PACIFIC NW NATIVE FOR WESTERN GARDENS 2020 Growing conditions Size Flowers Fruit Wildlife Uses Trees 1 Acer circinatum Shade or moist sun. Prefers 25' White flowers w/ red Samaras appear in Bees; birds eat seeds; Vine maple moist shade. sepals in spring. summer. larval . Deciduous. Pretty tree in all seasons. Use singly or in masses. Does well in shade of conifers. Good soil binding qualities. 2 Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Sun or partial shade. 60’ yellow cedar Evergreen. Slow growing. 3 Pinus contorta var.contorta Sun, partial shade. Adaptable, 60’ in Birds & mammals eat Shore pine wet to well-drained soil, tolerant landscapes. seeds. of poor nutrients. Evergreen. 4 Tsuga mertensiana Sun or partial shade. 20-30’ in Seeds eaten by birds, Mountain hemlock landscapes. chipmunks, & squirrels. Evergreen. Slow growing, to keep small don’t water or fertilize once established. Shrubs 5 Amelanchier alnifolia Sun or partial shade, dry to 3-15' Fragrant white flowers Sweet, edible purple Butterflies; hummingbirds; Serviceberry moderate moisture. in late spring. berries. birds; larval plant. Deciduous. Sun, dry soils best. Berries used by Native Americans in pemmican. Grows on rocky slopes .Nice fall foliage. 6 Cornus sericea Moist sun or shade. 15' Early summer white White, blue-tinged Butterflies; birds eat aka Cornus stolonifera flowers. berries. Edible. berries; larval plant. Red-osier dogwood Deciduous. Prized for winter twig color; spreads readily in moist soil. Cuttings root readily; layers readily. Good soil binding capability. 7 Corylus cornuta Sun to shade, dry to moist. 3-12’ Yellow catkins in late Edible nuts. Birds & squirrels eat nuts. Beaked hazelnut Deciduous. winter. 8 Gaultheria shallon Sun or shade, most soil types, 2-7’ Pink spring flowers. Blue berries edible. Berries eaten by birds & Salal preferably dry shade. mammals; larval plant. Evergreen. Slow to establish, but the spreads easily. Good for soil binding. Spreads by rhizomes. 9 Holodiscus discolor Sun or partial shade, dry to moist. 10-15’ White summer flowers. Seeds persist through Hummingbirds; birds; Oceanspray Well drained soil. winter. larval plant; deer browse. Deciduous. Nice background plant. Good soil binding capability, does well on disturbed sites. 10 Lonicera ciliosa Partial shade to shade. Vine, 10-20' Orange tubular Orange-red berries Hummingbirds; birds eat Orange honeysuckle flowers in late spring. berries. Deciduous. Widely twining, branching vine. 11 Lonicera hispidula Sun to partial shade. Vine, 10-20' Pinkish purple flowers Red berries, not edible. Hummingbirds; birds eat Hairy honeysuckle in late spring. berries. Evergreen. Widely branching vine. 12 Lonicera involucrata Sun to partial shade, moist soil. 10’ Twin yellow flowers in Black twin berries, not Hummingbirds; birds eat Black twinberry Deciduous. summer. edible. berries. p.1 Growing conditions Size Flowers Fruit Wildlife Uses 13 Mahonia aquifolium Sun or shade, dry to moderate 5-10’ Yellow flowers in Blue berries edible. Bees; butterflies; aka Berberis aquifolium moisture. early spring. birds;mammals; larval Tall grape Evergreen. Colorful in all seasons. Use as hedge or individually. Prune plant. lightly in fall. 14 Mahonia nervosa Prefers shade, can take some 2’ Yellow flowers in Blue berries edible. Bees; butterflies; birds & aka Berberis nervosa sun. early spring. mammals eat berries. Low Oregon grape Evergreen. Can be low maintenance ground cover, no pruning needed. Colorful in all seasons 15 Myrica californica Sun or partial shade. Likes peaty, 15’ Insignificant flowers. Purplish, waxy fruits in Birds eat fruits. wax myrtle acid, well-drained soil. fall. Evergreen. Ideal where tolerance to salt spray needed. 16 Oemleria cerasiformis Sun or shade, moist to 5-15’ Very early white Bluish-black edible Hummingbirds; birds Indian plum somewhat dry soil. spring flowers. 'plums'. devour fruits. Deciduous. Best in woodland garden or as background planting. 17 Oplopanax horridus Moist to wet shade or partial 3-10’ Umbels of greenish- Bright red summer Birds & amimals Devil’s club shade. white spring flowers. berries. devour fruits. Deciduous. Spines on leaves and stems can be painful to encounter. 18 Penstemon cardwellii Sun, light shade; well-drained 4-12" Blue-violet late spring Bees; butterflies; Cardwell's penstemon soil flowers. hummingbirds. Evergreen. Forms mats. 19 Penstemon davidsonii Sun or partial shade, well-drained 2-4" Large blue to purple Bees; butterflies; Davidson’s penstemon soil. spring or summer flowers. hummingbirds. Evergreen. Low & shrubby herb, forms dense mats. 20 Penstemon fruticosus Sun, light shade; well-drained 6-15” Purple flowers in late Bees; butterflies; Lowbush pentsemon soil. spring. hummingbirds. Evergreen. Compact, nice foilage. 21 Philadelphus lewisii Sun or shade, dry to moderate 5 - 10' Showy, fragrant white Butterflies; birds eat Mock orange moisture. flowers in summer. seeds; larval plant. Deciduous. Highly adaptable plant. Can take a while to flower. 22 Physocarpus capitatus Sun or partial shade. Tolerates 12-15' White clusters in Butterflies; birds eat Pacific ninebark most soil conditions. spring & summer. seeds. Deciduous. Good for streambank planting. Attractive bark provides winter interest. 23 Rhododendron macrophyllum Sun, but best in partial shade; To 25’ Pale pink to deep Bees; butterflies. Pacific rhododendron good drainage; moist acid soil. rose flowers in spring. Evergreen. 24 Ribes sanguineum Sun or partial shade, prefers. 3-12’ Early spring flowers Blue-black berries with Hummingbirds; birds; Red-flowering currant dryish soil. (March). waxy white 'bloom'. larval plant. Deciduous. Early flowers. 25 Sambucus racemosa Sun to shade. To 20' White flowers in Red summer berries. Butterflies; hummingbirds; Red elderberry spring. birds; mammals. Deciduous. Best in wild part of garden. Grows fast once established, Self-seeds. Plants are not long-lived. good soil binder, good background plant. p. 2

Growing conditions Size Flowers Fruit Wildlife Uses 26 Spiraea splendens Sun to partial shade, moist soil. 24-30” Pink summer flowers. aka Spiraea densiflora Subalpine spirea Deciduous. Good rock garden plant in moist spot. 27 Symphoricarpos albus Dry to moist sun or partial 2-6’ Small pinkish flowers White berries persist Bees; hummingbird; birds; Snowberry shade. Tolerates drier sites. in late spring through winter. larval plant. Deciduous. Flowers insignificant. Berries colorful in winter. Can form thickets. 28 Vaccinium ovatum Dry to moist shade; partial to 3-15’ Pinkish white spring Delicious blue-black Hummingbirds;bees; Evergreen huckleberry full sun. flowers. berries hold into fall. butterflies; birds. Evergreen. New leaves red-tinged. Will self-seed sparingly. Slow grower. 29 Vaccinium parvifolium Dry to moist shade, partial sun. 4-10’ Pinkish or greenish Red summer berries Bees; butterflies; Red huckleberry spring flowers. good in jelly & muffins. hummingbirds; birds. Deciduous.. Depends on mycorrhizal fungi, e.g. on logs & stumps. 30 Viburnum edule Sun, partial shade, moist. 2-10’ White spring flowers. Bright red berries in Butterflies; birds & High bush cranberry fall, edible. mammals eat fruit. Deciduous. Brilliant fall color. Best in organic soils. Great wildlife plant. Groundcovers 31 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Sun, some shade; well-drained 8” tall, 12’ Pinkish flowers in Red berries hold into Bees; butterflies; birds & Kinnikinnick soil. Grows well on dry sites. wide spring. winter, edible. mammals eat berries. Evergreen. Needs sun, poor soil ok. Good for dry places, stabilizing steep banks. Can walk on some. 32 Asarum caudatum Shady moist, rich soil To 4" Purple-brown, spring. Wild ginger Evergreen. Can form large mats. Protect from slugs. Spreads moderately. 33 Cornus unalaschkensis Moist shade to partial sun, 2-10” White petal-like bracts Red berries in summer. Birds eat fruit. Bunchberry humus-rich soil. in spring. Semi-evergreen. Need to plant in soil with rotting wood or bark Spreads slowly. 34 Fragaria chiloensis Sun, part shade; dry to 1-3” White spring flowers. Red berries edible. Bees; butterflies; birds & Beach strawberry moderate moisture. small mammals eat fruit. Evergreen. Nice ground cover, can mow & walk on. Has sand-binding Sends out runners which root readily. quality, but good inland. 35 Linnaea borealis Moist shade to partial sun. Low (1”) Twin white flowers, Twinflower late spring. Evergreen. Spreads readily by stolons. Sends out runners which root readily. 36 Maianthemum dilatatum Moist shade to partial shade. 3-12” White spring flowers. Light green, mottled Birds eat berries. False lily-of-the-valley brown berries turn red. Disappears in winter. Plant only where you want it to spread! Can spread aggressively. p.3 Growing conditions Size Flowers Fruit Wildlife Uses 37 Oxalis oregana Dry or moist shade to partial 2-6" White with red veins, Redwood sorrel shade. or pink; late spring. Disappears in winter. Light green, clover-live leaves. Spreads rapidly in Spreads aggressively under the right shade & humus-rich soil. Will grow in very dry sites, like under cedar conditions. 38 Vancouveria hexandra Shade to partial sun, moist to dry. 4-16" White, spring. Inside-out flower Deciduous. Nice ground cover in semi-shade. Good between rhodie,salal. Spreads. Ferns 39 Adiantum aleuticum Moist, partial shade. 12-30” aka Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair fern Deciduous. Clustered, erect and spreading. Delicate, lacy fronds. Will self-seed moderately. 40 Blechnum spicant Dry shade or moist sun. 8-30” Deer fern Evergreen. Distinctive upright fertile fronds. Will self-seed moderately. 41 Polystichum munitum Moist sun to dry shade. 2' to 5' Sword fern Evergreen. Use individually or as ground cover. Old fronds can be cut Can be divided, transplants easily. Self- off in late winter, but it is not necessary. seeds moderately. Herbaceous & Accents 42 Achlys triphylla Shade, partial shade. 4-12” White spring flowers. Vanilla leaf Disappears in winter. Can form dense ground cover in shady garden. 43 Allium cernuum Sun or partial shade. To 18” Pink nodding heads Bees; butterflies. Nodding onion in summer. Evergreen. An easy chive-like native onion. Good rockery plant, good in pots. Self-seeds readily. 44 Aquilegia formosa Sun or partial shade. 3’ Red & yellow flowers Hummingbirds; birds eat Western columbine in summer. seeds. Disappears in winter. Will hybridize with non-native columbines if Easily grown from seed. planted nearby. 45 Aruncus dioicus Moist shade or partial shade. 3-6’ White flowers in late Bees; butterflies; aka Aruncus sylvester spring. hummingbirds. Goatsbeard Disappears in winter. Male & female flowers on separate plants - male Must have male & female plants, then will plants have best flowers. self-seed readily. 46 Camassia leichtlinii Sun; moist soil in winter, but 2-3’ Blue flowers in spring. Great camas dry soil in summer. Disappears in winter. Does best in heavy soils. 47 Camassia quamash Sun; moist soil in winter, but 1-2’ Blue flowers in spring. Common camas dry soil in summer. Disappears in winter. Does best in heavy soils. 48 Campanula rotundifolia Sun. 6-20" Blue summer flowers Bees; butterflies; Harebell hummingbirds. Perennial. Grows easily from seed. 49 Dicentra formosa Shade to partial shade. 6-20” Pink flowers in spring. Pollinating insects; Pacific bleeding heart hummingbirds; larval Disappears in winter. Spreads, not aggressively, to form delicate carpet. Spreads readily. plant. looking carpet. p.4

Growing conditions Size Flowers Fruit Wildlife Uses 50 Erigeron glaucus Sun, partial shade. 8-12" Lavendar summer Butterflies. Seaside daisy Evergreen. flowers. 51 Erigeron philadelphicus Moist sun to partial shade. Fluffy pink flowers in Butterflies. Philadelphia fleabane mid-summer. Evergreen. A spectacular fleabane often in moist to wet ditches in Self-seeds moderately. shade. Attractive scalloped basal leaves in large clumps. 52 Eriophyllum lanatum Dry sun, partial shade. 4-8". Yellow flowers, late spring. Butterflies. Woolly sunflower Semi-evergreen. Long-lasting flowers. Forms mat. 53 Erythronium oregonum Sun, partial shade. Moist 4-18” White spring flowers. White fawn lily Disappears in winter. Good in woodland garden. Good in masses. 54 Heuchera micrantha Moist partial shade. Flower stalks Small white flowers Hummingbirds. Small-flowered alumroot to 24" on stalk in spring. Evergreen. Effective in rock or woodland garden, perennial beds. Can be divided. Self-seeds moderately. Other Heucheras: Heuchera glabra (Smooth alumroot), Heuchera grossulariifolia (Currant-leaf alumroot) 55 Iris tenax Sun to partial shade, wet to dry. 18" Purple to white Oregon iris summer flowers. Evergreen. Clumps spread & can be divided. 56 Sun to partial shade, well-drained Flower stalks Pink & white flowers Columbia lewisia soil. to 12”. on stalks. Evergreen. Great in rock gardens, can be grown in pots. Other Lewisias: (Siskiyou lewisia), Lewisia tweedyi (Tweedy's lewisia) 57 Lysichiton americanus Wet partial shade. 1-4’ Yellow spathe Skunk cabbage surrounds flower stalk. 58 Maianthemum racemosum Partial to full shade, humus- 1-3’ White spring flowers. Red, sometimes dotted, Birds eat berries. aka Smilicina racemosa rich soil. berries. Great false Solomon's seal Disappears in winter. Good ornamental, often used as an accent. 59 Maianthemum stellatum Shade to partial shade, moist. 8-24” Small white starlike Green-yellow berries Birds eat berries. aka Smilicina stellata flowers. turn blue-black. Star-flwrd false solomon’s seal Disappears in winter. Often used to ‘carpet’ an area as a groundcover. Can spread aggressively. 60 Mimulus guttatus Moist sun or partial shade. 6-30” Yellow, late spring. Yellow monkey-flower Perennial. Good in seeps, spreads readily. Shower of flowers in wet, Spreads. sunny site. 61 Prosartes hookeri Shade to part shade, loamy to 30" White bell-shaped, Bright orange-red aka Disporum hookeri soil. late spring. summer berries. Hooker's fairybells Disappears in winter. Spreads by rhizomes. 62 Sedum oreganum Dry sun to partial shade. 1-2”, flowers Yellow spring flowers. Bees; butterflies. Oregon stonecrop to 8” Evergreen. Quick & easy groundcover, even on moss-covered rocks. Broken off pieces of plant take root. Sedums are easy rock garden plants. 63 Sedum spathulifolium Dry sun to partial shade. 1-2”, flowers Yellow spring flowers. Bees; butterflies; larval Broad-leaved stonecrop to 8” plant. Evergreen. Quick & easy in dry gravelly soils, likes exposed rocky sites Broken off pieces of plant take root. with coarse soils. p.5 Growing conditions Size Flowers Fruit Wildlife Uses 64 Sisyrinchium californicum Sun or partial shade. Well- To 16" Yellow spring flowers. Golden-eyed grass drained soil, performs with water. Evergreen. Showy tufted plants with long narrow leaves. Clumps increase in size; self-seeds readily. 65 Sisyrinchium idahoense Shade or partial shade. Well- 6-8” Blue summer flowers. Blue-eyed grass drained soil, performs with water. Disappears in winter. Forms clumps. Clumps increase in size; self-seeds 66 Tellima grandiflora Moist shade or partial shade. 15-30” Greenish white, spring Fringecup Evergreen. flowers. Self-seeds moderately. 67 Tiarella trifoliata Moist shade or partial shade. 6-24” White spring flowers. Foamflower Evergreen. Pretty when planted in masses. Self-seeds moderately. 68 Tolmiea menziesii Moist shade or partial shade. 6-12” Small brown, spring. Piggy-back plant Evergreen. New leaves grow on top of old. Also house plant. Spreads and self-seeds moderately. 69 Trillium ovatum Partial shade, shade. 6-18” White, early spring. Western trillium Disappears in winter. Typically takes 7 years from seed to flower! 70 Xerophyllum tenax Moist sun, well drained soil. 8-12", flowers White flowers in Beargrass to 4-5'. late spring. Evergreen. Does not always flower. SUGGESTED REFERENCES: Web Sites Washington Native Plant Society (esp. Starflower Resources) www.wnps.org King County (sample landscape plans & plant lists) green2.kingcounty.gov/gonative/index.aspx UW Burke Herbarium burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/plants-and-fungi/imagecollection.php Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife www.wdfw.wa.gov/species-habitats/living/backyard National Wildlife Federation www.nwf.org/backyard/ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center www.wildflower.org

Books Gardening with Natives ‘Native Plants in the Coastal Garden' by (2002) by April Pettinger w/ Brenda Costanzo ‘Encyclopedia of Northwest Native Plants for Gardens and Landscapes’ (2008) by Kathleen A. Robson, Alice Richter, & Marianne Filbert 'Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest' (2019) by Arthur Kruckeberg & Linda Chalker-Scott 'Landscaping for Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest' (1999) by Russell Link ‘Living with Wildlife’ (2004) by Russell Link Field Guides 'Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast' (1994) by Pojar and MacKinnon ‘Wildflowers of the Pacific Northwest’ (2006) by Mark Turner & Phyllis Gustafson ‘Trees and Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest’ (2014) by Mark Turner & Ellen Kuhlmann

(copyright by Washington Native Plant Society, permission given to copy for personal use)

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