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Methods Used in Tieback Wall Design and Construction to Prevent Local Anchor Failure, Progressive Anchorage Failure, and Ground Mass Stability Failure Ralph W

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Methods Used in Tieback Wall Design and Construction to Prevent Local Anchor Failure, Progressive Anchorage Failure, and Ground Mass Stability Failure Ralph W ERDC/ITL TR-02-11 Innovations for Navigation Projects Research Program Methods Used in Tieback Wall Design and Construction to Prevent Local Anchor Failure, Progressive Anchorage Failure, and Ground Mass Stability Failure Ralph W. Strom and Robert M. Ebeling December 2002 echnology Laboratory Information T Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Innovations for Navigation Projects ERDC/ITL TR-02-11 Research Program December 2002 Methods Used in Tieback Wall Design and Construction to Prevent Local Anchor Failure, Progressive Anchorage Failure, and Ground Mass Stability Failure Ralph W. Strom 9474 SE Carnaby Way Portland, OR 97266 Concord, MA 01742-2751 Robert M. Ebeling Information Technology Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199 Final report Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 Under INP Work Unit 33272 ABSTRACT: A local failure that spreads throughout a tieback wall system can result in progressive collapse. The risk of progressive collapse of tieback wall systems is inherently low because of the capacity of the soil to arch and redistribute loads to adjacent ground anchors. The current practice of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is to design tieback walls and ground anchorage systems with sufficient strength to prevent failure due to the loss of a single ground anchor. Results of this investigation indicate that the risk of progressive collapse can be reduced by using performance tests, proof tests, extended creep tests, and lift-off tests to ensure that local anchor failures will not occur and to ensure the tieback wall system will meet all performance objectives; by using yield line (i.e., limit state) analysis to ensure that failure of a single anchor will not lead to progressive failure of the tieback wall system; by verifying (by limiting equilibrium analysis) that the restraint force provided by the tieback anchors provides an adequate margin of safety against an internal stability failure; and by verifying (by limiting equilibrium analysis) that the anchors are located a sufficient distance behind the wall face to provide an adequate margin of safety against external stability (ground mass) failure. Design measures that can be used to protect against local anchor failure are described, along with testing methods that can be used to ensure that anchor performance meets project performance objectives. Examples are given to demonstrate the yield line analysis techniques that are used to verify that the wall system under the “failed anchor” condition can safely deliver loads to adjacent anchors and to ensure that the failure of a single anchor will not lead to progressive wall failure are. Limiting equilibrium analysis procedures used for the internal and external stability of tieback wall systems are also described. Simple procedures applicable to “dry” homogeneous sites and general-purpose slope stability programs applicable to layered sites (with and without a water table) are also illustrated by example. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN IT IS NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN TO THE ORIGINATOR. Contents Preface................................................................................................................................ vi Conversion Factors, Non-SI to SI Units of Measurement ................................................ vii 1—Introduction................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Preventing Progressive Anchor System Failure−Corps Practice................... 1-1 1.2 Preventing Progressive Collapse of Tieback Wall Systems .......................... 1-1 2—Preventing Local Anchor Failures ............................................................................. 2-1 2.1 General........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Ground Anchor Design.................................................................................. 2-1 2.2.1 Maximum design load.......................................................................... 2-1 2.2.2 Ground anchor lock-off load................................................................ 2-2 2.2.3 Verifying lock-off loads through lift-off testing.................................. 2-3 2.3 Acceptance Criteria........................................................................................ 2-3 2.3.1 Creep.................................................................................................... 2-4 2.3.2 Apparent free length ............................................................................ 2-4 2.4 Ground Anchor Acceptance Decision Tree ................................................... 2-5 2.4.1 Anchors that pass apparent free-length criterion ................................. 2-6 2.4.2 Anchors that fail minimum apparent free-length criterion .................. 2-6 2.5 Modification of Design or Installation Procedures........................................ 2-7 3—Anchor Testing........................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 General........................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Details ............................................................................................................ 3-2 3.2.1 Concepts for monitoring anchor bond zone capacity .......................... 3-3 3.2.2 Anchor load testing.............................................................................. 3-3 4—Preventing Progressive Anchor Failure ..................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Wall Evaluation............................................................................................. 4-3 4.2.1 Flexural capacity of CIP facing ........................................................... 4-3 iii 4.2.2 Shear capacity of CIP facing................................................................ 4-4 4.2.3 Punching shear capacity of soldier beam headed-stud to CIP facing connection.............................................................................. 4-4 4.2.4 Tensile strength capacity of headed-stud connections......................... 4-5 4.2.5 Flexural capacity of soldier beams ...................................................... 4-5 4.3 Anchor Evaluation......................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.1 Tensile capacity of anchors.................................................................. 4-7 4.3.2 Pullout capacity of grout/ground bond ................................................ 4-7 4.3.3 Pullout capacity of tendon/grout bond................................................. 4-7 4.4 Defensive Design Considerations.................................................................. 4-7 4.4.1 Redundant load paths and cap beams .................................................. 4-8 4.4.2 Ductile members and connections ....................................................... 4-9 4.4.3 Quality of design, materials, and construction..................................... 4-9 4.5 Research and Development Needs .............................................................. 4-10 5—Internal and External Stability ................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................5-1 5.2 Factors of Safety for Internal and External Stability Evaluations ................. 5-2 5.3 Evaluation of Internal Stability...................................................................... 5-2 5.4 Evaluation of External Stability..................................................................... 5-3 5.5 Use of GPSS Programs for Evaluating Internal and External Stability......... 5-4 5.6 Internal Stability of Anchored Wall Systems–Analysis Details.................... 5-4 5.6.1 Simplified limiting equilibrium approach............................................ 5-5 5.6.2 CSLIDE................................................................................................ 5-5 5.6.3 UTEXAS4............................................................................................ 5-7 5.7 External Stability of Anchored Wall Systems–Analysis Details .................. 5-8 5.7.1 Simplified limiting equilibrium approach............................................ 5-8 5.7.2 CSLIDE................................................................................................ 5-9 5.7.3 UTEXAS4.......................................................................................... 5-10 5.8 Cohesive Soils.............................................................................................. 5-10 5.9 Summary
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