group. Instrumental vocal karawitan is karawitan where there is a composite element between human voice and musical instrument. For example: Gegitan.

394 Bali, 23-24 February 2018 Empowerment and Preservation of Local Languages m. Pasar Senggol The term pasar senggol in Bali is already known by foreign tourists in Bali. Pasar senggol is located in all regency in Bali which generally starts from afternoon until evening. The mention of pasar senggol itself because the place between one stall to another is so close so there was a nudge between buyers. Finally, this became a tradition for Balinese people to maintain a sense of tolerance among buyers.

Purin. The term puri in Bali is the name for the residence of Balinese nobility, especially for those who still have kinship ties with the kings of Bali. Based on the caste division system in Bali, puri is occupied by the nobility of the knight caste.

Kecako. The next term of Balinese culture is the Kecak dance which is one of the traditional arts from Bali created in the 1930 ranged by a dancer and artist from Bali namely Wayan Limbak. Kecak dance is a dance derived from Shangyang ceremonial creations that are sacred and should only be done in the temple. To be able to display it as entertainment facilities, then Wayan Limbak innovate by making a dance inspired by the Shangyang movement and making it a famous dance movement to foreign countries. In this dance only use the sound “cak-cak- cak-cak” as the music accompaniment, and is usually accompanied by a sendratari that tells the story of the Ramayana, the event of the abduction of Goddess Shinta by Ravana until his release by Rama and his troops.

Barong p. Barong Barong dance is about the conflict between Dharma (goodness) against Adharma (evil). This dance is also very famous in foreign countries, so foreign tourists who come to Bali commonly always take the time to see this show. q. Melasti Melasti is a purification ceremony to welcome the Nyepi day by all Hindus in Bali. The Melasti ceremony is performed on the beach in order to purify the sacred objects of the temple (God’s pralingga or pratima and all its equipments). The objects are paraded and carried around the village, which aims to purify the village. The execution of theMelasti ceremony is complemented by various offerings as the symbol ofTrimurti , the 3 gods in Hinduism, namely Vishnu, Shiva, and Brahma, and Jumpana, the throne of the Brahma god. r. Paseban Paseban is located in the area of ​​the castle, is a large hall that is used to face the kings in Bali. Similar to the pendopo, the term paseban is also contained inside of the castle, but the difference between pendopo is from the function of the building. Pendopo functioned as a place for meeting that has relation with the public interest, while paseban functioned as a

ISBN: 978-602-294-262-7 395 Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Local Languages place for meeting with the king.

IV. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the discussion that has been done, then the conclusion in this study is the category of Balinese cultural terms used in the media promotion of the city of Denpasar is the category of material culture (keris, gamelan, dokar, pendopo, pewaregan, padmasana, temple bentar), social culture (karawitan, senggol market, puri, kecak, ), tradition (melasti), concepts (paseban).

REFERENCES

Akbari, M. 2013. The Role of Culture in Translation. Jurnal of Academic and Apllied Studies. vol 3 [8]. Dapat diaksek di http//academia.org. Dinas Pariwisata Kota Denpasar. 2016. Discover Denpasar. Denpasar Gromang, Frans dan Yoeti. 2003. Manajemen Kepariwisataan di Indonesia. : Mitra Wacana Media. Harsojo. 1984. Pengantar Antropologi. . Bina Cipta. Moleong, J. 2007. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Rosdakarya

Newmark, Peter. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. Hertfordshire: Prentice Hall Elt Europe.

396 Bali, 23-24 February 2018 Udayana University Press