Giulio Tremonti Chairman, Italia Giulio Tremonti was born in Sondrio on August 18, 1947.

ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL CAREER A professor since 1974, he is a full professor at the University of Pavia Law School. He is a senior counsel entitled to be admitted to the Higher Courts and senior partner of Tremonti & associates Law Firm, with a “best-friends” cooperation agreement with Shearman & Sterling LLP.

He is the author of various publications including: “Rinascimento” (2017) coauthored with V. Sgarbi; “Mundus Furiosus” (2016), “Bugie e Verità- La ragione dei popoli” (2014), “Uscita di sicurezza” (2012), “La paura e la speranza” (2008), “Rischi fatali” (2005), “Lo Stato criminogeno” (1997), “Il fantasma della povertà” (1995). Coauthored with G. Vitaletti: “Le cento tasse degli italiani” (1986), “La fiera delle tasse” (1991), “Il federalismo fiscale” (1994). Coauthored with S. Cassese, F. Galgano and T. Treu: “Nazioni senza ricchezza, ricchezze senza nazione” (1993).

Giulio Tremonti has been a visiting professor at the Institute of Comparative Law in Oxford. He has participated in many debates and conferences in and abroad, including: Oxford Union Society; Cambridge Union Society; Humboldt Universität; Chatham House; Freiburg Universität – Walter Eucken-Vorlesung; Yale University – School of Law; Herzliya Conference; Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. From 1984 to 1994, when he began his political career, he was an opinionist for Corriere della Sera. He is co-editor of “Rivista di diritto finanziario e scienza delle finanze”. He is a member of the Moral Sciences class of the Lombard Academy of Sciences and Letters and Chairman of Aspen Institute Italia.

POLITICAL CAREER A member of the from 1994 to 2017. Giulio Tremonti has served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Finance, Minister of Economy and Finance and Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies.

Giuliano Amato Honorary Chairman, Aspen Institute Italia Professor Emeritus at the EUI in Florence, member of Parliament for 18 years, twice Treasury Minister, Minister of Interior and twice Prime Minister of Italy, he also headed the 2003-2005 International Commission on the Balkans and was Vice President of the Convention on the Future of Europe. Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, until September 2013 he was President of the Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana, of the Superior School S.Anna in Pisa and of the Center for American Studies. He also chaired the Scientific Board of Astrid and the International Advisory Board of the Fondazione ItalianiEuropei. In September 2013 he was appointed Judge of the Constitutional Court by the President of the Republic and due to this new position he has resigned from all the other ones.

He has written books and articles on antitrust, personal liberties, government, European integration and humanities.

1 © Document to be used exclusively for Aspen Institute Italia institutional purposes Cesare Romiti Honorary Chairman, Aspen Institute Italia - June 24, 1923 Graduated in Economic ed Commercial Sciences (1945) In 1947 he joined the B.P.D. (Bombrini, Parodi, Delfino) Group; in 1955 he became Vice General Manager of one of the Group companies and thereafter was promoted in various stages to the position of General Manager of B.P.D. In 1968 he played a leading role in the merger of B.P.D. with Snia Viscosa; upon completion of this operation he was appointed General Financial Manager for the coordination of Snia Viscosa. On January 26, 1970 he joined the Board of Alitalia with the position of Managing Director and, immediately afterwards, of General Manager too. In September 1973, he became Managing Director and General Manager of the IRI finance company Italstat. On November 1, 1974, he joined the Fiat Group as Manager of the Central Department of Finance, Planning and Control and member of the Management Committee. On April 30, 1976, he became a member of the Board and Managing Director. From November 1988 to December 1990 he was directly responsible for the Car Sector as Managing Director of Fiat Auto, in addition to his previous assignments. From February 28, 1996 to June 22, 1998 he was Chairman of the Board of Fiat S.p.a. From on June 2, 1998 to July 15, 2004 he was appointed Chairman of the Board of RCS Quotidiani S.p.A. (formerly RCS Editori S.p.A.) On March 8, 2000 he was also appointed Chairman of the Italian-Chinese Institute. On January 12, 2004 he was also appointed Chairman of the Italy-China Foundation. On 15 July 2004 he was also appointed President of the Honour of the Board of RCS Media Group. From May 2, 2005 to May 2007 he was also appointed Chairman of Impregilo S.p.a. From January, 2007 he was also appointed Member of the Board of Directors of “Fondazione Musica per Roma, and on February 21, 2007 he was appointed Chairman of the Board Of “Accademia delle Belle Arti “ in Rome.

Honours and awards Cesare Romiti has been nominated Cavaliere del Lavoro, Cavaliere Gran Croce Italian Repubblic, and Officer of the French Legion d’Honneur. He has received honorary degrees from the Complutense University of Madrid and the Catholic University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte (Brazil), and Pisa University has awarded him an honorary degree in Mechanical Engineering. The University IULM (University of Foreign Languages and Communications of Milan) has awarded him an honorary degree in Public Relations. He received a Honorary degree in Business Administration from St. John’s University in Rome. He has received the International Manager Award from the World Management council of New York, together with the Dalai Lama, the Lifetime Achievement Award of Business from the N.I.A.F. (National Italian American Foundation) of Washington DC, the Globo d’Oro from the Italy-America Chamber of Commerce of New York, and the Tiepolo Prize from the Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Spain in Madrid, the Campidoglio Prize for the Economy from the Rome City Council. The magazine “Il Mondo” nominated Mr. Romiti “Manager of the year” in 1982 and the American weekly “Automotive News” voted him the “Best European Executive, Automobile Industry” in 1988.

2 © Document to be used exclusively for Aspen Institute Italia institutional purposes On October 13, 2006 he has received the citizenship of the city of Pechino, for his efforts in strengthening the relationship between Italy and China. Awarded from the President of the “Chinese people’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries” On April 19, 2008 he has also received the title of Honorary professor from the University Of Donghua in Shanghai.

Positions in organizations and associations Mr. Romiti is President of the Honour committee of Unicef, a member of the Steering committee and General Board of Assonime, President of the Honour of the Council of the Aspen Institute of Italy. From 2004 to 2006 he was appointed Chancellor of Nostra Signora del Buon Consiglio University in Tirana.

Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini Honorary Chairman, Aspen Institute Italia Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (born 27 November 1944 in Varese) is an Italian economist and politician. He is a university professor in applied economics and was chancellor of the Luiss University of Rome (1984–1992). In 1992 he became Senator for the (PLI), and was appointed as chairman of the Committee for European affairs of the Senate. Re-elected in 1994, during the XII Legislature, Scognamiglio was elected as President of Senate. In 1998 he joined the project Democratic Union for the Republic and was Defense Minister from 21 October 1988 to 22 December 1999. Presently he is full professor of applied economics, life-time trustee of the Aspen Institute and President of the Italian Liberal Party. Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini has been awarded of the prestigious prize for Economics of the "Académie Française" in 1988. As sportsman, he was world champion of sailing (International Ocean Races - One Ton Cup 1976).

Publications He is the author of over 80 publications in English and Italian, among which: • Keynes and the New Millennium Crisis, Treves Editore, Roma 2009. • . Adam Smith visto da Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini, Luiss University Press, Roma 2007 and 20092. • Economia industriale. Economia dei mercati imperfetti, Luiss University Press, Roma 2006. • Adam Smith XXI secolo, Luiss University Press, Roma 2005. • La guerra del Kosovo, Rizzoli, Milano 2002. • La democrazia in Italia, Rizzoli, Milano 1996. • Teoria e politica della finanza industriale, il Mulino, Bologna 1987. • Crisi e risanamento dell'industria italiana, Giuffrè, Milano 1979. • Mercato dei capitali, borse valori e finanziamento delle imprese industriali, Franco Angeli Edizioni, Milano 1974.

3 © Document to be used exclusively for Aspen Institute Italia institutional purposes Vice Chairman, Aspen Institute Italia Lucio Stanca lives in San Fermo della Battaglia, Como (Italy), with his wife Francesca and their daughters Benedetta and Isabella. After completing a university degree in Economics and Commerce at the Bocconi University in Milan, and having served, as part of his military service, for the Grenadiers of Sardinia, he joined IBM Italy in Milan in 1968. He worked for IBM up until March 2001 holding various positions in Italy as well as in the United States and France including: Chairman and CEO of IBM Italy, Member of the World Wide Management Committee and IBM Vice-President. In the years previous to retirement he held the position of Chairman and Director General of IBM EMEA, with responsibility for operations in Europe, Middle East and Africa, and was based in Paris. Since 1991 he has been Vice Chairman of Aspen Institute Italia and since July 2002 he is also Chairman of Aspen Junior Fellows. He is Member of the Board of PartnerRe, the leading international reinsurance group, listed in the NYSE. In 2001 he was appointed Minister for Innovation and Technologies, in charge of national government policy in matters relating to technological innovation with a special focus on Information and Communications Technologies, in order to promote the development of the "Information Society". He was also in charge of the "e-Government for Development" program, aimed at assisting emerging countries in modernizing their Public Administration systems through ICT. In addition, he was a member of the Board of the Gateway Foundation (World Bank organization supporting developing countries). In April 2006 he was elected to the Italian Senate, where he was member of the Industry Committee. In April 2008 he was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies, where he is presently member of the Committee for the European Policy. In 2004, Mr. Stanca was conferred a doctorate "honoris causa" in computer science. From April 2009 to June 2010, he was appointed Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Expo 2015 S.p.A., the company that is in charge of the organization and management of the Expo in Milan in 2015.

Angelo M. Petroni Secretary General, Aspen Institute Italia Angelo M. Petroni was born in 1956 in Montefalco, in Umbria. He graduated from the University of Pisa and received his doctorate from Université Catholique de Louvain.

A professor since 1994, Mr Petroni currently teaches Logic and Philosophy of Science at La Sapienza University of Rome. He previously held the chair of Epistemology of Human Sciences at the University of Bologna. He has taught at the Sorbonne (Paris IV) and has been visiting professor at many different universities.

He sits on the Scientific Council of Italy’s National Research Council’s “Cultural Identity” department.

From 2010 to 2012, he was President of the Board of “UniTelma Sapienza”.

From 2001 to 2006, he was Director General of the National School of Public Administration of the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, where he began teaching in 2000.

4 © Document to be used exclusively for Aspen Institute Italia institutional purposes

Since 1988, he has been a member of the Mont Pelerin Society. He joined the Board of Aspen Institute Italia in 2003 and was appointed Secretary General in 2007.

Mr Petroni belongs to a number of organizations, foundations and journals, including Logic and Philosophy of Science, Mind and Society, Journal of Libertarian Studies, Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines, Procesos de Mercato, Centro di Ricerca e Documentazione , Fondazione Luigi Einaudi, Fondazione Aurelio Peccei, Fondazione NovaResPublica, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Fondazione per l’Innovazione tecnologica, Fondazione Italia-USA, National Center for Business Ethics, Loyola University. From 1984 to 2004 he was editor-in-chief of Biblioteca della libertà. From 1985 to 1990 he was an editor at Il Mulino. From 1990 to 2002 he was a member of the editorial board of the journal International Studies in the Philosophy of Science.

He is also a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Istituto di Bologna and was once on the boards of New York’s Foundation for Italian Art and Culture and the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University. He has held the position of President of the Fondazione Internazionale Premio “Galileo Galilei” of the Italian Rotary Club.

From 2003 to 2012, he was member of the executive board of the Italian public broadcasting company, RAI. He was previously a member of the Italian Encyclopedia Institute’s executive board as well.

From 2000 to 2002, he sat on the Scientific Council of the Italian Industrialists’ Organization’s Research Center, and from 2000 to 2008 he was a member of the Board of the Compagnia di San Paolo di Torino.

Mr Petroni has written extensively about the history and logic of scientific discovery in physics, the methodology of social sciences, and contemporary liberal thought.

Mr Petroni has been a columnist for The Wall Street Journal Europe and Il Sole 24 Ore.

5 © Document to be used exclusively for Aspen Institute Italia institutional purposes