The PhasmidThe Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group Study Group Newsletter No. 119 September 2009

ISSN 0268-3806

Colour variation in Megaphasma. Copyright Tara Maginnis. NEWS, INFORMATION & UPDATES ...... 3

EDITORIAL...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. LIVESTOCK WANTS & EXCHANGE...... 3 JANINE FLETCHER (LIVESTOCK CO-ORDINATOR) ...... 3 MEETINGS OFFICER ...... 3 AES EXHIBITION ...... 3 PSG WINTER MEETING & AGM ...... 3 ARTICLES, REVIEWS & SUBMISSIONS...... 4

HANDLING STICKS ...... 4 JANINE’S PSG AUTOBIOGRAPHY ...... 6 PHOBAETICUS CHANI ONE OF TOP 10 SPECIES ...... 7 PSG QUIZ FROM SUMMER MEETING...... 8 GYNANDROMORPH OF TRACHYARETAON BRUECKNERI...... 9 NEW FOODPLANTS FOR TRACHYARETAON BRUECKNERI...... 11 THE UNARMED STICK- INERMIS IN HAMPSHIRE...... 11 TRANSPARENT CUTICLE ...... 11 FOODPLANT WORDSEARCH ...... 12 PHASMID SPECIES ANAGRAMS...... 12 RAMULUS ARTEMIS STANDING UNDER OXYGENATED WATER ...... 12 READERS’ QUESTIONS ...... 13 PSG QUIZ & PHASMID ANAGRAM ANSWERS ...... 14 A 2009 UPDATE ON THE UK’S NATURALISED STICK-...... 15

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 1 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group

Photographs from The Unarmed Stick-insect Acanthoxyla inermis in Hampshire

Submitting Images Picture submissions are encouraged, not only for the Newsletter but also for the website. All registered PSG members can upload content to the website and we desperately need photographs of many species.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 2 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group News, Information & Updates

Livestock Wants & Exchange

Janine Fletcher (Livestock Co-ordinator)

Please contact Janine for a list of available livestock. All of the usual favourites are available, and I imagine the usual shortage of some the newer and fancier species.

Meetings Officer

Paul Jennings has asked that we look for a replacement for Mike Smith to organise the Summer and Winter meeting programmes leaving him to focus on publicising the Group at many exhibitions throughout the year.

AES Exhibition 17th October at Kempton Park Racecourse. The PSG will have a stand along with the Blattodea Culture Group.

PSG Winter Meeting & AGM

This will take place in the Dorothea Bate Room at the Natural History Museum, London on Saturday the 23rd January 2010.

More details will follow in the next newsletter.

The Committee

CHAIRMAN Judith Marshall Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD (T:020 7942 5610; F:020 7942 5661; E:[email protected])

TREASURER/MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Paul Brock 2 Greenways Road, Brockenhurst SO42 7RN (E:[email protected])

NEWSLETTER EDITOR Edward Baker 34 Rycroft, Windsor, Berkshire SL4 4HG (T:07835 294925; E:[email protected])

PHASMID STUDIES EDITOR Phil Bragg 8 The Lane, Awsworth, Nottinghamshire, NG16 2QP (T:01159 305010)

EXHIBITION & MEETING OFFICER Paul Jennings 89 Brackensdale Avenue, Derby, DE22 4AF (T:01332 343477)

LIVESTOCK COORDINATOR Janine Fletcher 125 Malvern Drive, North Common, Warmley, Bristol, BS30 8UY (T:01179 604917)

LIBRARIAN David Robinson (T:01908 653493; E:[email protected])

SECRETARY Ian Bushell

CO-OPTED: Ian Abercrombie (Livestock), Cameron die Königin (Competitions), Kristien Rabaey (Europe), Gavin Ridley Merchandise), Rob Simeons (Europe), Mike Smith

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 3 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group Articles, Reviews & Submissions

Handling sticks Derek Tylden-Pattenson

I’ve had the privilege over the past few months of being able to exhibit my livestock at three separate public events, each aimed at either infant or junior-aged school children, but with adults involved too.

I’ve also been fortunate enough to have some impressive species to display – including Eurycnema goliath, and Eurycantha calcarata alongside smaller species. At each of these events, of all the many questions asked, two stand out as being far and away the most common. Firstly “Is it real, mister?” This one always makes me laugh, and depending on how stressed I am at the time it’s answered either with a patient “yes, it’s real, would you like a closer look” or a somewhat exasperated “no, it’s a Japanese- built robotic insect”. The “is it real” response is prompted, I suppose, because most people encountering a goliath for the first time have never seen anything remotely like it, and it doesn’t fit in with their mental picture of what constitutes an insect (or indeed anything else in their experience).

Once we’ve established that it is indeed real, and alive, the next question (from those who have not backed away in horror, at least) is “can I hold it?” This is generally prompted by the fact that at these shows I habitually stand around with a goliath on my hand – it’s so much easier to show close-up than behind the mesh or plastic of their cage. When it comes to Eurycantha, the answer is almost exclusively “no”. I handle Eurycantha only when necessary, simply because experience has shown it to be a rather painful activity, often accompanied by blood-loss (mine, not theirs). The adults can be quite aggressive, and even with the females lacking the powerful spurred rear legs, can still give quite a nip if they feel threatened. For the goliaths, however, I generally allow people to handle them. I’ve found them to be calm insects to hold, non- threatening in appearance, and easily large enough to be a lasting memory for the visitor. Note that I don’t let visitors hold males; there is too much risk of them flying off, or at least attempting to and “spooking” a nervous handler.

When at an exhibition, I try and “share out” the handling amongst the goliaths, not having any one out of the cage for more than forty minutes or so. I’ve found that after this period, they start actively looking for a drink, their mouth parts feeling over people’s hands seeking out moisture. When put back in the cage, I spray the netting with water and they drink immediately. I’m assuming that this is a stress response, which presumably indicates that they don’t enjoy being handled too much. So, if you have the opportunity to show sticks in this way, be aware of this and avoid too much handling for any one individual.

With goliaths, I’ve found that almost invariably they climb “upwards”. This strikes me as logical on two counts; firstly, if they’re exhibiting “wild” behaviour and looking for fresh food, they’re likely to have to climb up to find younger, fresher leaves. But on a practical note, the hooks on a phasmid’s feet give them a much more secure hold when facing head-up than head-downward. In the rather unnatural case of walking on someone’s hand, this means that it’s important that they’re facing the “right” way. If a goliath is put on someone’s handing facing away from their fingers, they have a tendency to walk up the arm towards the

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 4 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group shoulder. This brings two problems; firstly, someone perhaps a little nervous initially at holding an insect finds this thing crawling up their arm and getting ever closer to their face; which can cause anything from giggles to hysteria. (Fortunately, the latter is rare and I’ve ALWAYS been able to leave people feeling confident and secure with the insects). The other problem is that once they get off skin and onto clothing, their hooked feet can get entangled in fabric and be very difficult to free.

If goliaths are placed on the hand facing the fingers, however, they climb to the end of the fingers then stay there, typically with their forelegs waving in the air looking for the next “branch”. This, particularly with goliaths, is a rather endearing pose and one that invokes an “ooh, how cute” response in most cases. Whilst the forelegs wave fairly randomly, bringing another hand low over the insect’s head causes it to reach out straight and really stretch up, bringing further approval from the visitor!

There’s a bit of a trick to getting insects to walk onto someone’s hand facing the right way. After a lot of experimentation, I’ve found a way that even young children can understand and comply with simply. I ask the visitor to hold their hand “as though you’re about to give me a high-five”. That is, they put their hand out in front of them, palm away from their face, fingers up. In that position, I let the goliath walk from my hand onto first the palm of their hand, then up to the fingers. Once there, the visitor can turn their wrist, keeping fingers upward, so that they can inspect their new friend as closely as they wish. Some reassurance during this process along the lines of “they can’t hurt you, but you might find it tickles a bit” sets the tone and generally gets a giggle as human and insect make “first contact”.

For those too nervous to hold a stick “straight away”, I suggest they gently stroke the wings, while the insect is on my “High-five” position 1 – stick hand. This puts the visitor in full control, just walked onto hand (Picture but also means that if I feel the person courtesy Borehamwood & putting too much pressure on the insect, I Elstree Times – Peter Beal) can instantly just move my hand down a little, so there’s no risk of damage from a heavy-handed 6-year old.

At a recent environmental fair, assisted by the PSG’s own Mike Smith and a Sticktalk member, Louise, I exhibited my sticks to over 600 primary – aged children in a day, a substantial number having the opportunity to hold these beautiful insects. The children left with a great memory, and a new- found respect and admiration for the insect world. The Mayoress visited at one point. Whilst standing with a goliath on her fingers, and posing calmly for the press photographer, she commented that even a few minutes earlier “High-five” position 2 – wrist she would never have dreamed of touching any insect. If ever you get the turned so “holdee” can see stick opportunity to share your hobby with the public in this way, do so. It’s very (Picture courtesy Borehamwood hard work, as some of you will know, but also hugely rewarding. & Elstree Times – Peter Beal)

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 5 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group

Janine’s PSG Autobiography Janine Fletcher (Livestock Co-ordinator)

I remember clearly at the age of four carefully rescuing caterpillars from my dad’s cabbage plants before he sprayed them with insecticide, our poor neighbour probably thought a plague had descended upon him as I used to tip all the rescued caterpillars from my seaside bucket over the fence into his garden. It was also at the age of four that I decided I wanted to be a Veterinary Nurse when I grew up. Soon afterwards I started keeping some of the caterpillars I’d collected, feeding them up and watching them pupate and finally emerge as butterflies or moths. I also remember being enthralled by a lovely lady from Marlow who I’d seen on Blue Peter. She kept Death’s Head Hawk Moths, and after writing to the BBC television centre for her address, I got in touch with her and managed to persuade my parents to take me to her home in Marlow to collect some of the wonderful caterpillars for me to rear at home. For my eleventh birthday I received my own plastic greenhouse, large enough for me to walk in and admire my collection of butterflies and moths, some I’d reared from eggs or caterpillars, others I’d collected from the disused railway embankments with the butterfly net I’d made.

My interests weren’t confined to just Lepidoptera, but also woodlice, snails, millipedes almost anything I could collect in our garden or home, even silverfish collected from our kitchen floor at night were kept as pets in a sandwich box on a layer of tissue, and fed on biscuit and bread crumbs. My mother was less keen on the cockroach I brought home after school swimming lessons, which I’d rescued from drowning in our local swimming pool. It was from primary school when I was about nine that I got my first stick insects – Carausius morosus (PSG 1) from the reception class teacher. I had already visited Worldwide Butterflies at Sherborne in Dorset, and was able to get some Extatosoma tiaratum (PSG 9) from there to add to the collection. I was also by this time collecting other creatures such as newts and slow worms, and to this day my parent’s pond is still home to a thriving colony of Common Newts.

By the time I was a teenager I had a Saturday job in a friend’s craft supply shop and taught myself how to make earrings, which I sold to my friends at school. I could now afford to buy a vivarium and my first pet snake. At the age of fifteen I changed jobs, and now started work at a local veterinary surgery on Saturdays and one evening each week.

I studied hard at school and got the O levels I needed to train as a veterinary nurse having already been offered a full time trainee position at the practice in which I worked, and after three years including two terms block release at Berkshire College of Agriculture, I passed my final veterinary nursing exam with credit in June 1986.

I then went to work at the P.D.S.A. for two years before getting a job as veterinary nurse at Bristol Zoo. At the zoo I had the opportunity to hand rear orphaned babies including a Black Lemur and two Maras amongst others. I also enjoyed working with lemurs, marmosets, tamarins and colobus monkeys, which I cared for every other weekend and nocturnal prosimians and macaques on a daily basis. I left Bristol Zoo in 1989 shortly after getting married, and have since worked in several different small and equine practices as Head Nurse. I currently work as Head Nurse at one of the branches of a five centre small animal hospital and referral practice in Bristol.

I have always enjoyed caring for a wide range of at home and at work, and particularly enjoy hand rearing orphaned neonates, including hedgehogs, squirrels, rabbits, mice, kittens, Little Owls and a puppy. My stick insect collection has also grown dramatically over the years, especially after joining the P.S.G. in February 1994, and at one stage I had over fifty different species. I started attending the P.S.G. meetings regularly, and in January 2002 I became the Livestock Co-ordinator. My invertebrate collection now includes, mantises, millipedes, cockroaches, cave crickets and a spider, some of which come with me when I do mini beast talks at local schools. I also enjoy meeting and talking to people at the different events I have

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 6 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group helped at including Bristol Zoo, Exmoor Zoo and Slimbridge Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust all under the P.S.G. umbrella.

My other hobbies include photography, bird watching and wildlife watching holidays, and so far I’ve been lucky enough to travel to, Madagascar, Australia, India, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Borneo and Ecuador including the Galapagos and the Amazon. I would like to spend more time on these hobbies so as from January 2010 I will be standing down as Livestock Co-ordinator, but will still have a keen interest in phasmids, and will continue to support the P.S.G. and attend the meetings which I very much enjoy.

Phobaeticus chani one of Top 10 Species Ed Baker (Editor)

Phobaeticus chani has been listed as one of the top ten new species in a competition by the The International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University. A copy of the certificate awarded to Phil Bragg (who described the species) is reproduced below.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 7 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group PSG Quiz from Summer Meeting Tylden-Pattenson

1) Multiply a Sipyloidea sipylus by an Extatasoma tiaratum; subtract a Eurycantha calcarata, and add a Carausius morosus; what country would you find the result in?

2) Which country is listed as the “origin” of more species than any other on the current PSG species list?

3) The PSG list uses abbreviations for common food plants; what do the following signify? a) Ro b) I c) Ra d) H e) O

4) On which continent are there no known indigenous phasmids?

5) Which of the following is associated with a rare stick insect species? a: Bat’s Globe; b: Stick’s Triangle or c: Ball’s Pyramid a / b / c

6) If people are bipeds, and cats are quadrupeds, what are stick insects?

7) Species names often use Latin roots to describe physical attributes; e.g. Eurycantha calcarata is so named because “calcar” means “spurred”. What do the 2nd part of the following species names indicate: a) Anisomorpha ferruginea b) Bacteria ferula c) Carausisus cristatus d) Extatasoma horrida e) Acanthoxyla inermis

8) Which species of stick insect has been in space the most frequently?

9) Considering species on the PSG list, who FIRST described more species (alone or with a collaborator / partner) – Paul Brock or Phil Bragg?

10) Dryococelus australis is better known by what common name?

11) Dorothea Bate: (Select one option only) a) Was the first woman scientist employed by the Science Museum; b) Discovered a dormouse the size of a squirrel in Majorca; c) Wrote in her diary in the early 1900’s “If you want a thing done well, do it yourself”; d) Became Officer-in-Charge at Tring Museum, aged 70; e) All of the above; a / b / c / d / e / f f) None of the above.

12) Where did the pinkwing lay her eggs?

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 8 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group

Gynandromorph of Trachyaretaon brueckneri Javier Tamayo

The gynandromorph is one of the most interesting genetic malformations we can find in our phasmids. The word gynandromorph comes from Greek and means "Male-Female Form, or shape of male and female, within the same individual.

The gynandromorphs are also known as Mosaic, because the genetic malformation affects only some individual cells. Basically, this is a failure in the insect cell division, causing a mutation in some of their cells. The result is that some parts of the animal behave as male and others female, the characteristics of both sexes will appear within the same individual.

Adult Trachyaretaon brueckneri showing bilateral gynandromorphy

These features can be displayed as colour, shape and size of the parts concerned and can be insects with male and female genitalia, winged females in species in which only the male possesses wings, and variations of body size within the same insect.

When there is a case of gynandromorphy in an insect, different parts are affected depending upon which stage of cell division was affected in the mutant cell and subsequent cell divisions.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 9 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group

Subadult gynandromorph of Trachyaretaon brueckneri showing the genitalia of both male and female.

The really curious thing is that there may be a more or less symmetrical pattern in the distribution of abnormal cells because the cell cleavage performed, groups of cells are distributed according to an order setting the axis of the animal, so we can find gynandromorph lateral, dorsal, or longitudinal, along the animals.

The most common form of a gynanders in the stick-insects is the bilateral gynandromorphy. In this case you can find insects with the left half "male" and the left half "female".

As curious an insect with bilateral gynandromorphy can have male and female sexual behaviour, depending on the side through which it receives the stimulus. So if the right hand of the indvidiual gynandromorphy is male, this reacts sexually to a female that approaches from that side and vice versa.

Adult gynandromorphy Dimorphodes mancus with Male and female gonads in an adult gynandromorph bilateral gynandromorphy of Trachyaretaon brueckneri

The most common cause of cases occurring in our phasmids is too high an incubation temperature, although other factors can create a cell mutation: ultraviolet light, mutation caused by a virus, etc...

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 10 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group New foodplants for Trachyaretaon brueckneri Roslyn Hill has reported to me that this species will feed well on ivy.

The Unarmed Stick-insect Acanthoxyla inermis in Hampshire Paul D. Brock

In July 2009, a report about stick insects at a garden in Rowlands Castle, Hampshire reached Malcolm Lee. The follow-up photograph showed it to be the Unarmed Stick-insect Acanthoxyla inermis. I have fond memories of this New Zealand species, having described it as a new ‘British’ insect in 1987 from a specimen seen in Falmouth, . I arranged to see the Hampshire insects on site on 29 July 2009.

Having seen all the U.K.’s alien stick insect species at several south-west (Devon and Cornwall) sites, I was rather surprised to be taken into a small garden, with a low-growing Cupressus bush the owners had nurtured for 12 years. They had noticed stick insects appearing on the outside of the plant in the afternoon. No chance of that with heavy showers in the area, but it only took a few seconds to find and photograph them in their hiding places [shown here exactly as found, as usual a remarkable camouflage]. The brown adult is 98mm, the green one 95mm, a medium-sized nymph also present. Having first seen probable small nymphs about two years ago, it is likely they are found on brambles and other vegetation in neighbouring gardens.

How have the insects spread? Plants may have been purchased from a local garden centre with an association in Cornwall, a likely source I will follow up. Further information on this species is included in this issue in Malcolm Lee’s excellent article 'A 2009 Update on the UK’s Naturalised Stick-insects', which shows how quickly the insects have spread since the first record in Falmouth.

I would like to thank Mike and Jenny Tuddenham for showing me the location and Malcolm Lee for all his detailed work in recording phasmids in Britain.

Transparent cuticle

Tara Maginnis recently sent Judith some excellent photographs showing the transparent cuticle of Megaphasma. The colour of most phasmids (and orthopteroids in general) is in fatty tissue beneath the cuticle (this is why colour does not last well after death unless special measures are taken).

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 11 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group

Foodplant wordsearch Janine Fletcher (Livestock coordinator)

E L B M A R B A G F H N Find these food plants in the grid to the left. Q U T D N Z I M Q E O P Words can go in a straight line in any direction.

R O I V Y C H K G R A S ACACIA IVY A L K N A P Y R D N K U BRAMBLE OAK S L H C G A P N S S F T EUCALYPTUS PANDANUS P E A B V N E C P X A P FERNS PRIVET B Z D F Q D R W R E S Y FUCHSIA RASPBERRY E A T Y O A I P I I Y L HAZEL RHODODENDRON R H R D X N C D V E V A HYPERICUM R K O A Z U U F E T R C ROSE Y H S L W S M G T M O U R P E J F U C H S I A E

PHASMID SPECIES ANAGRAMS Janine Fletcher (livestock coordinator)

Rearrange the letters below to make 10 phasmid species:

1. LEANALIHA RAYIGI 6. SUPERHAMPA HULCTISE 2. TERROXPETHEY IDALAATT 7. DEARPIES GREENLINEATOM 3. IDEAPYLOIS YIPSULS 8. PUNISAMLO NUERIGI 4. DREADSOPHIE LASTVENUU 9. SUCASAURI SURMOOS 5. ROSICANEC LUNAPINES 10. HASTEMAILP TAFLACA

Ramulus artemis standing UNDER oxygenated water The Bradbury family

It did not swim, it walked. It was standing on a vertical surface in highly oxygenated water in gently moving water between the filter pump body and very close to where a stream of bubbly water pours into David's 65litre fish tank. It may be evidential of good oxygenation that one of David's seven little fish is "Plec", an algal eating Chaetostowma, probably C. thomsoni that in the wild lives in well oxygenated turbulent headwater streams in South America.

When first seen the animal was about 1cm below water surface. First thought was of unfortunate death and then to wonder why three small omnivorous goldfish had not seen it and eaten the evidence. I suppose the curtain of bubbles acted as a screen. The substrate was coated in a short growth of mostly filamentous algae. On examination the animal was a first instar nymph standing in characteristic crypsis pose for R. artemis with mid and hind pairs of legs grasping on and front pair of legs touching each other extended parallel and with front feet just touching the substrate and body horizontal and parallel to the water surface.

The pose was life like, but death seemed inevitable. So instead of reaching for a camera, I introduced a paint brush and gently touched it expecting to lift out a small corpse. I was astounded when it moved. It responded almost like an ordinary R. artemis nymph, but in slow motion, firstly by spreading and then waving its front legs but unable to break up through the surface of the water. Then it stepped onto the paint brush. I rotated the brush to bring the brush vertically below the animal. As I lifted it out of the water the water tension collapsed the animal astride the paint brush which I set down on kitchen towel with the animal still draped over the brush. Within the time to make a mug of coffee, I saw that as I stirred my coffee, the animal was already stirring its legs. It really was alive. Within a half hour later it was standing. On being placed on bramble it immediately moved to the edge and started feeding.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 12 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group We are relatively new to observing stick insect behaviour and David and Robert have only kept 15 species. As well as drinking droplets from surfaces, we have seen a number of big sticks immerse their mouth and palps into a dish of water to drink as routine behaviour, but we have only seen Ramulus artemis frequently immerse its "head and shoulders" into a drinking dish. We have watched "tummy bathing" behaviour demonstrated by medium to large nymphs and adults of two species, Paripachymorpha spinosa and Trachyaretaon brueckneri in shallow water layers or films.

We did not know they could do that. Perhaps in the wild, getting knocked into a puddle is an occupational hazard for a stick insect, especially species living in rainforest and wet jungle. Possibly people fortunate enough to have visited these habitats might have field observations. There again, the idea of sitting under a tree full of phasmids in a downpour just to watch the livestock that washes out of the canopy might not be the obvious way to spend one's research time.

Has anyone else reported observing this stick insect walking underwater behaviour?

Readers’ Questions If you have a question to ask then please contact the editor using the details in the Committee section.

Paralysis Illness Help! Does anyone know anything about a condition that causes progressive paralysis of stick insects? What is it? Can it be treated?

This has not caused immediate death. On discovery the first victim was immediately moved and isolated to a second box on her own. Sensible precautions, hand washing, etc. The first victim continued to drink water and sieved ground up leaf. Continued to produce frass and laid 8 eggs in 14 days.

First victim was found on the floor of the tall case and had a mark on a middle right leg that may have been a thorn puncture or spider bite. I searched and found a one inch leg span house spider (subsequently the spider was enthusiastically eaten by several of David's fish.)

The victim's right middle leg was initially stiff then limp. Eventually mid and hind legs limp by day 3, but head, palps antennae mobile and responsive. Use of front legs continued for a couple of days more, but limited and non weight bearing. Drinking became slower. Frass ok day 1 and 2, then loose and wet slowly becoming normal by day 10. Progressive reduction in amount drunk and frass produced. Weight has gradually reduced.

Bright ideas or experience needed here from everyone reading this, please point out if I have I missed something obvious? Possible causes could be:  Was this a bite from a spider?  Was the spider a coincidental trespasser and a thorn injury the cause of an infection?  Was the infection the result of something contaminating the food?

First victim now two weeks living on water or ground up leaf juice because not able to bite leaf. Last night second victim found hanging by two legs, immediately removed to isolation. No marks or visible injury, but same symptoms.

The two animals affected are both Diapherodes gigantea females.

Do you know of anything like this, or do you know anyone who might have dealt with anything like this?

Communication in Phasmids Robert and David's very first colony founder was Princess. She got a lot of handling and attention, especially from Robert. If he was singing when he came into the living room, even though he was not visible, Princess would often raise her antennae, get up and face the door of her case. So, we think Pings have good hearing. As a flying species they have good sight.

Now we have about 100 adults in two groups, our University of Reading culture of Madagascan Pink Winged, Sipyloidea sipylus, make a clicking noise used as a warning signal. They use this if disturbed or if someone walks past quickly.

It appears to be colonial behaviour. Individuals put themselves at increased risk of being spotted by a predator for the benefit of the rest of the colony being alerted.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 13 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group

When they are roosting in the daytime, mostly the Pings ignore people moving around the living room. Every now and then an individual seems to be awake, but not moving. Sometimes an awake animal raises and spreads its antennae while remaining still. Mostly the guard insects will be the few that will do the "Madagascan Wave" if looked at closely, but are otherwise still with antennae stretched alongside their outstretched front legs.

(The "Madagascan Wave" is like the "Mexican Wave" but done with Feelers instead of Feeling!)

If startled by movement or noise, one or more of the awake animals makes a burst of rapid clicks. The sound is distinctive, usually three to five clicks in about one to two seconds. It is made by rapidly striking the perch, twig or leaf with a single front or back leg. Sometimes an awake guard Ping will do an Air Clicking alarm call, silently, as a visual local warning. Just like a Human might do Air Guitar. Close to, a Clicking alarm call is a visual and an acoustic warning signal. With the case open or in the open air it is just audible to an adult at one to two yards distance. Children can hear it across a room. The loudness depends on what the Guard Ping is striking. Hard to spot unless already watching that animal.

Usually there is no visible response from the rest of the colony. Sometimes one or more animals in both groups will also do a Clicking alarm call. Other times we have noticed either more pairs of raised antennae or several individuals start doing the Madagascan equivalent of the Mexican wave. After a Clicking alarm call, for several minutes, a lot more animals will join in Madagascan Wave activity than the few that would Madagascan Wave before a Clicking alarm call. Anyone else with a culture that Clicks? and Rocks?

Much less often, the two pairs of Eurycantha calcarata also click, but they are very relaxed easy going animals for most of the time. The Eurycantha calcarata give a Click call by striking a raised abdomen against a hind leg, about once a second for two to four seconds. The function appears quite different. Robert description of this Click call is more deliberate and measured. Apparently intended for a potential predator to easily locate the maker of the call and avoid an accidental encounter with some fearsome looking weaponry .

The two pairs of Eurycantha calcarata also use scent marking to communicate. All four animals will do this. Usually they prefer to be held by Robert. The individuals will separately grasp one or two of Robert's fingers and quite firmly clasp the finger/s to their upper chest while rubbing their throat area on his skin. They will also anoint each other too and objects in their case. There is a faint pleasantEurycantha calcarata smell left on the skin. It smells vanilla-ry like Gorse Ulex europea flowers and wet fallen oak leaves. I was surprised by how firmly they hug when anointing.

Has anyone got any observations of Eurycantha calcarata doing Click call? In a larger Ec colony is there any use of Click call in breeding or is it just used in alarm situation? Observations welcome please.

Do the above observations count as communication between stick insects?

Do they do this in the wild?

PSG Quiz & Phasmid Anagram answers

1.Ss=4, Et=9, Ec=23, Cm=1; so ((4*9)-23)+1 = 14 = Eurycnema goliath; so the answer is AUSTRALIA 2.West Malaysia (25). (Runners up are Thailand, 21; Sabah,19; Sarawak, 16; Philippines,15 and Vietnam 15. ½ mark for “Malaysia”. 3.a Ro=Rose; b I=Ivy; c Ra=Raspberry; d H=Hawthorn; e O=Oak. 1 mark each (total 5) 4.Antarctica 5.c, Ball’s Pyramid 6.Hexapods 7.a ferruginea = rust coloured / reddish; b ferula = hollow / cylindrical; c cristatus = crested; d horrida = prickly / bristly (not nasty or horrid, as our entrants suggested!); e inermis = unarmed / spineless 8.Carausius morosus / PSG1 / Indian / Laboratory (at least 4 missions, including a lunar landing) 9.Paul Brock (8 species: PSG 40, 155, 163, 202, 221, 231, 242, 243; Phil has 6: 127, 161, 165, 200, 238, 247) 10. Lord Howe Island Stick Insect / Land lobster 11. e, all of the above (and much more!)

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 14 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group 12. The answer I was looking for was “ova there!” (or similar witticism) – this was going to be the tie- break question in the event of a dead heat. However I gave ½ mark for “glued to tank / plant”.

The winner on the day was Mike West with 16 correct out of 20; honourable mentions to Rob Simeons, Kristien Rabay and Sarah Darwin, each on 15 points. Congratulations to them and all the others who took part.

Anagram answers: 1. HAANIELLA GRAYII 6. PERUPHASMA SCHULTEI 2. HETEROPTERYX DILATATA 7. EPIDARES NOLIMETANGERE 3. SIPYLOIDEA SIPYLUS 8. LAMPONIUS GUERINI 4. DIAPHERODES VENUSTULA 9. CARAUSIUS MOROSUS 5. NECROSCIA ANNULIPES 10. HEMIPLASTA FALCATA

A 2009 Update on the UK’s Naturalised Stick-insects Malcolm Lee, Gullrock, Port Gaverne, Port Isaac, Cornwall. PL29 3SQ

Introduction My last report (Lee 2006) summarised the 662 records in 103 locations, as at 30th June 2006. The one thousandth record was received in January 2009, and, up to 30th June 2009, there are now a total of 1,039 records in 155 locations (including 4 records/3 locations for Laboratory Stick-insects Carausius morosus). Most of the new locations are for the Unarmed Stick-insect Acanthoxyla inermis (qv). These are very unlikely to have been by natural spread, but probably via plants from a Cornish garden centre.

Online Reporting Last spring, Ed Baker put an online report form on the PSG website to accompany my naturalised phasmids page. This has proved a tremendous success. The first report was received in May 2008, and over the last 12 months no less than 68 valid reports have been received, accounting for just over two thirds of all sightings. In many instances a photo is submitted, making confirmation an easy process. Even where no photo was present, in most cases further enquiry made it clear that people had seen stick-insects. All those making a report received a personalised response, and more information on the ‘British’ Stick-insects. Most had no idea we had such insects thriving here. A report from Leicester, well outside the normal range of the naturalised species, came without a photo. From the description of body shape and length, it was undoubtedly a stick-insect. However, none had ever been seen in previous years, so it was taken as a discarded Lab-stick. One report from a garden in Chingford was fortunately accompanied by a photo. Paul Brock confirmed it was a Eurycantha species, probably E. calcarata. This tropical species must have been an escapee, or a discard from a local enthusiast. It may be useful to record other insects confused with phasmids. Over the years, I have found the most commonly mis-reported creatures are the stick-like caterpillars of the various Thorn Moth species. In the absence of a photo, two questions will confirm; how many legs did you see, and what size was it? Long thin legs are an obvious feature of the most casual glance at a phasmid, so if they did not remember seeing any legs, it is unlikely you are dealing with a stick-insect. If they also say it was about an inch long, a Thorn Moth caterpillar is the most likely. A small (20mm) and remarkably stick-like insect was reported from alongside a garden pond in Essex. The photo enabled me to confirm it was the true bug, the Common Water Measurer Hydrometra stagnorum. Species Reports: A full summary of all the locations is included as an appendix to this report. The accounts below highlight important points only.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 15 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group Prickly Stick-insect Acanthoxyla geisovii (Kaup) – PSG 80 Cornwall: Bryher, Isles of Scilly; The Prickly Stick- insect is now found on Bryher, adjacent to Tresco. It was first reported by Ren Hathway on 24th September 2006. Will Wagstaff noted 10 insects on the same bush a few days later, and Dave Rosair recorded 11 on 20th October. A report by Rosemary Parslow in October 2007 at a location only 100 metres from the 2006 site is evidence that a sustaining colony is now present. They probably arrived on plant material transferred from Tresco. Feock; Eagle-eyed readers comparing the above map with that in my 2006 report may notice the tetrad denoting the Feock colony has been moved one square to the west. In Lee 1995 it Fig 1: Acanthoxyla geisovii tetrad distribution in Cornwall and Devon at 30th June 2009 was noted that the first Feock report was from a 1987 newspaper picturing A. geisovii, yet the 1993 report was clearly of A. inermis. Research could find no knowledge of Jenny Bennett, the owner of that 1987 garden, and all subsequent Feock reports were of A. inermis. This had made me wonder whether that picture was of the actual stick-insect found in 1987. Two reports in 2006 from the nearby riverside hamlet known as Trolver Croft were accompanied by pictures of A. geisovii. Trolver Croft is only 500 metres west of Feock village, and has the postal address of Feock. It seems most likely that this was where Jenny Bennett’s garden was. That 1987 A. geisovii record from Feock has now been reallocated to the same 1km square SW 8138. Devon: Two new colonies just outside the core Torbay locations have been found at Abbotskerswell to the north, in 2007, and Kingswear to the south, in 2008. The insects in Abbotskerswell are linked to a transfer of stick-insects from Galmpton to a nearby school in 2001. The Kingswear insects were probably introduced on plants or by children bringing them back from a nearby colony. Paignton; In Lee 2006, I wondered whether stick-insects still survived around the original 1909 location in Mrs Arbuthnot’s Southfield Road garden, as the last record known to me was in 1962. Mike Langman drew to my attention a 2006 report in the Herald Express of a stick-insect found at Redburn Road, backing on to Southfield Road. This would undoubtedly be a direct descendant of those original imports a century ago. In 2007 a second nearby record was made in Blatchcombe Road, 400 metres NW of Southfield Road.

Unarmed Stick -insect: Acanthoxyla inermis Salmon– PSG 81 Since 2004, the frequency with which new locations are now occurring has risen dramatically. This is illustrated in Fig 3, where half of all 1km squares for A. inermis had their first record in 2005 or later. For a species with such a limited capacity for natural dispersal (see Lee 2003), this increase of new locations is indicative of some artificial means of dispersal at work. A nursery in is known to have had A. inermis in their grounds since 2000 at least, and transmission on plants (as happened in their original movement from New Zealand) could well be the means of its rapid spread in the last few years.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 16 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group Fig 2: Acanthoxyla inermis tetrad distribution in Cornwall and Devon at 30th June 2009

Fig 3: New A. inermis 1km square locations by period

That nursery is popular with holidaymakers as well as locals. It would not be surprising if A. inermis turned up outside the south-west, as Cornish plants are taken back with other holiday souvenirs. A self-sustaining colony has been in a Surrey garden since Cornish insects were collected in 1999, so there is every reason to suppose they would survive quite happily outside Cornwall and Devon. On 21st July 2009 I received an online report of stick-insects from a garden in Rowlands Castle, Hampshire. There was no image accompanying the report, so I was expecting it to be discarded Lab-sticks. I enquired if any photos had been taken, and two days later was very surprised to receive a clear image of A. inermis on a Cupressus plant. It was also stated that nymphs had been seen in 2008. Paul Brock visited the garden and has done further research, the results of which are reported separately within this newsletter (page 11). This may well be just the first of many reports from outside the south-west. There are a few other locations worth noting. Par; In Lee 2006, I was not certain this was a location, but visits by Brian Laney have confirmed they are widespread there, with one garden owner reporting seeing them since 2004. In Veryan and Portscatho/Gerrans both A. inermis and A. geisovii have now been found in the same locations. This will make it more difficult to confirm which species is being reported, unless an image is submitted. Merriott, Somerset; Brian Laney has conducted thorough searches within the nursery grounds in June and August 2007, but failed to find anything. Staff have not seen phasmids in recent years so the colony may have died out. Derreen, Ireland; David Bigham, who owns Derreen Gardens, confirms that this is the site for the stick-insects reported from this area since the 1960s. The sub-tropical gardens have a variety of New Zealand plants, particularly Tree Ferns which form the understorey in the New Zealand Eucalyptus forests where A. inermis lives in the canopy.

Mediterranean Stick-insectBacillus rossius (Rossi) – PSG 3 Several searches at the Tresco, Isles of Scilly sites found by Brian Laney have drawn a blank. For such superb camouflage artists, negative results cannot be relied upon as confirmation of its absence. It probably still persists on the island. Discarded insects have given rise to an established colony in a garden in Upper Beeding, Surrey.

Smooth Stick-insect (White) – PSG 7 Several reports have been received from St Marys, Isles of Scilly. Still no report from the Tresco Abbey Gardens, for which 1994 is the last record. Despite this, I have little doubt that it still persists there.

Other Species Bacillus whitei Nascetti & Bullini – PSG 108: This species was still present in 2008, and in adjoining gardens, at its location in Slough.

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 17 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group Carausius morosus (Sinéty) – PSG 1: There were two outdoor reports of this species from St Marys, Isles of Scilly in 2007, and both accompanied by clear photos. The first report by Nick Montegriffo was at Holy Vale, and the second by Mel Bellingham was of two specimens at Lower Moors. The photo of the Holy Vale insect looked unusual, so it was referred to Paul Brock. He was able to confirm it was either a male or a gynandromorph with the appearance of a male. Paul advised these are rare enough in captivity, but he had never known of one found in the wild. Whilst both these reports could be of discards, they are over a kilometre apart, and obtaining stock on this relatively remote island is not going to be as easy as on the mainland. There was a report c1997 of ‘non-prickly’ stick-insects from Holy Vale, but it could never be pinned down. Is it possible a self-sustaining colony of Lab-sticks persists here? th Conservation Status: This table gives the statistics at 30 SPECIES locations 1 km2 tetrads 10 km2 June 2009 to update those in Lee 2006 – Acanthoxyla geisovii 32 60 39 16 Having now been found in 16 UK 10km squares, the conservation status of Acanthoxyla geisovii is revised to Acanthoxyla inermis (UK) 99 163 119 35 Acanthoxyla inermis 10 10 9 7 Notable A (Na). A. inermis is found in 35 UK 10km (Ireland) squares, so it is now Notable B (Nb). Acanthoxyla inermis (Total) 109 173 128 42 Acknowledgements: Once again my thanks to Paul Brock 4 4 4 4 for his assistance with identification and advice, to Ed Bacillus rossius 4 4 4 4 Baker for setting up the online reporting system and keeping it free from spam, to Brian Laney for his many Clitarchus hookeri 2 2 2 2 records and searches, and to all those who took the trouble Clonopsis gallica 1 1 1 1 to report their sightings. Malcolm Lee [email protected] References Lee, M. 1995 A survey into the distribution of the stick insects of Britain. Phasmid Studies 4, 15-23. Lee, M. 2003. The Light Brown Apple-moth Epiphyas postvittana (Walk.) and the Spread of Alien Species. Atropos 18 pp9-13 Lee, M. 2006. The Stick-insects of Great Britain, Ireland and the Channel Isles. Phasmid Study Group Newsletter 107: 20–27

Appendix – Location Summaries (At June 30th 2009)

NOTE: Shaded squares represent updates from 2006 report. St. Mawes SW 8432 1974 2006 6 Acanthoxyla geisovii locations (354 records) SW 8433 c1959 2007 21 SW 8532 1985 1997 2 first latest total Location 1km square seen record records1 SW 8533 c1960 2007 15 Tresco, Isles of Scilly SV 8814 2004 2004 1 CORNWALL (181 records) SV 8815 c1998 2004 5 Angarrack SW 5838 1991 2008 8 SV 8914 pre1939 2005 24 Bryher SV 8714 2006 2007 2 SV 8915 1982 2004 17 Falmouth SW 8033 1998 2003 2 SV 9014 2004 2004 1 Feock (formerly SW 8238) SW 8138 1987 2006 3 Trethem SW 8536 1997 2005 4 Great Work SW 5930 c1985 2008 4 SW 8044 1994 2008 6 SW 5637 2006 2006 1 Veryan SW 9139 pre1985 2007 10 SW 6528 2008 2008 1 DEVON (173 records) Mawnan Smith SW 7728 2005 2005 1 Abbotskerswell SX 8569 2007 2007 1 Portloe SW 9339 2009 2009 1 Brixham SX 9154 2004 2007 4 Portscatho/Gerrans SW 8735 c1996 2007 7 SX 9155 c1995 2009 5 SW 6941 2004 2006 2 SX 9156 2008 2008 2 St. Just-in-Roseland SW 8535 1994 2006 12 SX 9255 1986 2007 6 SW 8536 2006 2006 1 Broadsands SX 8856 1986 1986 1 St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly SV 9010 c1995 2006 8 SX 8857 1998 2005 3 SV 9109 2007 2007 2 Churston Ferrers SX 9055 2004 2008 4 SV 9110 1997 2007 12 Collaton-St-Mary SX 8660 c1940 2007 10 SV 9112 2003 2005 2 Ermington SX 6352 1976 2005 9

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 18 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group SX 6353 1994 2005 5 SX 1252 2007 2007 1 Galmpton SX8855 2007 2007 1 Glendurgan SW 7727 1994 1995 2 SX 8856 c1970 2008 41 Gorran Haven SX 0041 c1969 2007 12 SX 8956 1979 2008 8 SX 0141 c1965 2007 4 Goodrington SX 8958 2004 2004 1 Grampound SW 9348 2004 2004 1 Kingswear SX 8850 2008 2008 1 Grampound Road SW 9150 2000 2008 23 Marldon SX 8662 1985 2007 3 Great Work SW 5930 c1985 2008 7 SX 8663 2006 2006 2 Hayle SW 5536 2005 2006 2 Paignton SX 8759 1982 2003 6 SW 5637 2005 2009 4 SX 8760 pre1926 2009 11 SW 5638 2007 2008 2 SX 8761 2009 2009 1 SW 5737 1999 1999 1 SX 8859 1991 2008 11 SW 5738 2002 2008 5 SX 8860 1903? 2008 10 Helford Passage SW 7527 c1930 1993 3 SX 8861 1909 2007 6 SW 7626 1994 2003 2 SX 8862 2008 2009 2 SW 7627 1969 1996 3 SX 8962 2008 2008 1 Helston SW 6527 2003 2005 2 Plymouth - Plympton SX 5555 2004 2009 7 SW 6626 2009 2009 1 Stoke Gabriel SX 8557 1969 2005 4 SW 6627 2006 2007 3 Torquay SX 9063 c1930 2003 4 Hidden Valley SX 0956 2005 2007 3 SX 9064 1946 1946 1 Illogan SW 6643 2008 2009 2 SX 9164 1985 1989 2 Lanner SW 7240 2008 2008 1 Luxulyan SX 0557 2005 2005 1 Acanthoxyla inermis locations (632 records1) Mawgan Porth SW 8567 2001 2001 1 CORNWALL (586 records) Mawnan Smith SW 7728 1981 2006 12 Allet SW 7948 2007 2007 1 SW 7729 1994 2003 4 SW 7828 1996 2003 2 Angarrack SW 5838 1998 2006 3 SW 7829 2003 2009 3 Blisland SX 1072 1992 1992 1 Mevagissey SX 0044 2003 2003 1 SX 0766 2005 2005 1 SX 0144 c1977 2007 11 Boscoppa SX 0253 2005 2005 1 SX 0145 c1972 2006 13 Budock Vean SW 7527 1988 1993 3 Mount Hawke SW 7147 2008 2009 2 SW 7627 1992 2005 9 Mousehole SW 4626 2003 2003 1 Budock Water SW 7731 2006 2009 2 Mylor Bridge SW 8036 1996 1996 1 SW 7832 1994 2005 4 SW 8161 2009 2009 1 SW 6339 2008 2008 1 SW 6340 2008 2008 1 SW 8362 2003 2005 2 SW 6440 2001 2009 4 Newton in St Martin SW 7423 2006 2007 2 SW 6539 2009 2009 1 Par SX 0753 2004 2007 3 SW 6540 2007 2007 1 SX 0853 2006 2007 3 SW 6541 2007 2007 3 Penlee* SW 4726 c1969 c1969 1 SW 6641 2005 2007 2 Penryn SW 7733 1993 2005 4 Connor Downs SW 5939 2003 2003 2 SW 7734 1993 2008 5 SW 6039 2006 2007 2 SW 7735 1982 2002 11 Constantine SW 7229 2009 2009 1 SW 7834 2005 2009 10 SW 7329 1996 2005 3 Penwithick SX 0256 2005 2008 2 SW 7429 2007 2007 1 SW 4630 c1969 2009 9 Coverack SW 7818 2007 2007 1 SW 4730 2004 2009 2 Cury Cross Lanes SW 6920 2007 2008 2 Perran Downs SW 5530 2008 2008 2 Dobwalls SX 2164 2008 2008 1 Perranarworthal SW 7637 2005 2007 2 Falmouth SW 7832 1994 2008 3 Perranporth SW 7553 2006 2008 2 SW 7931 1992 2009 9 Perranwell SW 7739 2007 2007 1 SW 7932 2002 2005 3 Philleigh SW 8739 2007 2007 1 SW 7933 1992 2008 5 Polgooth SW 9950 2001 2009 13 SW 8032 1981 2008 24 Ponsanooth SW 7537 2007 2007 1 SW 8033 1987 2005 6 SW 7637 1999 1999 1 SW 8132 2002 2007 2 Pool SW 6641 2006 2006 1 Feock SW 8238 c1978 2008 7 Port Gaverne SX 0080 c1973 2008 17 Flushing SW 8034 2008 2008 2 Porthallow SW 7923 c1987 1997 2 SX 1151 2006 2006 2 SW 6326 2000 2009 13 SX 1152 2005 2007 2 Port Isaac SW 9980 1987 2009 41 SX 1251 2005 2006 2 SW 9981 2001 2001 2

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 19 The Newsletter of The Phasmid Study Group SX 0080 1983 2007 9 SX 0072 2005 2007 2 Portmellon SX 0143 1997 2003 5 Zelah, Journey's End SW 8353 2006 2006 1 SX 0144 1994 2008 7 Zennor SW 4437 2007 2007 3 Portscatho/Gerrans SW 8735 2007 2007 2 DEVON (16 records) Probus SW 8947 2009 2009 1 Plymouth SX 4756 2008 2008 1 SW 9047 pre1984 2002 9 SX 4952 2008 2008 1 Realwa SW 6036 2007 2007 1 SX 5052 2007 2007 1 Redruth SW 7040 2005 2008 2 SX 5053 2000 2008 11 Redruth Highway SW 7143 2008 2008 2 SX 5153 2005 2005 1 Roche SW 9759 2003 2005 2 Yealmpton SX 5751 2008 2008 1 Rock SW 9475 2008 2008 1 DORSET (1 record) Rosewarne SW 6441 1996 2008 4 Poole, Parkstone SZ 4091 2006 2006 1 Ruan High Lanes SW 8940 2007 2007 1 SOMERSET (1 record) St. Agnes SW 7150 2008 2008 1 Merriott ST 4413 c1975 c1975 1 SW 7249 2008 2008 1 SURREY (3 records) SW 7250 2006 2006 3 Upper Beeding TQ 1910 2003 2007 3 St. Austell SX 0252 2009 2009 1 IRELAND (25 records) SX 0253 2006 2009 3 Ballincollig* W 5970† 2001 2001 1 SX 0352 2005 2005 1 Bear Island* V 7443† 1993 1993 1 SX 0452 2001 2007 2 Blackwater Bridge V 7968 1994 2001 3 SX 0654 2006 2006 1 Claddananure V 8871 1993 1994 2 St. Blazey Gate SX 0653 2003 2005 2 Derreen V 7758 1965 2004 3 St. Buryan* SW 4023 2003 2003 1 Derryquin V 7064 1988 1988 2 St Clement SW 8543 2008 2008 1 Rossdohan V 7163 1997 2000 3 St. Erth SW 5534 2007 2007 1 Rossdohan Island V 7162 1956 1993 8 St. Just* SW 3631 2005 2005 1 Sneem V 6966 1993 1993 1 St Mawgan SW 8765 2008 2008 1 Waterville* V 5065† 1993 1993 1 St Teath SX 0680 2008 2008 1 * Unconfirmed sighting † or nearby 1km square Scorrier SW 7245 2001 2005 2 Acanthoxyla prasina locations (9 records1) Shortlanesend SW 7947 2009 2009 1 Angarrack SW 5838 1993 2006 3 Sticker SW 9750 2006 2006 1 Mount Edgcumbe SX 4552 2003 2005 2 Stithians SW 7336 2009 2009 1 Redruth SW 6941 1995 2003 3 Threemilestone SW 7745 2006 2007 5 St. Mawes SW 8532 1991 1991 1 SW 7844 2000 2008 2 1 SX 4355 2007 2007 1 Bacillus rossius locations (10 records ) Trebah SW 7627 1996 2002 3 St. Mawes SW 8532 1991 1997 2 Trebetherick SW 9277 2005 2005 1 Tresco, Isles of Scilly SV 8915 2002 2004 5 SW 9377 2005 2007 4 Upper Beeding TQ 1910 2007 2007 1 Treknow SX 0586 2005 2005 1 Hillingdon TQ 0882 1987 1995 2 Trenarren SX 0348 2005 2007 2 Carausius morosus locations (4 records1) Trevone SW 8975 2004 2007 8 Leicester SK 5604 2008 2008 1 Trewetha SX 0079 2007 2007 1 Penzance SW 4630 2008 2008 1 Troon SW 6537 2008 2008 1 St Marys, Isles of Scilly SV 9110 2007 2007 1 Truro SW 8044 1993 2006 3 SV 9211 2007 2007 1 SW 8045 1999 1999 1 1 SW 8244 1993 2007 4 Clitarchus hookeri locations (27records )

SW 8245 c1920 2008 20 St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly SV 9112 1999 2008 18 SW 8344 1999 2009 5 Tresco, Isles of Scilly SV 8914 pre1949 1994 9 SW 8345 1993 2008 16 Clonopsis gallica locations (3 records1) Tywardreath SX 0754 1994 1994 2 SX 0854 1994 2007 11 Jersey WV 6355 1995 2003 3 Veryan SW 9139 2007 2007 1 1 The total may include more than one record from the same site, eg. a Veryan Green SW 9139 pre1983 2005 5 2001 report of a stick insect in one garden, including confirmation of their SW 9239 1993 1994 2 presence since 1995, with a 2003 update, will be treated as three records. SW 9972 2009 2009 1

September 2008 www.phasmid-study-group.org 20