Revista Brasiliense de Engenharia e Física Aplicada

fl oating artificial islands covering most of a deliberately M eteorological enlarged and robotized Salton Sea. A particular macroproject proposed , the Southwest Wat er Alliance Project (SWAP) , is M acro - I magineering : fashioned somewhat after NEOM, an announced ecopolis , but still structurally un specified robot megacity , scheduled to be A R e - pl umbed F reshwater S upply built in northern Saudi Arabia connected by a yet - to - be - constructed fixed sea - strait crossing linking Ta buk, S ystem for the U SA ’ s S outhwest? Saudi Arabia to Sharm el - Sheikh on the Sinai Peninsula of bordering Egypt . Richard Brook Cathcart Key words: Seawater d esalina tion, floating photovoltaic GEOGRAPHOS , Burbank, California, USA. platforms, arid Southwest USA and Mexico development, Macro - Imagineering, Macro - Engineering . Rece ived : _ 2 6 Nove m ber 2018 Ac cepted : _ 1 2 Dec ember 2018 Resumo : O macroprojeto proposto, abrangendo o árido Publi shed : _ 02 January 201 9 sudoeste dos EUA e norte do México, tem potencial para Abstrac t: The macroproject proposed, encompassing the arid mais do que pagar por si mesmo. Se um aumento Southwest of the USA and northern Mexic o , has the potential to volumétrico radical fosse conduzido por defensores more than pay for itself . I f a radical volumetric enlargement competentes da Macro - Imagineering , suplementado por were competently completed by correctly educated advocates of usinas de energia geot érmica , seria possível tornar Macro - Imagineerin g , supplemented by geothermal benigno um "monstro" aquático extremamente poluído power - plants, i t could make benign a n over - polluted aquatic — o atual e estagnado Mar de Salton — por meio de “ monster” — the present - day stagnant and putrid Salton Sea — importações induzidas de água salgada di l uente do Golfo through induced importation of diluting Gulf of California da Califórnia, resultando em um rápido aume nto de área saltwater resulting in rapid area l increase of the inanimate da "criatura" inanimada, resgatan do - a de seu estado atual “creature” , converting it from its presently degraded smelly degradado como uma extensão antropogênica do Golfo status to a n amply beneficial condition as an anthropogenic da Califórnia ! P or meio d a M acro e ngenharia é possível extension of Mexico’s Gulf of California ! F ormation by conduzir um desenvolv imento humano sustentável e Macro - Engineering means of a sustainable human development lucrativ o capaz de g arantir uma expressiva exportação de around and thereon can result in profitable voluminous á gua do mar dessalinizada do estado da Califórnia para desalinated sea water exportation from the Stat e of California to o s adjacente s Arizona, Nevada e Utah , além do México adjacent Arizona, Nevada and nearby Utah as well as Mexico na fronteira com o sudoeste dos EU A. A principal bordering the USA ’s Southwest . The key infrastructure infra estrutura que permite esse desenvolvimento é uma permitting these developments is a centralized multi - segment fábrica centralizada para dessalinização multi ssegmento photovoltaic - powered desalination factory resting atop named baseada em energia fotovoltaica , forma da por ilhas Introduction  artificiais flutuantes que cobr iriam a maior parte do Mar de Salton em um sistema ampliado e robotizado. Em Corresponding Author: Richard Brook Cathcart, GEOGRAPHOS , [email protected] .

C ALIBRE – Revista Brasiliense de Engenharia e Física Aplicada, ISSN 2526 - 4192. Livre direit o de cópia de acordo com os princípios estabelecidos pela Creative Commons .

Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada 21 particular, u m macroprojeto semelhante proposto é o Geographos excludes discussion of all navig ational Southwest Water Alliance Project (S WAP) — criado um aspects of a previously proposed twin canal and pouco depois d o NEOM — , uma ec ó polis anunciada, megaports macroproject plan — the Salton Sea PLUS megacidade robótica estruturalmente ainda não — other than to present an exemplary ultra - case of especificada, programada para ser construída no norte da photovoltaic - desalination SWAP trade s ! In other Arábia Saudita, conectada por uma passagem estreit a words , here we do not account for the requirements of ligando Tabu k , na Arábia Saudita , a Sharm el - Sheikh, na m ultiple seaports and their marked navigational Península do Sinai ( fronteira com o Egito ) . channels for very large ships .

Palavras - chave : Dessalinização da água do mar, A n English - language antonymic neologism for a plataformas fotovoltaicas f lutuantes, desenvolvimento d o newly - described aspiration al social group , or sudoeste dos EUA e do México, Macro e ngenharia . recogniz able community , avivocracy ’s f an s oppose

blind ideology and any demonstrably wasteful implementation of unadulterated T echnocracy, which 1 . Introduction is both an identifier as well as a popular social The trash - cluttered , chemically contaminated and movement first fostered during AD 1919 by ugly defective “ m onster” of 20 th Century Californ ian engineer William Henry Smyth that is today’s infective Salton Sea puree is not a n ( 1855 - 1940). First i magined as new terminology by apprehension prevalence - induced concept [1] but Marc Hudson w orking at the Sustainable Consumption rather a widely - recognized, real - world degraded Institute , University of Manchester in the UK , carefully environmental quality mac ro - problem actually he s ought to impose the term avivocracy on all adversely affecting directly the citizens of northern R egion - reforming m acro - planner s as a cautionary Mexico and th e USA simultaneously [2]. What air bridle because , Hudson says , “ It means those tasked pollution was to the State of California’s infamous with imaginin g how we will cope, as a species, cannot smog - town , the City of Los Angeles during the 1950s, hide [anymore] behind soothing stories of toxic lakebed dust emissions is to today’s inland technological (and technocratic) salvation” [3]. Imperial Valley. This article is not just a nother spoofy Obviously, the newly - minted term well applies to this Salton Se a redevelopment manifesto ; instead, it will outrageous everyday technological - geographical State merely outline in sufficient geographical detail several of California tai nted desert “monster”, today’s new macro - planning means to indisputably suplant all occasionally putrid non - cyborg Salton Sea! Advocates of the past dis astrous so - called State of California and silent followers of avivocracy prudently attempt to “desert development” schemes, possibly to achieve a n train and constrain the most outrageously hubristic attractive and lasting 21 st Century Salton Trough proponents of Macro - Imagineering to be humbler and infrastructural development status realized via SWAP, more forthrig ht about the data and informational limits the Southwest Water Alliance Project . In other words, to what they know for certain as accepted truth to clos e - out S outhern California’s never - ending (sometimes referred to as “prediction”) , what is costly - to - taxpayers cascade s of unsafe curativ e indisputably uncerta in , as well as what they may Macro - Imagineering fantasies with conversion of the personally deliver to the world - public in the form of Salton Trough into a real - world public - appreciated totalizing re gional and global macro - plans and asset , the region’s ultimate landscape perfection done [ 4 ] . I t is possible, i n other words, for with prop er Macro - Imagineering! In this report , Team cosmopolitan Macro - Imagineering persons , studied

22 Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada intentional special - int erest groups to create desirable still grudgingly promoted, often by densely jargonized , 21 st Century eucatastrophes , a word coined in 1944 by obfusca ting, circumscription - style pseudo - scientific famed sto ry - teller J.R.R Tolkien (1892 - 1973) [5] ! Viva reports authored by innumerable researchers with Happy Endings ! various educational and employment qualifications — many are mere Californian politicians first trained as Today’s Salton Sea is an artificial , increasingly salty lawyers and realtors [8 - 10 ]. And, it is generally alle ged terminal lake sitting in a 6.3 - million - year - old that extensive solar - power panel arrays sited above rift - valley, a sometimes - deadly feature of a simultaneously cultivated fertile soils underneath trough - shaped Earth - crust rip still being tor n asunder ( so - called agri - voltaism) may have an as yet unknown by Nature. A maximum area 1,100 km 2 Salton Sea was effect on post - installation precipitation distribution ; emplaced during 1904 - 1907 AD in the dryland Trough two Salton Sea PLUS - proposed canals from the Gulf of at minus ~60 m below global sea - level as a re sult of an California conveying seawater north to enlarge and extra - ordinary sequence of environmental maintain the Salton Sea by water - mass compen sation event - processes involving the intentional comme rcial could reduce slightly the Region’s surrounding diversion of Colorado River freshwater for irrigation adjacent landscape air temperature, increasing annual farming . Unlike it s many historical natural precipitation a s well as the year - round vegetation predecessors, the existing unnatural Salton Sea has density because of moist ure - laden winds arriving from b een sustained since those early days mainly by the Gulf of California following the canal routes as contaminated drainage from it s surrounding happened in the after the had intensive ly irrigated fertile landscape. Nowadays, it is been dug by AD 1869 . ( To access the “California basically a briny sump presently subject to total Climate Tracker tool, please visit: evaporation under some often vaguely futuristic https://wrcc.dri.edu/Climate/Tracker/CA/ ) . Hurricane Odile climate reg ime change scenarios that usually entail interrupted the energy and freshwater supply systems postulated presence , in future , of a much drier climate for several days during September 2014 in the State of re gime affecting the USA’s Southwest and northern Baja California Sur, Mexico ; assu ming future climate Mexico desert . One of the initial founders of the regime change, hurricanes could move still farther University of Southern California, Joseph Pomeroy north, making landfall so as to affec t the Colorado Widney (1 841 - 1938), as early as AD 1873, wastefully Delta and commercial shipping with in the sheltering proposed to deliberately divert the Colorado River into Gulf of California with slightly increased storminess ) . the USA’s below - sea level rift - valley territory with the goal of creating a big “…freshwater lake and to Following the accide ntal emplacement of the Salton ameliorate the region’s hot and dry climate” [6] ; a year Se a , by AD 1909 all commercial cargo shipping ceased after the Colorado River ceased to flow naturally into using the lower Colorado Riv er as an arterial Mexico because of the closure of severa l massive freshwater rivercraft traffic route after upstream dams constructed in the USA , maverick completion - by - closure of the Laguna Diversion Dam atmospheric scientist James Edward McDonald situated between the State of Cali fornia and the State of (1920 - 1971) had correctly pooh - poohed — proven Arizona. The troubled binational territor ial influence of fallaciou s as well as ridiculed — J.P. Widney’s and today’s wretched Salton Sea ex ists because of the past others’ regional air - modification concept, absence of international cooperation between Mexico evaporational rai n - making downwind from artificially and the USA: the American developer - builder of the pooled freshwater [7]. However, the overrated idea is unsound irrigati on canal head - gate at a locality within

Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada 23 the jurisdiction of Mexico which failed structurally passing through cooperating Mexico and Imperial under Spring floodw ater impact , allowing the full flow County, State of California, into a new of the Colorado River for several years to enter the internationalized and robotic landscape feature, the Salton Trough, sought exemption by geopolitical S alton Sea PLUS [1 4 ] — that is, a permanent evasion tactics from the few then existing legal anthropogenic seawater - flooding of the entire regulation s imposable by the State of California as well below - sea level part of the Salton Trough north of the as the USA’s national government, by only obtaining Gulf of California , including M exico’s below - sea - level building permits from Mexico’s national government. Laguna Salada . ( D aring G eoscience literature Today’s Salton Sea is a disappearing monument to past speculates that between 1000 - 1600 AD, when the disharmony amongst two ecosystem - nations; world - o cean is known to have been > 1 m higher than nowadays their respective citizenry require its measured average global 21 st Century elevation, the “togetherness”! Salton Trough may have bec o me inu ndated by seawater o wing to the arid Colorado River Delta’s high - tides and associated large tidal - bore ; it is possible 2 . Aban doning all previous generations ’ that Gulf of California seawater may have reached, infrastructur e development hallucinations impact fully eroded and finally penetrated a former [9 - 10] ! river delta crest located at Volcan o Lake near Cerro By dictionary definition, “the geographical future” Prieto, Mexico , subsequently wholly flooding Mexico is a place, landscape or R egion without objects. During and the USA’s shared Salton Trough geo graphic AD 2012, the USA and Mexico concluded a bilateral feature . ) Whether or not Nature ever agreement to re store the Colorado River Delta [ 11 - 1 2 ]. seawater - submerged the Salton Trough in the USA , This enshrined international concord typifies the today’s landscape ought to become , by stale - minded thinking ever - present in the binationally - del iberated agreed design a seascape at the two - int ernational border - separated political and hands of positivist Geos cience human being s! If academic conversation al circles, unfortunate ly hosted undertaken, such a Macro - engineeri ng project must , of by somewhat confused and ill - informed Californians necessity , surpass all currently contemplated linear and Mexicans , focused upon the extant disgusting, “restoration”, “reclamation” or “ stop further horrendously low - environmenta l sustainability status deterioration” misaligned mega - schemes — all of so - cal led Salton Sea. Professional landscape A rchitects which are fabulously hyper - costly to taxpayer s as well are promot ing the idea that Americans must retreat in as so poorly conceived structurally as to be obviously another compa ss direction because of the Southwest’s inappropriate financial and mega - engineering supposed ultimate natural freshwater supply binational reactions when considered in the full 21 st limitations [1 3 ], one of the sub - theme s of the 1994 Century world civilization context — in short, too Hol lywood movie Wagon’s East! starring comedian many proposed schemes are simply the effusions of John Candy (1950 - 1994)! Alternatively , Team resigned and uncaring politic ians and t he faithful Geographos determinedly reco mmends a singular news - media ’s hallucinations ceremoniously dump ed massive macro - planned enlargement of the Salton Sea onto the otherwise uninformed public s , some of whom — to nearly seven times its present - day area — finally are irked knowle dgeable voters ! Could it be that the to attain a co nstant artificial seawater area of ~7,722 commonly employed deterministic “ landscape km 2 using seawater imported from the Gulf of developmental” scenarios , in fact the equivalen t to California, via cost - free gravitat ional flow through one virtual resignations to existential risks [1 5 ] , used until or more canals excavated by floating dredgers , and

24 Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada ow for evaluating environmental outcomes should be 3 . Optimizing northern Mexico - southern substituted by stochastic scenarios after AD 2018 ? California’s Freshwater Supply System s

Obviously Whilst taxpaying reside nts , businesses The Colorado River, which supplies freshwater to and governmental entities unintentionally unsafely ~ 40 million dependent persons in the So uthwest and sited on the Nature - provided eastern Pacific Ocean northern Mexico, including corporatized commercial coasts of western Mexico and s outhern California farmers in the Imperial Valley, endured the worst must fitfully mull physical retreat from a n impending, mega - drough t of recorded history during 2000 - 2014 or at least popularly forecast , g lobal sea - level rise AD. The 2015 “Salton Sea Restoration and Renewable [1 7 - 1 8 ], those presently located next to the evaporating Energy Initiative” framed California’s sti nking and Salton Sea — trending physically to become a kidney eye - irritating brine pool ’s geographical recession bean - shaped tainted h ot desert - dun al landscape — must (because of desert climate regime conditions and a consider ways to avoid its harmful wind - lofted toxic reduction in anthropogenic effluents ) as an inevitable dust emissions and st inky brine water and lucrative economic desert landscape windfall since chemistry - induced clouds which do not yet, but should profitable geothermal wells could be drilled and perhaps, contain injected pleasantly odorized serviced based on dry - land worksites rather than disinfectants! Could a conjunction of humans and their operated through a impeding brine layer; briefly, for managed computation - mechanical agenc ies (robots) commer cial renewable energy facility operators a revolutionize th is unmistakably bli ghted binational semi - disgusting anthropogenic desert playa is New World Region? For Saudi Arabians, the toponym preferable to any remaining area of the Sta te’s “N EOM ” was constructed from two words: Greek repulsive anthropogenic Salton Sea! The Salton Sea’s “neo” (new) and the Arabic word “ Mostaq bal ” (future) 2018 AD exposed lakebed constitutes a [1 9 - 20 ] ; NEOM identifies a n abuilding new Middle medically - recognized , spatia lly - widespread public East city (28 0 17’ 17” North latitude by 3 4 0 50’ 42” health risk since the persisting poisonous odiferous East longitude) where robots function to produce dust is already wind - shifted in every direction ; b efore desalinated water, provide adequate installation A D 2028, will these industrial macro - planners, security and efficient time - tabled industr ial and civic real - estate developers and their lax State and Federal logistics, all powered by reliable renewable energy governmental regulators suppose its aerosolized resources and backed - up by out - of - Regio n topping toxicant - impregnated grainy salt residue will high - voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line not be come equally harmful to adjacent Imperial sources of electricity input . If the USA possessed a Valle y residents , workers and other important persons practically functional nationwide electrica l grid , then and organizations , when ever blown by rainless solar power emanating from the desert Southwest windstorms off the even vaste r dry lakebed resulting could meet peak electricity demand in the from the Salton Sea’s total evaporation ? This vivid ea rly - evening Northeast and then support a similar prospective Region doom sday scenario is daunting ; demand peak in the West a few hours later; new HVDC eucata strophe for the Salton Sea Region can most transmissions lines could follow existing Federal certainly n ever actualize during our 21 st Century Government - granted trans - continental railroad without the genuine teamwork an d camaraderie of its rights - of - way with very little political or commercial majority contributors and specialist consultants cont estation. In the instance of a technically futurized seeking concerted infrastructural improvement s for the Salton Sea, such resources shall include major Region [1 6 ]! photovoltaic, geothermal facilities and a few power ful

Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada 25

“wind farms” . Team Geographos admires the inspiring Color ado River variability. In fact, the human AD 1975 geographical thoughts of Allen Kellogg populations of the USA’s Southwest and northern Ph ilbrick (1914 - 2007) regarding desalination Mexico might find t hemselves in a truly revolutionary infrastructure strategic modality [ 21 ] . early - 21 st Century situation whereby independence from all freshwater extraction macro - problems related Figure 1 illustrates p roposed desalination Plants to the C olorado River is achievable under neart - term that are herein indicated by ovoid - shaped dot symbols , future meteorological circumstances [2 3 ]. Surely, located at appropriate landscapes on crucial coast line s, g overnmental b udgeteers will be pleased, as will causin g manufactured freshwater, put into connected taxpayers, and commercial circles will certainly take pipelines ( narrow dark arrow - tipped lines) thence notice of persuasively influential new economic facts transporting the made potable freshwater inland to [24 - 2 7 ]. virgin agricultural landscapes and old or new burgeoning cities. Top - left: photovoltaic installation The southern shoreline of today’s Salton Sea is actually should be illustrated as sited on the subsiding by ~ 52 mm/annually, “…greater than the areally - enlarged Salton Sea resting atop special f ar - field background rate” [2 8 ]. The State of floating islands (unique ly big unsinkable foamed metal California, therefore, ought to become a major barg es [ 2 2 ] )! See Figure s 2 - 3 for a clearer for - profit desalinated water exporter to the customer photomontage image of the macroproject suggested States of Nevada, Arizona and Mexico . Through two elsewhere by the sup porting and referenced text s for dredged canals , unlined like those of the Middle East’s this article [ 6 ] . Imagine the Pacific Ocean - volumized Suez Canal , commencing at the Colorado River Delta, Salton Sea being entirely covered by industrial buoyant seawater originating in the Gulf of California would stru ctures , possibly including within its multi - level move northwards ( down gradient ) into the USA ’s “skyscraper” overall form of farms, residences and Salt on Trough property : ~400 km 3 of seawater inflow support i ng businesses ! According to the USA’s 2018 should fill the below sea - level Earth - crust hollow to National Ocean Recreation Expenditure Survey , the pr esent - day east ern Pacific Ocean sea - level [2 9 ] ; Pacific Coast is 48% of the USA’s coastline which h owever, although capped or lidded by a sunshine garn ered the largest number of beachgoers, the most intercepting photovoltaic barge of immense area, the beach - days accumulated and the greatest ocean - related tw o canals will exhibit permanent strong north - flowing consume r spending; some ~ 9,848 km of skirting non - tidal seawater currents due to the extraction f rom a beaches will become available following full closed basin at a single enormous electricity - powered emplacement of the envisioned single articulated dist illery of a huge volume of fresh water! Indeed, artificial isl and of securely interlinked modul arized removed solid salt particles must then be exported to flat - boat s or immobile non - keeled Megafloat - like somewhere that is receptive to massive imports of that installation ; imagin e finalization of the Italy - based sunlight - reflective granular waste p roduct — elsewhere architectural firm Superstudio’s Il Monumenteo Team Geographos will suggest filling 1,300 km 2 of the Continuo inhabited monolith as being afloat in desertic below sea - level Death Valley, State of California via a southern C alifornia ! Such structural envelopment heavy brine - slurry pipeli ne to prevailing world - ocean would, of course, halt almost all direct evaporation sea - level . In a typical sunlight - aided seawater reverse from the Salton S ea PLUS. At the very least, such a osmosis desalinatio n factory, the factory consumes 3 - 6 gigantic aquatic installation would allow decoupling of kWh (electric) per m 3 of freshwater produce d ; Mexico and the USA from any fu t ure freshwater flow t herefore, harnessing 1.69884 million GW generated

26 Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada by a single Salton Sea PLUS - covering 7,722 km 2 perform structurally as equivalent to a n ordinary floating array of photovoltaics operating with a land - based building’s floating foundation in terms of standard commercial solar c ell efficiency of 23% , ~339 response to seism ic - induced vibrations — in other km 3 of freshwater will be abstracted . (By circa 2014 words, otherwise powerful earthqua kes can , in future, AD, more than 17,000 individual desalination factories be treated as urban nuisances through diminishment by worldwide existe d, some of which drew only seawater; structural intervention! The transform San Andreas those that did so had a freshwater output of ~30 km 3 Fault trends from Mexico , chiefly at the head of the yearly!) . Let us take some numbers: Gulf of Calif ornia , to San Francisco, State of California; the majority of the State of California’s 7722 km 2 = 7722 x 10 6 m 2 ; population lives in the vicinity of the San Andreas

Fault. The anticipated next major projected temblor The PV operate 8 h /day x 365 days: epicenter is assumed to be near Brawley, California

[ 31 ]. The la ndscape and cities finally inundated forever 8 x 3600 x 365 = 10512000 s / year ; by the Salton Sea PL US - SWAP , perhaps

partially rebuilt under the shading photovoltaic Solar average irradiance: per year 400 W/m 2 (this paneling of the artificial island covering the bigger might be too large) ; Salton Sea artificial water - body, will never again suffer

d amage, property destruction or human and animal Energy per year , for a PV efficiency of 0.23 : lives lost inflic ted by the San Andreas Fault’s notorious

strike - slip movements! A future slippage of tectonic 7722 x 10 6 x 1. 05 x 10 7 x 4 x 10 2 x 0.23 = 7459 x 10 15 J ; plate s edges seems to be a real potential based on 2018

AD Imperial County news reports of increa s ed 1 m 3 of fresh water requires 5 kWh = 5000 x 3600 J = horizontally shifting boiling mud - pot activity which 18 x 10 6 J ; threaten to sever Union Pacific’s freight railroad tracks

from Yuma, Arizona to the City of Los Angeles and Num ber of m 3 of fresh water = 7459 x 10 15 / 18 x 10 6 = beyond , a Kinder Morgan petroleum pipeline , a 1801 x 10 9 m 3 = 414 km 3 / year . Verizon fiber - optic telecommunications cable [ 3 2 ] and a heavily - traveled section of Interstate Highway 10 in 4. Team Geographos’ Action Proposal: A t he Coachella Valley connecting to the USA - Mexico Southwest Water Alliance Project (SWAP) in t ernational boundary. During 1540 AD, Spanish explorer Melchor Diaz encountered “fields of boiling Geoscientist now casually assert “…that the annual mud” at several places on his march north wards from direct anthropogenic contribution to the global the Colorado River Delta and, before their production of sediment in 2015 was conservativel y anthropogen ic submergence centuries later, live steam some…150 km 3 , a figure more than 24 times greater fumaroles, mud volcanos and boiling mud - pots were than the sediment supplied ann ually by the world’s encountered by local inhabitants. The first effort to major rivers to the ocean” [ 30 ]. Speaking in the fashion exploit the evident geotherm resources of th e Salton of pro - desalination Ecopolis - Macro - Imagineering Sea Trough took place during 19 2 7 - 1928 AD [ 3 3 ]. extremist s , the yearly replenishment of an enlarged Moderate future release of geothermal heat by Nature Salton Sea might eclipse that impressive into the seawater beneath the enlarged Salton Sea’s ocean - sedimentation deposition bulk! A photovoltaic artificial island can be considered quite beneficial since platform lidding all of the enlarged Salton Sea will

Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada 27 by raising the seawater temperature for the distillery , practice, maintenance, and even the social - rela t ed the distillation process is made quicker and thus more elements” [40]. efficient [3 4 ] and some have already sought successfully means to tap this manifestation of In the State of California, t he City of Los Angeles ’ Earth - crust energy resource via underwater submarine Department of Water and Power (LADWP) is seriously geothermal facilities [3 5 ]. Photovo ltaic farming upon examining the 2018 USD $3 billion the turbulent high - seas is a staple of futuris t dogma Macro - Engineering concept to place near Ho o ver Da m [3 6 ] and even a floating university was tried on a placid a huge photovoltaic array on the Colorado River which artificial lake in Berlin, during AD 2018. will generate enoug h electricity for a battery of fluid What was not outstanding in either of these proposal s pumps below Hoover Dam t o collect spilled Lake and attempts is any recognition of the future Mead fresh water — that is freshwater that has already importance of aquaculture [3 7 ]. Expect e d Salton fallen through Hoo ver Dam’s powerhouse — and pu sh Trough Region climate regime change [3 8 ] , as well as it uphill to refill the reservoir (Lake Mead) impounded the large alluvial landscapes in Mexico such as the by Hoover Da m and recirculated through the Vizcaino Plain and Magdalena Plain which can be powerhouse again and again! Such a scheme is highly more vigorously cultivated wh enever low - cost notional — it keeps the LADWP in business providing desalinated water becomes available, make s it customers with electricity but provides no additiona l imp erative that farmers and others working outdoors freshwater and, worse, may well reduce freshwater wear sun - protective clothing, possibly including flows to places d ownstream of Hoover Dam! air - cooling properties. As the climate regime changes, Depending on the pump intake site and the intake siz e , heatwaves intensify, and humidity incr eases, working this question is pertinent: how many times can outdoor many hours outside in farm fields as well as insid e freshwater be recycled for power generation, especia lly buildings without or equipped with inadequate as evaporation is unhindered in any fashion whatsoever air - conditioning systems will become unhealthier , and by the LAD WP ’s “loon - shot” ? It is Team Geographos’ in some instances dangerously life - threatening, for assessment of the current State of California - northern active humans of both the State of California and Mexico freshwater macro - problem that these adjoining northern Mexico. Thus, robotic agents may have to territorial R egions have chiefly two m egaproject re place humans in some especially options: (I) keep and mend their current water supply health - compromising industrial production situations syst ems or (II) conduct an exchange via the Salton Sea [39]. On 13 March 2004 until 2007 , in the rough desert PLUS - Southwest Water Alliance Project, SWAP. The between Barstow, State of California and Primm, State S tate of Nevada , in particular the City of Las Vegas, of Nevada th ree DARPA Grand Challenge and the State of Arizona have bee n adapting to a tournament s w ere held as test s of robotic wheeled forecasted 21 st Century future of freshwater shortag e cross - country vehicles ; since then driverless induced by climate regime change but that policy is automobiles and trucks have transited highways as very stressful and, sometimes, disliked by the ir voting almost everyday car /truck technology worldwide. public s . It is possible that even some of the “While humankind faces unprecedented challenges, macro - planning techniques util ized by Walt Disney technology still represents the best shot to overcome Imagineering for, say, its unbuilt Western River them….[It] is timely to dissect in depth those grand E xpedition , could be helpful in the proper creation of challenges and the respective that could SWAP - Salton Sea PLUS [41]. A chemical engineer, address them, covering research, design, development, Mr. Sidney Loeb , who died in 2004, invented the

28 Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada reverse osmosis membrane, perfecting it after AD 1965 [9] Carroll, P. 2012. “Water and tech n oscientific state with filtering tests done in the San Joaquin Valley for formation in California” Social Studies of Science 42: the City of Coalinga, State of California. During AD 489 - 516. 2014, an Israel - California water cooperation agreement [10] Lipschutz, R.D. 2018. “Eco - or was concluded which is premised on the fact that Israel eco - catastrophe? Re - imagining California as an has constructed co ast - si t e d desalination factories and ecological utopia” Elementa: Science of the now exports freshwater from its n ational territory [42]. Anthropocene 6: 65. 16 Pages. Ponder Figures 3 - 4 . 11 ] Cisner o s - Montemayor, A.M. and Vincent, A.C.J. 2016. “Science, society, and flagship species: social and

political history as keys to co nservation outcomes in the References Gulf of California” Ecology and Society 21: 9 - 20. [1] Levari, D.E. et al. 29 June 2018. “Prevalence - induced [1 2 ] Nelson, S.M. et al. 2013. “Geomorphology of a concept ch a nge in human judgment” Science 360: Recurring Tidal Sandbar in the estuary of the Colorado 1465 - 1467. River, Mexico: Implications for restoration”. Ecological [2] Frie, A.L. et al. 2017. “The Effect of a Receding Engineering 59: 121 - 133. Saline Lake (The Salton Sea ) on Airborne Particulate [1 3 ] Caine, I. and Hoeferlin, D. Summer 2017 “The Matter Composition” Environmental Science & Continental Compact: Eastward Migration in a (New) Technology 51: 8263 - 8292. New World” Scena r io 06: Migration . 10 pages. [3] Hudson, M. 24 July 2018. “ E n ding technocracy with [1 4 ] Cathcart, R.B. “Medicative Macro - Imagineering of a neologism? Avivocracy as a conceptual tool” California’s Scalable Salvific Cyborg Sea: Sal ton Sea Technolog y in Society 55: 138 . PLUS”, Chapter 4, pages 98 - 136 IN Cathcart, R.B. 2018 [4] Cathcart, R.B. 2017 Magic al Macro - Imagineering: Macro - Imagineering Our Dosmozoicum . Lambert Atlantropa and Beyond Mega - projects . Infinity Academic Publishing. 1 54 pages. Publishing. Page 149. [1 5 ] Liu, H - Y. et al. 2018. “ Governing Boring [5] GOTO: tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Eu c atastrophe. Apocalypses: A new typology of existential [6] Cathcart, R.B. 2013. “Macro - Imagineering a ‘Fifth vulnerabilities and exposures for existential risk Coast’ USA: Salton Sea Megaport and Seawater Canal” research” Futures 102: 6 - 19. Chapter 4, pages 140 - 141 IN White, M. R. (Ed.) [1 6 ] DeBuys, W. 2001. Salt Dreams: Land and Water in Seawater . Nova Science Publishers. Low - Down California . U n iversity of New Mexico Press. [7] McDonald, J.E. May 1962. “The 407 pages. evaporation - precipita t ion fallacy” Weather Royal [1 7 ] Koslov, L. 2016. “The Case for Retreat” Public Meteorological Society 17: 168 - 177. Culture 28: 359 - 387. [8] Santos, A. et al. August 2018. “Artificial lakes as [1 8 ] Aerts, J. C.J.H. et al. 19 September 2018. “Pathways climate c hange adaptation strategy in drylands: to resilience: adapting to sea level rise in Los Angeles” evaluating the trade - off on non - target ecosystem Annals of the New York Aca d emy of Sciences 1427: 1 - 90. services” Mitigation and Adaptation Str a tegies for [1 9 ] Farag, A.A. “The Story of NEOM City: Global Change 23: 887 - 906. SEE also: Saulnier - Talbot, Opportunities and Challenges”, Chapter 3, pages 35 - 49 E. and Lavoie, I. September 2018. “Uncharted waters: IN A ttia, S. et al. (Eds.) 2019 New Cities and Community the rise o f human - made aquatic environments in the age Extensions in Egypt and the Middle East. Springer of the Anthropocene” Anthropocene 23: 29 - 42. Publishing.

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[ 20 ] Colley, C.C. July 1983. “The Desert Shall Blossom: seismic zone in southern California” Lithosphere 10: North African Influence on the American Southwest” 602 - 631 . SEE a l so: Ortiz - Huerta, L.G. et al. April 2018. Western Historical Quarterly 14: 2 77 - 290. “Far - Field Tsunami Hazard Assessment Along the [ 21 ] Philbrick, A.K. “Perceptions and Technologies as Pacific Coast of Mexico by Historical R ecords and Determinants of Predictions about Earth”, Chapter 2, Numerical Simulation” Pure and Applied Geophysics page17 - 34 IN Abler, R. et al (Eds.) 1975. Human 175: 1305 - 1323. Geography in a Shrining World . Duxbury Press. 307 [ 3 2 ] Durairajan, R. et al. 16 - 18 July 2018. “Light s Out: pages. Climate Change Risk to Internet Infrastru c ture” [2 2 ] Anantharaman, H. et al. August 2015 “Dynamic ANRW’18 Proceedings of the Applied Networking properties of silicon carbide hollow particles filled Research Workshop , Montreal, Canada. Pages 9 - 15. magnesium alloy (AZ91D) matrix synthetic foams” I nvestigators determined by circa AD 2033 that ~6,500 Internation a l Journal of Impact Engineering 82: 14 - 24. km of USA fiber conduit could become damagingly [2 3 ] Williams, J. and Swyngedouw, E. 2018 Tapping the sea w ater - submerged. Oceans: Seawater Desalination a nd the Political [ 3 3 ] Taira, T.A. et al. 2018. “Monitoring reservoir Ecology of Water. Elgar. 224 Pages. response to earthquakes and fluid extraction, Salton Sea [24] Moore, T.J. et al. 2018. “Exploring ship traffic ge othermal field, California” Science Advances 4: variability off Cali f ornia” Ocean and Coastal e1701536. Management 163: 515 - 527. [3 4 ] Yim, W. Autumn 2018. “Geothermal heat and [25] Lavissiere, A. and Rodrigue, J - P. 2017. “Free ports: climate variability” I m perial Engineer , Issue 29: 21 - 23. towards a network of trade gateways” Journal of [3 5 ] Hiriart, G. et al. 25 - 29 April 2010. “Submarine Shipping and Trade 2: 1 - 17. Geothermics: Hydrothermal Vents and Elect ricity [26] Wilder, M.O. et al. 2016 “Desalination and water Generation” Proceedings World Geothermal Congress security in the U S - Mexico border region: assessing the 2009, Bali, Indonesia. 6 pages. social, environmental and political impacts” Water [3 6 ] Moustafa, K. April 2016. “Toward F uture International 41: 756 - 775. Photovoltaic - Based Agriculture in Sea” Trends in [27] Vatter, M.H. and Suurkask, D.F. 2018. “The impact Biotechnology 34: 257 - 259. of trade with the United States on electric loads in [3 7 ] Gentry, R.R. et al. 2017. “Mapping the gl obal Mexico” Heliyon 4: e00717. potential for marine aquaculture” Nature Ecology & [ 28 ] B arbour, A.J. et al. 2016. “Subsidence rates at the Evolution 1: 1317 - 1324. southern Salton Sea consistent with reservoir depletion” [38] Shuan, Y. et al. 20 January 2019. “Loss of work Journal of Geophysic al Research: Solid Earth 121: productivity in a warming world: Differences between 5308 - 5327. developed and developing countries” Journal of Cleaner [ 29 ] Newman, W.S. and Fairbridge, R.W. 1986. “The Production 208: 1219 - 1225. management of sea - level rise” Scienc e 313: 319 - 321. [39] Pschera, A. 2016 Animal Internet: Nature and the [ 30 ] Cooper, A.H. et al. 19 September 2018. “Humans Digital Revolution. New Vessel Press. 207 pages. are the most significant global geomorphological driving [40] Silva, J .R. et al. October 2018. “The Era of forc e of the 21 st century” The Anthropocene Review. Engineering Grand Challenges” Polytechnica 1: 1 - 3. https://doi.org/10.1177 / 2053019618800234 . [41] Smith, C.E. 2016. The Walt Disney W orld That [ 31 ] Janecke, S.U. et al. 2018. “Durmid ladder structure Never Was: Stories Behind the Amazing Imagineering and its implications for the nucleation sites of the next M Dreams That Never Came True. Theme Park Press. Page >7.5 earthquake on the San Andreas fault or Brawley

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6. SEE also: N i chols, C. 2018 Walt Disney’s Disneyland . Taschen. 352 pages. [42] Siegel, S.M. 2015. Let There Be Water: Israel’s Solution for a Water - starved World. Thomas Dunne Books. 337 Pages. [43] Cathcart, R. B. November 2018. Mirror Macro - Imagineering Water Supply M egaprojects: Pipedream Chile - California Complementarity? Revista Brasiliense de Engenharia e Fisica Aplicada. [44] De Lara, J. 2 018. Inland Shift: Race, Space, and Capital in Southern California. University of California Press. 225 pages. [45] Edwards, E. C . and Null, S.E. 15 February 2019. “The cost of addressing saline lake level decline and the potential for water conservation ma rkets” Science of the Total Environment 651: 435 - 442.

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F i g u re 1 : P roposed desalination Plants indicated by ovoid - shaped dot symbols .

32 Revista Brasiliense de Enge nharia e Física Aplicada

Figure 2 : O ne - half of the Salton Sea PLUS - S WAP idea — that is, the two canals and the amplified area of the transmogrified Salton Sea which could add another internati onal marine seaport to the USA’s extant infrastructure of ~150 such installations. After the imposition of such a shipping center, t he State of California ’s Inland Empire will spread geographically eastwards and probably become far more prosperous than it was during AD 2018 [44].

Figure 3 : T iny photovoltaic “island” as a polka - dot s ample - kernel for the larger Salton Sea PLUS version proposed in our t ext. After all, if we had covered the entire enlarged Salton Sea, then it would have become uninstructive by geographical invisibility! The tipped arrows indicate freshwater product being transported to northern Mexico only.

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Figure 4 : T he SWAP pipeline system ( t he Northern California system , with the box - shaped cartographic symbol representing a man - made freshwater reservoir , the bigger - than - Lake Tahoe San Luis Reservoir, was explained in detail in a previous paper pu blished in this jour nal [43] so that further explanation here in is repetitive ) . This figure i ndicates Team Geographos’ hope that the State of Utah’s Great Salt Lake may someday become a paying Salton Sea PLUS - SWAP customer [45]!