ISSN 0003-0007

Volume 70 Number 1 January 1989

r LIMA BLOOMINGTON-NORMABLOC L ®KOKOMO * « LAFAYETTE _ fer MUNCIE | SPRINGFIELD CHAMPAI'AIGN-URBANA'^G f ^J^ W T V^^AN'ANDERoOI N SPRINGFIELD f ^DECATUR ^NV,LLE INDIANAPOLIS DA J IW DAYTON

I TERRE HAUTHAUTEE ^ - MIDDLETOWN (BLOOMINGT5 HAMILTON COLUMBIA CINCINNATI ST. LOUIS LEXINGTON m LOUISVI LLi *L Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/05/21 09:46 PM UTC Individual radar displays can only show you part of the picture. This composited image, centered in Pensacola, FL, combines echoes from four different radar sites and shows the true magnitude of the storm. In One When the real weather story is outside the positing adds the weather that's on its way. range of conventional radar, you need Alden's In addition to compositing, Alden's new radar compositing feature. System offers a full range of Compositing combines the echoes from standard features, including zoom, time-lapse multiple radar sites and displays them on a sin- looping, customized backgrounds, and auto- gle screen. You can specify the radar sites you dialer. Yet the cost is thousands less than want, or automatically gather echoes from all other systems. the sites in your region-up to 16 in some areas! For more information on Alden's Weather The result is a display that's dramatically Radar System, contact Alden Electronics, 46 different from conventional radar. Instead of Washington Street, Westborough, MA 01581 simply showing the weather that's here, com- (508)366-8851. ALDEN ELECTRONICS

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ADVANCED SENSORS WITH FAST RESPONSE AND HIGH RESOLUTION

The Lyman-Alpha measures rapid fluctuations. AIR's Lyman-Alpha Hygrometer is designed to measure rapid abso- lute humidity fluctuations with two-millisecond response and high spatial resolution over an LYMAN-ALPHA extremely wide range of conditions. HYGROMETER The instrument measures humidity in a small TOWER MOUNT volume of air by sensing vapor's absorption of light in a selected wavelength, the Lyman-Alpha emission line. A uniquely stable light source mini- mizes changes in light source intensity to assure accurate readings. The Lyman-Alpha Hygrometer is ideal for operation on meteorological towers, in laboratories, and on aircraft. Applications include humidity flux mea- surements, measurements in fast flowing gases, atmospheric turbulence research, and aircraft-based atmospheric humidity sensing. Key Specifications: Response: 2 ms (independent of ) Range: -80°C to +50°C dew point Spatial Resolution: 1 cm Hysteresis: none

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outputs temperature structure function, CT. The AIR Fast Response Temperature Sensor measures thermal fluctuations up rto 25 Hz. Applications include heat flux stud- ies, micro-, and sonic corrections. Both types of AIR temperature sensors are available for tower mount applications or for lower altitude research when mounted on an AIR probe. AIRCRAFT MOUNT Find out more. For complete specifications and additional information about AIR's advanced technology Humidity and Temperature Sensors, call or write:

Atmospheric Instrumentation Research, Inc. 8401 Baseline Rd. A, Boulder, CO 80303 TWX: 910-940-5904 FAX: 303-499-1767 (303)499-1701 Ext. 3 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/05/21 09:46 PM UTC HAS BELFORTS * NEW VISIBILITY METER CLOUDED THE FUTURE OF THE TRANSMISSOMETER?

Perhaps you've heard or read about it: be calibrated quickly and easily in any Belforfs powerful new forward-scatter kind of weather-even rain. visibility meter. It outperforms the trans- The compact single-pole visibility meter missometer in a number of key areas. is also much easier to install. And it costs Take accuracy. substantially less, while saving even more The transmissometer provides superior money on maintenance and calibration. accuracy under optimum laboratory Does this mean the beginning of the conditions. But the visibility meter does end of the transmissometer? Help decide far better in the field, determining for yourself. Call or write for more atmospheric visibility over an incredible information. Belfort Instrument, 727 range of 50 feet to 30 miles, in all S. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21231 weather conditions, with better accuracy. 301 -342-2626 FAX: 301 -342-7028 While the transmissometer requires 87528 BELFORT-BAL maintenance on a monthly basis, the visibility meter only needs it twice a year. BELFORT And, unlike the transmissometer, it can A Division of TransTechnology Corporation

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Volume 70

1989

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/05/21 09:46 PM UTC AMS policy on using copyrighted materials

Figures, tables and brief excerpts from the AMS primary Journals (BULLETIN OF THE AMS, JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY, MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW, JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY, WEATHER AND FORECASTING, JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, and METEOROLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS) may be used in scientific educational works provided the original source is acknowledged. This policy also applies to earlier issues in which the copyright notice may have stated a different policy. Restrictions on other uses of material from the above-mentioned primary pub- lications, including republication and copying of articles, are stated in the copyright notice near the front of each issue (see notice below for BULLETIN). It is emphasized that the policy stated in the opening sentence above applies only to primary publications listed there. For policy on copying and other uses of materials from METEOROLOGICAL AND GEOASTROPHYSICAL ABSTRACTS, the , and all other AMS publications and books, please consult the copyright notice in each. •

© Copyright 1989, American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this journal in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this journal that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law (17 USC, as revised by PL. 94- 553) does not require the Society's permission. Items that do not bear their own separate copyright notices either are in the public domain or are U.S. Government works for which copyright protection is not available. Authorization to photocopy items bearing individual AMS copyright notices at the bottom of their first page is granted by AMS for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the copies are for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, and further provided that the base fee of $4.25 per copy plus $0.25 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, and that the following fee code for this journal is reported with the payment to CCC: 0003-0007/83$4.25 + .25. Republication, systematic reproduction, and other uses of any material in this journal, unless exempted by the above statements, require written permission or license from the AMS.

2 Vol. 70, No. 1, lanuary 1989

Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/05/21 09:46 PM UTC eon Volume 70, Number 1, January 1989 articles Meteorological Considerations Used in Planning the NEXRAD of mo American Network D. A. Leone et al. 4 Chaos, Strange Attractors, and Weather A. A. Tsonis and J. B. Eisner 14 GUFMEX: A Study of Return Flow in the Gulf of Mexico meteorological J. M. Lewis et al. 24 Smoke Flow Visualization in a Tributary of a Deep Valley Society W. M. Porch et al. 30 meeting reviews Editor, Richard E. Hallgren The Seventh Conference on Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Technical Editor, Jack Kornfield J. J. Bates 36 Educational Affairs Editor, Summary of the Fourth International TOVS Study Conference David D. Houghton M.J. Lynch, W. P. Menzel, and A. Chedin 42 Production Editor, Jean C. Thomas News Editor, Brenda M. Gray correspondence Meetings Editor, Evelyn Mazur Forecasts of Fine Weather in the Literature of Classical Antiquity Advertising, Mary L. McMahon J. Neumann 46

programs The BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOG- ICAL SOCIETY is the official organ of the Society, devoted Seventh Conference on Atmospheric and Ocean Waves and to editorials, survey articles, professional and membership news, announcements, and Society activities. Editing and Stability of the American Meteorological Society 109 publishing are under the direction of Richard E. Hallgren, Seventh Conference on the Meteorology of the Middle Executive Director. Members are encouraged to send in- Atmosphere 121 formation to be considered for publication. Send four copies of each manuscript (text and illustrations). For guidance on preparation and style, see "Information for Contributors" announcements 13 50 years ago 80 on inside covers of a recent AMS research journal. nomination submissions 50 AMS periodicals 82 AMS announces undergraduate publications of the AMS 83 awards and scholarships 51 selected list of WMO publications 86 book reviews 53 AMS Officers, Councilors, and Commissioners: President, program revision 94 Roscoe R. Braham, Jr.; President-Elect, Joanne Simpson; new publications 66 Executive Director, Richard E. Hallgren; Past Presidents, news and notes 69 calendar of meetings 96 Albert J. Kaehn, Jr. and Joseph Smagorinsky; and Coun- corporation members 130 cilors, Richard A. Anthes, D. James Baker, Jr., William news from our chapters 73 D. Bonner, John J. Cahir, Robert A. Duce, Peter S. Ea- about our members 79 professional directory 132 gleson, Russell L. Elsberry, Elbert W. Friday, Jr., Thomas B. McKee, IanD. Rutherford, Pamela L. Stephens, Douglas 25 years ago 80 index to advertisers 144 H. Sargeant, William L. Smith, Paul D. Try, and Warren M. Washington; Commissioners, David D. Houghton, Clif- ford J. Murino, Richard E. Orville, James L. Rasmussen, and Robert T. Ryan.

The BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METE- OROLOGICAL SOCIETY (ISSN 0003-0007) is published Cover: Map of a portion of the NEXRAD network showing the principal severe weather approach zones monthly by the American Meteorological Society at 45 Bea- con St., Boston, MA 02108. Second-class postage paid at and the recommended radar sites. For more information, see the article entitled "Meteorological Con- Boston, MA, and at additional mailing offices. Subscription siderations Used in Planning the NEXRAD Network," by D. A. Leone, R. M. Endlich, J. Petriceks, price to members is included in annual dues ($30 per year). R. T. H. Collis, and J. R. Porter, beginning on page 4. Subscription price to nonmembers is available on request; single issues are $15 each. Address all business commu- nications, purchase orders, and inquiries to the Executive Director, American Meteorological Society, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108 (617-227-2425). POSTMASTER: Send address changes to BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN ME- TEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, 45 Beacon St., Boston, MA 02108.

° Copyright 1989, American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this journal in scientific and educational work is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this journal that is determined to be "fair use" under Section 107 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law (17 USC, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the Society's permission. Items that do not bear their own separate copyright notices either are in the public domain or are U.S. Government works for which copyright protection is not available. Authorization to photocopy items bearing individual AMS copyright notices at the bottom of their first page is granted by AMS for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the copies are for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, and further provided that the base of $4.25 per copy plus $0.25 per page is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, and that the following fee code for this journal is reported with the payment to CCC: 0003-0007/83 $4.25 + .25. Republication, systematic reproduction, and other uses of any material in this journal, unless exempted by the above statements, require written permission or license from the AMS.

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