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The Occupy Wall Street Movement's Struggle Over Privately Owned
International Journal of Communication 11(2017), 3162–3181 1932–8036/20170005 A Noneventful Social Movement: The Occupy Wall Street Movement’s Struggle Over Privately Owned Public Space HAO CAO The University of Texas at Austin, USA Why did the Occupy Wall Street movement settle in Zuccotti Park, a privately owned public space? Why did the movement get evicted after a two-month occupation? To answer these questions, this study offers a new tentative framework, spatial opportunity structure, to understand spatial politics in social movements as the interaction of spatial structure and agency. Drawing on opportunity structure models, Sewell’s dual concept of spatial structure and agency, and his concept of event, I analyze how the Occupy activists took over and repurposed Zuccotti Park from a site of consumption and leisure to a space of political claim making. Yet, with unsympathetic public opinion, intensifying policing and surveillance, and unfavorable court rulings privileging property rights over speech rights, the temporary success did not stabilize into a durable transformation of spatial structure. My study not only explains the Occupy movement’s spatial politics but also offers a novel framework to understand the struggle over privatization of public space for future social movements and public speech and assembly in general. Keywords: Occupy Wall Street movement, privately owned public space (POPS), spatial opportunity structure, spatial agency, spatial structure, event Collective actions presuppose the copresence of “large numbers of people into limited spaces” (Sewell, 2001, p. 58). To hold many people, such spaces should, in principle, be public sites that permit free access to everyone. The Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement, targeting the engulfing inequality in the age of financialization and neoliberalization, used occupation of symbolic sites to convey its message. -
THE EICISE LAW. Hint Ny in a Cell
I* thai he ««.*. mond studded artist Ge<,r«e Wiikoskl, Na #1 Monro# streak Held to bail Charles Preiss. No. 317 First street. prisoner wu discharged stall lsurhter all around. afcir IMlt Iftwtr assume julep of mm uMomlM kol*L by ¦) udge Waudell. and if so mi tided he could lock Anxious wive* atul mothers la the outer room Thomas Maher, No. 312 tveuue A. Hugh McCattery, of So. 2 Seventh avenue, w« pOM< liquor for nil," pleaded Philip Hill, No. 19* Clinton street 1 mucin .Vol 4oJ Kant 10111 hi real. in nio for a interest Drabe, brought up on * double one lor violation of the THE EICISE LAW. hint ny in a cell. Like honest Dogberrys Ike watch word with those in whom their KICUTU HBICWCT. Albert Weber, No. 13(1 Third avenue. charge, George No. 519 Broome atreet Excise law and another (or a on the "comprehended ail vagrom persons'' and held most of waacontr«>d, and during it all fresh victims were ra|»- Discharged bartender, Matthew Crimmiaa. No. 126 Third avenue. drawing revolver Judge . by Dully. John X# 39R iSerond avenue. then for examination before their worships the police Idly being brought In, only after tho usual questions Frederick Na 29 Thompson Kolrii, officer who arretted him. When called upon to go with Whituiier, proprietor, Feier H.iche, .So, 4l« Karl Fifteenth street the It la he jastIces this morning. They first assumed that "It was were asked to hear their doom pronounced, in tho street. P (charged by Judge Puffy. Jacob St leger, No. 426 East Fifteenth street. -
Lower Manhattan
WASHINGTON STREET IS 131/ CANAL STREETCanal Street M1 bus Chinatown M103 bus M YMCA M NQRW (weekday extension) HESTER STREET M20 bus Canal St Canal to W 147 St via to E 125 St via 103 20 Post Office 3 & Lexington Avs VESTRY STREET to W 63 St/Bway via Street 5 & Madison Avs 7 & 8 Avs VARICK STREET B= YORK ST AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS 6 only6 Canal Street Firehouse ACE LISPENARD STREET Canal Street D= LAIGHT STREET HOLLAND AT&T Building Chinatown JMZ CANAL STREET TUNNEL Most Precious EXIT Health Clinic Blood Church COLLISTER STREET CANAL STREET WEST STREET Beach NY Chinese B BEACH STStreet Baptist Church 51 Park WALKER STREET St Barbara Eldridge St Manhattan Express Bus Service Chinese Greek Orthodox Synagogue HUDSON STREET ®0= Merchants’ Fifth Police Church Precinct FORSYTH STREET 94 Association MOTT STREET First N œ0= to Lower Manhattan ERICSSON PolicePL Chinese BOWERY Confucius M Precinct ∑0= 140 Community Plaza Center 22 WHITE ST M HUBERT STREET M9 bus to M PIKE STREET X Grand Central Terminal to Chinatown84 Eastern States CHURCH STREET Buddhist Temple Union Square 9 15 BEACH STREET Franklin Civic of America 25 Furnace Center NY Chinatown M15 bus NORTH MOORE STREET WEST BROADWAY World Financial Center Synagogue BAXTER STREET Transfiguration Franklin Archive BROADWAY NY City Senior Center Kindergarten to E 126 St FINN Civil & BAYARD STREET Asian Arts School FRANKLIN PL Municipal via 1 & 2 Avs SQUARE STREET CENTRE Center X Street Courthouse Upper East Side to FRANKLIN STREET CORTLANDT ALLEY 1 Buddhist Temple PS 124 90 Criminal Kuan Yin World -
Lower Manhattan June 25 | 4 Pm – 8 Pm
PART OF THE RIVER TO RIVER FESTIVAL LOWER MANHATTAN JUNE 25 | 4 P.M. – 8 P.M. FREE NIGHTATTHEMUSEUMS.ORG visited visited visited African Burial Ground National Archives at NYC Municipal Archives National Monument New York City 31 Chambers Street (bet. Centre & Elk St.) 290 Broadway (bet. Duane & Reade St.) One Bowling Green (bet. Whitehall & State St.) nyc.gov/records nps.gov/afbg archives.gov/nyc Visitors can tour The Municipal Archives current exhibit, The Lung Block: A New York City Slum & Its The oldest and largest known excavated burial ground Connects visitors to our nation’s history. Our theme Forgotten Italian Immigrant Community. Join co- in North America for both free and enslaved Africans. is Revolutionaries and Rights and the historic strides curators Stefano Morello and Kerri Culhane at 6 p.m. It began to use in the 17th century but was only taken throughout history. Engage with costumed for an exploration of the history of immigrant housing rediscovered in 1991. The story is both of the Africans historical interpreters throughout the building. Stop and reform efforts in NYC at the start of the 20th whose holy place this was, but also the story of the into our Learning Center to discover many of the century through one community. Guests will also see modern-day New Yorkers who fought to honor these national treasures of New York, go on an “Archival a special preview of an upcoming exhibit with the ancestors. Programming: Tour the visitor center, view Adventure,” and pull archival facsimile documents Museum of American Finance opening this fall. -
July 15 All Around Low Er M Anhattan 2012 S Eason Festival G Uide R
June 17–July 15 all around Lower Manhattan 2012 Season Festival Guide RiverToRiverNYC.com Free to All River To River® Festival Dear Festivalgoers, Lower Manhattan is a neighborhood that encourages With support from many public exploration—off New York City’s geometric grid, its and private partners since 2002, iconic architecture, winding streets, and waterfront pleasures provide unexpected rewards for our residents, River To River Festival has become workers, and visitors. an essential component of Lower Lower Manhattan Cultural Council (LMCC), as the lead Manhattan’s vital and vibrant partner for the River To River Festival since 2011, is cultural life. privileged to work with our partners Arts Brookfield, Battery Park City Authority, and The Seaport to create a Each summer, the Festival activates more than 25 indoor cultural celebration that resonates with Lower and outdoor locations in the neighborhood with an Manhattan’s particular topography. The Festival’s unparalleled collection of music, dance, theater, visual program has its own icons, histories, and surprises. art, film, and participatory experiences by renowned and breakout artists from New York City and beyond. For River To River Festival is made possible by our sponsors. more than 100,000 attendees from around the region We express our deepest thanks to our Founding and and overseas, River To River Festival provides an intense Title Sponsor American Express, as well as the Alliance and rewarding way to experience Lower Manhattan’s for Downtown New York, The Port Authority of New waterfronts, parks, plazas, and other hidden treasures. York and New Jersey, The Lower Manhattan The Festival’s densely packed schedule of daytime, Development Corporation, HUD, and other underwriters. -
Day to Night
DAY TO NIGHT Extend the hours of activity along Water Street GOUVERNEUR LANE OBJECTIVES 1. Program open spaces with regular and seasonal events and public art 2. Illuminate pedestrian space and building facades 3. Provide publicly accessible Wi-Fi and other information technology Changes on Water Street should cultivate street life that extends beyond peak commuting hours. The re-envisioned street and plazas will offer a stage to extend activity into the evening, through the weekend and across the seasons. By generating new activity and building on the improvements being made in the surrounding areas, a coordinated framework for art and events will extend the presence of people, enhance the value of open space and reposition the role of Water Street in Lower Manhattan. EXISTING STREET ACTIVITY Activity on Water Street is dominated by office workers during commuting hours and at lunchtime on weekdays. The busiest intersections during rush hour are at the most convenient access points for public transportation: Fulton, Wall, Broad, and Whitehall streets, with up to 2,000 pedestrians crossing Water Street in one direction in an hour at Clockwise from top left: Sidewalk and POPS in front of 88 Pine; Public art in POPS at 88 Pine; Blank wall and parking garage at Water Street and Pine Street; Arcade at Hanover Square obscuring retail each intersection. Alliance for Downtown New York 41 During warmer months, office workers venture to public spaces and sidewalks where street vendors are set up. People gather outside to eat or socialize, whether on nearby benches or in those public plazas with ample sun, minimal wind, and vegetation, such as Old Slip and 100 Wall Street. -
The Architectural Evolution of Lower Manhattan from About 1880
The Architectural Evolution of Lower Manhattan From About 1880 Streets Completely or Partially Demapped Douglas R. McKibben . Barley Street. Circa 1797, the name of what was later Duane Street between Greenwich Street and Rose Street. By 1803, the part east of Centre Street was called Colden Street. Both Barley and Colden Streets were merged into Duane Street in 1809. Batavia (New Batavia) Street ran east from Roosevelt Street to James Street. Originally known as Batavia Lane, it was renamed Batavia Street in 1817. Closed in 1948 for the Alfred E. Smith Houses Bishop’s Lane An alley running from between 174 and 176 Chambers 102-106 Warren Street (S.S. Long & Brothers) Street south to between 102-100 NE corner (273-277) Washington Street Warren Street between Washington and Greenwich and Bishops Lane (right side of building) Streets. Eliminated about 1970 for urban renewal. circa 1906 See Tour 11 Section 1 S Photo by: Byron Company, collection of the Museum of the City of New York Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division, The New York Public Library. "Plate 5 " The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1916. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e208f3-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 Burling Slip was named Van Clyff's Slip in the 1690s and by the 1730s was also called Lyons Slip and Rodman's Slip. By 1757 it was Burling Slip Though filled in 1833, the resulting street from Pearl Street to the East River continued to be called Burling Slip until 1931, when it was made part of John Street and renumbered. Cedar Street which was named Little Queen Street until 1794. -
TM 3.1 Inventory of Affected Businesses
N E W Y O R K M E T R O P O L I T A N T R A N S P O R T A T I O N C O U N C I L D E M O G R A P H I C A N D S O C I O E C O N O M I C F O R E C A S T I N G POST SEPTEMBER 11TH IMPACTS T E C H N I C A L M E M O R A N D U M NO. 3.1 INVENTORY OF AFFECTED BUSINESSES: THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND AFTERMATH This study is funded by a matching grant from the Federal Highway Administration, under NYSDOT PIN PT 1949911. PRIME CONSULTANT: URBANOMICS 115 5TH AVENUE 3RD FLOOR NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10003 The preparation of this report was financed in part through funds from the Federal Highway Administration and FTA. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The contents of this report reflect the views of the author who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do no necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Federal Highway Administration, FTA, nor of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. T E C H N I C A L M E M O R A N D U M NO. -
FRAUNCES TAVERN BLOCK HISTORIC DISTRICT, Borough of Manhattan
FRAUNCES TAVERN BLOCK HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGNATION REPORT 1978 City of New York Edward I . Koch, Mayor Landmarks Preservation Commission Kent L. Barwick, Chairman Morris Ketchum, Jr., Vice Chairman Commissioners R. Michael Brown Thomas J. Evans Elisabeth Coit James Marston Fitch George R. Collins Marie V. McGovern William J. Conklin Beverly Moss Spatt FRAUNCES TAVERN BLOCK HISTORIC DISTRICT 66 - c 22 Water DESIGNATED NOV. 14, 1978 LANDMARKS PRESERVATION., COMMISSION FTB-HD Landmarks Preservation Commission November 14, 1978, Designation List 120 LP-0994 FRAUNCES TAVERN BLOCK HISTORIC DISTRICT, Borough of Manhattan BOUNDARIES The property bounded by the southern curb line of Pearl Street, the western curb line of Coenties Slip, the northern curb line of Water Street, and the eastern curb line of Broad Street, Manhattan. TESTIMONY AT THE PUBLIC HEARING On March 14, 1978, the Landmarks Preservation Commission held a public hearing on this area which is now proposed as an Historic District (Item No. 14). Three persons spoke in favor of the proposed designation. There were no speakers in opposition to designation. -1 FTB-HD Introduction The Fre.unces Tavern Block Historic District, bounded by Fearl, Broad, and Water Streets, and Coenties Slip, stands today as a vivid reminder of the early history and development of this section of Manhattan. Now a single block of low-rise commercial buildings dating from the 19th century--with the exception of the 18th-century Fraunces Tavern--it contrasts greatly with the modern office towers surrounding it. The block, which was created entirely on landfill, was the first extension of the Manhattan shoreline for commercial purposes, and its development involved some of New York's most prominent families. -
27 Whitehall Street FINANCIAL DISTRICT | Full Floor Office Space
27 Whitehall Street FINANCIAL DISTRICT | Full Floor Office Space SPACE DETAILS: PREMISES: 2,289 RSF LOCATION: Southeast corner of Whitehall and Bridge Streets FLOOR: 4th floor RENT: $7,500 / month TERM: Flexible COMMENTS: Full floor office space in elevator building in the heart of the Financial District. This space has four large offices, two workstations, a large conference room, and two private bathrooms. Arranged occupancy December 1st, or January 1st. Furniture can be made available. Located one block from South Ferry and Stone Street. FOR MORE INFORMATION: Demetri Ganiaris GANIARIS REALTY GROUP +1 (917) 658 2563 | [email protected] All information is from sources deemed reliable. No representation is made as to the accuracy thereof, and such information is subject to errors, omission, changes or withdrawal without notice. All square footage and dimensions are approximate. 27 Whitehall Street FINANCIAL DISTRICT | Full Floor Office Space FOR MORE INFORMATION: Demetri Ganiaris GANIARIS REALTY GROUP +1 (917) 658 2563 | [email protected] All information is from sources deemed reliable. No representation is made as to the accuracy thereof, and such information is subject to errors, omission, changes or withdrawal without notice. All square footage and dimensions are approximate. GRAND STREET CANAL STREET CANAL STREET HOWARD STREET WOOSTER STREET Y GREENE STREET A ASHINGTON STREET ASHINGTON W W MERCER STREET CANAL STREET S BROAD A C ATTS STREET I W R E M HUDSON STREET HUDSON A E LISPENARD STREET H T F O E Y STREET -
South Street Seaport
A Guide to Historic New York City Neighborhoods S OUTH S TREET S E A P O RT MANHATTAN SOUTH STREET SEAPORT Located in lower Manhattan along the East River waterfront, the South Street Seaport provides a pivotal connection to New York City’s early days as a center of maritime industry. Indeed, the city’s settlement and growth were inextricably linked to its success, and this history remains embodied in the area’s low-scale, early 19th century commercial buildings, as well as its historic piers and streets, complete with The Historic Districts Council is New York’s citywide advocate for historic buildings and historic Belgian blocks. neighborhoods. The Six to Celebrate program annually identifies six historic New York City The area around Peck Slip was for centuries a Native American trading destination; neighborhoods that merit preservation as priorities for HDC’s advocacy and consultation its proximity to Long Island and the presence of a cove made this a natural landing over a yearlong period. point for canoes, linking footpaths on either side of the East River. Settlers of New Amsterdam took advantage of this geography by establishing the colony’s first official The six, chosen from applications submitted by community organizations, are selected on the ferry service in 1642, linking Brooklyn to what became Peck Slip. The marshy shoreline basis of the architectural and historic merit of the area, the level of threat to the neighborhood, was once peppered with inlets that became docks and wharves for the shipping the strength and willingness of the local advocates, and the potential for HDC’s preservation industry, and the ferry service allowed for the transportation of agricultural goods support to be meaningful. -
January 21, 2021: COVID-19 Update
Total Passenger Count HTA COVID-19 UPDATE (excluding flights from Canada) (Issued: 1/21/21 @ 4:30pm) 50,000 Reason for Trip by Arrival 40,000 Honolulu Kahului Kona Lihue Grand Airport - Transpacific Screened 30,000 (HNL) (OGG) (KOA) (LIH) Total Passengers as of 01/20/21 20,000 Airline Crew 363 180 85 7 635 10,000 Connecting Flight (Transit) 275 12 4 1 292 - Corporate Meeting 3 4 2 0 9 Essential Worker 89 30 8 3 130 Honeymoon 3 3 2 0 8 Incentive Trip 1 2 0 0 3 Intended Resident 105 23 16 0 144 2019 2020 2021 Military or Federal Government 186 2 1 3 192 Other 49 24 9 0 82 Domestic Passenger Count Other Business 61 23 14 2 100 40,000 Pleasure/Vacation 1,363 1,542 476 25 3,406 Returning Resident 789 132 77 17 1,015 30,000 Sports Event 18 0 0 0 18 20,000 To Attend School 15 0 1 0 16 10,000 To Get Married 7 2 0 0 9 Transit 1 0 0 0 1 - Visiting Friends or Relatives 503 147 126 7 783 Grand Total 3,831 2,126 821 65 6,843 Source: Safe Travels program developed by the State of Hawaii Office of Enterprise Technology Services Note: The data is preliminary and subject to change 2019 2020 2021 Footnotes for COVID-19 Cases Novel Coronavirus in Hawaii COVID-19 Positive Cases *As a result of updated information, one case on Oahu was International Passenger Count removed from the counts.