DOCSLIB.ORG

Reference Manual 46: Wild and Scenic Rivers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Reference Manual 46: Wild and Scenic Rivers Reference Manual 46: Wild and Scenic Rivers April 12, 2021 Approved by: ______________________________________________________________ Assistant Director, Partnerships and Civic Engagement, Date ______________________________________________________________ Associate Director, Natural Resources Stewardship and Science, Date Reference Manual 46: Wild and Scenic Rivers 4/12/2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Purpose.............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Background....................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Additional Background Resources ................................................................................. 1-3 2 WILD AND SCENIC RIVER STUDIES, DESIGNATION AND PLANNING........... 2-1 2.1 Wild and Scenic River Studies ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Eligibility...................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1.1 Free-Flowing Condition..................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.1.2 Outstandingly Remarkable Values..................................................................... 2-2 2.1.1.3 River Classification............................................................................................ 2-4 2.1.2 Suitability ..................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.3 Administrative Record, Decision File, and Record Management................................ 2-6 2.1.4 Congressionally-authorized Studies under Section 5(a) .............................................. 2-7 2.1.4.1 Staffing, Funding, and Oversight....................................................................... 2-8 2.1.4.2 Study Process and Findings................................................................................ 2-9 2.1.4.3 Coordination..................................................................................................... 2-10 2.1.4.4 National Environmental Policy Act Requirements .......................................... 2-10 2.1.5 Agency-directed Wild and Scenic River Studies under Section 5(d)(1).................... 2-11 2.1.5.1 Considerations Specific to Section 5(d)(1) Studies.......................................... 2-13 2.1.5.2 Protective Management for Eligible Rivers..................................................... 2-15 2.1.5.3 National Park Service River Inventories.......................................................... 2-16 2.1.5.4 Management Considerations for Section 2(a)(ii) Wild and Scenic Rivers ...... 2-18 2.1.6 Secretarial Wild and Scenic River Designation Requests under Section 2(a)(ii) ...... 2-19 2.1.6.1 National Park Service Review Process of Applications by States................... 2-19 2.1.6.2 Wild and Scenic River Reconnaissance Surveys ............................................. 2-22 2.1.6.3 Survey Scope and Findings.............................................................................. 2-22 2.1.6.4 Staffing, Funding, and Oversight..................................................................... 2-23 2.2 Wild and Scenic River Designation .............................................................................. 2-23 2.2.1 Internal Legislative Process........................................................................................ 2-23 2.2.2 Additional Protections Provided by Wild and Scenic River Designation.................. 2-24 2.3 Wild and Scenic River Planning ................................................................................... 2-25 2.3.1 Comprehensive River Management Plans ................................................................. 2-25 2.3.1.1 Contents of a Comprehensive River Management Plan................................... 2-26 2.3.1.2 User Capacity................................................................................................... 2-27 2.3.1.3 Comprehensive River Management Plans for Partnership Rivers................... 2-27 2.3.1.4 National Environmental Policy Act Requirements .......................................... 2-28 2.3.1.5 Updating Comprehensive River Management Plans (under development)..... 2-28 2.3.1.6 Comprehensive River Management Plan Archive........................................... 2-28 2.3.2 Establishing Wild and Scenic River Boundaries........................................................ 2-29 2.3.2.1 Process to Finalize or Amend Boundaries ....................................................... 2-29 TOC-i Reference Manual 46: Wild and Scenic Rivers 4/12/2021 2.3.2.2 Key Points ........................................................................................................ 2-31 3 MANAGEMENT AND STEWARDSHIP........................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Monitoring Programs ...................................................................................................... 3-2 3.2 Monitoring Wild and Scenic River Values .................................................................... 3-3 3.2.1 Streamflow ................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.2.2 Water Quality ............................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.3 Natural Resources ........................................................................................................ 3-5 3.2.4 Cultural Resources ....................................................................................................... 3-5 3.2.5 Visitor Use Monitoring ................................................................................................ 3-6 3.2.6 Additional Monitoring Resources ................................................................................ 3-6 3.3 River Corridor Stewardship and Best Management Practices.................................... 3-6 3.3.1 Instream Flow Protection ............................................................................................. 3-7 3.3.2 Water Quality Protection.............................................................................................. 3-9 3.3.3 Scenic Resource Management.................................................................................... 3-10 3.3.4 Cultural Resource Management ................................................................................. 3-11 3.3.5 Recreation Management............................................................................................. 3-11 3.3.5.1 User Capacity................................................................................................... 3-12 3.3.5.2 Recreation Facilities......................................................................................... 3-12 3.3.5.3 Additional Recreation Management Resources ............................................... 3-12 3.3.6 Fish and Wildlife Management .................................................................................. 3-13 3.3.7 Stream Channel Stabilization and Restoration........................................................... 3-13 3.3.8 River Access Site Design and Construction............................................................... 3-15 3.3.9 Bridge Construction, Removal, and Replacement ..................................................... 3-15 3.3.10 Projects Subject to Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act ................ 3-17 3.3.11 Corridor Development................................................................................................ 3-18 3.3.11.1 Energy, Communication, and Other Facilities................................................. 3-18 3.3.11.2 Horizontal Directional Drilling ........................................................................ 3-20 3.3.12 Protection of Wild and Scenic Rivers Values in Wilderness ..................................... 3-21 3.3.13 Protection of Wild and Scenic River Values on Non-Federal Lands in the Wild and Scenic River Corridor .................................................................................................... 3-22 3.3.13.1 Voluntary Measures ......................................................................................... 3-23 3.3.13.2 Incentive Programs........................................................................................... 3-23 3.3.13.3 Agreements....................................................................................................... 3-23 3.3.13.4 Land Use Planning ........................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.13.5 State and Local Regulatory Measures.............................................................. 3-24 3.3.13.6 Land Acquisition.............................................................................................. 3-25 3.3.14 Commercial Visitor Services ..................................................................................... 3-26 3.3.14.1 Concession Contracts ....................................................................................... 3-26 3.3.14.2 Commercial Use Authorizations .....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • North Cascades Contested Terrain
    North Cascades NP: Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History NORTH CASCADES Contested Terrain North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History CONTESTED TERRAIN: North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington An Administrative History By David Louter 1998 National Park Service Seattle, Washington TABLE OF CONTENTS adhi/index.htm Last Updated: 14-Apr-1999 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/noca/adhi/[11/22/2013 1:57:33 PM] North Cascades NP: Contested Terrain: North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History (Table of Contents) NORTH CASCADES Contested Terrain North Cascades National Park Service Complex: An Administrative History TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover Cover: The Southern Pickett Range, 1963. (Courtesy of North Cascades National Park) Introduction Part I A Wilderness Park (1890s to 1968) Chapter 1 Contested Terrain: The Establishment of North Cascades National Park Part II The Making of a New Park (1968 to 1978) Chapter 2 Administration Chapter 3 Visitor Use and Development Chapter 4 Concessions Chapter 5 Wilderness Proposals and Backcountry Management Chapter 6 Research and Resource Management Chapter 7 Dam Dilemma: North Cascades National Park and the High Ross Dam Controversy Chapter 8 Stehekin: Land of Freedom and Want Part III The Wilderness Park Ideal and the Challenge of Traditional Park Management (1978 to 1998) Chapter 9 Administration Chapter 10 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/noca/adhi/contents.htm[11/22/2013
    [Show full text]
  • 1996 Military Customer Satisfaction Survey
    2010 CIVIL WORKS PROGRAMS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION SURVEY July 2011 This report prepared by: Linda Peterson, CECW Survey Manager US Army Engineer District, Mobile CESAM-PM-I 109 ST Joseph St Mobile, AL 36602 Phone (251) 694-3848 CONTENTS Page Executive Summary ………………………………………………………... 1 Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Background ……………………………..…………………………..….. 3 1.2 Survey Methodology …………………..……………………………..... 4 Section 2: Results of 2010 Survey 2.1 Customer Demographics ……………………………………………… 5 2.2 Survey Items and Scales …………………………….……………...... 12 2.3 Customer Comments ……………………………….....…..………….. 15 Section 3: Comparison of Ratings by Customer Subgroups 3.1 Ratings by Respondent Classification……….…………..…..........… 19 3.2 Ratings by Business Line.………………….……….…………....…… 21 3.3 Ratings by Project Phase ………………….……………………......... 24 3.4 Ratings By Survey Year ………….……………………………...……. 26 Section 4: Summary ………….………………………..………...…….…... 29 Tables & Figures Table 1: Respondent Classification........................................................ 6 Table 2: Primary Business Lines ……..…….……….……...……..……... 8 Table 3: ‘Other’ Business Lines..…….……….………...………....……… 8 Table 4: Project Phases ………………………....………………………... 9 Table 5: Corps Divisions..…………………..……..................………....... 10 Table 6: Corps Districts…......................................................………….. 11 Table 7: Survey Scales .………...........………………....…….…….......... 13 Table 8: Item Ratings …...………..........……………………....….………. 14 Table 9: Item Comments ..………………..………..…………..…..……… 16 Table
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Department of Fish and Game Staff Comments on Subsistence, Personal Use, Sport, Guided Sport, and Commercial Finfish Regu
    ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME STAFF COMMENTS ON SUBSISTENCE, PERSONAL USE, SPORT, GUIDED SPORT, AND COMMERCIAL FINFISH REGULATORY PROPOSALS FOR THE ARCTIC-YUKON-KUSKOKWIM AREA FINFISH ALASKA BOARD OF FISHERIES MEETING FAIRBANKS, ALASKA JANUARY 12-19 , 2004 The following staff comments were prepared by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for use at the Alaska Board of Fisheries (Board) meeting, January 12-19, 2004 in Fairbanks, Alaska. The comments are forwarded to assist the public and Board. The comments contained herein should be considered preliminary and subject to change, as new information becomes available. Final department positions will be formulated after review of written and oral public testimony presented to the Board. This book is organized by Board Subcommittee. A listing of staff comment page numbers by proposal number appears after the Table of Contents on page vi. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility, or if you desire further information, please write to ADF&G, P.O. Box 25526, Juneau, AK 99802-5526; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N.
    [Show full text]
  • OFR 2019–1144: Preliminary Assessment of Shallow Groundwater Chemistry Near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washi
    Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Preliminary Assessment of Shallow Groundwater Chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington Open-File Report 2019–1144 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Preliminary Assessment of Shallow Groundwater Chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington By Rich W. Sheibley and James R. Foreman Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service Open-File Report 2019–1144 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior David Bernhardt, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2019 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov/ or call 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747). For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Sheibley, R.W., and Foreman, J.R., 2019, Preliminary assessment of shallow groundwater chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2019–1144, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191144.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Assessment of Archaeological Resources Within the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah
    A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES WITHIN THE GRAND STAIRCASE-ESCALANTE NATIONAL MONUMENT, UTAH by David B. Madsen Common rock art elements of the Fremont and Anasazi on the Colorado Plateau and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. ,I!! CIRCULAR 95 . 1997 I~\' UTAH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ." if;~~ 6EPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ISBN 1-55791-605-5 STATE OF UTAH Michael O. Leavitt, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Ted Stewart, Executive Director UTAH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY M. Lee Allison~ Director UGS Board Member Representing Russell C. Babcock, Jr. (chairman) .................................................................................................. Mineral Industry D. Cary Smith ................................................................................................................................... Mineral Industry Richard R. Kennedy ....................................................................................................................... Civil Engineering E.H. Deedee O'Brien ......................................................................................................................... Public-at-Large C. William Berge .............................................................................................................................. Mineral Industry Jerry Golden ..................................................................................................................................... Mineral Industry Milton E. Wadsworth ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska)
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resources Program Center Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska) Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR—2007/372 Cover photo: Glacier emerging from the slopes of Mt Douglas toward the Katmai coastline. August 2005. Photo: S.Nagorski 2 Assessment of Coastal Water Resources and Watershed Conditions at Katmai National Park and Preserve (Alaska) Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRWRD/NRTR-2007/372 Sonia Nagorski Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Ginny Eckert Biology Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Eran Hood Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 Sanjay Pyare Environmental Science Program University of Alaska Southeast Juneau, AK 99801 This report was prepared under Task Order J9W88050014 of the Pacific Northwest Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (agreement CA90880008) Water Resources Division Natural Resource Program Center 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 250 Fort Collins, CO 80525 June 2007 U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 3 The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. The Natural Resource Technical Reports series is used to disseminate the peer-reviewed results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service’s mission.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Watershed Modifications
    5 Watershed Modifications 5.1 Dams and Impoundments The North Branch Park River watershed includes a number of dams and reservoirs that were constructed for flood control, water supply, industrial power, and recreation. Some of the existing dams and reservoirs retain their original uses, while others now primarily provide recreation, habitat, and open space. The major flood control reservoirs in the watershed, several of which only impound water during large storms, are largely undeveloped and therefore provide valuable wildlife habitat and open space. Other impoundments in the watershed provide aquatic and wildlife habitat and recreational opportunities, but may also limit or impede fish migration. Table 5-1 lists the flood control reservoirs in the watershed, while Table 5-2 lists state-registered dams in the watershed. Figure 5-1 depicts the Monument at Blue Hills Reservoir (NEE, 2009). locations of the various dams and impoundments in the watershed. Table 5-1. Flood Control Reservoirs in the North Branch Park River Watershed Flood CTDEP Drainage Pool Control Name/ Flood Area Surface Location Pool Year Completed Control ID (square Area Volume No. miles) (acres) (acre-feet) Wintonbury Westerly branch of Reservoir/ Beamans Brook, 1.2 1 1.42 850 165 1963 miles northeast of *dam only Bloomfield Town Hall Easterly branch of Blue Hills Beamans Brook, 1.3 Reservoir/1964 2 1.9 700 175 miles northeast of *dam only Bloomfield Town Hall Wash Brook, 1.5 miles Bloomfield (Tunxis) north of Bloomfield Reservoir/1962 3 Town Hall, adjacent to 3.05
    [Show full text]
  • Relation of Sediment Load and Flood-Plain Formation to Climatic Variability, Paria River Drainage Basin, Utah and Arizona
    Relation of sediment load and flood-plain formation to climatic variability, Paria River drainage basin, Utah and Arizona JULIA B. GRAF U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 375 S. Euclid, Tucson, Arizona 85719 ROBERT H. WEBB U.S. Geological Survey, 1675 W. Anklam Road, Tucson, Arizona 85745 RICHARD HEREFORD U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 ABSTRACT sediment load for a given discharge declined fill that rises 1-5 m above the modern channel abruptly in the early 1940s in the Colorado bed. Flood-plain deposits are present in all Suspended-sediment load, flow volume, River at Grand Canyon (Daines, 1949; Howard, major tributaries of the Paria River. The area of and flood characteristics of the Paria River 1960; Thomas and others, 1960; Hereford, flood plains is slightly greater than 20 km2, and were analyzed to determine their relation to 1987a). The decline in suspended-sediment sediment volume is estimated to be about 40 climate and flood-plain alluviation between loads has been attributed to improved land use million m3 (Hereford, 1987c). Typically, flood 1923 and 1986. Flood-plain alluviation began and conservation measures initiated in the 1930s plains are not present in first-order drainage ba- about 1940 at a time of decreasing magnitude (Hadley, 1977). A change in sediment-sampler sins but are present in basins of second and and frequency of floods in winter, summer, type and in methods of analysis have been higher order where the stream channel is uncon- and fall. No floods with stages high enough to discounted as causes for the observed decrease fined and crosses nonresistant bedrock forma- inundate the flood plain have occurred since (Daines, 1949; Thomas and others, 1960).
    [Show full text]
  • Morrone, Michele Directo
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 417 064 SE 061 114 AUTHOR Mourad, Teresa; Morrone, Michele TITLE Directory of Ohio Environmental Education Sites and Resources. INSTITUTION Environmental Education Council of Ohio, Akron. SPONS AGENCY Ohio State Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus. PUB DATE 1997-12-00 NOTE 145p. AVAILABLE FROM Environmental Education Council of Ohio, P.O. Box 2911, Akron, OH 44309-2911; or Ohio Environmental Education Fund, Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 1049, Columbus, OH 43216-1049. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Directories/Catalogs (132) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Agencies; Conservation Education; Curriculum Enrichment; Ecology; Educational Resources; Elementary Secondary Education; *Environmental Education; *Experiential Learning; *Field Trips; Hands on Science; History Instruction; Learning Activities; Museums; Nature Centers; *Outdoor Education; Parks; Planetariums; Recreational Facilities; *Science Teaching Centers; Social Studies; Zoos IDENTIFIERS Gardens; Ohio ABSTRACT This publication is the result of a collaboration between the Environmental Education Council of Ohio (EECO) and the Office of Environmental Education at the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA). This directory of environmental education resources within the state of Ohio is intended to assist educators in finding information that can complement local curricula and programs. The directory is divided into three sections. Section I contains information on local environmental education sites and resources. These are grouped by EECO region, alphabetized by county, and further alphabetized by organization name. Resources range from arboretums to zoos. Section II lists resources available at a statewide level. These include state and federal government agencies, environmental education organizations and programs, and resource persons. Section III contains cross-referenced lists of Section I by organization name, audience, organization type, and programs and services to help educators identify local resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Goldrush National Historic Landmarks The
    O n u l 4 1897 t h e s t e a msh i E x c e ls io r a rri v e d i n Sa n F ra nc i sc o ! y , , p Th x lsior i Thi s r . e ce eve yday event changed the fortunes of the North County forever E , wh ch had left the O western Alaskan port of St . Michael a month before, carried a curious array of men and women . bservers m i near the dock paid little attention as the haggard, worn asse blage trudged down the gangplank, but with n ! hours, word leaked out that they carried more than a ton of solid gold . The Klondike gold rush was on i a The f ve l rge gold circles deno te Na tional His toric Landma rk loca tions . Th e N ation a l Historic L a ndma rk Program The National Park Service admi nisters the National Historic Landmark (NHL ) Program for the Secretary of the i Interior . The NHL Program focuses attention on h storic and archeological resources of exceptional value to the nation as a n ! in i ! i n whole, by recog i ing and promot g the preservation efforts of private organ ations, ndividuals, and gover ment NHL s 1935 agencies . Designation of also furthers the educational objective of the Historic Sites Act of , by increasing public HL ’ hi awareness and interest in historic properties . N s are our nation s most important prehistoric and storic cultural O f NHL s 47 .
    [Show full text]
  • Routes to Riches 2015 1 Danielhenryalaska.Com
    Routes to Riches 2015 1 danielhenryalaska.com Routes to Riches Daniel Lee Henry [email protected] A ground squirrel robe nearly smothered northern Tlingits’ nascent trust in their newly-landed missionaries. Long-time trading ties with Southern Tutchone and Interior Tlingit funneled wealth to Native residents of the upper Lynn Canal. Luxurious furs from the frigid north brought prices many times that of local pelts. For example, while the coastal red fox fur was worth $1.75 in “San Francisco dollars” in 1883, a Yukon silver fox brought up to $50 (about $1200 in 2015). Several times a year, Tlingit expeditions traversed routes considered secret until local leaders revealed their existence to Russians and Americans in the mid-nineteenth century. A day’s paddle to the upper Chilkat River brought travelers to a trail leading over through barrier coastal mountains into the vast, rolling subarctic Interior. On the eastern route, packers left Dyea at the terminus of Taiya Inlet and slogged a twenty-mile trail to a keyhole pass into lake country that drains into the Yukon River headwaters. The image of prospectors struggling up the “Golden Staircase” to Chilkoot Pass engraved the Klondike gold rush of ‘98 onto the license plates of cultural memory. For centuries, Chilkats and Chilkoots sustained a trading cartel connected by their respective routes. From tide’s edge to the banks of the Yukon River four hundred miles north, Tlingits insisted on customer allegiance. They discouraged Interior trading partners from commerce with anyone but themselves and expressly prohibited economic activity without invitation. The 1852 siege of Fort Selkirk and subsequent expulsion of Hudson’s Bay Company demonstrated the market realities of the Chilkat/Chilkoot cartel.
    [Show full text]
  • Missouri River Valley in North Eastern Nebraska
    Water-Supply Paper No. 2 15 f A, Economic Geology, 96 n I B, Descriptive Geology, 118 owm] M, General Hydrographic Investigations, 25 [ 0, Underground Waters, 71 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR GEOLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES OF A PORTION OF THE MISSOURI RIVER VALLEY IN NORTH EASTERN NEBRASKA BY GK E. WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction___________________ Topography ___________________ Descriptive geology _____ Stratigraphy ____________ Structure__________________ Description of the rocks____ Cretaceous system ___ Dakota sandstone __ Benton group______ 10 Graueros shale_ 11 Greenhorn limestone 11 Carlile shale_ 12 Niobrara formation 13 Pierre shale_______ 15 Tertiary system________ 18 Arikaree formation- 18 Pliocene deposits_ 19 Quaternary system_____ 20 Glacial drift_______ 20 Loess ________. 20 Alluvium______. 21 Dune sand_________ 22 Economic geology______________ 22 Mineral resources__________ 22 Brick clay ____________ 22 Sand and gravel_______ 22 Building stone_________ 22 Cement rock________ 23 Coal ____________. 2-i Peat __________________ 2-1 Volcanic ash___________ 24 Water resources- __________ 25 General statement _____ 25 Surface waters ________ 25 Streams___________ 25 Springs _______. 20 Underground waters _ 27 Shallow wells _____ 27 Artesian wells_____ 28 Artesian conditions ___________________ 28. Chemical composition of artesian water- 28 Pressure _______________ _ 29 Temperature of artesian water________ 30 Construction and care of
    [Show full text]