Volume VIII, Number 2 Sabin Summer 2005 EPORT The newsletter of the Albert B. Sabin Vaccine InstituteR — dedicated to disease prevention www.sabin.org Scientific Innovators and Newsmaker Honored at Annual Sabin Vaccine Institute Benefit MedImmune, Inc. Scientific Founders, the Serum Institute of , and CNN’s Larry King Honored

The Sabin Vaccine Institute cel- health of their fellow citizens,” said H.R. plished, or through personal commitment ebrated with its many supporters and Shepherd, SVI chairman. “Whether by to a compelling healthcare cause, as in recognized a unique selection of lead- developing truly innovative and break- the case of Mr. King, all of our award ers in disease research and healthcare through advancements in medicine as recipients are outstanding humanitar- innovations at the annual dinner held MedImmune’s scientific founders have ians and philanthropists. The Sabin In- on June 29 at the University Club in successfully done, or by meeting the stitute is honored to recognize these New York City. The theme for this demands of quality and volume of vac- individuals and to witness their progress year’s benefit event, “Celebrating cine supply for large populations, as the on scientific and healthcare fronts.” Leadership in Global Health,” captured Serum Institute of India has accom- The master of ceremonies for the the sense of international inclusion event was Dr. Max Gomez, among this year’s honorees. The 2005 health and science editor at Sabin award recipients included three NewsChannel 4 in New York. leaders in the field of infectious disease His medical and health re- research from leader ports appear live weekdays MedImmune, Inc.; the founder and sci- on “Live at Five.” The Sabin entific director of the Serum Institute Awards benefit was chaired of India, a leading global vaccine manu- this year by William R. facturer; and CNN talk show host Berkley, chairman and CEO Larry King, whose Cardiac Care Foun- of W. R. Berkley Corpora- dation assists those in need of financial tion, with benefit co-chairs assistance for their treatment. Larry King, at left with SVI Chairman H.R. Shepherd, was a George B. Moore, first vice “This year’s award recipients are 2005 Sabin Humanitarian Award recipient at the annual SVI president at Merrill Lynch; unique in their innovative spirit and com- benefit event. Continued on page 6 passionate dedication of corporate and personal resources to help protect the 7th SVI Colloquium on Cancer and Immunotherapy I nside Leading Cancer Researchers Strategize Cancer Fight Using Vaccines Cancer Vaccine Colloquium ...... 1,4 Thirty-five leading cancer vaccine tially generate new insights in using President’s Message...... 2 researchers met to consider medical vaccine technologies to treat cancer in Childhood Immunization Rates progress in treating cancer with vaccines its many forms. Surpass Goal ...... 3 during a three-day meeting convened this The biomedical research departments HHVI Receives Gates Funds ...... 5 past June by the Sabin Vaccine Institute at several of the nation’s leading uni- SVI Annual Awards...... 1, 6-7 (SVI). The seventh annual SVI Collo- versities and international institutions HHS/CDC Briefs Press on Vaccine quium on Cancer Vaccines and Immu- were represented among the partici- Safety ...... 8 notherapy took place at the Cold Spring pants, as were pharmaceutical compa- Summer Intern at SVI ...... 9 Harbor Laboratory’s Genome Research nies, nongovernmental organizations, Viral Hepatitis Meeting ...... 11 Center on Long Island, New York, pro- members of biological research insti- Vaccine Congress Speakers ...... 12 viding the researchers with the opportu- and more ...... nity to report their progress and poten- Continued on page 4 2 SUMMER 2005 SABIN VACCINE REPORT

The Sabin Vaccine Report A Remarkable Success Story: The Impact of the Hib and is published by the Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute Other Vaccines on Our Children and Our Society Subscriptions are free, but tax deduct- Message from SVI President, Dean D. Mason ible contributions are appreciated to support the SVI’s many programs. In the ongoing effort to protect infants and children against vaccine preventable Please direct inquiries to: diseases, one of the great success stories of recent years has been the introduction SABIN VACCINE REPORT and widespread use of the Haemophilus influenzae type b or Hib vaccine. 161 Cherry Street Routinely used in the United States since 1990, the Hib conjugate vaccine is New Canaan, CT 06840-4818 produced as a single antigen or combination vaccine by three manufacturers: phone: 203.972.7907/fax: 203.966.4763 Merck, Sanofi Pasteur, and Wyeth Vaccines (while the national supply has been www.sabin.org sufficient, Wyeth has experienced prolonged shortages of this vaccine). email: [email protected] Before the conjugated vaccine was widely available, Hib disease was the leading Dean D. Mason EDITOR COPY EDITOR cause of bacterial meningitis among children younger than five years of age. Raymond MacDougall David Bedell Spread as an airborne infection, through secretions or close contact, Hib can cause a wide variety of OFFICERS OF THE SVI BOARD OF TRUSTEES serious and potentially fatal illnesses ranging from pneumonia to brain infection. H. R. Shepherd, DSc, Chairman William R. Berkley, Co-Chairman Here are some startling Hib disease statistics for U.S. children less than five years old from the pre-vaccine Michael E. Whitham, Esq., Secretary/ era of 1980-89: Treasurer • Hib accounted for approximately 45% of the bacterial meningitis cases SVI STAFF • An average of 20,000 Hib cases were reported annually Dean D. Mason, President/CEO • Approximately 1 in 200 children developed invasive Hib disease before age five with 67% of those Fran G. Sonkin, Executive Vice President becoming infected before 18 months of age Ciro de Quadros, MD, MPH, Director, • On average about 1,000 deaths were attributed to Hib each year (3% to 6% case fatality rate) International Programs • On average about 4000 survivors suffered permanent disabilities each year Raymond MacDougall, Director of Communications Robert Allen, MD, Health and Science Compare now to the data since the Hib vaccine has been widely used for about 15 years: Director • The average incidence rate is only about 1.3 cases per 100,000 children or approximately 260 David Bedell, Director, Educational diagnosed cases per year Programs • Approximately 10 to 14 fatal cases are now reported annually Kari Stoever, CCRP, Program Manager, • Permanent sequelae from Hib have been reduced to about 40 to 60 children annually Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative Noor Seddiq, Grants and Contracts On a global scale, the WHO estimates that Hib annually causes 3 million cases of serious disease and Manager, HHVI between 400,000 and 700,000 deaths, mostly in children under 5 years-of-age. Though safe and effective Ami Shah-Brown, PhD, MPH Quality and costing between $8 and $23 per dose in the United States, the Hib vaccine is routinely used only in Assurance & Regulatory Manager, about 34 countries. The challenge is to evaluate the incidence and impact of this disease in developing HHVI countries and to match country-specific needs with adequate financing and reasonable vaccine costs. Jean Mitchell, Development Officer Bruce Baiter, Assistant to the Chairman Invasive Hib disease is on the brink of elimination in the United States. Similar to measles, and Karen Bodick, Assistant to the President several other infectious diseases preventable through vaccination, few physicians who have graduated Vanessa Santiago, Assistant to the medical school in the past 10 years have seen, much less diagnosed, a child infected with Hib. Executive Vice President Ana Carvalho, Assistant to the Director, Though our focus for this article is on the positive impact of Hib vaccine, it should be noted that other International Programs vaccines, only added in the past few years to the U.S immunization schedule, have also greatly contributed Christel Lane, Receptionist/Staff Assistant to the health and well being of our children and citizenry. These vaccines include the pneumococcal Jean-Serge Valcourt, Accounting conjugate, hepatitis A and B and varicella (chickenpox) vaccines. SVI ADVISORS Philip K. Russell, MD, Senior Advisor to It serves us well to be reminded of the great benefit that vaccines bring to individuals, to families and to our the Chairman society as a whole. Peter J. Hotez, MD, PhD, Senior Fellow & Chair, Scientific Advisory Council Sincerely, Anne Gershon, MD, Co-chair, Scientific Advisory Council Hugh E. Evans, MD, Sabin Fellow William Muraskin, PhD, Sabin Fellow Patricia Thomas, Sabin Fellow Nancy Gardner Hargrave, Development Dean D. Mason, President and CEO Counsel dedicated to disease prevention www.sabin.org 3

Childhood Immunization Rates Surpass Healthy People 2010 Goal Recent Vaccine Shortages Did Not Have a Long-term Effect on Immunization Rates

The Centers for Disease Control and mendous progress we’ve made in pre- The overall results indicated that vac- Prevention (CDC) announced in July venting what were once common child- cination rates for the fourth dose of that the nation’s childhood immunization hood diseases. Most importantly, these DTaP vaccine, at 85.5 percent cover- coverage rates continue at record high results show that parents have high lev- age, continued to lag behind other vac- levels, with about 81 percent of the els of confidence in our vaccination rec- cines in the 4:3:1:3:3 series. As a result, nation’s 19-to-35-month-old children re- ommendations. It’s encouraging to see the coverage estimates for the overall ceiving all the vaccinations in the rec- that parents recognize the importance series is reduced. ommended series. This is the first time of protecting their children against dis- The high immunization rates are also coverage for the base line series of vac- eases that while relatively uncommon, an indication that temporary shortages cines has exceeded 80 percent, which can cause serious harm.” of some of the routinely recommended also represents the Healthy People The 2004 National Immunization Sur- childhood vaccines primarily affected 2010 goal. Healthy People establishes vey also found significant increases in when, rather than whether, children goals to improve the nation’s health – the percentage of young children receiv- were vaccinated. For example, some of increasing immunization coverage is ing chickenpox and the childhood pneu- the older children included in the 2004 one of its goals. mococcal vaccine, two relatively recent NIS survey would have been eligible to In 2004, coverage for the base line additions to the childhood immunization receive DTaP during a March 2001- “4:3:1:3:3 series,” which includes four schedule. The vaccines, because they June 2002 shortage; however, DTaP cov- doses of Diphtheria, Tetanus and Per- were added in the past five years, are erage remained comparable to 2003. tussis (DTaP), three or more doses of not yet included in the overall series. In 2004, as in previous years, there polio vaccine, one or more doses of National coverage with chickenpox (va- was substantial variation in coverage measles-containing vaccine, three or ricella) vaccine increased to 87.5 per- levels among states and among cities. more doses of Hib vaccine which can cent in 2004 from 84.8 percent in 2003. Estimated coverage with the 4:3:1:3:3 prevent meningitis and pneumonia, and Coverage for three or more doses of series ranged from 89.1% in Massachu- three doses of , in- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine setts to 68.4% in Nevada. The range in creased to 80.9 percent, compared to (PCV7) increased to 73.2 percent in coverage among the 28 urban areas was 79.4 percent in 2003, 74.8 percent in 2004 from 68.1 percent in 2003. Cover- similar as among the states. Among the 2002, 73.7 percent in 2001 and 72.8 per- age for doses of PCV7 increased to 43.4 28 urban areas, the highest estimated cent in 2000. “These results are terrific percent compared with 35.8 percent in coverage for the 4:3:1:3:3 series was news,” said Dr. Julie Gerberding, direc- 2003, the first year coverage was mea- 89.7% for Davidson County, Tennessee, tor of the CDC. “They illustrate the tre- sured for the fourth dose. and the lowest was 64.8% in El Paso County, Texas. “We’re very pleased with the overall findings, but the survey also shows there are places where we have work to do,” said Dr. Stephen L. Cochi, acting Di- rector of CDC’s National Immunization Program. “We want all children to be well protected from vaccine preventable diseases. If we want to prevent the re- 68 turn of diseases that are currently rare in the United States, we must maintain our high immunization rates, and work to ensure those rates are high in all states and communities.” The survey findings were reported at a news conference sponsored by The National Partnership for Immunization (NPI) to kick off August as National Im- munization Awareness Month. 4 SUMMER 2005 SABIN VACCINE REPORT

Cancer Vaccine and Immunotherapy Colloquium Cancer Vaccine Researchers from Leading Institutes and Universities Convene for Annual Meeting

averting its full impact. Cancer vaccines new and revolutionary in that the rea- from page 1 tutes and government research labora- seek to boost the immune system and son the body does not automatically at- tories. This year’s colloquium was co- are used after disease onset; therefore, tack a tumor is that the tumor is com- chaired by Hyam Levitsky, MD, profes- they currently remain therapeutic rather posed of the exact same materials as sor of oncology, medicine, urology and than preventive and are often referred the body. Therefore for the body to at- immunology at Johns Hopkins Univer- to as “immunotherapies” rather than tack cancer would mean that the body sity, and Stephen Schoenberger, PhD, vaccines. Their goal is to produce would have to attack itself. This pro- associate member in the Division of strong anti-tumor immunity in order to cess of the body attacking itself does Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute combat cancer cells, shrinking or not ordinarily happen in a healthy per- for Allergy and Immunology. delaying growth of tumors and initiating son.” He explained that scientists are “Our goal was to bring together some periods of remission and improved now able to take certain minuscule of the best minds in the basic and clinical quality of life, while avoiding the pieces of the tumor to a research lab, sciences from both academia and traumatic side-effects associated with modify it, and place it back into the body industry, all focusing on the problems and surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy to coax the body to fight the tumor. opportunities in developing cancer Presentations at the meeting consid- SVI Chairman H.R. Shepherd con- immunotherapies,” Levitsky said. He is ered such topics as the biological barri- vened the first Cancer Vaccine Collo- a proponent of the meeting format, which ers to the induction of effective anti-tu- quium in 1999 and has since launched is unlike many large professional or mor immunity, immunologic features of a consortium of commercial biotechnol- scientific conferences. “In this intimate the tumor microenvironment, and a re- ogy companies all intrigued by the pos- setting, everybody contributes, and port on the status of cancer vaccine clini- sibilities of vaccines being used to treat everybody learns. The meeting has cal trials. Advances in the development cancer. The first cancer vaccines are really become a benchmark in the field.” of therapies were reported by re- treating patients in various studies now Levitsky is among the leading myeloma, searchers from Sanofi Pasteur, Argos underway and the hope is that doctors leukemia, and lymphoma cancer Therapeutics, Dendreon, Medarex, will soon be able to recommend vac- researchers internationally. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer cines as cancer treatments. “The Sabin A keynote address by Antonio Center, and USC/Norris Comprehen- Vaccine Institute has taken a leading Lanzavecchia, director of the Institute sive Cancer Center. role in cancer vaccines,” Shepherd for Research in Biomedicine in Robert Allen, MD, special advisor to said. “The potential for cancer cures Bellinzona, Switzerland, opened the the SVI chairman, participated in the with vaccines is as great as has been meeting and explored vaccination and meeting and is excited about the topic the success of vaccines in preventing immunological memory. Traditional and medical possibilities. “What most infectious diseases. We don’t want to pediatric vaccines—like those for polio people are not aware of is that vaccines let time go by when treatments are and measles—provide protective are now being developed to treat cer- waiting to be discovered and made immunity before the disease occurs, tain cancers. This form of treatment is available to the public.”

7th Annual Cancer Vaccine Colloquium Participants dedicated to disease prevention www.sabin.org 5

Sabin Vaccine Institute Receives $21.8 Million Grant to Advance Anti-Hookworm Vaccine Gates Foundation Support Furthers Effort to Prevent Disease Afflicting 740 Million of the “Poorest of the Poor”

The Sabin Vaccine Institute an- and where the vaccine was developed commitment to achieving equity in glo- nounced on June 8 its receipt of a grant by Peter Hotez, MD, PhD, professor and bal health, particularly among the poor- of $21.8 million from the Bill & Melinda chair, Department of Microbiology and est of the poor.” said H.R. Shepherd, Gates Foundation. This grant—one of Tropical Medicine (MTM), and his team. chairman of the Sabin Vaccine Insti- the largest awards ever in helminth in- HHVI research is also being conducted tute. “Without the Gates Foundation’s fection research—will be used to ad- at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation support, we simply would not have the vance SVI’s Human Hookworm Vac- (FIOCRUZ) and the Butantan Institute resources to develop a human hook- cine Initiative (HHVI). Phase I safety in Brazil, the London School of Hygiene worm vaccine.” trials of the human hookworm vaccine and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) in the According to HHVI Chief Scientist, have started in the United States. United Kingdom and the Queensland Dr. Peter Hotez, hookworm is a largely Funding from the Gates Foundation Institute of Medical Research in Aus- neglected disease because it is most will be used to ascertain the vaccine’s tralia. Also participating in the announce- prevalent among the world’s poorest efficacy and safety in endemic areas ment were Kari Stoever, CCRP, program individuals. “Hookworm disease is con- of Brazil, and to support the manufac- manager, SVI/HHVI; Rodrigo Correa de centrated among the 2.7 billion people turing and quality control process and Oliveira, PhD, senior staff scientist, Rene who live on less than $2 a day,” said eventual industrial scale production of Rachou Research Center, FIOCRUZ; Hotez. “So while hookworm’s impact is the vaccine in Brazil. Michael Katz, MD, March of Dimes huge—three-quarters of a billion The announcement was made by Birth Defects Foundation; Simon people—the low socioeconomic status Philip K. Russell, MD, HHVI executive Brooker, MA, DPhil, LSHTM; Maria of these victims translates into a poten- board chair. “The Bill & Melinda Gates Elena Bottazzi, PhD, associate research tial commercial market that is small.” Foundation has again provided a chance professor, GW-MTM; Jeffrey Bethony, The impact of hookworm disease is for this important research to advance. PhD, Visiting NIH Fogarty Fellow, as- of even greater significance when mea- We are very grateful that these funds sistant professor, GW-MTM; and Ciro sured in disability-adjusted life years. will be available to move this vaccine A. de Quadros, MD, MPH, director of In fact, studies have shown that the along the development path to obtain International Programs, SVI. global disease burden from hookworm proof of its effectiveness,” he said. Human hookworm infection is caused exceeds all other major tropical infec- On hand from the Gates Foundation by parasitic worms that infiltrate the body tious diseases, with the exception of was A. David Brandling-Bennett, MD, in the larval stage by burrowing into the malaria, leishmaniasis and lymphatic senior program officer, Infectious Dis- skin of the hands, arms, legs or feet, or filariasis. “Hookworm’s association eases, for the Global Health Program. through oral ingestion. Ultimately, the with impaired learning, increased ab- “Hookworm is a classic example of a hookworms enter the gastrointestinal sences from school and decreased fu- disease that is largely unknown in tract, fastening onto the inner layers of ture economic productivity translates wealthy countries today, so little re- the small intestine. Using sharp, teeth- into long-term disability and increases search has been done on developing new like projections, they extract blood. One the likelihood that an afflicted popula- tools to control it,” he said. “The Hu- thousand hookworms can simultaneously tion will remain mired in poverty,” said man Hookworm Vaccine Initiative is a drain almost a cup of blood per day from Hotez. “Therefore, if we succeed in unique partnership among a nonprofit an individual’s circulation. Current esti- preventing hookworm and other ne- organization, the Sabin Vaccine Institute; mates place the incidence of hookworm glected, chronic infections among the a top-tier research institution, George infection at 740 million cases, with the rural poor, we will create positive health Washington University; and a develop- highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Af- and economic outcomes.” ing country, Brazil. Hookworm is an rica and eastern Asia, in addition to In addition to support from the Gates example of a disease for which a rela- southern China, the Indian subcontinent Foundation, HHVI received past fund- tively modest investment in research and and the Americas. ing from the National Institutes of development could and we expect will The Gates Foundation’s grant award Health, the March of Dimes and the affect tens of millions of lives.” continues a partnership with SVI on China Medical Board of New York. For The announcement was made from hookworm disease prevention that be- access to the audio content or a tran- The George Washington University gan in 2000 when it awarded an initial script of the press announcement made (GW) Medical Center in Washington, grant of $18 million to HHVI. “The Gates on June 8, or for more information about D.C., a principal research site for HHVI Foundation again has demonstrated its the HHVI, visit www.sabin.org. 6 SUMMER 2005 SABIN VACCINE REPORT

Ciro de Quadros, MD, SVI director of Inter- CNN’s Larry King is at home in front of the microphone accepting the 2005 Sabin Humanitarian Award, which was national Programs, right, presents the 2005 presented by Georges St. Laurent, Jr., CEO, St. Laurent Properties. Sabin Award for Scientific Excellence to Suresh S. Jadhav, PhD, executive director for quality ception in 1988, and thanks to the dedi- stitute is the realization of his dream to assurance, Serum Institute of India Ltd. cation of scientists such as Hockmeyer, create a world-class vaccine manufac- Young and Top, MedImmune Continued from page 1 has invested more than $1 bil- Georges C. St. Laurent, Jr., principal lion to develop new preventa- of St. Laurent Properties; Adel tive therapies, including the first Celebrating Leaders Mahmoud, MD, PhD, president, Merck monoclonal antibody to prevent Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc.; and an infectious disease, the first Kevin L. Reilly, trustee of the Sabin innovation in 2005 Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute. The honorary ben- technology in more than 50 efit chair is H.R. Shepherd, DSc. years, and one of the first vac- Receiving the 2005 Albert B. Sabin cines that has the potential to Humanitarian Award were the scien- prevent cancer caused by human turing facility. Suresh Jadhav’s 34 years tific founders of MedImmune, Inc., in- papillomavirus. MedImmune’s medical of technical expertise in vaccine manu- cluding its Chairman, Founder and advancements have helped protect facturing, including pharmacology, stan- former Chief Executive Officer, hundreds of thousands of people, from dardization of biochemical methods, and Wayne T. Hockmeyer, PhD, who cur- the most fragile of infants, to school- validation of various production and aged children, to quality control processes earned for the vulnerable cancer Serum Institute accreditation from the patients. World Health Organization for nine of Serum Institute the company’s vaccines. of India Ltd., Larry King, host of Larry King Live headquartered in on CNN, received a 2005 Albert B. , India, Sabin Humanitarian Award. In addition emerged over the to his legendary broadcasting career, last 35 years to King founded the Larry King Cardiac become the larg- Foundation, which has raised millions H.R. and Carol Ruth Shepherd, SVI trustees, enjoy speeches from award recipi- est exporter of of dollars and provided life-saving car- ents during the evening’s program. vaccines from In- diac procedures for nearly 60 needy dia, with its prod- children and adults. rently serves as president of the ucts being used in 138 countries. Chair- Biographies of the 2005 Sabin company’s venture capital subsid- man Cyrus S. Poonawalla, PhD re- Award recipients follow: iary, MedImmune Ventures, Inc.; ceived the Humanitarian Award and Wayne T. Hockmeyer, PhD, founded James F. Young, PhD, the company’s Executive Director Suresh S. Jadhav, MedImmune, Inc. in April 1988, serving initially president of research and develop- PhD received the Award for Scientific as president and chief executive officer. He now serves as the chairman of the board of directors ment, and Franklin H. Top, Jr., MD, Excellence. Poonawalla is known as a MedImmune’s former executive vice and president of MedImmune Ventures, Inc. He supporter of multiple charitable causes earned his bachelor’s degree from Purdue Univer- president and medical director who now in his country and internationally. The sity and his PhD from the University of Florida in serves as a senior vice president of 2005 Sabin Global Corporate Philan- 1972. Hockmeyer served as a commissioned of- MedImmune Ventures and medical thropy Award was given to recognize ficer in the US Army from 1966 to 1986. From counsel to MedImmune. Since its in- the company’s efforts. The Serum In- 1980 to 1986 he was chairman of the Department dedicated to disease prevention www.sabin.org 7

Cyrus S. Poonawalla, PhD, is presented an individual award, the The three scientific founders of MedImmune are each presented with a Sabin Humanitarian Sabin Humanitarian Award, and accepts the 2005 Global Cor- Award. Presenting, at left, is Louis H. Miller, MD, co-chief, Malaria Development Branch, Na- porate Philanthropy Award for the Serum Institute of India Ltd. tional Institutes of Health. Recipients, from left, are MedImmune’s James F. Young, PhD, presi- The awards are presented by Seth Berkley, MD, President and dent , Research and Development, Wayne T. Hockmeyer, PhD, chairman, founder and former CEO of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. CEO, MedImmune, Inc. and president, MedImmune Ventures, Inc., and Franklin H. Top, Jr., MD, Senior Vice President, MedImmune Ventures, Inc.

search and development, at Suresh Jadhav, PhD, has served since 1992 MedImmune, Inc. Young joined as Executive Director of Serum Institute of India ship in Global Health MedImmune in 1989 as vice presi- Ltd., Pune, which he joined as a manager, quality dent, research and development. In control (QC) in 1979. He has been instrumental 1995, he was promoted to senior vice in the development and adoption of the latest QC president and in 1999 he was pro- techniques and in elevating the Institute to stan- n Vaccine Institute Awards moted to executive vice president, re- dards on par with Western manufacturing fa- search and development. Through- cilities. He played a vital role in securing ac- out this period, he supervised the pre- creditation from World Health Organization of Immunology at the Walter Reed Army Institute clinical development of the (WHO) for Serum Institute, helping to put the of Research. In 1986, Hockmeyer joined Praxis company’s flagship product, Synagis®, which is Serum Institute on the global map as a supplier Biologics as vice president of research and devel- the first monoclonal antibody approved for an to U.N. agencies. Dr. Jadhav’s 34 years of tech- opment and was there until founding MedImmune, infectious disease. Prior to MedImmune, Young nical expertise covers areas including biologicals Inc. in 1988. Prior to his business career, was instrumental in building the department of quality control and assurance and good manu- Hockmeyer was recognized internationally for his molecular genetics at Smith Kline & French Labo- facturing practice techniques, pharmacology, research on malaria vaccines. ratories. He was on the faculty of the department standardization of biochemical methods, inspec- of microbiology at Mount Sinai School of Medi- tions of laboratories, and pharmacological and Franklin H. Top, Jr., MD, identifies compa- cine in New York, NY. Young received his bachelor’s toxicological screening of various drugs, toxins nies that may be suitable for partnership and in- degrees in biology and general science from and venoms. Jadhav holds a MPharm from vestment opportunities. He also serves as medical Villanova University in Villanova, PA, and his doc- Nagpur University and a PhD from the Haffkine counsel to the clinical development group at torate in microbiology and immunology from Institute, Mumbai. MedImmune, Inc. Top joined MedImmune in June Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. 1988 as executive vice president and was elected Larry King, Host, Larry King Live. Celebrating to the board of directors where he served from Cyrus S. Poonawalla, PhD, is chairman of his 48th year in broadcasting in 2005, CNN’s Larry 1988 to 2003. He became the company’s medical the Serum Institute of India Ltd. (SIIL) and president King is the host of the network’s Larry King Live, director in 1990, and held that position until he of the Serum Institute of India Research Founda- the network’s highest-rated program. King has ac- was appointed senior vice president of tion, both based in Pune, India. He has for the past cumulated more than 40,000 interviews, includ- MedImmune Ventures in July 2004. Prior to join- 35 years developed SIIL as one of the world’s larg- ing every US president since the Ford administra- ing MedImmune, Top served as senior vice presi- est manufacturers of the measles, mumps, rubella tion. For more than four decades, King has consis- dent for clinical and regulatory affairs at Praxis (MMR) and diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus tently made headlines night after night with high- Biologics from 1987 to 1988. Prior to 1987, Top (DPT) vaccine groups. SIIL’s vaccines are now be- profile guests from Marlon Brando to Al Pacino, served for 22 years in the US Army Medical Re- ing used in more than 130 countries where they Eleanor Roosevelt to Nancy Reagan, Pete Rose to search and Development Command, where he was protect more than 50% of the world’s newborn Michael Jordan, and such American icons as Bobby appointed director, Walter Reed Army Institute of children. He received a PhD from the University of Kennedy, Dr. Martin Luther King, and Malcolm X. Research, in 1983. Top holds a doctorate of medi- Pune in 1988. With a highly competent team of King has been inducted into five of the nation’s cine cum laude and a bachelor of science degree scientists, he obtained accreditation from the World leading broadcasting halls of fame and also has in biochemistry from Yale University. Health Organization currently for nine vaccines. won a News and Documentary Emmy Award for Out- Poonawalla is member of the Vaccine Production standing Interview/Interviewer. In addition to his James F. Young, PhD, has over more than 30 Board of the Indian Ministry of Health, and patron broadcast credits, King founded the Larry King Car- years of experience in the fields of molecular ge- of the Indian Academy of Vaccinology & diac Foundation, which has raised millions of dol- netics, microbiology, immunology, and pharma- Immunobiology. Poonawalla supports many insti- lars and provided life-saving cardiac procedures for ceutical development. In December 2000, Young tutions and individuals in India and abroad nearly 60 needy children and adults. was promoted to the position of president, re- through personal donations and charities. 8 SUMMER 2005 SABIN VACCINE REPORT

Gerberding, Hotez Uphold Strong Stance on Vaccine Safety at Special HHS News Briefing The Centers for Disease Control and “I know for certain that children to- Prevention (CDC), the National Insti- day live longer and healthier because of tutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and the vaccines they receive in childhood,” Drug Administration (FDA) briefed the she added. Before the childhood immu- press on vaccines and child health in nization program, 13,000 to 20,000 U.S. Washington, D.C. on July 19. Top health kids developed paralytic polio every officials and leaders of health care as- year. Before measles vaccines, almost sociations discussed the steps being everyone got measles when they were taken to ensure the safety and efficacy child, and about 450 died every year of vaccines, the issue of thimerosal in from measles. Before rubella vaccine, vaccines, and research taking place epidemics of rubella occurred with up across the government on autism. to 20,000 children born with congenital Drs. Julie Gerberding, director, CDC; rubella syndrome, 2,000 deaths and more Duane Alexander, director, National In- than 1,000 miscarriages. Peter Hotez, MD, PhD at HHS news briefing. stitute of Child Health Development, NIH; Murray M. Lumpkin, acting deputy commissioner for international and spe- SVI Welcomes New Staff Members cial programs, FDA; Eileen Ouellette, president-elect, American Academy of Robert J. Allen, MD joined the SVI staff School where she served as a primary mem- Pediatrics (AAP); Robert M. Wah, as health and science director, monitoring ber of the Clinical Vaccine Trials Consultants. member of the board of trustees, Ameri- research developments related to vaccines, In addition, she designed and implemented can Medical Association (AMA); and particularly in the cancer field. He holds a an international, multi-site study of knowledge, Peter Hotez, professor and chair of mi- bachelor of science degree from Johnson C. attitudes, and factors relating to willingness crobiology and tropical medicine, The Smith University and a medical degree from to participate in HIV vaccine trials among George Washington University and SVI Howard University. He was commissioned in populations at high risk for HIV infection. Scientific Advisory chair were on hand. the US Navy in 1974, where he completed his Other experience includes laboratory and Hotez related the profoundly difficult internship at the Navy Regional Medical Cen- community work on various HIV vaccine tri- circumstances that have accompanied ter in Portsmouth, Virginia. He completed a als, a fellowship with the Centers for Disease his daughter Rachel’s diagnosis of au- medical residency in diagnostic radiology at Control and Prevention’s National Centers for tism, but offered reassurance about im- Yale New Haven Hospital and for more than HIV, STD, and TB prevention to develop mea- munization. “One thing that we’re to- 20 years operated a primary care practice in sures for behavioral surveillance, and with tally confident about is that Rachel’s Stamford, Connecticut. In the Navy Reserves, the Emory Vaccines Center, where she de- autism had absolutely nothing to do with from which he retired as commander in 2001, signed the community education and recruit- the vaccines that she received. Even if he served at Naval Regional Medical Center ment plan for HIV vaccine trials. we could turn back the clock and do it in Portsmouth, Virginia, the National Navy Noor Seddiq joined the staff as grants all over again, I can honestly say that Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, the and contracts manager. Previously, he we would still give Rachel her full Submarine Medical Center in Groton, Con- worked as an accountant in private industry complement of pediatric vaccines.” necticut and the New York Naval Militia. and as grants and contracts management Gerberding based confidence in vac- Ami Shah Brown, PhD, MPH joined the specialist in educational institutions. He cines on the preponderance of evidence staff as quality assurance and regulatory af- managed grants and contract for the immu- that consistently does not reveal an as- fairs manager. She received her PhD in inter- nology department at Yale University School sociation between thimerosal and au- national health from the Johns Hopkins of Medicine, worked as an accounts analyst tism. “These studies have been looked Bloomberg School of Public Health. She has for the neuroscience department at at by some of the best and brightest sci- a master of public health degree from the Georgetown University School of Medicine, entists across the world and in the United Rollins School of Public Health of Emory and most recently worked for the States through our Institutes of Medi- University with a focus in behavioral sciences comptroller’s office at The George Washing- cine and the National Academy of Sci- and health education and bachelor’s degree ton University School of Medicine. Seddiq ences,” she said. “What it is we can say in biology from the University of Pennsylva- holds a master of business administration is the predominance of evidence does nia. Previously, she worked as a senior re- degree from Southern Connecticut State not associate a link, and we’ve certainly search program coordinator in the Center University and bachelor of science in ac- been looking hard to find such a link.” for Immunization Research at the Bloomberg counting from Teikyo Post University. dedicated to disease prevention www.sabin.org 9

Summer SVI Internship Expressions of Interest in Governor’s Island Use are Invited, SVI Ponders Public Health Education Uses

The following is an interview with Coleman Miller, an SVI summer intern. A junior at Tulane University, Coleman’s major is International Relations. Among his educational opportunities this summer at Sabin was updating the National Vaccine Requirements Guide on the SVI website, www.sabin.org. The Institute hosted three interns in all: Miller, Sofia Redford, and Maggie Kirkpatrick. In this interview with the Sabin Vaccine Report editor, Coleman discusses his Sabin internship experience. Q: What have been some of your re- sectors. This point of view is unique; I opening to see dur- sponsibilities during your internship at the am glad that I was given the opportu- ing that visit that they Sabin Vaccine Institute? nity to work with the Institute and to were open to a CM: One of my main jobs this summer have such an exceptional experience. broad range of Coleman Miller has been the annual update of our online ideas. Q: Was all your activity in the office? guide to Immunization Requirements for CM: Not at all. I scheduled a field trip Q: Overall, how would you describe School Entry. This project involved con- to interview the preservation and edu- your internship with Sabin? tacting the immunization coordinators of cation official for New York City’s CM: It has been a wonderful experi- all 50 states, confirming their state’s Governor’s Island redevelopment ence. Working with the staff has been immunization requirements, and updat- project. The public was invited to rec- enlightening and absolutely enjoyable. ing our list to reflect any changes that ommend uses for the island and I vis- Also, I have learned so much about im- had been made. The immunization re- ited the island in New York Harbor to munology and public health in general, quirements guide is the most frequented find out how the Sabin Vaccine Institute subjects with which I was only vaguely resource that we offer on our website, could make a recommendation regard- familiar before. This experience is some- so I know the changes I’ve made have ing the educational mission of the plan- thing that I’m sure will prove invaluable actually helped people. ners. It will be some time before they to me in the future, regardless of the path Q: What have you learned while con- announce their use plans, but it was eye that I choose. ducting this project? CM: What I have noticed most while documenting each state’s changing vac- cination requirements has been the in- Pertussis Vaccine Booster Recommended crease in requirements for the varicella, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Wants Tdap for Teens hepatitis B, and meningococcal vac- cines. At first, I thought that these were During its June 2005 meeting, the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immuniza- just coincidences, but as I continued to tion Practices (ACIP) recommended that adolescents 11 and 12 years of age see that trend emerging, I realized that receive a newly approved Tdap vaccine. it was because of the continued advo- Tdap includes vaccines for tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis. The vaccine cacy of organizations like the Sabin Vac- contains lesser quantities of diphtheria toxoid and pertussis proteins than the cine Institute that these vaccines have DTaP vaccine. The ACIP recommends that the Tdap vaccine replace the cur- been given higher priority. rent Td booster given to adolescents. The ACIP also recommended giving Q: What else have you had the oppor- Tdap to 13 to 18 year olds who missed their 11- to 12-year booster Td dose as tunity to work on? well as 11- to 18-year-olds who have already received Td. CM: Well, one of my more recent as- The number of reported cases of pertussis has been rising in the United States. signments has been to make sure that a More than 19,000 cases were reported in 2004; this represents a 40-year high. list of contacts that have to do with the Among adolescents, 10 to 19 years old, the number of cases have increased 10- prevention and mitigation of bioterrorism fold in the last decade. (especially as it pertains to preventable There are two new Tdap vaccines approved by the FDA: BOOSTRIX and diseases, such as smallpox and anthrax ADACEL. BOOSTRIX is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and infection) are up to date in our database. is licensed for use in adolescents 10 to 18 years old. ADACEL is manufactured While this would seem like a less-than- by Sanofi Pasteur and is licensed for use in people 11 to 64 years old. exciting job, it has given me a unique The ACIP did not recommend the Tdap booster for adults at the June 2005 insight into the broad distribution of ex- meeting; however, the committee will likely make that recommendation at the perts in this field, ranging from the gov- October 2005 meeting. ernment, military, academic, and private 10 SUMMER 2005 SABIN VACCINE REPORT

Sabin Vaccine Institute Co-chairs Provide Capable Leadership H.R. Shepherd, DSc, and William R. Berkley Team to Provide Ongoing Guidance for SVI Programs

The Sabin Vaccine Institute staff receive indispensable guid- man of many of the company subsidiaries, including Berkley ance on the direction of programs from a dynamic group of Dean & Company, an investment management company. trustee members. The Board of Trustees voluntarily offers During his career, Berkley has founded a number of public expertise from their diverse backgrounds to further the mis- and private companies which he continues to control or of sion that the Institute has embraced. Leadership on the board which he serves as chairman or a director. He also chairs is provided by its chairman, H.R. Shepherd, DSc, and co- or serves on the board of several banks and other finan- chairman, William R. Berkley. This article references the pin- cial institutions. nacle accomplishments of these two trustees. Berkley is a graduate of New York University and the H.R. Shepherd is a co-founder of the Institute, and under- Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He took his role as chair in 1993 following a 40-year career in the serves on the board of directors of Georgetown University; pharmaceutical industry. Shepherd began his career as a chem- as chairman of the board of overseers of the Stern School of ist at Bridgeport Brass after discharge from the United States Business at New York University; as vice Army following World War II. He was a founder and vice chairman of the board of trustees of New president in charge of research for Connecticut Chemical Re- York University, where he serves on the search Corporation. He went on to found Armstrong Phar- executive and finance committees; and as maceuticals, then called Aerosol Tech- co-chairman of the Albert B. Sabin Vac- niques, Inc., in 1955 and spearheaded cine Institute, Inc. funding for the nation’s first research Berkley has received many awards for laboratory dedicated to aerosol pharma- his business, civic and philanthropic ac- ceuticals at Columbia University’s Col- tivities, including, most recently, an honor- W.R. Berkley lege of Pharmacy. Under his leadership, ary doctor of law degree from Mercy Col- Armstrong Pharmaceuticals went from lege. In 1999, he was awarded the Medallion for Entrepre- a third party manufacturer to a full- H.R. Shepherd neurship by Beta Gamma Sigma, which honors outstanding fledged pharmaceutical drug delivery individuals who combine innovative business achievements company which was acquired by Medeva PLC. with service to humanity. A world-recognized expert on aerosol medications, he holds The activity of the Sabin Board of Trustees requires an several patents on aerosol products and spearheaded the de- investment of time and energy that is a showcase for the velopment of the metered dose inhaler. He is the author of dedicated approach of both Shepherd and Berkley. They take Aerosols: Science and Technology, the first definitive text the mission of the Sabin Vaccine Institute to a level unique on the potential of aerosol medications. to the world of philanthropy. Their guidance is critical to Mr. Shepherd received his Bachelor of Science degree from the Institute’s achievement of its mission to save lives by Cornell University in 1943. In 1973 he received an Honorary advancing new vaccine development and increasing glo- Doctorate of Humane Letters from Villanova University for bal immunization. his contributions in exploring the frontier of technology and for his creation of Aerosol Techniques, Inc. In 2001, he received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from The George Washington University for his efforts in the treat- ment of asthma as well as in the field of immunology. Shep- herd is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Presidents’ Circle and currently heads its Library Outreach Program. He has been appointed Adjunct Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine at The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington, D.C. Berkley founded the W. R. Berkley Corporation, a For- tune 500 property-casualty insurance holding company with assets of over $10 billion and annual revenues of over $4 billion, in 1967 and has served continuously as chairman of Exchanging a congratulatory greeting are, from left, Suresh Jadhav, 2005 Scientific the board and the company’s CEO. In addition, he is chair- Excellence Award recipient, H.R. Shepherd, SVI chairman, and W.R. Berkley, SVI co-chairman. dedicated to disease prevention www.sabin.org 11

Two New SVI Board Members April Roundtable Seeks Strategy to Fight Viral Hepatitis Elected During June Meeting The National Viral Hepatitis Roundtable that there are effective vaccines available for hepa- (NVHR) held its national meeting in Washing- titis A and hepatitis B. Unfortunately, there is no The SVI Board of Trustees met in June ton, D.C. in April. SVI Executive Vice President program available for uninsured or underinsured and elected two members to join them Fran Sonkin served as workgroup facilitator for adults to receive these vaccines. “Clearly the time in the advisory function for the Institute. five breakout sessions during the meeting. The has come for the federal government to take a Ciro de Quadros, MD, MPH, who has group is an alliance of 120 organizations repre- stand against these as was done 50 years directed SVI International Programs for senting the needs of those at risk for viral hepati- ago when the effort to eliminate polio was the past two years, was among the newly tis as well as those with viral hepatitis—hepatitis launched,” said Wexler. A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. The goal of elected. Before joining the SVI he was NVHR is to eliminate hepatitis in the United director of the Division of Vaccines and States. Immunization of the Pan American Health According to NVHR chair, Dr. Deborah Organization in Washington, DC. He pio- Wexler, Congress should act immediately to ad- neered development of dress prevention, treatment and research needs surveillance and con- associated with these viral infections. More than tainment strategies for 160,000 new infections (hepatitis A, B and C) smallpox eradication occur each year, over 5 million Americans are and directed success- chronically infected and 13,000 to 15,000 ful polio and measles deaths are attributed to hepatitis B and hepati- tis C each year. Additionally, hepatitis C is the eradication efforts for leading cause of liver transplants, and hepatitis the Western Hemi- Ciro de Quadros B and hepatitis C are leading causes of liver sphere. cancer. Dr. Wexler says that most people don’t Fran Sonkin, SVI Executive Vice President (front, Adan Rios, MD, also was named to know the difference between hepatitis A, hepa- second from left), was a workgroup facilitator the Board. He has worked for many titis B and hepatitis C, and most are unaware during the National Viral Hepatitis Roundtable. years with MD Anderson Cancer Cen- ter, most recently as head of medical on- SVI Trustee Miller Receives Precept of Hippocrates Award cology and director of academic affairs at the Institute for Immunological Dis- Lewis A. Miller, principal of WentzMiller & Associates, a consulting firm spe- orders. He founded the first Conference cializing in global continuing medical education (CME), received the Precepts of on AIDS in America, and guided this an- Hippocrates Award June 20. The award recognized his international achievements nual meeting into one of the premier fo- in CME and was presented at the Meeting of the Global Alliance for Medical rums for international Education (GAME), a conference with attendees from 14 countries. experts to exchange In presenting the award, Mark Evans, president of GAME and director of information; and de- healthcare education at the American Medical Association (AMA), said, “Through veloped an interna- his vision and commitment, the international community has been strengthened, tional conference healers educated and patients’ lives improved.” Miller’s accomplishments in the which led to an field include the founding not only of GAME but also the Alliance for CME for agreement between North American CME professionals. He started medical publishing and education Adan Rios The George Wash- companies in the U.S., Europe, Latin America and Australia and worked closely ington University and with medical societies and pharmaceutical company sponsors around the world. the Republic of Panama for the creation He and his WentzMiller partner, Dennis K. Wentz, MD, former head of CME at of an International Center for Studies and the AMA, are currently working on development of a worldwide program to im- Investigation of Tropical Medicine for prove healthcare through education of generalist doctors. Panama, Central America and the Carib- Miller holds degrees from Princeton and Columbia Universi- bean Region. In 2001 he was appointed ties. He is chairman of the board of Intermedica, Inc., an inter- Panama’s Ambassador at Large of Health national medical education company; corporate editorial direc- Promotions in the United States. Dr. Rios tor of Dowden Health Media, a healthcare publishing and edu- earned his medical degree from the Uni- cation company; a trustee of the Albert Sabin Vaccine Insti- versity of Panama. tute; director of the National Commission for Certification of Another governance modification des- CME Professionals, and a member of the Connecticut Em- ignated SVI President Dean D. Mason ployment and Training Commission. He lives in Darien, Con- as a non-voting Board member. Lewis A. Miller necticut and New York City. 12 SUMMER 2005 SABIN VACCINE REPORT

Lance Gordon and SABIN October 5 - 7 New York, New York CALENDAR Cancer Immunotherapy Symposium 2005 Ciro de Quadros Lend www.cancerresearch.org Expertise at Montreal’s AUGUST-DECEMBER 2005 October 19 - 21 Cold Spring Harbor, NY August 2005 12th Annual Sabin Vaccine Colloquium World Vaccine Congress National Immunization Awareness Month www.sabin.org/programs_cold_spring.htm www.partnersforimmunization.org/niam.html October 26 - 27 Atlanta, Georgia Ciro de Quadros, director of interna- September 2005 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices tional programs, SVI, addressed the September 5 - 7 Lisbon, Portugal Meeting World Vaccine Congress in Montreal, CVADD 2005 - Cancer Vaccines/Adjuvants/ www.cdc.gov/nip/ACIP/dates.htm Canada in April regarding the health Delivery for the Next Decade October 27 - 30 Madrid, Spain economics of universal rotavirus vacci- www.meetingsmanagement.com/cvadd_2005 Viral Vaccine Meeting 2005 nation in Latin America and the Carib- September 6 - 9 Montreal, Quebec, Canada www.themacraegroup.com bean. The report featured health and AIDS Vaccine 2005 November 2005 economic data from a paper by Rick www.aidsvaccine05.org November 5 - 9 New Orleans, Louisiana Rheingans, Dagna Constenla and Lynn American Public Health Association (APHA) Eibensteiner of the Department of In- September 8 - 10 Berlin, Germany New Approaches to Vaccine Development: From 133rd Annual Meeting Exposition ternational Health, Rollins School of the Bench to the Field www.apha.org/meetings Public Health Emory University. The www.vaccine-berlin2005.org November 7 New York, New York conclusions de Quadros presented were September 14 - 15 Rockville, Maryland Sabin Colloquium on Varicella Vaccine: that rotavirus gastroenteritis results in A Decade of Prevention and the Way Forward significant burden in Latin America and Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp/accv.htm www.sabin.org/varicella.htm vaccination can effectively reduce the disease burden and healthcare costs of September 15 - 18 Oxford, UK November 10 Alexandria, Virginia Cancer Vaccine Clinical Trials Workshop rotavirus. RSV 2005 Symposium www.themacraegroup.com www.isbtc.org/meetings/am05/ Dr. de Quadros also participated in a workshopoverview.html panel session regarding incentivising the September 25 - October 1 Nationwide vaccine industry to produce vaccines for November 10 - 13 Alexandria, Virginia National Adult Immunization Awareness Week malaria, HIV and TB. That panel fea- International Society for Biological Therapy of www.cdc.gov/nip/events/naiaw Cancer 20th Annual Meeting tured, among others, David Heymann, www.isbtc.org executive director, Communicable Dis- September 27 - 28 Washington, DC eases, World Health Organization. It National Vaccine Advisory Committee Meeting November 13 - 14 Alexandria, Virginia considered the health economics of vac- www.hhs.gov/nvpo/nvac Meeting of the Cancer Vaccine Consortium www.sabin.org/cv_consortium.htm cination and pressure on vaccine pric- October 2005 ing, addressing differential vaccine pric- October 3 - 6 Lyon, France December 2005 ing worldwide, and the need for more World Vaccine Congress 2005 December 12 - 13 Rockville, Maryland global public private partnerships . www.lifescienceworld.com/2005/wvcl%5Ffr Advisory Commission on Childhood Vaccines Lance Gordon, president and CEO, www.hrsa.gov/osp/vicp/accv.htm VaxGen, and SVI board member, also presented at the conference. He pro- vided a case study for the accelerated NON-PROFIT ORG. development of a recombinant anthrax U.S. POSTAGE PAID vaccine for civilian biodefense. His pre- MONTROSE, PA sentation provided practical insight from PERMIT NO. 2 a vaccine contractor’s perspective on 161 Cherry Street RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED assembling the components of an expe- New Canaan, CT 06840-4818 dited development program, from win- U.S.A. ning vaccine development contracts, to establishing large scale manufacturing to meet stockpile requirements, to ne- gotiating a BioShield supply contract.