Field Trip: , Mataraua Forest and Maunganui Bluff 27- 30-01/06 (Auckland Anniversary Weekend) Jenny Lux (editor)

Having recently completed an MSc thesis with Heiss-Dunlop, Kieran Whelan, Leslie Haines, Christian assistance from the Lucy Cranwell fund (Lux 2005), Fritz, Alistair MacArthur, Graeme Jane, Josh Salter; and now tasked with the secretariat of the Society as (front row from left to right) Lisa Clapperton, Colleen well as a responsibility to organise worthwhile Crampton, Jenny Lux and Elaine Marshall. We were botanical expeditions for its members, I decided to also accompanied by Stephen King, Awhi Nathan, Rose lead a group of Bot Soccers into the depths of Birch and Richard Gillies (not pictured). Waipoua Forest, which had been my home and study area for the previous two years. I had cultivated friendly relations with the local Department of Conservation (DoC) staff, so we were able to avail ourselves of a fine old kauri villa for Auckland Anniversary Weekend, located at the site of the DoC Waipoua Forest HQ on the southern side of the Waipoua River (Fig. 1.). We used this as our base to explore forest dominated by kauri () in the mid-altitudes of Waipoua (around 200-300 m asl), towai (Weinmannia silvicola) forest at 600 m asl on the Mataraua Forest plateau, and mixed coastal forest and shrublands rising from sea level to 400 m asl on Maunganui Bluff.

In attendance at the camp, for all or part of the Fig. 1: Attendees at the camp, DoC Waipoua Forest weekend were: (back row from left to right) Doug HQ. Shaw, Brian Cumber, Helen Cogle, Maureen Young, Gael Donaghy, Sandra Jones, John Millett, Shelley

Fig. 2: Location of sites visited by the Auckland Botanical Society on the Anniversary Weekend Camp 2006.

48 The Waipoua area has always been a popular spot (9,000 ha) Forest Sanctuary in 1952. It is interesting with Auckland Botanical Society. There have been to note that, with a choice of two possible options, field trips run there around once a decade since the they recommended the smaller area of only 10,000 Society’s inception, i.e. in 1949 (Anon 1949), 1955 acres for protection, because of the ‘necessity for fire (Hynes 1955), 1963 (Davis 1964), 1970 (Wormald prevention’ and because they had observed that other 1971), 1989 (Beever and Beever 1989) and 1997 reserves nationwide were faring extremely badly under (Young et al. 1997). There may have been more of the ‘depredations of introduced animals’. Therefore which I am not aware. The Auckland Botanical Society they asked ‘how then should we expect Waipoua to (ABS) committee advocated strongly for the protection receive better treatment?’ (extracts from a letter to the of kauri forest at Waipoua in the late 1940s and early Commissioner of State Forests in 1949). 1950s, before the establishment of a 22,000 acre

Yakas Track to Omaia Clearing Jenny Lux On Saturday morning we departed from the ‘Kauri Walks’ carpark on State Highway 12 and followed the After less than 100m. (and already an hour had Yakas Track southwards towards Omaia clearing, an passed!), the track out of Tarahoka meets an old old Maori burn which was the subject of my thesis. logging road (put in during the 1940s to take out kauri First burnt by Maori and later by gumdiggers, it is now for the ‘war effort’), and heads westwards toward the one of the finest, weed-free pieces of regenerating ‘Four Sisters’, ‘’, the ‘Yakas Tree’ forest (albeit with a strong ‘gumland’ influence) in and other famous large kauri trees. Here we delved northern ; home to such threatened further into the recent groves of young kauri and towai species as the fern Todea barbara and the North trees sporting the winika orchid (Winika cunninghamii) Island fernbird (Bowdleria punctata vealeae). in flower. Kirk’s tree daisy (Brachyglottis kirkii var. kirkii) is quite abundant in this community and was The car park where we began also originated through just starting to flower. Maori burning around 500 years ago (Ogden et al. 2003). It is named Tarahoka by tangata whenua, who There were some Mida salicifolia present in this area, are Te Iwi o Te Roroa. Awhi Nathan of Te Roroa and which afforded us a lesson on the differences between Stephen King of the Waipoua Forest Trust this species, the ‘shiny-leaved’ maire, and the other accompanied us on our trip. species it could potentially be confused with, i.e. white maire (Nestegis lanceolata). Apart from the obvious Robert Collins, Forest Service Officer in Charge at trait of comparatively shiny leaves with sinuous Waipoua in the 1950s, recorded and mapped the oral margins, Mida salicifolia has both opposite and history relating to these forest clearings, told to him by alternate pairs of leaves on the stem, whereas white a Te Roroa kaumatua, Arthur Paniora, which described maire is always opposite. We also found a black maire sites such as Tarahoka and Omaia as ‘bird landings’, (Nestegis cunninghamii) seedling. Sandra Jones i.e. areas where birds would be hunted. In the case of contends that if you look at a black maire leaf against these particular two sites, North Island brown kiwi the light of day it will have marked veins, unlike white (Apteryx mantelli) were the target. They would be maire, which is less see-though. hunted using dogs and fire, the by-product often being a small burn-off of the bush. On the other side of the logging track, near the Four Sisters, we got into some mature kauri forest and At Tarahoka we walked on a path through dense were delighted to find Pterostylis brumalis rosettes on bracken with Baumea teretifolia poking through to eye a large kauri humus mound. We also found a few height, dotted with occasional pole rimu, towai and tufts of the ancient fern ally Tmesipteris tannensis, kauri. At the encouragement of Stephen, several which has three similar species all also known from (brave or foolhardy) people tried the flesh of tutu Waipoua (T. elongata, T. lanceolata and T. (Coriaria arborea) berries, which were juicy pink and sigmatifolia). Maureen Young offered one of her purple at the time, though pains were taken to avoid useful phrases for remembering which one is T. the toxic seeds. Meanwhile, some tui (Prosthemadera tannensis – “It’s got boats, not bums” - in reference to novaeseelandiae) around us were feasting on the less the shape of the spore capsules (synangia). risky Coprosma grandifolia berries. On the trunks of some of the silver tree ferns (Cyathea dealbata) in the Before starting on the Yakas Track proper, we took clearing we noted the tiny filmy fern Hymenophyllum some time to view several kauri which had been killed armstrongii with its characteristic black teeth, as well or weakened by Phytophthora cinnamomi, an as several associates including H. demissum, H. introduced -killing, soil-borne fungus of Southeast revolutum and H. multifidum. This was a useful Asian origin. According to Stephen King, who had moment for some to get a grip on some of the been observing the site for over a decade, gravelling distinguishing features of our smallest ferns. and compaction of the root area around the trees had 49 created the conditions necessary for Phytophthora to west. The group sat down on carpets of Dicranoloma thrive. One particular individual had improved since mosses at the track edge to listen to the story of the start of the track had been rerouted to divert Omaia and some of the theories of its origin and people’s footsteps and pooling water away from the development (more to follow in a future in-depth feeder roots. paper on this topic). Then we were off down the track and into the undergrowth to rediscover the population The Yakas Track passes through glades of taraire of Todea barbara which I had stumbled across while (Beilschmiedia tarairi) and towai, punctuated by tall mapping the vegetation in 2005 (Fig. 3). We re-found columnar stands of kauri, and threaded together with the 20+ individuals, which appear to be associated kiekie (Freycinetia banksii), the moisture-loving vine with the base of a burnt kauri tree in the centre of the and relative of the pandanus. We stopped to have clearing. Gael Donaghy may have found some lunch at one of the most glorious spots, called seedlings of Pseudopanax gilliesii at this spot, however ‘Cathedral Grove’, now protected by a board-walk this could not be confirmed. On a subsequent visit in platform. It is a stand of millennial kauri emergent October 2006 Maureen Young could not locate any P. over tawheowheo (Quintinia serrata), tawari (Ixerba gilliesii, so it is likely that these were the more brexioides), oro-oro (Nestegis montana), mingimingi common five-finger (P. arboreus). (Leucopogon fasciculatus), Hall’s totara (Podocarpus hallii), horopito (Pseudowintera axillaris) and white rata vine (Metrosideros albiflora). There are too many species to describe fully in this account, however those occurring along the Yakas Track have been fully listed in Appendix 1, compiled by Graeme Jane and Gael Donaghy on this trip and a previous visit.

As we wended our way through this fantastically diverse and fascinating forest, the following features caught our collective attention. Microlaena carsei grew patchily on track edges, in muddy spots. We found a ‘vegetable caterpillar’ between taraire roots. This is formed by a fungus (Cordiceps robertsii) which parasitises unsuspecting moth larvae and causes them to die head-up in a soil burrow, fully replicating the body shape of the insect in fungal hyphae and finally Fig. 3: Todea barbara at Omaia clearing, nestled sending its fruiting body (i.e. the mushroom) out of amongst Astelia trinervia and sapling kauri. the insect’s head and above ground. At one particular spot, under the up-turned root mass of a taraire we We returned to the vehicles the same way we had found an abundance of exotic weedy species, the only come, though in about quarter the time. Graeme Jane appearance so far in the forest interior. We attributed took a direct route back to the HQ via the continuation this to the site being used as a quad-bike park. The of the Yakas Track, and found more vegetable most abundant weed was Lotus pedunculatus. caterpillars under taraire. We had hoped he might find Danhatchia australis, formerly known as Yoania We knew we had arrived at Omaia clearing when we australis, an orchid which is parasitic on taraire and moved into a lofty stand of kauri and kawaka was last recorded at Waipoua in 1955. (Libocedrus plumosa) of approximately 50 cm diameter, past a band of tall kanuka (Kunzea In the evening we tucked into lemon chicken and I ericoides), and then into thickets of ricker kauri showed some slides from my thesis. flanked by tall kauri grass (Astelia trinervia). At this point you could hear the ocean some 8 km to the

Maunganui Bluff – southern side to summit Leslie Haines Maunganui Bluff is a very special site botanically, threatened Hebe speciosa (titirangi) coming into having forest down to the sea, and along with flower - all the rich purple colour popular with home Waitakere Ranges and parts of the Taranaki coast, this gardeners and plant breeders. This is the stronghold is all that’s left on the west coast of the North Island. for titirangi and was more common than expected. It grows in the open, partially sheltered behind flax Immediately after we began on the track from the , rather than on exposed ridges. carpark near the beach we came across Fuchsia procumbens growing amongst the long grass beside Halfway up we moved across the major stream gully the track. And then it wasn't long before we saw the with Machaerina sinclairii and Arthropodium cirratum 50 and seemed to leave the Hebe speciosa behind. nearby exposed plants had considerably reduced leaf Above this gully the Rhabdothamnus solandri size. Hebe flavida was in flower and easily displayed particularly dark red flowers and large distinguished from H. stricta and H. macrocarpa by the leaves. Exposed rocky sites well above the coastline yellow midrib. The forest near the summit has the last had Tetragonia implexicoma, Apium prostratum, local remnant of Pennantia corymbosa that was Lobelia anceps, Peperomia urvilleana and Mentha probably more common before clearance and grazing. cunninghamii. One of the features of the Bluff was the high number of Coprosma species: C. robusta, C. macrocarpa, C. grandifolia, C. lucida, C. rhamnoides, C. areolata, C. repens, C. arborea, C. neglecta, C. parviflora, C. hybrid. Coprosma neglecta was gorgeous in scrambling and cushion-bush habits. In contrast C. parviflora displayed its typical angled form.

The day was hot and very humid which was very taxing for most, despite the botanising pace. The track meanders before climbing fairly steeply to the fence line. We reached the fence line by 1.30pm for a late (for us) lunch and met Stephen King who, along with locals Awhi Nathan and Rose Birch who walked up the hill with us. They took us to the summit of the Bluff at 461 m asl, pointing out tapu sites. This site is Fig. 4: Our group at the base of Maunganui Bluff, culturally significant for Te Iwi o Te Roroa and was facing south towards Aranga Beach. Flax (Phormium one of three high points in the region, important tenax) and coastal toetoe (Cortaderia splendens) are strategically and spiritually for Maori. Botanising here very common here. was fairly brief, with a coastal kowhai species Sophora fulvida and a local population of Olearia albida of The track winds its way up the Bluff and passes particular interest, before we made our way down in through patches of forest mostly in the gullies that order to catch the low tide for cliff scrambling. We were dominated by taraire and towai with some kauri weren't able to scramble around the steeper slopes and miro. The plastic form of hangehange but with binoculars had Chionochloa bromoides (Geniostoma ligustrifolium) was demonstrated here pointed out hugging rocks near the summit. with sheltered plants displaying large lush leaves while

Maunganui Bluff – coastal cliffs Maureen Young At the beach at the base of the Bluff, a low spring tide toothed margins. This little plant is found only at had brought out the kai moana collectors in full force. three sites on the west coast of the Northland The cliff vegetation consisted of a low sward of coastal peninsula, and at this site two small patches were herbs on the lower slopes, including Disphyma seen, covering three or four square metres in total. australe, Senecio lautus, Selliera radicans, Calystegia soldanella, Apium prostratum, and Sarcocornia On a steep vertical face, growing in a wet seepage, quinqueflora. Also present were the sand wind grass, was a single plant of the native sow thistle, Sonchus Lachnagrostis billardierei, and prostrate bushes of kirkii. On the clifftops grew karo, flax, Hebe speciosa Coprosma repens. Among these plants grew the and flags of toetoe, Cortaderia splendens, with a nationally vulnerable button daisy, Leptinella fringe of the coastal tussock, Chionochloa bromoides. rotundata, with its rounded, sparsely hairy leaves with

Mataraua Forest graced by kokako and Gratiola sexdentata Lisa Clapperton We set out at 5 am from camp to reach the Waoku We drove along the rutted farm track to the start of Coach Rd, which runs through the Mataraua Forest, the old road, where we set off on foot with the night just before dawn. The morning was fine and humid, insects still singing in the bush. Botanising was though the temperature cooled as we got up into the minimal, with only the white undersides of the Fuchsia hills. At an average altitude of 600 m asl, Mataraua excorticata clearly visible in the gloom. A large kauri Forest gets a much higher rainfall than Waipoua, snail (Paryphanta busbyi busbyi) was crawling across receiving approximately 2500 mm per annum. the track, its shiny brown shell about 100 mm in length and the blue-black body about the same again.

51 The twittering of the small birds slowly took over from Coprosma grandifolia, kapuka (Griselinia littoralis) and the insects with a single call of a tui being the first bird makamaka (Ackama rosifolia). Sticherus cunninghamii call I was aware of. The plaintive notes of the kokako was covering some of the cuttings alongside the track. could be heard off in the distance to the west of the track as we walked along through the low cloud. We We got as far as the ‘Hippie shed’ before turning and paused at a bend in the track next to a cut away bank wandering back, getting strung out in our usual to listen, and distant calls were heard. manner. Just before 8.30 am a pair of kokako was sighted in the canopy above the track, dueting to each “Forget the birds, here’s Gratiola sexdentata!” was other as they moved along the branches. After a few Maureen Young’s cry, after several minutes of calm minutes, a fledgling was heard and possibly sighted by during which she had gainfully employed her botanical some… I saw the leaves move but not the whites of its eye. Gratiola sexdentata was well established in the eyes. It was a wonderful experience to hear the damp edges of the track, as was Viola filicaulis. Earina haunting calls in the misty cloud, looking up into that autumnalis was in full flower on an old log. damp canopy and seeing the birds moving from tree to tree. The current kokako count in that area is 17 As it grew lighter, and the trees more discernable, it pairs, the largest remaining population in Northland could be seen that the bush was dominated by towai after Puketi Forest’s great decline. with a few emergent rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) and pukatea (Laurelia novae-zelandiae). The forest We bumped our way back to reality in our well licked had been cleared, obviously during the construction of cars (that had been parked in the cow paddock) to the road in the mid-1800s, but also burnt c. 1880 in a arrive back at camp after a full day at 10 am. Thanks settler-initiated fire. Other frequent species in the Jenny and Richard. forest mixture were tawari, Raukaua edgerleyi,

References Anon 1949: Waipoua Kauri Forest. Auckland Botanical Society Newsletter 6: 5-6. Beever J.E. and Beever R.E. 1989: Report on Waima-Waipoua-Mataraua Forests field trip January 1989. Auckland Botanical Society Journal 44: 29-30 Davis E.M. 1964: A Visit to Waipoua. Auckland Botanical Society Newsletter, March 1964, 1-3. Eagle, A.L. 2006: Eagle’s Complete Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand: Vol. 1. Te Papa Press, Wellington. Hynes P. 1955: Waipoua Forest Trip. Auckland Botanical Society Newsletter 12: 1-2. Lux J.K. 2005: Vegetation-environment relationships after burning of kauri (Agathis australis) forest, Waipoua Forest, Northland, New Zealand. Unpublished Master of Science thesis, University of Auckland. Ogden J., Deng Y., Boswijk G. and Sandiford A. 2003: Vegetation changes since early Maori fires in Waipoua Forest, Northern New Zealand. Journal of Archaeological Science 30: 753-767. Wormald B. 1971: Labour Weekend – Omapere. Auckland Botanical Society Newsletter 28: 4-5. Young M., Benham S. and Wesley A. 1997: Field Trip to Waipoua Forest and Tutamoe, Easter 1997. Auckland Botanical Society Journal 52: 19

Appendix 1: Vascular Plants on the Yakas Track, Waipoua Forest (Maureen Young and Graeme Jane, based on several previous visits).

*= Exotic

Psilopsids, Lycopods & makawe Quillworts Asplenium oblongifolium shining spleenwort Huperzia varia hanging clubmoss; iwituna Asplenium polyodon sickle spleenwort; petako Lycopodiella cernua Blechnum discolor crown fern; piupiu; petipeti Lycopodiella lateralis carpet clubmoss climbing hard fern; thread Lycopodium deuterodensum puakarimu Blechnum filiforme fern waewae-koukou; climbing Blechnum fraseri Lycopodium volubile clubmoss Blechnum nigrum black fern Tmesipteris elongata Blechnum novae-zelandiae kiokio Tmesipteris lanceolata Cardiomanes reniforme kidney fern; raurenga Tmesipteris sigmatifolia Ctenopteris heterophylla Tmesipteris tannensis Cyathea cunninghamii slender tree fern Cyathea dealbata ponga; silver fern Ferns mamaku; korau; black tree Adiantum cunninghamii maiden hair fern Cyathea medullaris fern Anarthropteris lanceolata Cyathea smithii soft-leaved tree fern hen and chickens fern; Dicksonia lanata tuokura; stumpy tree fern Asplenium bulbiferum moku Dicksonia squarrosa wheki; harsh tree fern Asplenium flaccidum s. str. hanging spleenwort; Gleichenia dicarpa waewaekaka; tangle fern 52 Grammitis billardierei common strap fern Alseuosmia quercifolia Grammitis pseudociliata Aristotelia serrata wineberry; makomako Histiopteris incisa water fern Ascarina lucida hutu Hymenophyllum armstrongii Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire Hymenophyllum atrovirens agg. Beilschmiedia tawa tawa Hymenophyllum demissum piripiri; irirangi Brachyglottis kirkii var. kirkii Kirk’s daisy Hymenophyllum dilatatum lop-sided filmy fern Brachyglottis repanda rangiora; bushmans friend Hymenophyllum ferrugineum Carmichaelia arborea Hymenophyllum flabellatum fan fern Carpodetus serratus putaputaweta; marbleleaf Hymenophyllum flexuosum Coprosma arborea mamangi; tree coprosma Hymenophyllum multifidum Coprosma grandifolia raurekau; kanono; mamono Hymenophyllum rarum wire-stemmed filmy fern Coprosma lucida karamu; shining karamu Hymenophyllum revolutum Coprosma robusta karamu Hymenophyllum Coriaria arborea tree tutu sanguinolentum blood-scented filmy fern Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka; kopi Hymenophyllum scabrum coarse-haired filmy fern Dracophyllum latifolium needle-leaved neinei Hypolepis distans Dracophyllum lessonianum Lastreopsis hispida hairy fern Dysoxylum spectabile kohekohe Leptopteris hymenophylloides single crepe fern; heruheru Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau Lindsaea trichomanoides Epacris pauciflora tamingi; bog epacris mangemange; bushmans Fuchsia excorticata fuchsia; kotukutuku Lygodium articulatum mattress Gaultheria antipoda snowberry; tawiniwini Microsorum pustulatum hounds tongue; kowaowao Griselinia lucida puka Microsorum scandens mokimoki; fragrant fern Hedycarya arborea pigeonwood; porokaiwhiri scented fern; matata; ring Paesia scaberula fern Hoheria populnea houhere; lacebark gully fern; pakau; Ixerba brexioides tawari Pneumatopteris pennigera pakauroharoha Knightia excelsa rewarewa; NZ honeysuckle Pteridium esculentum bracken; rauaruhe Kunzea ericoides kanuka; white teatree Pteris tremula turawera Laurelia novae-zelandiae pukatea Rumohra adiantiformis butcher's fern Leionema nudum mairehau Schizaea dichotoma fan fern Leptospermum scoparium manuka; red teatree Schizaea fistulosa comb fern Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi; kaikaitau Todea barbara Litsea calicaris mangeo Trichomanes elongatum bristle fern Lophomyrtus bullata ramarama Trichomanes strictum Macropiper excelsum kawakawa; pepper tree Trichomanes venosum veined bristle fern Melicope simplex poataniwha Todea barbara Melicytus macrophyllus large-leaved mahoe Melicytus micranthus manakura; swamp mahoe Gymnosperm trees and Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe shrubs Metrosideros robusta northern rata Agathis australis kauri Mida salicifolia willow-leaved maire Dacrycarpus dacrydioides kahikatea, white pine Myrsine australis red matipo; mapou Dacrydium cupressinum rimu, red pine Myrsine salicina toro Halocarpus kirkii monoao Nestegis cunninghamii black maire Manoao colensoi silver pine, manoao Nestegis lanceolata white maire Libocedrus plumosa kawaka orooro; narrow-leaved Phyllocladus trichomanoides tanekaha; celery pine Nestegis montana maire Podocarpus hallii Hall's totara Olearia rani heketara Podocarpus totara totara tawhirikaro; perching Prumnopitys taxifolia matai; black pine Pittosporum cornifolium kohukohu Prumnopitys ferruginea miro; brown pine Pittosporum eugenioides lemonwood; tarata Pittosporum tenuifolium agg. black matipo; kohuhu Dicotyledonous trees and Pseudopanax arboreus five finger; puhou shrubs Pseudopanax crassifolius lancewood; horoeka Ackama rosifolia makamaka Pseudowintera axillaris horopito Alseuosmia banksii agg. Quintinia serrata agg. westland quintinia Alseuosmia macrophylla toropapa Raukaua anomalus whauwhaupaku 53 Raukaua edgerleyi raukawa taurepo; waiutua; kaikai Sedges Rhabdothamnus solandri aruhe Baumea teretifolia Schefflera digitata pate; patae; kotete Carex dissita Streblus heterophyllus turepo; milk tree Carex solandri Syzygium maire swamp maire Gahnia setifolia Toronia toru toru Gahnia xanthocarpa giant sedge Vitex lucens pururi; kauere Isolepis reticularis Weinmannia silvicola towai; tawhero Schoenus maschalinus Uncinia banksii Dicotyledonous lianes and Uncinia uncinata watu related trailing plants Uncinia zotovii Clematis cunninghamii scented clematis; pokopoko

Clematis paniculata clematis; puawhananga Rushes and allied plants Metrosideros albiflora white rata; akatea *Juncus effusus soft rush Metrosideros diffusa white climbing rata; akatea Juncus planifolius Metrosideros fulgens scarlet rata; winter rata Juncus prismatocarpus Metrosideros perforata aka; small white rata;

Muehlenbeckia australis poheuheu Grasses Parsonsia heterophylla maori jasmine; kaihu; Microlaena avenacea bush rice grass Rubus australis bush lawyer Microlaena carsei Rubus cissoides bush lawyer; tataramoa Microlaena stipoides forest rice grass

Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. Daisy-like herbs imbecillis oat grass *Cirsium arvense Californian thistle Rytidosperma gracile forest fairy grass *Gamochaeta spicata purple cudweed Senecio esleri fireweed Remaining Monocotyledonous herbs Dicotyledonous herbs other *Aristea ecklonii than Composits Astelia solandri kowharawhara *Acaena novae-zelandiae red bidibid; piripiri Astelia trinervia *Anagallis arvensis scarlet pimpernel Collospermum hastatum kahakaha Callitriche muelleri starwort Collospermum microspermum Centella uniflora Dianella nigra blueberry; turutu *Conyza sumatrensis broad-leaved fleabane Libertia micrantha star herb Drosera binata scented sundew Phormium tenax flax Gunnera monoica agg. solitary gunnera Hydrocotyle novaezeelandiae Orchids var. robusta common pennywort Bulbophyllum pygmaeum bulb-leaf orchid Lobelia anceps wild lobelia Caladenia chlorostyla Nertera depressa common nertera Corybas acuminatus spider orchid Nertera dichondrifolia hairy nertera Corybas oblongus *Plantago australis swamp plantain Corybas rivularis Ranunculus reflexus maruru; hairy buttercup Corybas rotundifolius *Trifolium repens white clover Drymoanthus adversus

Earina autumnalis Easter orchid; raupeka Monocotyledonous trees and shrubs Earina mucronata Spring orchid; peka-a-waka australis cabbage tree; ti-kouka Microtis unifolia onion orchid forest cabbage tree; ti Pterostylis agathicola Cordyline banksii ngahere Pterostylis banksii tutukiwi ti rauriki; dwarf cabbage Pterostylis brumalis tree Thelymitra pauciflora Rhopalostylis sapida nikau Thelymitra pulchella Winika cunninghamii bamboo orchid Monocotyledonous lianes

Freycinetia banksii kiekie Ripogonum scandens supplejack; kareao

54

Appendix 2: Vascular Plants of Maunganui Bluff (Graeme Jane and Gael Donaghy, based on several previous visits)

* = Exotic

Psilopsids, Lycopods & Trichomanes endlicherianum rock mat fern Quillworts Huperzia varia hanging clubmoss; iwituna Gymnosperm trees and shrubs Ferns Agathis australis kauri Adiantum cunninghamii maiden hair fern Dacrycarpus dacrydioides kahikatea, white pine Adiantum fulvum Dacrydium cupressinum rimu, red pine Anarthropteris lanceolata Podocarpus totara totara Arthropteris tenella jointed fern Prumnopitys taxifolia matai; black pine hen and chickens fern; Asplenium bulbiferum moku Dicotyledonous trees and hanging spleenwort; shrubs Asplenium flaccidum s. str. makawe Ackama rosifolia makamaka Asplenium lamprophyllum Aristotelia serrata wineberry; makomako Asplenium oblongifolium shining spleenwort Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire Asplenium polyodon sickle spleenwort; petako Brachyglottis kirkii var. kirkii Kirk’s daisy Blechnum chambersii nini; lance fern Brachyglottis repanda rangiora; bushmans friend Blechnum discolor crown fern; piupiu; petipeti Carmichaelia australis agg. whip broom; maukoro Blechnum filiforme climbing hard fern Carpodetus serratus putaputaweta; marbleleaf Blechnum membranaceum *Chrysanthemoides monilifera bone-seed Blechnum novae-zelandiae kiokio Coprosma aff. neglecta Cardiomanes reniforme kidney fern; raurenga "Maunganui Bluff variant of Ctenopteris heterophylla Eagle 2006" Cyathea dealbata ponga; silver fern Coprosma arborea mamangi; tree coprosma mamaku; korau; black tree thin leaved coprosma Cyathea medullaris fern Coprosma areolata Dicksonia squarrosa wheki; harsh tree fern Coprosma x cunninghamii (C. propinqua x C. robusta) Doodia australis pukupuku; rasp fern Coprosma grandifolia raurekau; kanono; mamono Hymenophyllum demissum piripiri; irirangi Coprosma lucida karamu; shining karamu Hymenophyllum dilatatum lop-sided filmy fern Coprosma macrocarpa large seeded coprosma Hymenophyllum flexuosum Coprosma repens taupata Hymenophyllum rarum wire-stemmed filmy fern Hymenophyllum Coprosma rhamnoides agg. thorny coprosma sanguinolentum blood-scented filmy fern Coprosma robusta karamu Lastreopsis glabella felted fern Coriaria arborea tree tutu Lastreopsis hispida hairy fern Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka; kopi Leptopteris hymenophylloides single crepe fern; heruheru Dodonaea viscosa akeake Microsorum pustulatum hounds tongue; kowaowao Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau Microsorum scandens mokimoki; fragrant fern Entelea arborescens whau scented fern; matata; ring Geniostoma ligustrifolium hangehange Paesia scaberula fern Griselinia lucida puka gully fern; pakau; Hebe flavida Pneumatopteris pennigera pakauroharoha Hebe speciosa napuka common shield fern; Hedycarya arborea pigeonwood; porokaiwhiri Polystichum wawranum pikopiko Hoheria sexstylosa houhere Pteridium esculentum bracken; rauaruhe Knightia excelsa rewarewa; nz honeysuckle Pteris comans Kunzea ericoides kanuka; white teatree Pteris macilenta sweet fern Leptospermum scoparium manuka; red teatree Pteris saxatilis s. str. Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi; kaikaitau Pteris tremula turawera Pyrrosia eleagnifolia leather-leaf fern 55 Macropiper excelsum kawakawa; pepper tree *Taraxacum officinale dandelion Melicope ternata wharangi Melicytus macrophyllus large-leaved mahoe Dicotyledonous herbs other Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe than Composits Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa *Acaena anserinifolia agg. bidibid Metrosideros robusta northern rata Acaena novae-zelandiae red bidibid; piripiri Myrsine australis red matipo; mapou *Anagallis arvensis scarlet pimpernel Myrsine salicina toro Apium prostratum native celery Olearia albida *Blackstonia perfoliata yellow wort Pennantia corymbosa kaikomako Callitriche muelleri starwort tawhirikaro; perching Calystegia soldanella nihinihi; shore bindweed Pittosporum cornifolium kohukohu *Centaurium erythraea centuary Pittosporum crassifolium karo Centella uniflora Pittosporum eugenioides lemonwood; tarata *Conyza sumatrensis broad-leaved fleabane Pittosporum tenuifolium agg. black matipo; kohuhu *Daucus carota carrot five finger; puhou; Dichondra repens mercury bay weed Pseudopanax arboreus whaupaku *Digitalis purpurea foxglove Pseudopanax crassifolius lancewood; horoeka *Duchesnea indica indian strawberry taurepo; waiutua; kaikai Epilobium chionanthum Rhabdothamnus solandri aruhe *Galium mollugo hedge bedstraw Schefflera digitata pate; patae; kotete Galium propinquum Vitex lucens pururi; kauere Haloragis erecta toatoa

Hydrocotyle elongata Dicotyledonous lianes and related trailing plants Leptostigma setulosum Calystegia sepium pohue; pink bindweed *Linum bienne pale flax Calystegia tuguriorum nz bidweed; powhiwhi *Linum trigynum yellow flax Clematis paniculata clematis; puawhananga Lobelia anceps wild lobelia Fuchsia procumbens creeping fuchsia *Lotus pedunculatus lotus major Metrosideros diffusa white climbing rata; akatea *Lotus suaveolens hairy birdsfoot-trefoil Metrosideros fulgens scarlet rata; winter rata *Lythrum hyssopifolia hyssop loosestrife aka; small white rata; *Modiola caroliniana creeping mallow Metrosideros perforata torotoro *Orobanche minor broomrape Muehlenbeckia complexa pohuehue; wire vine Parietaria debilis Parsonsia heterophylla maori jasmine; kaiwhiria Peperomia urvilleana wharanui Rubus australis bush lawyer *Plantago australis swamp plantain Rubus cissoides bush lawyer; tataramoa ribwort; narrow-leaved *Rubus fruticosus agg. blackberry *Plantago lanceolata plantain *Polygonum prostratum mother shield fern Daisy-like herbs *Prunella vulgaris selfheal *Ageratina adenophora Mexican devil weed Ranunculus reflexus maruru; hairy buttercup *Bellis perennis lawn daisy *Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup *Cirsium vulgare scotch thistle *Rumex acetosella sheep' sorrel Cotula australis soldier's button *Rumex obtusifolius broad-leaved dock *Crepis capillaris hawkesbeard *Sagina procumbens procumbent pearlwort Euchiton audax Solanum americanum small-flowered nightshade Euchiton collinus creeping cudweed *Stellaria media chickweed new zealand spinach; Euchiton involucratus creeping cudweed Tetragonia implexicoma kokihi *Galinsoga parviflora galinsoga *Torilis japonica upright hedge-parsley *Gamochaeta purpurea *Trifolium dubium suckling clover *Gamochaeta spicata purple cudweed *Trifolium repens white clover *Helminthotheca echioides oxtongue *Verbena bonariensis purple-top *Hypochoeris radicata catsear *Veronica plebeia Australian speedwell *Leontodon saxatilis hawkbit

*Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy Monocotyledonous trees *Senecio jacobaea ragwort and shrubs *Sonchus arvensis perennial sow thistle cabbage tree; ti-kouka *Sonchus oleraceus sow thistle; puha; puka Rhopalostylis sapida nikau 56 Dichelachne crinita long-hair plume grass Monocotyledonous lianes *Holcus lanatus Yorkshire fog Freycinetia banksii kiekie Lachnagrostis billardierei sand wind grass Ripogonum scandens supplejack; kareao *Lolium perene perennial ryegrass Microlaena avenacea bush rice grass; oat grass Sedges Microlaena stipoides forest rice grass Baumea juncea Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. Carex breviculmis imbecillis oat grass Carex dissita *Paspalum dilatatum paspalum *Carex divulsa *Pennisetum clandestinum kikuyu Carex flagellifera *Poa annua annual poa Carex lambertiana *Polypogon fugax Carex ochrosaccus Rytidosperma biannulare Carex solandri Rytidosperma gracile forest fairy grass *Cyperus eragrostis *Rytidosperma penicillatum Cyperus ustulatus coastal cutty grass *Sieglingia decumbens heath grass Ficinia nodosa wiwi; leafless sedge *Schedonorus arundinaceus tall fescue Gahnia lacera *Sporobolus africanus needle grass; rats tail Gahnia setifolia Zoysia pauciflora Isolepis cernua Remaining Lepidosperma filiforme Monocotyledonous herbs Machaerina sinclairii broad-leaved sedge *Allium vineale wild onion Schoenus maschalinus Arthropodium cirratum rengarenga lily Uncinia uncinata watu Astelia banksii wharawhara; shore astelia

Astelia fragrans bushflax; kakaha Rushes and allied plants Astelia solandri kowharawhara *Juncus articulatus jointed rush Astelia trinervia *Juncus effusus soft rush Collospermum hastatum kahakaha Juncus pallidus wi *Lilium formosanum *Juncus tenuis Phormium tenax flax

Grasses Orchids *Agrostis capillaris browntop Acianthus sinclairii heart-leaf orchid *Aira caryophyllea silvery hair grass Corybas macranthus *Aira praecox early hair grass Drymoanthus adversus *Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal Earina mucronata spring orchid; peka-a-waka *Briza maxima quaking grass Microtis parviflora *Bromus willdenowii prairie grass Microtis unifolia onion orchid *Cortaderia selloana pampas Thelymitra longifolia white sun orchid Cortaderia splendens coastal toetoe Winika cunninghamii bamboo orchid *Dactylis glomerata cocksfoot

Labour Weekend Camp 2006: Puketotara and Oneriri Peninsulas, Otamatea Ecological District, Kaipara Jenny Lux, Maureen Young, Jan Butcher and Helen Cogle

Introduction Jenny Lux As well as enjoying the customary Auckland Botanical (Brook 1996) which identified 209 significant natural Society (ABS) conviviality, the goal for this long areas (Lux & Beadel 2006), however there were very weekend’s field trip was to explore, collect and few botanical records for any of them. Botanists document some forest remnants on an under- appear to have largely overlooked this area, with an botanised part of the Kaipara Harbour coastline. average of only three indigenous plant specimens per During the summer of 2005/2006 I participated in decade lodged at the Auckland Museum Herbarium. reconnaissance survey (using binoculars only) of the Northland part of the Otamatea Ecological District 57