Chiropractic Subject Headings Fifth Edition Edited by Ann Kempke Technical Services Librarian, Northwestern Health Sciences University and Bethyn A. Boni Associate Librarian, Media, New York Chiropractic College © 2006 Chiropractic Library Consortium Table of Contents Introduction and Instructions for Use ~ 3 New Headings in the Fifth Edition ~ 8 Changed and Deleted Headings in the Fifth Edition ~ 12 Chiropractic Subject Headings ~ 14 2 Introduction and Instructions for Use Changes to the Fifth Edition Using MeSH With ChiroSH Using Publication Types Using Personal and Corporate Names as Subject Headings Definition of “See” References Helpful Resources To Suggest a New Heading for Inclusion in ChiroSH Chiropractic Subject Headings (ChiroSH) is a thesaurus developed by librarians at chiropractic college libraries, intended for use by indexers for the Index to Chiropractic Literature (ICL) and by catalogers at chiropractic and natural health sciences libraries. The first draft of the thesaurus was developed from the subject authority files of the Texas Chiropractic College and Northwestern College of Chiropractic libraries, the subject thesaurus included in the first volume of CRAC: Chiropractic Research Abstracts Collection, and the subject lists included in ICL. ChiroSH is intended to be used in conjunction with the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), published by the National Library of Medicine. Several ChiroSH headings are based upon MeSH headings, but most ChiroSH headings are unique to this thesaurus. Chiropractic terms with established medical headings are provided with “See” references to direct users to MeSH, where they will find scope notes, accepted subheadings (qualifiers), and cross references. Changes to the Fifth Edition Several changes were made to the Fifth Edition of ChiroSH. Most notable is the switch from “Technic” to “Technique” for named chiropractic technique headings. This change brings ChiroSH in line with MeSH, which abandoned the use of “Technic” for “Technique” in the 1990s. It also reflects current chiropractic terminology. Personal and corporate names have been removed from this edition of ChiroSH. With free, online access to the name authority files at the National Library of Medicine and the Library of Congress, including them in this thesaurus is redundant. (See Using Personal and Corporate Names as Subject Headings and Helpful Resources for more information.) Many new headings were added to the Fifth Edition, mostly to cover the various named chiropractic techniques. Other headings were removed from the Fifth Edition, including those unique to other disciplines and those that had never been 3 used in ICL and whose definition couldn’t be found. Some ChiroSH headings were changed to reflect the current structure of parallel MeSH headings. A few headings that used to be unique to ChiroSH have recently been added to MeSH; in these cases, the ChiroSH heading directs users to MeSH with a “See” reference. See New Headings in the Fifth Edition and Changed and Deleted Headings in the Fifth Edition for a list of the most recent changes to this edition of ChiroSH. Using MeSH with ChiroSH ChiroSH is designed to be used in conjunction with MeSH. Choosing to use only ChiroSH headings when indexing or cataloging is certainly an option, but combining ChiroSH main headings with MeSH subheadings (“qualifiers”) allows indexers and catalogers to construct more precise headings. Several ChiroSH headings are based upon MeSH headings. Example: Chiropractic Audit Review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel for evaluating quality of chiropractic care. (Based upon the MeSH definition of Medical Audit.) When applying the ChiroSH heading Chiropractic Audit to a citation or catalog record, the MeSH heading Medical Audit could be consulted for a list of accepted qualifiers. If the indexer or cataloger wishes to add a qualifier to the heading Chiropractic Audit, she may pick an appropriate qualifier from the list under Medical Audit, and apply it to Chiropractic Audit. Any ChiroSH heading that is based upon a MeSH heading may be built in this manner. Searching for parallel terms in MeSH will yield more options when applying qualifiers to ChiroSH terms. Example: Chiropractic Staff, Hospital has a parallel MeSH term: Personnel, Hospitals. Qualifiers approved for use with Personnel, Hospitals may be applied to Chiropractic Staff, Hospital. 4 Rules regarding the proper application of MeSH headings should be followed when building ChiroSH headings. This includes the proper order of subheadings, the application of geographic subheadings, and the use of age groups and pregnancy subheadings. (Indexers should see the Help Files in ICL for specific instructions regarding the application of age groups to a main heading.) Note: In developing ChiroSH headings and scope notes that are based upon MeSH headings, the editors consulted the 2006 edition of the Medical Subject Headings, ©National Library of Medicine. Slight modifications were made in the content to adapt headings and scope notes for use by the chiropractic and natural health care library community. Using Publication Types MeSH has a lengthy list of allowable publication types that may be used when cataloging or indexing. When indexing, see the Help Files in ICL for specific instructions on applying publication types to citations. When cataloging, any MeSH publication type may be added to a ChiroSH heading unless it is annotated “CATALOG: do not use” or “Not used for indexing or cataloging” or there is an annotation restricting usage such as “CATALOG: do not use for current materials” in the heading’s MeSH record. Using Personal and Corporate Names as Subject Headings Although personal and corporate names were removed from this edition of ChiroSH, they may still be used as subject headings. When using a personal or corporate name as a subject heading, indexers and catalogers should select an approved name heading from a national database, if one exists. The name authority files at the National Library of Medicine and the Library of Congress will list the most complete, up-to-date form of some name headings. Access to these authority files is free. If the desired name heading is not included in either national authority file, the cataloger or indexer should search ICL to see if another indexer has already used the name in question as a subject. If so, the name heading should be applied in exactly the same way to the current indexing or cataloging as it was originally used in ICL. 5 If the name cannot be found in either name authority file or in ICL, a new heading should be created, following the rules set forth for constructing name headings in Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition, 2002 revision, chapters 22 and 24. Definition of “See” Resources Many ChiroSH headings include “see” references. They operate according to the following definitions: See: The heading in question is not an accepted heading; use the heading following “See” instead. Used For: The heading in question is an accepted heading. “Used For” references show the user unaccepted alternative headings. (The heading following “Used For” will also be listed in ChiroSH, but with a “See” reference under it to the accepted heading.) See Related: The heading in question is an accepted heading. “See Related” headings may also be pertinent headings; they are merely suggestions for consideration if the cataloger or indexer wishes to broaden or narrow subject coverage of an item or citation. Helpful Resources In addition to this thesaurus, the following resources may be helpful when selecting subject headings for cataloging or indexing: • Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html • “Introduction to MeSH” (includes information about the application of qualifiers and publication types and the proper order of subheadings): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/introduction2006.html • NLM LocatorPlus (the online catalog of the National Library of Medicine, which includes access to name authority files): http://130.14.16.150/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First • Library of Congress name authority file: http://authorities.loc.gov/ • PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed 6 • Index to Chiropractic Literature: www.chiroindex.org • Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (2nd ed., 2002 revision). Chicago: American Library Association. To Suggest a New Heading for Inclusion in ChiroSH ChiroSH, like other subject thesauri, is a dynamic resource. As new topics work their way into the literature, new headings must be constructed in order to reflect these developments. Also, technique names were as accurate as the editors could verify at the time of publication. Suggestions for new headings or corrections for existing headings, with documentation, should be sent to the Subject Headings Committee: Ann Kempke, [email protected] Bethyn Boni, [email protected] Suggestions are welcomed. ~Ann Kempke and Bethyn A. Boni 7 New Headings in the Fifth Edition August, 2006 Access Seminars Advanced BioStructural Correction Advanced Muscle Palpation Alphabiotics Alternative Chiropractic Adjustments Applied Chiropractic Distortion Analysis Applied Spinal Biomechanical Engineering Applied Upper Cervical Biomechanics Aquarian Age Healing Baastrup’s Sign Bandy Seminars Bio Cranial System Bio-Geometric Integration Bio-Polarity Technique Bioenergetics Biomagnetic Technique BioSET Blair Upper Cervical Technique Bloodless Surgery Blye Cranial Technique Body Integration