Hurricane STEM Science, Mitigation, Preparedness And Emergency Management

Education Learning Module For High School

Erik Salna Associate Director Education & Outreach [email protected] 305-348-1146

@FIUExtremeEventsInstitute

@FIUExtremeEvent This community education outreach project is graciously supported in large part through a grant from the Division of Emergency Management.

https://www.floridadisaster.org/ INTRODUCTION WHAT IS STEM EDUCATION? WHAT IS STEM EDUCATION?

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATH WHAT IS THE SCIENCE OF WEATHER? WHAT IS THE SCIENCE OF WEATHER?

METEOROLOGY • REQUIRES MATH CLASSES • REQUIRES SCIENCE CLASSES METEOROLOGY IS THE STUDY OF WEATHER AND CLIMATE Meteorology

STEM Career SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATH TOPIC #1:

Hurricane Science WHEN DOES THE HURRICANE SEASON START AND END? WHEN DOES THE HURRICANE SEASON START AND END? Starts: June 1st Ends: November 30th DO WE NAME HURRICANES? DO WE NAME HURRICANES?

YES

Hurricane Numbers:

Avg. 2020 Named Storms 12 30 Hurricanes 6 13 Majors (Cat. 3,4,5) 3 6

*We are in an active cycle that lasts 25 to 30 years. *The active cycle started in 1995.

Steering Currents Hurricane Eta Hurricane Recipe

Moist No Wind Shear Atmosphere

Low Pressure Warm Ocean Hurricane Recipe

West African Monsoon

Low Surface Air La Niña Pressures

WHAT ARE THE WEAPONS OF A HURRICANE? Weapons of a Hurricane WHAT IS THE HURRICANE INTENSITY SCALE? Hurricane Categories WHAT IS STORM SURGE? Storm Surge Storm Surge WHO HAS TO EVACUATE? Flooding

DOES ANYONE FLY INTO HURRICANES? NOAA Hurricane Hunters

Photo: M. Black HRD

Dropsonde Research Drone On the FIU Campus: NOAA National Hurricane Center Miami National Weather Service The NOAA National Hurricane Center creates the forecast cone.

How is the cone created? Forecast Cone Hazards Extend Far From Center What does the cone show us and what does it not show us? Cone Shows Location but Not Hazards Hurricane Hazard Graphics Forecast Cone Wind Speed Arrival Time of Winds Watches / Warnings Probabilities

Storm Surge Warnings Storm Surge Potential Weather Prediction Inundation Center Rainfall WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A HURRICANE WATCH AND HURRICANE WARNING? HURRICANE WATCH: HURRICANE CONDITIONS ARE POSSIBLE IN 48 HOURS. HURRICANE WARNING: HURRICANE CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED IN 36 HOURS. National Weather Service – Miami Best for Local Information Hurricane Threats & Impacts National Weather Service Information for

Wind Threat Potential Wind Impacts EXTREME DEVASTATING TO CATASTROPHIC

Threat for wind To be safe, aggressively prepare for the greater than 110 mph potential of devastating to catastrophic wind impacts from major hurricane force wind of equivalent Category 3 intensity or higher. HIGH EXTENSIVE

To be safe, aggressively prepare for the Threat for wind 74-110 mph potential of extensive wind impacts from hurricane force wind of equivalent Category 1 or 2 intensity. MODERATE SIGNIFICANT

To be safe, earnestly prepare for the Threat for wind 58-73 mph potential of significant wind impacts from strong tropical storm force wind. ELEVATED LIMITED

To be safe, prepare for the potential of Threat for wind 39-57 mph limited wind impacts from tropical storm force wind. LITTLE TO NONE LITTLE TO NONE

No immediate preparations needed; Wind less than 39 mph little to no wind impacts.

2013 - NWA TOPIC #2:

Hurricane Research Wind Engineering STEM Career SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATH

NHERI Experimental Facility NHERI Experimental Facility Video

https://youtu.be/xK_WfgrbKGs WOW Demonstration

https://youtu.be/d5qjZO7dVDg Positive and Negative Forces from Wind Which roof shape is best in a hurricane? Which roof shape is best in a hurricane? BUILDING CODE 1980s building codes on Left and Right; 2014 Building Code in Center

FloridaFlorida KeysKeys IrmaIrma DamageDamage PicturePicture Credit:Credit: AndyAndy NewmanNewman Category 5 (160 mph) in the Florida Panhandle, October 10th, 2018 BUILDING CODE 1980s building codes on Left and Right; 2017 Building Code in Center

Florida Panhandle Hurricane Michael Damage Picture Credit: DeVoreDesign.com TOPIC #3:

Hurricane Mitigation and Preparedness WHAT IS WIND MITIGATION? WHAT IS WIND MITIGATION?

Protect your home or school from hurricane wind. Mitigation 2005 – Rita 2008 - Ike Every one dollar spent on mitigation, saves at least six dollars in damage and clean-up.

2008 Damage Gilchrist, Texas, Houston Chronicle Hurricane Straps Garage Door Failure Code-Approved Garage Door Hurricane Maria Hurricane Shutters What is stronger, plywood or metal? Tape Does Nothing! WHEN THE POWER GOES OUT, HOW DO YOU SEE IN YOUR HOUSE AT NIGHT? WHEN THE POWER GOES OUT, HOW DO YOU SEE IN YOUR HOUSE AT NIGHT?

Flashlights are better than candles because candles can start a fire in a house. WHERE SHOULD YOU OPERATE A PORTABLE GENERATOR, INSIDE YOUR HOUSE OR OUTSIDE YOUR HOUSE? GENERATOR SAFETY NEVER RUN A GENERATOR INSIDE A HOME.

DEADLY CARBON MONOXIDE GAS! HURRICANE SURVIVAL KIT

FOOD (DRY & CANNED) CAN OPENER WATER GAS CASH FLASHLIGHTS BATTERIES TOPIC #4:

Emergency Management EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

FEMA – Federal

State Emergency Management

County Emergency Management

City Emergency Management What does local county Emergency Management do? Role of Emergency Management

Emergency Management is a very important part of local government. At the local level, Emergency Management is responsible for providing overall pre-disaster planning and other programs such as training and exercises for natural hazard events and man-made disasters that can affect a community. Emergency Management coordinates the preparedness, response and recovery actions needed for a large- scale event such as a hurricane to ensure that lives are safeguarded and property is protected. Director of Emergency Management

The Director of Emergency Management provides recommendations to the head of the local government (for example, the mayor or county administrator) and makes decisions on what courses of action to take to prepare for an event that is about to happen, such as a hurricane or flood. Examples of these actions include ordering evacuations of vulnerable populations; ordering the opening of evacuation shelters; and activating the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to coordinate these actions. Emergency Management STEM Career SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING MATH What is an Emergency Operations Center (EOC)? An Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is a safe facility from which emergency operations can be directed and coordinated. In an EOC officials receive information relating to an emergency incident. Decision makers, response agencies, contractors, volunteer agencies, and any other group with significant response roles may support the emergency response from the EOC. Student Activity:

The activity is for students to assume the role of your county Emergency Management Director and record a Zoom video of themselves, with a PowerPoint, giving a media conference (no longer than 5 to 10 minutes) about a threatening hurricane, before , which would typically be done at the county EOC with media and various county officials in attendance.

The presentation would include a brief hurricane weather briefing and then information related to county preparations, evacuations, etc. Student Activity:

Refer to separate activity module for details.. Additional Resources and High School Competition: 12-Part Hurricane Education Video Series https://mods.org/eyeofthestorm/ Wall of Wind Mitigation Challenge For High Schools Wall of Wind Mitigation Challenge • The WOW Challenge is a judged and scored competition between high school teams to solve a wind mitigation challenge. • The FIU Wall of Wind Team determines the mitigation challenge. • Teams complete 3 components for the competition: technical paper, oral presentation and physical test by the Wall of Wind. Wall of Wind Mitigation Challenge Video

https://youtu.be/QQRlf8uy8eQ For Wall of Wind Challenge Information: Contact: Erik Salna [email protected] 305-348-1146 Or visit: http://www.ihrc.fiu.edu/outreach-education/wall-of-wind- challenge/ This community education outreach project is graciously supported in large part through a grant from the Florida Division of Emergency Management.

https://www.floridadisaster.org/ Thank You

Erik Salna [email protected] 305-348-1146

@FIUExtremeEventsInstitute

@FIUExtremeEvent