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Sociology: the Key Concepts Brings Together a Strong Group of Well- Known Experts to Review Ideas from All Areas of This Diverse and Pluralistic Discipline

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Sociology: the Key Concepts Brings Together a Strong Group of Well- Known Experts to Review Ideas from All Areas of This Diverse and Pluralistic Discipline SOCIOLOGY Sociology: The Key Concepts brings together a strong group of well- known experts to review ideas from all areas of this diverse and pluralistic discipline. Exploring the key debates and founding ideas of this excit- ing field of study, the book is fully cross-referenced and covers such topics as: • Community • Childhood • Emotion • Discourse • Race and racialisation • Modernity • McDonaldisation • Gender • Consumption • Social capital • Identity John Scott is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex. His most recent books include Power (2001), Sociology (with James Fulcher, third edition, 2006) and Social Theory: Central Issues in Sociology (2006). Also available from Routledge Sociology: The Basics Martin Albrow 0–415–17264–0 Key Quotations in Sociology K. Thompson 0–415–05761–2 Cultural Theory: The Key Thinkers Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick 0–415–23281–3 Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts (Second edition) Edited by Andrew Edgar and Peter Sedgwick 0–415–28426–0 Habermas: The Key Concepts Andrew Edgar 0–415–30379–6 The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism Edited by Sarah Gamble 0–415–24310–6 The Routledge Companion to Postmodernism Edited by Stuart Sim 0–415–33359–8 SOCIOLOGY The Key Concepts Edited by John Scott First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2006 John Scott This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN10: 0–415–34405–0 (hbk) ISBN10: 0–415–34406–9 (pbk) ISBN10: 0–203–48832–6 (ebk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–34405–0 (hbk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–34406–7 (pbk) ISBN13: 978–0–203–48832–4 (ebk) CONTENTS List of Key Concepts vii Contributors ix Introduction xvii KEY CONCEPTS 1 Glossary of theoretical approaches 197 Index 208 v LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS Action and agency Alienation Anomie Bureaucracy Capitalism Change and development Childhood Citizenship Civil society Class Collective representations Community Consumption Conversation Cultural capital Culture Definition of the situation Deviance Discourse Division of labour Domestic labour Elite Emotion Ethnicity Gender Globalisation Habitus Hybridity Ideology and hegemony Industrialism vii LIST OF KEY CONCEPTS Institution Kinship, family and marriage McDonaldisation Masculinity Medicalisation Migration and diasporas Mobility Modernisation and development Modernity Narratives and accounts Nation Organisation Patriarchy Poverty and inequality Power Race and racialisation Rational action Rationalisation Religion Role Self and identity Sex and sexuality Social capital Social movements Social structure Social system Socialisation Society Solidarity State Status Subculture Surveillance Time and space Tradition and traditionalism Underclass Urbanism World systems viii CONTRIBUTORS Stephen Ackroyd Professor of Organisational Analysis in the University of Lancaster Management School. Specialising in public sector organisations and strategic organisation, his most recent publications include The Organization of Business: Applying Organizational Theory to Contemporary Change (Oxford University Press, 2002) and Critical Realist Applications in Organisation and Management Studies (with S. Fleetwood, Routledge, 2004). Alan Aldridge Reader in the Sociology of Culture in the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Nottingham. His publications include Religion in the Contemporary World (Polity Press, 2000), Consumption (Polity Press, 2003) and The Market (Polity Press, 2005). Meryl Aldridge Reader in the Sociology of News Media in the School of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Nottingham. Her publications include ‘The ties that divide: regional press campaigns, community and populism’, Media, Culture and Society (2003), ‘Rethinking the concept of professionalism: the case of journalism’, British Journal of Sociology (with J. Evetts, 2003) and ‘Teleology on Television? Implicit models of evolution in broadcast wildlife and nature programmes’, European Journal of Communication (with R. Dingwall, 2003). Graham Allan Professor of Sociology at the University of Keele, having previously taught at the University of Southampton. His recent publications include The State of Affairs: Explorations in Infidelity and Commitment (joint editor with J. Duncombe, K. Harrison and D. Marsden, Erlbaum, 2004), Social Networks and Social Exclusion (joint editor with C. Phillipson and D. Morgan, Ashgate, 2004) and Families, Households and Society (with Graham Crow, Palgrave, 2001). ix CONTRIBUTORS Robin Blackburn Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex, having studied and taught at the LSE and Oxford in the 1960s. He has been a member of the editorial committee of New Left Review since 1962 and was Editor from 1981 to 1999. He has been con- sulting editor of Verso since 1970. Research interests include comparative investigations of slavery and of contemporary financial institutions. His publications include The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern (Verso, 1997), The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery (Verso, 1988) and Banking on Death. Or, Investing in Life: The History and Future of Pensions (Verso, 2002). Joan Busfield Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex, she trained initially as a clinical psychologist at the Tavistock Clinic. Her research has focused on psychiatry and mental disorder, and her main publications include Managing Madness: Changing Ideas and Practice (Hutchinson, l986), Men, Women and Madness (Macmillan, 1996) and Health and Health Care in Modern Britain (Oxford University Press, 2000). She is the editor of Rethinking the Sociology of Mental Health (Blackwell, 2001). Eamonn Carrabine Senior Lecturer at the Department of Sociology at the University of Essex. His teaching and research interests lie in the fields of criminology and cultural studies. His books include Crime in Modern Britain (with Pamela Cox, Maggy Lee and Nigel South, Oxford University Press, 2002), Criminology: A Sociological Introduction (with Paul Iganski, Maggy Lee, Ken Plummer, Nigel South, Routledge, 2004) and Power, Discourse and Resistance: A Genealogy of the Strangeways Prison Riot (Ashgate, 2004). He is currently working on a book on Crime and the Media: Interrogating Representations of Transgression in Popular Culture. Nickie Charles Professor and Director of the Centre for the Study of Women and Gender in the Sociology Department at the University of Warwick. She has recently completed a restudy of research into the family and social change carried out in the 1960s in Swansea and is currently working on the book of the project. With colleagues at Swansea she is about to start work on a new, ESRC-funded project, ‘Gender and political processes in the context of devolution’ which will take devolved government in Wales as a case study. She is the author of Gender in Modern Britain (Oxford University Press, 2002). Amanda Coffey Senior Lecturer at the School of Social Sciences at Cardiff University. Her research interests include young people and transitions to adulthood, education, labour markets and the sociology x CONTRIBUTORS of gender. Her publications include Education and Social Change (Open University Press, 2001) and Reconceptualizing Social Policy (Open University Press, 2004). Robin Cohen Professor of Sociology at the University of Warwick. His notable titles in the field of migration are Frontiers of Identity: The British and The Others (1994), The Cambridge Survey of World Migration (edited, 1995) and Global Diasporas: An Introduction (first published in 1997, with many subsequent editions and translations). His forthcoming book is titled Migration and its Enemies. Graham Crow Professor of Sociology at the University of Southampton, where he has worked since 1983. His research interests include the sociology of families and communities, sociological theory and comparative sociology. His most recent book is The Art of Sociological Argument (Palgrave, 2005). Fiona Devine Professor of Sociology at the University of Manchester, having previously been a Researcher at the Department of Employment and the PSI and taught at the University of Liverpool. She is the author of Affluent Workers Revisited: Privatism and the Working Class (Edinburgh University Press, 1992), Social Class in America and Britain (Edinburgh University Press, 1997), Sociological Research Methods in Context (with Sue Heath, Macmillan, 1999) and Class Practices: How Parents Help Their Children Get Good Jobs (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Jean Duncombe Principal Lecturer at the School of Social Studies at University College Chichester, where she is Head of Childhood Studies and works on issues of family and long-term relationships. She
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