A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar's Gallic Wars

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar's Gallic Wars A Correlation of A Call to Conquest Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars Student Edition isbn: 978-0-13-320521-3 To the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements AP® is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars to the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements Table of Contents Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements for Reading and Comprehending .... 3 Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements for Translation ............................. 12 Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements for Contextualization ................... 14 Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements for Analysis of Texts .................... 20 Copyright © 2020 Savvas Learning Company LLC All Rights Reserved. Savvas™ and Savvas Learning Company™ are the exclusive trademarks of Savvas Learning Company LLC in the US and in other countries. 2 A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars to the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements AP Latin Curriculum Framework A Call to Conquest Learning Objectives Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Evidence Statements Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements for Reading and Comprehending Primary Objective: The student reads and comprehends Latin poetry and prose from selected authors with appropriate assistance. The student demonstrates knowledge of Latin vocabulary in reading passages. definition of Latin words and idioms The program provides extensive opportunities for students to understand, analyze and apply Latin words and idioms. The “Expanding Your Vocabulary” introduction on page 18 outlines the various methods students can use to work with Latin words and idioms. There are extensive, full-page definition and language notes opposite every Latin passage in the book. These notes provide both basic translations of key words and phrases and also explore their etymology, contextual usage, and nuances of meaning. For examples see the following pages: 24, 26, 28, 30, 102, 104, 110, 112, 114, 138, 140, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 168, 170, 182, 184, 186, 196. Several additional categories of specialized notes provide in-depth exploration of key phrases and words. These include the following clearly marked features: Forms, 31, 32, 36, 100; Structure, 81, 82, 88, and 133; Vocabulary, 26, 83, 97, 163; and Reading Strategies (vocabulary related examples), 25, 27, 37, 90, and 165. distinction between easily confused Vocabulary notes that accompany every Latin words (e.g., vir/vis, Latin passage help students distinguish mos/mora) easily confused Latin words and phrases. For examples see: Explanatory note #1 (concilium and cōnsilium), 110; Explanatory note #9 (prōdeō), 116; and Explanatory note #22 (versō), 162 3 A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars to the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements AP Latin Curriculum Framework A Call to Conquest Learning Objectives Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Evidence Statements response that indicates Explanatory notes that accompany every understanding that more than one Latin passage remind students that more Latin word may be appropriately than one Latin word may be appropriately translated by the same English word translated by the same English word. For (e.g., mare, aequor, fluctus as examples, see: Text note (third bullet), 79; “sea”) Explanatory note #5 (translation of an idiom), 104; Explanatory note #11 (translation of an idiom), 148 response that indicates Vocabulary and text notes remind students understanding that one Latin word of Latin words and phrases that have more may be appropriately translated by than one meaning in English. For examples, more than one English word (e.g., see: Explanatory note #6 (cum), 94; vir as “man,” “hero,” “husband”) Explanatory note #11 (lōrīca), 148; Explanatory note #17 (translating rem), 162; and Explanatory note #6 (cum), 184. Also see the Cultural Context note about the word virtūs on page 27. The student explains the meaning of specific Latin words and phrases in context. identification of the meanings of The extensive, full-page definition and Latin words and phrases in context language notes opposite every Latin passage provide translations of key words and phrases in context. For examples see: 34, 36, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 146, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 192. explanation of the meaning of Latin The Discussion questions provide words and phrases in context opportunities for students to analyze words and phrases in context and share their understanding and interpretation of them with the instructor and with their peers. For examples: Discussion question #1, 91; Discussion question #2, 127; and Discussion question #1, 137. 4 A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars to the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements AP Latin Curriculum Framework A Call to Conquest Learning Objectives Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Evidence Statements explanation of the figurative The program provides definitions and meaning of Latin words and phrases examples of figures of speech and literary in context (e.g., ferrum as “sword,” devices. The overview of these can be lumina as “eyes”) found in the introductory section “Rhetorical Devices and Figures of Speech” on pages 18–19. The vocabulary notes point to their use in context such as can found on the following pages: Explanatory note #19 (ellipsis), 158; Explanatory note #2 (hendiadys and alliteration), 188. Also see Discussion question #4 on page 127. The student uses specific terminology to identify grammatical forms and syntactic structures. identification of grammatical forms The definition and language notes opposite (e.g., gender, number, and case of every Latin passage provide point of use nouns; tense and mood of verbs — explanations of grammatical forms. For see terminology list) examples see: Explanatory note #9 (form of tertīa) 32; Explanatory note #16 (conciliātūrum), 36; and Explanatory note #1 (est… ventum), 86 In addition, a number of features support student identification of grammatical forms. See the following features: Reading Strategy (grammar), 25, 31, 33, 77, 93, 136; Forms, 31, 32, 36, 100; Summary of Forms, 250–264 Summary of Grammar: Basic Forms and Functions, 265–279 5 A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars to the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements AP Latin Curriculum Framework A Call to Conquest Learning Objectives Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Evidence Statements identification of syntactic structures The program suggests that students use (e.g., indirect statement — see identification and analysis of sentence terminology list) structure as the primary strategy in decoding and understanding Latin passages. The article entitled “Reading Caesar’s Latin” on pages 13–16 provides a model of how to break down sentence structure and explains in detail how knowledge of syntax can lead to better understanding of unfamiliar Latin text. The definition and language notes opposite every Latin passage provide explanatory notes about particular point of syntax. For examples see: Explanatory note #2 (obsidēs…pollicitī sunt) 84; Explanatory note #1 and Reading Strategies (It ūnō tempore), 89; and Explanatory note #1 (idem… fore vidēbat), 104 In addition, a number of features support student identification of syntax. See the following features: Reading Strategy (syntax), 37, 41, 75, 77, 87, 89, 91, 92, 99, 102–103, 121, 144; Structure, 81, 82– 83, 88, 133 Summary of Grammar: Sentence Structure, 280–292 The student demonstrates knowledge of Latin syntax to read and comprehend Latin texts. paraphrase of text that reflects The Discussion questions provide knowledge of syntax opportunities for students to demonstrate their knowledge of syntax. For examples see: Discussion question #3a (restating the meaning of a sentence), 127; Discussion question #2 (restating the meaning of a phrase), 129; and Discussion question #1 (restating the meaning of a phrase), 137 6 A Call to Conquest: Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars to the AP Latin Learning Objectives and Evidence Statements AP Latin Curriculum Framework A Call to Conquest Learning Objectives Readings from Caesar’s Gallic Wars and Evidence Statements literal translation of text that reflects The Discussion questions provide knowledge of syntax opportunities for students to translate the text using their knowledge of syntax. For examples see: Discussion question #1 (translate specific clause), 91 and Discussion question #1 (translate first sentence of the chapter), 195 response that reflects knowledge of The Discussion questions provide syntax opportunities for students to demonstrate their knowledge of syntax. For examples see: Discussion question #1 (use of a clause), 91; Discussion question #3 (position of a word in a sentence), 139; and Discussion question #1 (word order), 163. The student scans dactylic hexameter in Latin poetry. identification of the elements of The program focuses exclusively on the scansion of dactylic hexameter (e.g., Caesar’s De bello Gallico. Opportunities for dactyls, spondees, elision) students to understand Caesar’s use of literary devices, however, can be found in the introductory section “Rhetorical Devices and Figures of Speech” on pages 18–19. The vocabulary notes point to their use in context such as can found on the following pages:
Recommended publications
  • 1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
    Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Mountford, Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar's Campaigns
    Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul PETER MOUNTFORD In 2012 an impressive museum was opened on the plain below the village of Alise-Ste- Reine (Alesia). A combined ticket for the museum and the Gallo-Roman site on the t the beginning of June 2016 I made a hilltop costs €11,50. The museum is obviously pilgrimage to Alesia, something that I a popular place for school groups to visit, as had wanted to do for many years. There there were several there at the time of our A visit. The circular museum is on two levels is nothing like a visit to the site of an ancient event for clarifying one’s understanding of that and has impressive views of the site of the event. The topography is so important. events of Alesia from its rooftop (pl.1). My wife and I were very lucky, as we had In the open space in the centre of the ground arrived in France at a time when record floor displays are put on of both Gallic and rainfall had led to severe flooding of the Roman fighting equipment and methods of Seine and other rivers. Thankfully the rain fighting (pl.2). stopped just before we reached Alesia and did not start again until after we left, although These are designed especially for students. it was overcast. Alesia can be easily accessed There is also a good bookshop, although from the motorway from Paris to Lyon. It is almost all books are in French.
    [Show full text]
  • The World's Measure: Caesar's Geographies of Gallia and Britannia in Their Contexts and As Evidence of His World Map
    The World's Measure: Caesar's Geographies of Gallia and Britannia in their Contexts and as Evidence of his World Map Christopher B. Krebs American Journal of Philology, Volume 139, Number 1 (Whole Number 553), Spring 2018, pp. 93-122 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2018.0003 For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/687618 Access provided at 25 Oct 2019 22:25 GMT from Stanford Libraries THE WORLD’S MEASURE: CAESAR’S GEOGRAPHIES OF GALLIA AND BRITANNIA IN THEIR CONTEXTS AND AS EVIDENCE OF HIS WORLD MAP CHRISTOPHER B. KREBS u Abstract: Caesar’s geographies of Gallia and Britannia as set out in the Bellum Gallicum differ in kind, the former being “descriptive” and much indebted to the techniques of Roman land surveying, the latter being “scientific” and informed by the methods of Greek geographers. This difference results from their different contexts: here imperialist, there “cartographic.” The geography of Britannia is ultimately part of Caesar’s (only passingly and late) attested great cartographic endeavor to measure “the world,” the beginning of which coincided with his second British expedition. To Tony Woodman, on the occasion of his retirement as Basil L. Gildersleeve Professor of Classics at the University of Virginia, in gratitude. IN ALEXANDRIA AT DINNER with Cleopatra, Caesar felt the sting of curiosity. He inquired of “the linen-wearing Acoreus” (linigerum . Acorea, Luc. 10.175), a learned priest of Isis, whether he would illuminate him on the lands and peoples, gods and customs of Egypt. Surely, Lucan has him add, there had never been “a visitor more capable of the world” than he (mundique capacior hospes, 10.183).
    [Show full text]
  • Julius Caesar's War Commentaries
    Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars1 the Atrebates and the Veromandui, their neighbors, were there awaiting Julius Caesar was a Roman politician. He was elected consul in 59 the arrival of the Romans; for they had persuaded both these nations to BCE, and sent himself as the commander of a military expedition to try the same fortune of war [as themselves]: that the forces of the conquer Gaul (present-day France and Germany); he spend 58-51 BCE in Gaul and successfully conquered it, as well as Britain. His Aduatuci were also expected by them, and were on their march; that military success was helpful as a political asset against his rivals. He they had put their women, and those who through age appeared useless returned to Rome in 49 BCE and refused to disband his army; this led to civil war in which he successfully seized power. He was for war, in a place to which there was no approach for an army, on assassinated in 44 BCE. account of the marshes. The Gallic Wars was written by Julius Caesar himself (even though it refers to him in the third-person) and was published during [2.17]Having learned these things, he sends forward scouts and his lifetime, probably as a form of political self-promotion. The text centurions to choose a convenient place for the camp. And as a great seems to have been adapted from his original dispatches sent back to the Senate while the campaigns were going on.2 many of the surrounding Belgae and other Gauls, following Caesar, marched with him; some of these, as was afterwards learned from the Book 2 - (57 B.C.) prisoners,
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Background
    APPENDIX THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND All dates are B. C. I 06 Birth of Pompey and Cicero. 100 Sixth consulate of Marius. Birth of Julius Caesar. Ca. 100: publication of Meleager's Garland. ca. 97 Birth of Lucretius. 91-89 Social or Marsic War: Rome v. Italian Allies. 89-85 First Mithridatic War. 88 Sulla's march on Rome. Flight of Marius. 88-83 Sulla in the east. 86 Seventh consulate and death of Marius. Athens sacked by Sulla. Mithridates defeated. ca. 84 Birth of Catullus. 83-82 Civil War. 82-79 Dictatorship of Sulla. 73-71 Slave-revolt of Spartacus. Crushed by Crassus and Pompey. 70 First consulate of Pompey and Crassus. Birth of Virgil (Oct. 15) at Andes near Mantua. Ca. 70: arrival at Rome of the Callimachean Parthenius of Nicaea. ca. 69 Birth of Gallus. 67 Defeat of pirates by Pompey. 66 Lex Manilia confers on Pompey the command against Mithridates. 66-63 Pompey in the east. 65 Birth of Horace at Venusia. 63 Consulate of Cicero. Catilinarian conspiracy. Pompey's settlement of the east. Birth of Octavian, later Augustus (63 B.C.-A.D. 14). 60 Formation of first triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey, Crassus. 59 First consulate of Caesar. Birth of Livy at Padua. 58-49 Caesar in Gaul. 56 Conference at Luca: triumvirate renewed. 55 Second consulate of Pompey and Crassus. Ca. 55: birth of Tibullus. 54 Crassus sets out for Parthia. Death of Julia, Caesar's daughter and Pompey's wife. Ca. 54: deaths of Catullus and Lucretius; publication of De Rerum Natura. Birth of Livy.
    [Show full text]
  • PLAYBOOK by Andrew Ruhnke and Volko Ruhnke
    COIN Series, Volume VI PLAYBOOK by Andrew Ruhnke and Volko Ruhnke TABLE OF CONTENTS Falling Sky Tutorial . 2 Credits . .. 45 Roles and Strategy . 18 Card List . 46 Non-Player Examples . 20 Countersheet Scan . 47 Design Notes . 26 Tribes and Forces . 48 Event Text and Notes . 32 © 2015 GMT Games, LLC • P .O . Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www .GMTGames .com 2 Falling Sky — PLAYBOOK the Forces display; the Germans do not track Victory; 7 .0 .) Go ahead Falling Sky Tutorial and put four cylinders and those three markers on the Edge Track numbers as noted in that setup section . (If you have not punched First-time players should start here! out the counters, punch what you need as we go .) Welcome to the tutorial for Falling Sky . It will walk you through setup and some game play step by step, getting you going with the Next is the Senate and Legions Track, some red boxes at lower right core mechanics and demonstrating a few of the options available to of the board . We will account here for the attitude of the Senate in each faction . Our purpose here is merely to teach concepts, not to Rome toward Caesar, meaning toward the Roman venture in Gaul suggest optimal strategy—we will leave that to you! (6 .5) . As noted in the Setup, place the Senate marker at “Intrigue” (“Firm” side down) . If you would like to look up specific Rules of Play as we go, we provide the relevant reference numbers in parentheses . Now find the 12 Legions—red cubes—among the Roman forces pieces and move them to the Legions track .
    [Show full text]
  • The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar's Gaul Author(S): Josiah Osgood Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol
    The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar's Gaul Author(s): Josiah Osgood Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol. 28, No. 2 (October 2009), pp. 328-358 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/CA.2009.28.2.328 . Accessed: 07/08/2013 18:41 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical Antiquity. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 192.153.34.30 on Wed, 7 Aug 2013 18:41:57 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions JOSIAH OSGOOD The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar’s Gaul Julius Caesar was remembered in later times for the unprecedented scale of his military activity. He was also remembered for writing copiously while on campaign. Focusing on the period of Rome’s war with Gaul (58–50 bce), this paper argues that the two activities were interrelated: writing helped to facilitate the Roman conquest of the Gallic peoples. It allowed Caesar to send messages within his own theater of operations, sometimes with distinctive advantages; it helped him stay in touch with Rome, from where he obtained ever more resources; and it helped him, in his Gallic War above all, to turn the story of his scattered campaigns into a coherent narrative of the subjection of a vast territory henceforward to be called “Gaul.” The place of epistolography in late Republican politics receives new analysis in the paper, with detailed discussion of the evidence of Cicero.
    [Show full text]
  • Vergil & Caesar Name of Assignment
    Course Number (when applicable) Course Title AP Latin - Vergil & Caesar Name of Assignment (title of book(s), Author, Edition, and ISBN (when applicable) The Gallic War: Seven Commentaries (English), Carolyn Hammond ISBN 10: 199540268 Expectations/Instructions for Student When Completing Assignment Read the English of Caesar’s Gallic War Books 1, 6, and 7 (summaries of books 2-5 provided) and answer the ​ ​ questions in the attached reading packet (pdf). It might be helpful to answer the reading questions as you read through the text. reading questions (pdf) One Essential Question for Assignment What should we expect from comentarii in form and content - how does Caesar confirm and challenge these ​ ​ expectations? What point of view does Caesar take when describing actions? One Enduring Understanding for Assignment Caesar adapts the characters, structures, and tropes of historical prose to create a uniquely Roman commentary and define basic tenets of ‘Romanness’, as well as structure of Latin literature and language Parent Role and Expectations Students work independently. Estimated Time Requirement Approximately 1 week per English Book Questions for the English Reading of Julius Caesar’s Gallic Wars Answer questions in complete sentences. Book I 1. Outline each of the following territories in the colors indicated: Belgae (blue); Celts/ Gauls (yellow), Aquitani (red): Figure 1: The Roman Provinces in Gaul around 58 BC; note that the coastline shown here is the modern one, different from the ancient coastline in some parts of the English Channel 2. Who was Orgetorix and what were his ambitions? 3. Why did Orgetotix commit suicide? 4. What actions or preparations did the Helvetii make before leaving their homeland? 5.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download the Gallic
    THE GALLIC WAR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Julius Caesar,H.J. Edwards | 642 pages | 01 Jul 1989 | HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780674990807 | English | Cambridge, Mass, United States The Gallic War PDF Book However, although Caesar's bias is evident, this does not mean that the work has no value at all. As the Romans advanced towards the coast the Menapii and the Morini withdrew into their swamps, and the Romans were unable to catch them. Whatever their true motive, the Veneti revolt began when they seized Q. Oxford World's Classics. A poor harvest meant that Caesar's winter quarters were spread out over a larger area than normal, making them vulnerable to surprise attacks. The Romans followed the retreating Belgae, inflicting heavy casualties on them. During his lifetime, Caesar was regarded as one of the best orators and prose authors in Latin — even Cicero spoke highly of Caesar's rhetoric and style. Coins displaying images of the Gallic Wars were used to advertise and emphasise Caesar's military achievements during his war with Pompey. Caesar was clearly not satisfied with the results of this first expedition. There were two possible routes that the migrating Helvetii could take to cross Gaul. In return Caesar's command was to be extended for another five years. This time Caesar was in a vengeful mood, apparently angered by the Veneti's failure to respect the rights of ambassadors. After a month long siege the town fell to the Romans, and everybody in the place was killed. That morning a delegation of German leaders came to the Roman camp, apparently to apologise for the clash of the previous day.
    [Show full text]
  • HH Summer Assignment Salvete, Welcome to Latin III High Honors!
    Latin III – HH Magistra Katz Latin III – HH Summer Assignment Salvete, Welcome to Latin III High Honors! The objective of this course is to read selections from Caesar’s Commentaries on the Gallic War (DBG) in order to prepare for the challenging three hour Advanced Placement Latin exam, which you will take at the end of your fourth year of Latin study in May. Students will read Caesar selections from De Bello Gallico in Latin III (this year) and next year students will read Vergil selections from the Aeneid in Latin V – AP. The expectation of the course is that students taking Latin III High Honors will move onto Latin V – AP in their fourth year. In Latin III High Honors, students will develop skills in reading, translating, and analyzing Latin texts, as well as demonstrating contextual knowledge, making connections to other disciplines, and making comparisons between Latin and English usages. The AP syllabus lists the required Caesar and Vergil readings that students need to study in Latin and in English. We will only be reading Caesar this year so only the Caesar required readings are included below. Required Caesar Readings The AP syllabus lists the required Caesar and Vergil readings that students need to study in Latin and in English. We will only be reading Caesar this year so only the Caesar required readings are included below. Required Readings in Latin Caesar, Gallic War Book 1: Chapters 1-7 Book 4: Chapters 24-35 and the first sentence of Chapter 36 (Eodem die legati . venerunt.) Book 5: Chapters 24-48 Book 6: Chapters 13-20 Required Readings in English Caesar, Gallic War Books 1, 6, 7 Required Textbooks for Class in September Hans-Friedrich Mueller, Caesar: Selections from his Commentarii De Bello Gallico (ISBN 978-0-86516-752-0).
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Justice in Caesar's Gallic Wars Russ Versteeg
    Hofstra Law Review Volume 33 | Issue 2 Article 6 2004 Law and Justice in Caesar's Gallic Wars Russ VerSteeg Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation VerSteeg, Russ (2004) "Law and Justice in Caesar's Gallic Wars," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 33: Iss. 2, Article 6. Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol33/iss2/6 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VerSteeg: Law and Justice in Caesar's Gallic Wars LAW AND JUSTICE IN CAESAR'S GALLIC WARS Russ VerSteeg* INTRODUCTION Historians have written so much about Julius Caesar that it may strike one as presumptuous to propose to add anything of value that is novel today. The present study has a rather limited scope. My method has been to focus on Caesar's own writing. In particular, using Caesar's monograph on the Gallic Wars, De Bello Gallico, as a basis, this article attempts to gain some insight into his thinking about law.' We know that Caesar had a great deal of practical experience in law. He studied law, pled a number of cases in the Roman law courts, and held several positions that required him to apply legal principles.2 In addition, legal questions significantly affected Caesar's political life and his most important political decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconstructing the Chronology of Caesar's Gallic Wars
    Histos 11 (2017) 1–74 RECONSTRUCTING THE CHRONOLOGY OF CAESAR’S GALLIC WARS1 Abstract: Caesar dates only the beginning of his first campaign and rarely mentions routes, distances, and times consumed. No detailed timelines for Caesar’s Gallic Wars exist. This gap can be filled by exploiting available clues in Caesar’s text (e.g., astronomical and sea- sonal events) and Cicero’s letters, and by determining the routes Caesar is likely to have chosen, average traveling and marching speeds (based on data in Caesar’s works and those of other authors), and the days required to cover the distances involved. Modern, digital maps based upon a GIS interface make it possible to measure distances with unprecedented precision. The resulting chronology, though often still speculative, is much more reliable than anything suggested previously. Keywords: Caesar, Gallic wars, chronology, speed of army movements, application of digital maps Introduction: General Assumptions, Principles, and Data2 In the middle of the nineteenth century, German scholars wrote monumental commentaries on Caesar’s Gallic War and Civil War. Those works, published 1 The reconstruction presented here is the result of work we originally did for the The Landmark Julius Caesar (Raaflaub (2017)). Planned as an appendix, it proved too large to be in included in that volume. A much condensed version will be placed on the website of the publisher (Pantheon). We thank Robert Strassler, the editor of the Landmark series, and Edward Kastenmeier at Pantheon for the permission to publish the full version in Histos, and the journal’s editor, Christopher Krebs, for accepting our submission on short notice.
    [Show full text]