Scotlands Mark on America

SCOTLAND ’S MARK ON AMERICA

FR AS E R BLA PM ) . CK.

With a Fo re word

By JOHN FOOR D

P ublis h !! by

! ' Se ction of America s Making

Ne w York. 1 92 ! o h 1 921 C pyrig t, B y GE O RGE F RAS E R B L A CK F O R E WO R D

It has been s aid that the Scot is never so much at home as when he

- is abroad . Under this half j esting reference to one of the character is tics o f our race , there abides a sober truth , namely, that the Scots man carries with him from his parent home into the world without no half - hearted acceptance of the duties required o f him in the land of his — adoption . He is usually a public spirited citizen , a useful member o f society, wherever you ﬁnd him . But that does not lessen the warmth f o o f or . his attachment to the place his birth , the land of his forbears

Be his connection with Scotland near or remote, there is enshrined t in the inner sanctuary of his heart, memories , sentimen s , yearnings , that are the heritage o f generations with whom love of their count ry was a dominant passion , and pride in the deeds that her children have done an incentive to effort and an antidote against all tha t was base n or ig oble . It is a fact that goes to the core of the secular struggle for human freedom that whole - hearted Americanis m ﬁnds no j arring note in the f s the sentim ent o the Scot , be that sentiment ever so inten e . In sedulous cultivation of the Scottish spirit there is nothing alien , and , still more emphatically , nothing harm ful, to the institutions under t which we live . The things that nourish the one , engender attachmen the and loyalty to the other . So , as we cherish memories o f the Moth ’ e s ou r C rland , keep in touch with the simple annal o f hildhood s home , s of or the home of our kin, bask in the ﬁre ide glow its homely humor, o f old or dwell in imagination amid the haunts romance, we are the better Americans for the Scottish heritage from which heart and mind alike derive inspiration and delight . It is as difficult to separate the current of Scottish migration to the ou American Colonies , or to the United States that grew t of them ,

e s E from th larger stream which is ued from ngland , as it is to dis tinguis h during the last two hundred years the contributions by Scots E o f E men from those o f nglishmen to the great body nglish literature . o f ne w 1 790 We have the ﬁrst census the Republic , in the year , and a n investigator who classiﬁed this enumeration according to what he o f conceived to be the nationality the names , found that the total free,

o e white, p pulation numb ring contained people of tti o f E nglish origin ; of Sco sh origin, and Irish origin . S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME R ICA

“ The s s tem f c as siﬁcati n is m the y o l o anife stly loose, and distribution o f

at o t no . r parent n i nalities en irely at variance with k wn facts _ That pa t e u t i l - c of th pop la ion described as Ir sh was argely Ulster S ottish , the true Irish never having emigrated in any considerable numbers until they felt the pressure of the potato famine, ﬁfty years later . There is

' i m of the excellent author ty for the state ent that , at the outbreak Revolutionary War one-third of the entire population of Pe nns yl - E r vania was o f Ul ster Scottish origin . A New ngland histo ian , t a t 1 730 1 770 quoted by Whitelaw Reid , counts h t be ween and at least half a million souls were transferred from Uls te r to the Colonies ’ more th an hal f of the Presbyt erian population of Ulster— and that at the time of the Revolution they ma de one-sixth of the total popula tion of the nascent Republic . Another authority ﬁxes the inhabitants of Scottish ancestry in the nine Co lonies south o f N e w E ngland at about He counts that less than half o f the entire population C E i t e o f the olonies was of nglish orig n , and hat n arly, or quite one

t c a . third of it , had a direc S ottish ncestry These conclusions find powerful support in the number of distin gu is he d men whom the Scots and the Ulstermen contributed to the o Revolutionary struggle, and to the public li fe of the early days f the ’ t - wo e . O t t United States ut of Washing on s wenty brigadi r generals , em nine were o f Scottish descent , and one of the greatest achiev ents o f the war— the rescue of Kentucky and the whole rich territory O t — northwest of the hio , from which five Sta es were formed was that i of General George Rogers Clark , a Scottish nat ve of Albert County, i W C Virg nia . hen the Supreme ourt of the United States was first organized by Washington three of the four Associate Justices were of — - the same blood o ne a Scot and two Ulster Scots . When the first C l t e d hief Justice, John Jay, eft h bench , his successor, John Rutle ge , ’ was an Ulster - Scot ; Washington s first cabinet contained four mem — - bers two of them were Scotch and the t hird was an Ulster Scot . Out of the fifty-six members who composed the Congress that adopted h c t e Declaration o f Independen e eleven were o f Scottish descent . It a o was in response to the appe l of a Scot , John Withersp on, that the D eclaration was signed ; it is preserved in the handwriting of an Ulster- Scot who was Secretary o f the Congress ; it was first publicly a -S re d to the people by an Ulster cot , and first printed by a third

' member of the same vigorous body of early settlers . George Bancroft will hardly be accu s ed of holding a brief for the b t E Scot in American history u , with all his New ngland predilections, “ he frankly records this conclusion : We shall ﬁnd the ﬁrst voice pub licl i y raised in Amer ca to dissolve all connection with Great B ritain, m E D ca e not from the Puritans of New ngland , or the utch of New s cot l AND ’s MARK ON AME RI CA 5

a - i t York , or the pl nters of Virginia , but from Scotch Ir sh Presby er ” i s . ian It was Patrick Henry,a Scot, who, k ndled the popular flame i t for independence . The foremost , the most irreconc lable, the mos th t t determined in pushing e quarrel to the las extremity, were hose whom the bishops and Lord Donegal Company had been pleased to drive out of Ulster . The distinguished place which men of Scottish or of Ul s ter origin had asserted for themselves in the councils of the Colonies was not lost when the Colonies became independent States . Among the first of the thirteen origina l States two-thirds were of either Scottish or - i ffi Ulster Scottish orig n . O f the men who have filled the great o ce h i t n -five o f President of t e Un ted States , eleven out of the whole we ty th t ha come under e same ca egory . About lf the Secretaries of the Treasury o f the Government of the United Sta tes have been of

the . Scottish descent , and nearly a third of Secretaries o f State But it is perhaps in the intangible things that go to the making of nationa l character that the Scottish contribution to the making of

a e . 1 801 o Americ has b en most/notable In , the population f the ut il a -an whole of Scotland was b little over a m lion and a h l f, d behind “ t n n hat there were at leas t eight centuries of natio al history. Behi d r ti t and s that , too , were all the long gene a ons of oil trife in which the Scott ish character was being molded into the forms that Scott and full r Burns made immortal . It is a character o f cu rious cont asts , with s n e t a its tro g predil c ion for theology and met physics on one side , and

r m th e . ts for poet y and ro ance on other Hard , dry and practical in i i the f att tude to ordinary af airs of life, it is apt to catch fire from a i m t n sudden enthus as , as if vola ility were its domi ant note and insta has bility its only fixed attribute . And so it come about that side by lvinis fi di i it t r m t side with tomes o f Ca c v n y, here has been t ans it ed to

‘ S cotsme n an equally characte ri s tic product o f the mind of their raceh k e a body of fol song, of ballad po try , of legend and of story in that quaint and co pious Doric speech which makes so direct an appeal to et the no the hearts of men wh her they are to manner born or t. It is a a t at n o i in he maki h th su rely a p r dox h a ati n wh ch , t ng, ad e hardest a t n t i kind of work to extr ct a scan y livi g from a s ubborn so l, and still to n t ei inde endence thei l be ti s i harder work defe d h r p , r i r e , their fa th e u n from foes of their own kindr d , sho ld be best k own to the world for the romantic ideals they have cheris hed and the chivae us follies for which their blood has be e n s hed . m But , it is well to rem e ber that long before the Reformers o f the sixt nt ce u i s o of ee h nt ry founded the par sh cho l system Scotland , the monas t eries had thei r schools and so had the parish churches ; the re we re high schools in the burghs and song schools of remarkable ex 6 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

ll n m ce e ce . The light of learning may have waxed dim at ti es , but it was not from an illiterate land that Scottish scholars ca rried into E urope all through the Middle Ages the name and fame of their country, any more than it was from a people unversed in the arts of i war that Scottish soldiers went abroad to fight foreign battles , g ving -in-C now a Constable to France, a General hief to Russia and still again a Lieutenant to Gustavus Adolphus . I f evidence were needed f ttis i o the vigor of the Sco h race, it is read ly forthcoming in the fact ’ that for five hundred years the Land O Cake s enriched the world with the surplus of her able men . t Nurse o f heroes , nurse of martyrs, nurse of freemen, are ti les which belong o f right to our Motherland and she has been j ustified of her children , at home and abroad . The rolls of honor of many countries and many climes bear their names ; there is no field of dis tinction whether it be of thought or ‘ oi act ion that has not witnessed t t their triumphs . Tha Sco land has yielded more than her share of the men who have gone forth to the conques t of the world is largely ' due to the fact that it was part of her discipline that men must first a influ conquer themselves . The we kest o f them felt that restraining ence, and the striving after the Scottish ideal , however feeble, has been n i a protection against si k ng into utter baseness . The most wayward ! o n scions of the Scottish family have kn wn that i fluence, and have borne t estimony to the beauty of the homely virtues which they falie d to practice and the nobility of aspirations which fell short of controll ing their life . It belongs to the character and antecedents of Scotsmen that the attribute o f national independence should take so high a place among ff the obj ects of human e ort and desire . It was because Scotland set tle d for all time, six hundred years ago, her place as an independent State that she proved herself capable o f begetting men like John

n . K ox , Robert Burns and Walter Scott It is because the vigor of the Scottish race and the adaptiveness of the Scottish genius remain today unimpaired , that the lustre of Scottish names shone so bril liantl l y during the World War . It may be conﬁdent y asserted that, whether regarded as a race or a people no members of the great E ng - e mi m t l lish sp aking fa ly did ore promp ly, more cheerful y or more courageously make the sacriﬁces required to perform their full part in the struggle to defend the freedom that belongs to our common heritage and to pres erve the ideals without which we should not

n regard life as worth living . The union, ce turies old , in the Scottish mind and heart of the most uncompromising devotion to individual b the o t er i i li erty with m s f v d patr otism , is a sentiment of which the 1 n world stands greatly need today . We need not go far to ﬁnd evi S COTLAND’S MAR K ON AM E RI CA dence of how perilous it is to sink regard for the great conception n l o f human brotherhood in a arrow, nationa istic concern for indi

th u . e d ti e vidual interests In Scottish conception of liberty , s have al e hi as ri hts it has ways b en rated as ghly g ; been a constructive , not a destructive formula; it has been an inspiration to raise men out of s e n o them in i t hem lves , ot t prompt to indulge ant cs of promiscuous o f leveling . The kind democracy for which Scotsmen have deemed t the u uma od hat world sho ld be made safe is a h n brotherho , indeed , t e i u i ff but a bro h rhood mb ed w th the generous rivalry of e ort , the e t i m em u ac i me n hus as o f ulo s h eve nt, and not one of inglorious, l monotonous and colorless equa ity . JOH N Foonn

CONTE NTS

S cotti sh E migration t o th e American Som e Prominent Scots and Scots Families

Sco ts as Colonial and Provincial

c s the S ot and D eclaration of Independenc e. Scots as Sign ers of th e D eclaration of Independence Scots i n th e Presidency

Scots as Vic e Pre s ide nts Scot s as Cab inet Ofﬁ cers Scots in the Senate Scot s in the House of Representatives Scot s in th e Judiciary Scots a s Am bassadors Scots as St ate Go vernors Scot s in Sc ots in Scots as Scientists Scot s as Physicians Scots in Scot s in Literature Scot s i n the Church and Social Scot s as t Sco s in Art , Architecture, etc

Sco ts a s Inventors .

Scot s as E ngineers .

Scots in Industries .

Scot s in B anking , Finance , Insurance and Railroads

ts as l s P Sco J ourna is t , ublishers and Typefounders Some Pro minent Scots in N e w York City Scot tish Societi es in th e United S tat es

Li st of Principal Authoriti es Referred to No people s o fe w in numb er have scored so deep ’ a mark in the w orld s hi st ory a s the Scots have o done . No peopl e hav e a greater right t be proud of

— m A n h n r d e . Ja es t o F au their blood y . ’ S co t land s M ark o n A m e rica

S COTTISH E M IGRATION T O THE AM E RICAN COLONIE S

Scottish emigration to America came in two streams — one direct from the motherland and the other through the province of Ulster in the north o f Ireland . Those who came by this second route are “ “ t usually known as Ulster Sco s , or more commonly as Scotch i Irish , and they have been cla med as Irishmen by Irish writers in the

United States . This is perhaps excusable but hardly j ust . Through out their residence in Ireland the Scots settlers preserved their dis tinc

s tive Scottish characteri tics, and generally described themselves as the ” Scottish nation in the north of Ireland . They , of course , like the early pioneers in this country , experienced certain changes through the inﬂuence of their new surroundings , but , as one writer has remarked , “ they remained as distinct from the native population as i f they had never crossed the Channel . They were among the Irish but not of them . Their sons, too , when they attended the classes in the Uni ' “ ve rs it of n the y Glasgow , sig ed matriculation register as A Scot of ” t Ireland . They did not intermarry with the native Irish , hough they did intermarry to some ext ent with the E ngli s h Puritans and with the out French Huguenots . ( These Huguenots were colonies driven of E 1 685 France by the Revocation of the dict of Nantes in , and induced to settle in the north o f Ireland by William III . To this people Ireland is indebted for its lace industry , which they introduced into that country . ) Again many Irish -American writers on the Scots Plantation of Ulster have assumed that the Scots settlers were entirely or almost of i n Ga elic orig n , ig oring the fact , if they were aware of it , that the people of the Scottish lowlands were “almost as E nglish in racial derivation ”

E . his tor as i f they had come from the North of ngland Parker, the N e w m e a ian of Londonderry , Ha p shire, sp king o f the early Scots “ E ha s : settlers in New ngland , well said Although t hey came to this land from Ireland , where their ancestors had a century before planted themselves , yet they retained unmixed the national Scotch character . 1 2 S COTLAN D’S MAR K ON AM E RI CA

f T Nothing sooner of ended them than to be called Irish . heir antipathy to this appellation had its origin in the hostility then existing in Ireland C E h between the eltic race, the native Irish , and the nglish and Scotc

n His tor o N e w Ham s hire . colonists . Belk ap , in his y f p ( Boston 1 7 1 M acG re or 1 677-1 729 9 ) quotes a letter from the Rev . James g ( ) “ to Governor Shute in which the writer says : We are surprised to r o e n u hear ourselves te med Irish pe pl , when we so frequently ve t red our all for the British Crown and liberties against the Irish papists , and gave all tests of our loyalty, which the government of Ireland

m . required , and are always ready to do the same when de anded Down to the present day the descendants of these Ulster Scots sett lers living in the United States who have maintained an interest - in o f and their origin , always insist that they are Scottish not of Irish f t . origin . On this point it will be su ﬁcient to quote the la e Hon Leon -ﬁ N e w . t v ard Allison Morrison, o f Hampshire Writing wenty e years “ ago he said : I am one of Scotch -I rish blood and my ancestor came with

R v M c r or th e e . G e g of Londonderry , and neither y nor any o f their ‘ ’ descendants were willing to be called me rely Irish . I have twice vis ” “

A hadowne Co . m ited , he adds, the parish of g y, Londonderry, fro d which they came , in Ireland , and all that locality is ﬁlle , not with ‘ ’ - t d Irish but with Scotch Irish , and his is pure Scotch blood to ay, ” after more than 200 years . The mountaineers of Tennessee and n of r Kentucky are largely the desce dants these same Ulste Scots, and their origin is conclusively shown by the phrase used by mothers to “ ’ i : e C . . their unruly children I f you don t b have, lavers [ e , Claver ” house] will get you . I f -we must continue to use the hyphen when referring to these “ early immigrants it is preferable to use the term Ulster Scot instead “ ” - h be o f Scotch Irish , as was pointed out by the late W itelaw Reid , it be cause does not confuse the race with the accident of birth, and “ cause the people preferred it thems elves . I f these Scottish and Pres ” “ b t e rian y colonists , he says , must be called Irish because they had e two n be n one or generations in the orth of Ireland , then the Pilgrim e n Fathers , who had b en one ge eration or more in Holland , must by the same reasoning be called Dutch or at the very lea st E nglish ” Dutch . To understa nd the reasons for the Scots colonization of Ulste r and ' the replantation in America it is nec essary to look back thre e centuries in Briti sh history . On the crushing of the Irish rebellion under Sir ’ Cahir O D oghe rty in 1 607 about acres of forfeited land in the

of - s l province Ul ter were at the disposa of the crown . At the sug m E . w s gestion of King Ja es the I of ngland , Ulster a divided into lots

f e E C e r and o fer d to colonists from ngland . ircumstanc s , howeve , turned S COTLAND’S MAR K ON AME RI CA 1 3 what was mainly intended to be an E nglish enterprise into a Scott ish n i “ i o e . Scottish part cipation which does not seem to have been orig d ” nally regar ed as important , became eventually, as Ford points out, f “ the mainst ay o the enterprise . Although from the ﬁrst there was an understanding between [ Sir Arthur] Chichester and the E nglish Privy Council that eventua lly the plantation would be opened to Scotch set ' tle rs ,no steps were taken in that direction until the plan had been ma t ure d The ﬁ rSt

l public announcement o f any Scottish connec t o f 1 9 1 609 tion with the Uls er plantation appears in a letter March , ,

r x t E n f om Sir Ale ander Hay , the Scot ish secretary resident at the g i C E u om l sh Court, to the Scottish Privy ouncil at dinb rg In this c munication Hay announced that the king out of his uns pe ikable love ” and tindir affe c tioun for his Scottish subj ects had decided that they and r o r were to be allowed a share , he adds , that here is a g eat ppo “ tunity for Scotland since we haif greitt advant aige o f transporting l i “ i i . t a l . e re a r o f our men and be s [ , live stock of a farm] in g de we lye ” s s ter I m te ei o neir to that coiste of Ul . m edia ly on rec pt o f this letter the Scottish Privy Council made public proclamation o f the news and “ announced t hat those of them quho ar disposit to tak ony land in ” Y l n o t re a d were t present their desires and pe itions to the Council . “ The first appli cation enrolled was by James A ndirs oun portionair of ” l 1 4 S m - Lit e Govane, and by the th of epte ber seventy seven Scots had f come forward as purchasers . I f their o fers had been accepted, they 1 61 1 would have possessed among them acres of land . In , in cons e quenc e of a rearrangement of applicants the number o f favored fi f — - Scots was reduced to ty nine, with eighty one thousand acres of “ ” E t a t s . l nd at heir dispo al ach of these Under akers , as they were le n cal d , was accompanied to his new home by kinsme , friends, and as O a i d tenants, Lord chiltree, for inst nce, who is ment one as having “ ie t - i arrived accompan d with thir y three followers , a min ster, some ten fi ' arti cers . e nd of 1 6 1 2 ants , freeholders , [and] B y the the emigration s the from Scotland is e timated to have reached Indeed , before end of this year so rapidly had the t rafli c increase d be tween Scotland and Irela nd that the passage between the southwest of Scotland and “ ” l commoun a f rric th U ster is now become a and ane ordin rie e , e boat

. men of which were having a rare time of it by charging what they pleased for the passage or freight . In the selection of the settlers “ measures were ca refully taken that they should be from the inwards ” a p rt of Scotland , and that they should be so located in Ulster that “ ” “ i - they may not mix nor nter marry with the mere I rish . For the most part the settlers appear to have been selected from the shires of

Dumbarton , Ren frew , Ayr, Galloway , and Dumf ries . E migration from Scotland to Ireland appe ars to have continued steadily and the 1 4 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

E C nglish historian arte estimated , after diligent documentary study , that by 1 64 1 there were in Ulster Scots and E nglish 1 656 settlers . In it was proposed by the Irish government that persons “ of the Scottish nation desiring to come into Ireland” should be pro i t o the m h bi e d from settling in Ulster or County L uth , but sche e was ff a not put into e ect . Governmental opposition notwithst nding emigra tion from Scotland to Ireland appears to have continued steadily, and after the Revolution of 1 688 there seems to have been a further in 1 71 5 crease . Archbishop Synge estimated that by not less than - Scottish families had sett led in Ulster during these twenty seven years . “ It should be also mentioned that before the Uls ter plantation began there was already a considerable Scottish occupation of the region t nearest to Scotland . These Scot ish settlements were conﬁned to coun ties Down and Antrim , which were not included in the scheme of the plantation . Their existence facilitated Scottish emigration to the plan tafion and they were inﬂuential in giving the plantation the Scottish h character which it promptly acquired . Alt ough planned to be in the E t e t main an nglish se tlem nt , wi h one whole county turned over to the city of London alone, it soon became in the main a Scottish set l ” t ement. The Scots were not long settled in Ulster before misfortune and 1 . 1 64 persecution began to harass them The Irish rebellion of , said by some to have been an outbreak directed against the Scottish and E nglish settlers , regarded by the native Irish as intruders and usurp ff for ers , caused them much su ering ; and Harrison says that several years afterward emigrants annually left Ulster for the Amer 1 a ican plantations . The Revolution of 688 w s also long and bloody in Ireland and the sufferings of the sett lers reached a climax in the u ff siege of Londonderry (April to Aug st , They su ered also from the restrictions laid upon their industries and commerce by the

E . nglish government These restrictions, and later the falling in of

- a ment ‘ o f leases, rack renting by the landlords , p y tithes for support of a church with which they had no connection , and several other bur dens and annoyances , were the motives which impelled emigration to 1 71 8 the American colonies from onwards . Five ships bearing seven 4 1 7 1 8 hundred Ulster Scots emigrants arrived in Boston on August , , f R o ev. under the leadership William Boyd . They were allowed to select a township site of twelve miles square at any place on the fron f i . e w t W cas s e t W rc tiers A settled at Por land , Maine , at , and at o es

the ter and Haverhill , Massachusetts , but greater number ﬁnally at d 1 723-4 London erry , New Hampshire . In they built a parsonage and m M ac re G or. a church for their minister , Rev . Ja es g In six years they had four schools , and within nine years Londonderry paid one S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA 1 5

1 776 ﬁfteenth of the state tax . Previous to the Revolution of ten dis

H . tinct settlem ents were made by colonists from Londonderry, N . , all of which became towns of inﬂuence and importance . Notable among the descendants of these colonist s were Matt hew Thornton , M cCulloch Henry Knox , Gen . John Stark, Hugh , Horace Greeley, l l n M cC e l alrnon . . a S . C Gen . George B , P hase , and Asa Gray From “ 1 77 1 to 1 773 the whole emigration from Ulster is estimated at ” of whom were weavers . 1 C In 706 the Rev . otton Mather put forth a plan to settle hardy Scots families on the frontiers of Maine and N ew Hampshire to pro i s t e ct the towns and churches there from the French and Ind an , the

Puritans evidently not being able to protect themselves . He says, I write letters unto diverse persons of Honour bo th in Scotland and in E o f oo C to ngland ; to procure Settlements G d Scotch olonies , the o f Northward of us . This may be a thing great consequence and elsewhere he suggest s that a Scott ish colony might be o f good service

- f . 1 735 in getting possession o Nova Scotia In , twenty seven families , 1 753 and in a company o f sixty adults and a number of children , collected in Scotland by General Samuel Waldo, were landed at ’

e . o f G orge s River, Maine In honor of the ancient capital their native country, they named their settlement Stirling . Another and an important cause of the early appearance of Scots in America was the wars between Scotland and E ngland during the s take n t Commonwealth . Large numbers of Scotti h prisoners a Dunbar 1 650 and 1 651 ( ) at Worcester ( ) were sold into service in the Colonies , a shipload arriving in Boston Harbor in 1 652 on the ship John and S am . The means taken to ameliorate their condition led in 1 657 to the foundation of the Scots Charitable Society o f Boston— the earliest known Scottish society in America . Its foundation may be taken as evidence that there were already prosperous and inﬂuential Scots liv ing in Boston at that time . A list o f the pas sengers of the John and ’ S am ff D e e d R e c r 1 - o ds . 5 6 is given in Su olk (bk , pp . ) and in Drake s Th e ou nde rs o N ew E n land t 1 8 60 . 74 F f g ( Bos on , , pp These men , says Boulton , worked out their terms of servitude at the Lynn iron works and elsewhere , and founded honorable families whose a Scotch names appear upon our e rly records . No account exists of ’ the Scotch prisoners that were sent to N e w E ngland in Cromwell s 1 650 x M cI ntire s time ; at York in were the Ma wells, , and Grants . The M k hl n i. ac clot a s e . , n Claﬂins [ Mac Lachlans] , later k own as the , gave a governor to Massachusetts and distinguis hed merchants to Ne w ” York City . The bitter persecution of Presbyterians during the periods of epis copal rule in the latter hal f of the seventeenth century also contributed 1 6 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

t largely to Scottish emigration to the ne w world . A Scot ish merchant in Boston named Hugh Campbell , Obtained permission from the authorities o f the Bay State Colony in February 1 679 -80 to bringin a number of settlers from Scotland and to establish them in the N epmug

o f s . country in the vicinity Springﬁeld , Mas achusetts So desperate had matters become in Scotland at the beginning of the eighth decade Of the seventeenth century that a number of the nobility and gentry determined to s ettle in New Jers ey and the Caro 1 682 linas . One of these colonies was founded in New Jersey in under E the management Of James Drummond , arl Of Perth , John Drum mond , Robert Barclay the Quaker Apologist , David and John Bar r clay , his brothers , Robert Go don , Gawen Lawrie, and George Wil 1 . 684 locks In Gawen Lawrie , who had been for several years prev iou s l Of y residing in the colony , was appointed Deputy Governor the

E . s province, and ﬁxed his residence at lizabeth In the ame year Perth 5 0 of E ( named in honor the arl Of Perth , one of the principal proprie now tors , Perth Amboy) was made the capital Of the new Scottish settlement . During the following century a constant stream o f emi grants both from Scotland and from Ulster came to the colony . One o f the principal encouragers of the Scottish colony in N e w Jersey

P l h rie h e was e or . 1 685 it oc ad r G orge Scot Scott ( d ) of , who been pe ate dly ﬁned and imprisoned by the Privy Council o f Scotland for “ C ” attending onventicles , as clandestine religious gatherings were then

of o f called in Scotland , and in the hope Obtaining freedom worship ' “ ” TO in the ne w world he proposed to emigrate to the plantations .

othéfs t o E 1 685 encourage do the like he printed at dinburgh ( ) a work , “ of now very rare, called The Model the Government of the Province of E N ew E ast Jersey , in America ; and ncouragement for Such as ” Design to be concerned there . Scot received a grant of ﬁve hundred o f he acres in recognition his having written the work , and sailed in t

Henry and Francis for America . A malignant fever broke out among the passengers and nearly half on board perished including Scot and his wi fe . A son and daughter survived and the proprietors a year after issued a conﬁrmation of the grant to Scot’s daughter and her husband

( John Johnstone) , many of whose descendants are still living in New

Jersey . f s 1 685 Walter Ker o Dalserf , Lanarkshire , bani hed in , settled in C Freehold , and was active in organizing the Presbyterian hurch there , one of the Oldest in Ne w Jersey . The Scots settlers who came over at this period occupied most of the northern counties of the state but many went south and southwest, mainly around Princeton, and , says h “ e . Samuel Smith , the ﬁrst historian of t province , There were very h E t e . soon four towns in Province , viz , lizabeth , Newark, Middletown

1 8 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

m C e t Western Isles had e barked for arolina and G orgia , including for y o r ﬁfty families from Jura alone . In September o f following year it is stated that a hundred families o f Highlanders had arrived at “ t Brunswick , North Carolina, and two vessels are daily expected wi h ” u 1 76 M ll more . In Aug st 9 the ship o y sailed from Islay full of pas s n e rs C e g for North arolina , which was the third or fourth emigra ” tion from Argyll since the conclusion of the late war . In August 1 770 it was stated that since the previous April six vessels carrying about twelve hundred emigrants had sailed from the west ern High for the lands North Carolina . In February o f the following year same magazine states that ﬁve hundred souls in Islay and adj acent islands were preparing to emigrate to America in the following summer . In

‘ September of the same year three hundred and seventy persons sailed from Skye for North Carolina , and two entries in the magazine for 1 772 record the emigration of numbers from Sutherland and Loch

E rribol. In the same year a writer says the people who have emi grated from the Western Isles since the year 1 768 “ have carried with them at least ten thousand pounds in specie . Notwithstanding this is a 1 5 5 great 0 to us, yet the depopulation by these emigrations is a much greater . Besides , the continual emigrations from Ireland and

our on Scotland , will soon render colonies independent the mother ” 1 773 f country . In August, , three gentlemen of the name o Macdonell , with their families and four hundred Highlanders from Inverness “ Shire sailed for America to take possession of a grant of land in ” 22 f Albany . On the d O June previously between seven and eight hundred people from the Lewis sailed from Stornoway for the colo

m 1 773 -ﬁ e . O v nies n the ﬁrst Of Septe ber , , four hundred and twenty

- m men , women and children from Inverness shire sailed for A erica . “ f They are the ﬁnest set o fellows in the Highlands . It is allowed they 6000 carried at least pounds Sterling in ready cash with them . In 1 774 farmers and heads Of families in Stirlingshire were forming societies to emigrate to the colonies and the fever had also extended to O E 1 rkney and Shetland and the north of ngland . In 753 it was esti mated that there were one thousand Scots in the single county of C o f umberland capable bearing arms , of whom the Macdonalds were

s the mo t numerous . Gabriel Johnston , governor of the province o f C 1 734 to 1 752 North arolina from , appears to have done more to e n courage the settlement Of Scots in the colony than all its other colonial governors combined . In 1 735 a body Of one hundred and thirty Highlanders with ﬁfty women and children sailed from Inverness and landed at Savannah in h January 1 736 . T ey were under the leadership o f Lieutenant Hugh C m Mackay . Some arolinians endeavoured to dissuade the from going S COTLAND ’S MAR K ON AM E RI CA 1 9 to the South by telling them that the Spaniards would attack them i to to from the r houses in the fort near where they were settle, “ which they replied , Why , then , we will beat them out of their “

s s to . fort, and shall have hou e ready built live in This ” “ s valiant pirit , says Jones , found subsequent expression in the efficient military service rendered by these Highlanders during the s C war between the olonists and the Spaniards , and by their descend ‘ ’ in M cI nt s h . To o Ca ants the American Revolution John More , p

M E s l n I h C Co . M c nt os tain Hugh ackay , nsign harle Mackay , Joh , Gen

M I ntos h eral Lachlan c , and their gallant comrades and followers ,

C . Georgia , both as a olony and a State, owes a large debt of gratitude

' Thi s settlement was s ubs e qu ently augm e nt e d from time to time by fresh arrivals from Scotland Its men were prompt and effi

s cient in arms , and when the war cloud de cended upon the southern conﬁnes of the province no defenders were more alert or capable than ” “ N ” s . O tho e found in the ranks O f these Highlanders people , says “ a C v k Walter Gl sco harlton, e er came to Georgia who took so quic ly to the conditions under which they were to live or remained more ” ” loyal to her interests than the Highlanders . These men , says “ or e Jones, were not reckless adventurers reduced migrants volunteer

‘ in s s or g through nece ity, or exiled through insolvency want . They

f r were men of good character , and were carefully selected o their mili

s tary qualities . Be ides this military band , others among the k C ' Mac ays , the Dunbars , the Baillies , and the uthberts applied for large tracts of land in Geo rgia which they occupied with their own servants . Many Of them went over in person and se ttled in the province . Among the immigrants who ﬂocked into Virginia in 1 729 and 1 740 l we ﬁnd individuals named A exander Breckinridge, David Logan, ! “ C e s Hugh ampb ll , William Graham , Jame Waddell (the Blind M cCue John , Benjamin E rwin , Gideon Blackburn, Sam C uel Houston , Archibald Scott, Samuel arrack, John Montgomery , t M cPhe e te rs George Bax er , William , and Robert Poage A n and others bearing the names Of Bell , Trimble ( Turnbull ) , Hay , M cD w ll de rs on . o e , Patterson , Scott, Wilson , and Young John and i 1 742 e ght of his men were killed by Indians in . Among the members was E M D we ll 1 7 3 Of his company his venerable father phraim c o . In 6 the Indians attacked a peaceful settlement and carried Off a number o f a o l c ptives . After traveling s me distance and fee ing safe from pur s uit they demanded that their captives should sing for their enter ' inm nt ilm r h ta e . G o e w , and it was a Scotswoman , Mrs , o struck up ’ Rouse s version Of the one hundred and thirty-seventh psalm : 20 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

’ By Babel s streams we sat and wept, ! on When ion we thought , In midst thereof we hanged our harps

The willow tree thereon .

For there a song required they, Who did us captive bring ; Our s for poilers called mirth , and said ‘ ! ’ A song of ion sing .

In the following year Colonel Henry Bouquet led a strong force O against the Indians west Of the hio , and compelled them to desist th e from their predatory warfare, and deliver up captives they had O Of was the Ce ntral taken . ne his companies made up o f men from

Valley of Virginia , largely composed of Scots or men of Ulster Scot M cClanahan descent , and commanded by Alexander , a good Galloway of surname . Ten years later occurred the battle Point Pleasant when men Of the same race under the command of Andrew Lewis defeated the Shawnee Indians . 1 775 In January , the freeholders of Fincastle presented an address to C C the ontinental ongress , declaring their purpose to resist the h oppressive measures of t e home government . A mong the signers

' w e re William C C Christian , Rev . Charles ummings , Arthur ampbell ,

E m . William Campbell , William d undson, William Preston and others or Several other counties in the same state , inhabited mainly by Scots i s . u R e people o f Scottish descent , adopted l ke resolution D ring the volutionar f y war , in addition to large numbers of men o Scottish C origin serving in the ontinental army from this state , the militia were also constantly in service under the leadership of such men as Colonels M cD owe ll ff Samuel , George Mo ett , William Preston , John and Wil liam Bowyer , Samson Mathews , etc . ’ The following Scots were members of His Maj esty s Council in n 1 720 1 776 South Carolina under the royal gover ment , from to C Alexander Skene , James Kinloch John leland , James

Graeme , George Saxby , James Michie, John Rattray Thomas

n Of K ox Gordon , and John Stuart . Andrew Rutledge was Speaker ’ 1 74 1 752 C 9 . the ommons House of Assembly from to David Graeme ,

1 754 was — e attorney at law in , Attorney G neral Of the State from 1 1 757 to 764 . s o f Jame Graeme , most probably a relation the pre

was ' e le cte d 1 732 e ceding , to the Assembly from Port Royal in , b came

C o f 1 742 1 752 C Judge of the ourt Vice Admiralty from to , and hief 1 1 7 Ju s tice from 749 to 52 . James Michie was Speaker of the Assem 1 752 t o 1 754 C 2 bly from , Judge Of the ourt o f Admiralty f rom 1 75 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 21 l 75 7 1 1 754 1 9 to 1 6 . to , and Chief Justice from William Simpson 1 76 1 - 1 7 2 a served as Chie f Justice 6 . Thomas Knox Gordon was p in 1 77 1 1 7 6 1 773 pointed Chief Justice and served till 7 , and in he also appears as Member O f Council . John Murray was appo inted Asso

“ 77 a ciate Justice in 1 1 and died in 1 774 . William Gregory was p ’ 1 pointed by His Maj esty s mandamus to succeed him in 774 . Robert 7 - 1 Hume was Speaker Of the Assembly in 1 32 733 . Robert Brisbane 1 764 was Associate Justice in , and Robert Pringle appears in the 1 7 same Ofﬁce in 60 and 1 766 . John Rattray was Judge of the Court - 1 760-6 1 of Vice Admiralty in , and James Abercrombie appears as - 1 73 1 -32 C C Attorney General in . James Simpson was lerk of the oun 1 773 -G of 1 772 - cil in , Surveyor eneral Land in , Attorney General in 1 774 75 o f - , and Judge Vice Admiralty in the absence of Sir Augustus 1 769 . Johnson in John Carwood was Assistant Justice in 1 725 . “ Thomas Nairne was employe d in 1 707 as resident agent among the i Indians , with power to settle all d sputes among traders to arrest traders who were guilty of misdemeanors and send them to C h harleston for trial , to take charge Of the goods O f persons w o were committed to prison , and to exercise the power of a j ustice of the ” peace . This Thomas Nairne is probably the s ame individual who “ s publi hed , anonymously, A letter from South Carolina ; giving an account of the soil product trade government Of [etc . ] that province . Written by a Swis s Gentleman t o his friend at Bern , the ﬁrst edition of which was published in London in 1 7 1 0

( second ed . in Among the names Of the seventeen corporate members o f the Charleston Library Society established in 1 743 occur those of the fol ’ ’ : s M Caule M K ie lowing Scots Robert Bri bane, Alexander y, Patrick , L i William ogan , John Sinclair , James Gr ndlay , Alexander Baron , and

Charles Stevenson . O e C C f the, memb rs of the Provincial ongress held at harleston in

1 775 or n s January , , the following were Scotsmen men o f Scottish a ce : C - try Major John aldwell , Patrick Calhoun (ancestor Of Vice Presi C Of B e m e rs de C dent alhoun ) , George Haig the family O f y , harles ’ E s a I nt s h lliott , Thomas Fergu on , Adam Macdon ld , Alexander M o , ’ M N M a Ph o l e s s a c e rs n Co . O John , Isa c , William Moultrie , David li S kirvin phant , George Ross , Thomas Rutledge , James Sinkler , James g, en s S kirvin S kirvin s ior , Jame g, junior, William g, and Rev . William

Tennent . In Maryland there seems to have been a colony of Scots about 1 670 C l under olonel Ninian Beal , settled between the Potomac and the

Patuxent , and gradually increased by successive additions . Through 1 704 his inﬂuence a church was established at Patuxent in , the mem 22 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

bers of which included several prominent Fifeshire families . Many other small Scottish colonies were settled on the eastern shore of

Maryland and Virginia , particularly in Accomac , Dorchester , Somer

. set , Wicomico , and Worcester counties . To minister to them the Rev k mi out Francis M a e e and the Rev . William Traill were sent by the

f . Presbytery o Laggan in Ulster Upper Marlborough , Maryland, was founded by a company Of Scottish immigrants and were ministered to

n . by the Rev . Nathaniel Taylor , also from Scotla d Two shiploads o f Scotti s h Jacobites taken at Preston in 1 71 6 were

Frie nds hi Good S e e d sent over in the ships p and . p to Maryland to be f s f sold as servants . The names o some Of these u ﬁciently attest their

D u all Scottish origin , as , g Macqueen , Alexander Garden , Henry Wil s on , John Sinclair , William Grant, Alexander Spalding, John Rob

t M acB e an M cGilvar Hindr e tson , William , William y, James y, Allen M aclie n C i M a I ntire , William umm ns , David Steward , John c , David

C O rrach O Finlo Kennedy , John ameron , Alexander [ rrock e Mac f . s o Intire , Daniel Grant , etc Another batch taken in the Ri ing the ’4 5 and also shipped to Maryland include such names as John Grant , C Alexander Buchanan , Patrick Ferguson , Thomas Ross , John ame C n C ron , William owan , John Bowe, John Bur ett, Duncan ameron, C Cla e rton C C James hapman , Thomas p , Sanders ampbell , harles Dav ids on ff E rw n , John Du , James y , Peter Gardiner , John Gray, James k King, Patric Murray , William Melvil , William Murdock , etc . A strong infusion o f Scottish blood in N e w York State came through settlements made there in response to a proclamation issued 1 735 “ ” in by the Governor, inviting loyal protestant Highlanders to e R settle the lands b tween the Hudson iver and the northern lakes . ff C L au chlin C o f 1 738 Attracted by this O er aptain ampbell Islay , in 4 0 t - Of , brought over eigh y three families Highlanders to settle on a o f grant thirty thousand acres in what is now Washingt on County . ” E “ By this immigration , says . H . Roberts, the province secured a t much needed addition to its population, and hese Highlanders must have sent messages home not altogether unfavorable , for they were _ the pioneers of a multitude whose coming in successive years were to add strength and thri ft and intelligence beyond the ratio of their num ” bers to the communities in which they set up their homes . Many o f O Scottish immigrants settled in the vicinity Goshen , range County ,

1 720 1 729 . in , and by had organized and built two churches A second 1 1 colony arrived from the north o f Ireland in 73 . At the same time L auchlin C — as the grant was made to ampbell, Lieutenant Governor C ' larke granted to John Lindsay, a Scottish gentleman , and three C O associates , a tract of eighty thousand acres in herry Valley , in tsego h County . Lindsay afterwards purchased the rights o f is associates S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 23 and sent out families from Scotland and Ulster to the valley o f the

Susquehanna . These were augmented by pioneers from Londonderry ,

s 1 743 New Hamp hire , under the Rev . Samuel Dunlop , who, in estab lis he d in his own house the ﬁrst classical school west Of the Hudson . Ballston in Saratoga County was settled in 1 770 by a colony of Pres b te rians N e w y who removed from Bedford, York , with their pastor , and were afterwards j oined by many Scottish immigrants from Scot

Ne w E n . land , Ulster , New Jersey , and ngla d The ﬁrst Presbyterian Church was organized in Albany in 1 760 by Scottis h inunigrants who n had settled in that vici ity . Sir William Johnson for his services in the French War ( 1 755 -58) received from the Crown a grant o f one hundred thousand acres in the

Mohawk Valley, near Johnstown , which he colonized with Highland

1 77 —74 ers in 3 . In New York City about the end of the eighteenth century there

s was a colony of several hundred Scottish weaver , mainly from Pais Of ley . They formed a community apart in what was then the village l l Greenwich . In memory of their O d home they named the loca ity “ ” f Paisley Place . A view o some O f their Old dwellings in Seven te e nth Street between Sixth and Seventh Avenues , as they existed ’ 1 863 s M n in , is given in Valentine a u al for that year . Although many Scots came to New E ngland and Ne w York they never settled there in such numbers as to leave their impress on the m Ne w com unity so deeply as they did in Jersey, Pennsylvania , Dela P re sb te rian ware, and the south . There were v churches in Lewes , t o 1 698 Newcastle ( Delaware) , and Philadelphia previous , and from that time forward the province of Pennsylvania was the chief centre o f Scottish settlement both from Scotland direct and by way of Ulster . 1 720 h By these settlers had reached t e mouth o f the Susquehanna ,

th s r s 1 730 and three years later e pre ent site of Har i burg . Between and 1 74 5 they settled the Cumberland Valley and still pushing west 1 768-69 ward , in the present Fayette, Westmoreland , Allegheny , and 1 Washington counties . In 773 they penetrated to and settled in Ken ' a s tucky , and were followed by tream of Todds , Flemings , Morrisons, M D o ll c we s . 1 7 Barbours , Breckinridges, , and others By 90 seventy ﬁve thousand people were in the region and Kentucky was admitted 1 2 1 7 to the Federal Union in 79 . By 7 9 they had crossed the Ohio e River into the pres nt state Of Ohio . Between the years 1 730 and 1 775 the Scottish immigration into Pennsylvania o ften reached ten thousand a year . S OM E P ROM INE NT SCOTS AND SCOTS FAM ILIE S

Lord Bacon expressed his regret that the lives Of eminent men were “ e not more fr quently written , and added that, though kings , princes ,

e fe w and gr at personages be , yet there are many excellent men who u O deserve better fate than vag e reports and barren elegies . f no country is this more true than the United States . An examination Of the innumerable early biographical dict ionaries with which the shelves our o f of public libraries are cumbered , will show that the bulk the life sketches Of the individuals therein commemorate d are vague and uns atisfactory . In nearly every case little or no information is given Of or n the parentage origi Of the subj ect , and indeed one work goes

as t so far to say that such information is unnecessary , the mere fac Of a s American birth being sufﬁcient . However ple sing such statement may be f rom an ultra patriotic viewpoint it is very unsatisfactory from

l o r s Of is the biologica historical ide the question , which undoubtedly t o o f the most important be considered . The neglect these items

f i c r . o Of origin , etc , makes the task positively identify ng e tain indi i n v duals as o f Scotti s h origin or descent a very diffi cult o e . One may f ee l morally certain that a particular individual from his name or fea o Of i deh tures ( i f there be a p rtrait) is Scottish orig n , but without a nite statement to that effe ct the matt er mu s t in most cases be left an

. O open question ne other cause Of uncertainty , and it is a very

n one s s s a noying , is the carele method Of many biographer in putting ’ “ ” “ ” “ s down a man s origin as Iri h , from Ireland , from the north Of ” n . r co Ireland , etc , where they clea ly mean to state that the individual cerned is descended from one of the many thousands Of S cots who N ot settle d in Ulster in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries . withstanding this uncertainty the proportion o f men Of undoubted

s ho s in Scotti h origin w have reached high distinction , and who e

ﬂu e nc e has had such far reaching scope in the United States , is phe ” “ m s o f nome al . Let anyone , says Din more , scrutinize the list names o f distingui s hed men in our annals ; names o f men eminent in public dis tin ns he d C li fe from President down ; men g in the hurch , in the the on e Army , in Navy, at the Bar , the Bench , in M dicine and E m — in Surgery , in ducation, trade , com erce, invention , discovery any

26 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

K il uhanit e a came originally from q in Galloway . The Bean f mily , de

! s who a 1 660 n cended from John Bean c me to America in , were pio eers

l in N e w in new sett ements Hampshire and Maine, and bore the burden o f o f such a life and proﬁted by it . About one hundred them were

s M nou soldier in the Revolutionary War . The acdo gh family o f Dela

. o f M a donou h . c ware is also Scottish descent Thomas g , the famous f C naval o ﬁcer, was of the third generation in this country . The orbit of C family Delaware are descended from Daniel orbit, a Quaker born

1 2 s o f in Scotland in 68 . The Forsyth Georgia are descended from S 1 754 Con Robert Forsyth , born in cotland about , who entered the ’ r s s ional and g e Army became a Captain of Lee s Light Horse in 1 776 . The Fors yths of New York State trace their descent to two brothers

from Aberdeenshire (John and Alexander ) . The bulk of the Vir ginia Gordons appear to have been from Galloway . to 1 728 Alexander Breckenridge , a Scot , came America about ,

s t n i . One o f et ling in Pe nsylvania and later in Virg nia his sons, an C o f r Robert , was energetic aptain Rangers during the Indian wa s, f and died be fore the close o the Revolutionary War . By his second o f who wife, also Scottish descent , he had several sons achieved fame

s o f 1 760 be . O and succe s ne these sons , John Breckenridge ( cM e Attorney- General o f Kentucky in 1 795 ; served in the state legis lature 1 797 —1 800 ; drafted the famous Kentucky resolution s in 1 798 ; was United States Senator from Kentucky ( 1 801 - 05 ) and Attorney ’ f o General in Jef erson s Cabinet from 1 805 till his death . Am ng the sons o f John Breckenridge were Robert Jefferson Breckenridge ( 1 800

C . clergyman and author, and Joseph abell Breckenridge John n f - e o o C. Cabell Br ckenridge, s Joseph Breckenridge , was Vice Presi dent o f the United States ( 1 857 ca ndidate o f the Southern Demo

rats 1 860 G C 1 862 c for President in , eneral in the onfederate Armies ( 1 86 5 Ca Confederate Secretary of War till . Joseph bell Brecken r . s on . s v ridge (b of Robe t J Breckenridge, al o ser ed with dis

tinction in the Civil War, and took an active part in the Santiago cam i - p a gn during the Spanish American War . Henry Breckenridge ( b .

C. o f son of Joseph Breckenridge, was Assistant Secretary w E e War , and served ith the American xp ditionary Forces in the Ar 1 837 gonne . William Campbell Preston Breckenridge ( son o f o f - . C . Robert J Breckenridge , was Member the Forty ninth ongress s f M cCle llan kin of M cCle llans The descendant o James , the of C Galloway, Scotland , who was appointed onstable at the town meet a 1 724 ing held in Worcester in M rch , , have written their name large o r in the medical and military annals f this count y . Some of his

descendants are noticed under Physicians . The most famous o f the family was General Ge orge B rinton M acCle llan ( 1 826 Maj or ' s corL AND ’s MARK ON AM E RI CA 27

l the C Genera in United States Army during the ivil War, unsuccessful f f 1 864 and candidate o the Democratic Party or President in , Gov ’

N 1 878 1 881 . 5 e e rnor of ew Jersey from to The General son, G orge N ew 1 903 1 905 B . Mcclellan ( b . was Mayor of York ( and )

i s now 1 n . i n and a Professor Princeton James Bulloch, born Scotland 1 7 728. 1 01 C C . c . , emigrated to harleston, South arolina , c In the following year he married Jean Stobo , daughter of the Rev . Archibald ’ was n e Stobo , and the first a cestor o f the late President Roos velt s C G ov mother . His son, Archibald Bulloch ( d . was olonial ’ rnor of C 1 776-77 e Georgia and ommander of the State s forces in , f i and signed the first Constitution o Ge org a as President . He would have been one of the Signers of the Declaration o f Independence had l him n f c . ot o fi ial duties ca led home A descendant of his , James Dun l woody Bu loch , uncle of the late President Roosevelt , was Lieutenant in the Confederate Navy and Confederate States Naval Agent abroad . l ’ v . I r ine S Bulloch, another unc e of Roosevelt s , was Sailing Master of

o f the Alabama when in battle with the U . S . S . Kearsarge . Another 1 this family was William B . Bulloch ( 776 lawyer and State C Senator of Georgia . The hambers family of Trenton , New Jersey, s C are de cended from two brothers , John and Robert hambers , who H n 1 came over in the ship e ry and Francis in 685 . In the eighteenth century many natives of Dumfriesshire emigrated to the American colonies , and of these perhaps the most prominent

o o f s were th se descended from John Johnston Stapleton , Dumfrie

an f His shire , o ﬁcer in a Scottish regiment in the French service . n so C . second , Gabriel , became Governor of North arolina In the ’ house of the Governor s brother, Gilbert , it is stated that General Marion signed th e commission for the celebrated band known as “ ’ n r Marion s Men . Among the more prominent desce dants of Gilbe t

: 1 C s ff o f Johnston are ( ) James , who became a olonel on the ta General Rutherford during the Revolution and served in several

n 2 . engageme ts ; ( ) William , M D . , who married a daughter of General 1 55 8 . Peter Forney, and died in This William had ﬁve sons : C C 2 James , a aptain in the onfederate Army ; ( ) Robert, a Brigadier 3 a C 4 1 843 General ; ( ) William , olonel ; ( ) Joseph Forney, born in ,

Captain in the Confederate Army , Governor of Alabama from 1 896 1 s 1 907 5 to 900, and United State Senator for Alabama in ( ) Bartlett , an ofﬁ cer in the Confederate Navy . Samuel Johnston , a nephew o f ’ b w as O ﬁ of C 1 775 s Gil e rt s , the Naval f cer North arolina in , Trea urer o f C 1 78 during the Revolution , and Governor North arolina from 7 to

1 789 of C Con , President the onvention that ﬁnally adopted the State

i s h is the s titut on, and ﬁr t Senator elected by state in United States 1 e h 789 . t e Congress in His son , Jam s , was the largest planter in 28 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

’

a 1 86 5 . United States on his de th in Gilbert s brother Robert , was an t a torney and civil engineer . His son , Peter, served as Lieutenant in C the legion which olonel Henry Lee recruited in Virginia, and after f -W s m the war became Judge o the South e te Circuit in Virginia, and e o f i of Sp aker the Virgin a House Delegates . He married Mary

f s E o a . Wood , a niece P trick Henry Their eighth son , Jo eph ccleston o 1 807 1 829 Johnston, b rn in , graduated from West Point in , served

r all s of C in the Fede al Army in its campaign , up to the time the ivil o f - War . Although holding the rank Lieutenant Colonel and Quarter - C Master General , he resigned and j oined the onfederate Army , and

e o f rendered brilliant service in its ranks . Another minent individual

n s on o f this name was General Albert Sydney Joh ston, the a physician , the c i John Johnston , descendant of a S ottish fam ly long settled in 1 22 e Connecticut . Christopher Johnston ( 8 a d scendant o f the Polde an ! branch of the Annandale Johnstons, was professor of surgery

Hi n s . s s o C in the University of Maryland , also named hri topher

t for ( d . graduated M . D . , prac ised eight years , studied ancient O and modern languages , and eventually became Professor of riental

History and Archaeology in Johns Hopkins University . He was one o f the most distinguished O riental s cholars this country has produced . Alexander Hamilton ( 1 757 one of the founders o f the in Republic, served with distinction the Revolutionary War , but it was as a Statesman of the highest ability that he acquired his great fame . He was one of the most prominent Members o f the Continental Con

1 82 o f C C n 1 787 gress ( 7 the onstitutional onve tion in , and Secre r 1 789 tary of the Treasu y ( He was born in the West Indies , the s on of a Scots father and a French mother . 1 74 5 Thomas Leiper ( born in Strathaven , Lanarkshire, emi

1 763 ' one grated to Maryland in , was of the ﬁrst to favor separation

for e a from the mother country, and raised a fund open r sist nce to the

Crown . 1 785 e - Cal Robert Stuart ( pione r and fur trader , born at ’ 1 1 . 8 0 lander , Perthshire , a grandson of Rob Roy s bitterest enemy In , in company with his uncle , John Jacob Astor, and several others , he

- founded the fur trading colony o f Astoria . His share in this under ’ s v A toria 1 81 7 taking is fully described in Wa hingt on I r ing s s . In n C Stuart settled at Macki ac as agent o f the American Fur ompany , and also served as Comm issioner for the Indian tribes . Ge neral “ tti C i George B artram , of Sco sh parentage , was one of the omm ttee ” of Correspondence appointed to take action on t he Chesapeake ” 7 Affair in 1 80 , when war with Britain seemed imminent, and was f 1 81 2 active in military affairs during the war o . Allan Pinkerton s ize a ( 1 81 9 born in the Gorbals, Gla gow , organ d the United St tes S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA 29

e of 1 861 S cret Service Division the United States Army in , discovered the plot to ass assinate President Lincoln on his way to hi s inaugu ra “ ” 1 86 1 M u tion in , and also broke up the Molly ag ires , etc . William

k 1 824 s Wal er ( the ﬁlibuster, was born in Tenne see of Scots

pa rentage . o f e - Rev . George Keith , a native Ab rdeen, became Surveyor General 1 4 of m of N e w Jersey in 68 . He founded the town Freehold and arked I n 1 out the dividing line be tween E ast and West Jersey . 693 he “ s s u m issued the ﬁr t printed prote t against h an slavery , An E xhortation ” o f Caution to Friends concerning Buying and Keeping Negroes , s 1 690 N e w 1 693 . York , Jame Alexander ( a Scot, was dis

' for de fe ns e o f ! barred attempting the John Peter enger, the printer,

1 73 5 one of in . Along with Benj amin Franklin he was the founders

c 1 6 6 o f the Ama i an Philosophical Society . A ndrew Hamilton ( 7

o f - the most eminent lawyer his time, Attorney General of

P i C s for ennsylvania , and ch ef ommis ioner building Independence Hall Fo . r n in Philadelphia , was born in Scotland his champio ship of the freedom o f the press and his success ful defence o f ! enger he wa s “ ” - hailed by Governor Morris as the day star of the Revolution . His

s on m a e - e f P nns l Ja es Hamilton , was the ﬁrst n tiv born Gov rnor o e y

B r g hin Mis o f . e vania and Mayor Philadelphia James or Brechin,

s ionar f y, born in Scotland , took a prominent part in the affairs o

i 1 705- 1 9 s o f Virgin a ( ) and was an active upporter Commissary Blair . C s f harles Anderson, another Mi sionary , probably a graduate o Aber d v 1 700 1 7 1 s f een , ser ed in Virginia from to 9 , was al o a supporter o f 1 68 . o 3 B lair James Graham , ﬁrst Recorder the city of New York ( 1 700 a o f 1 6 1 - ) and Spe ker Assembly ( 9 99 ) was born in Scotland .

m Pitloch rie Thomas Gordon ( d . Perth A boy , born in , was Attorney-Ge neral o f the E astern Di s trict Chief Secretary and

s in 1 702 a e o-f s 1 709 C Regi trar , l t r Speaker As embly , and in hief - f Justice and Receiver General and Treasurer o the province . Alex f e ander Skene, who previously held o ﬁce in Barbado s , settled in North 1 6 1 71 7 o f Carolina about 96 . In he was Member Council and As i n e o f 1 7 1 9 s s t a t to the Judge of Admiralty to try a numb r pirates . In he was elected Member o f the New House o f Assembly and became h t for lea der o f t e movemen the Proprietary Government . He was “ ” as f looked upon a man that understood public af airs very well . 1 7 -c 72 . o f s M aj or Richard Stobo ( a native Glasgow , erved i n the Canadian campaign against the French . It was he who guided

s o f the Fraser Highlanders up the Height Abraham . Archibald Ken 1 7 E C ne d . 68 C y (c a relative of the arl of assilis, was ollector o f Customs of the Port of New York and Member o f the Provincial ‘ l Council . In his etters to headquarters and in his reports he urged S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

the importance o f the American Colonies to the mother country and out advocated measures which , i f carried , would undoubtedly have t streng hened their loyalty and added to their wealth and prospe rity .

s o f Alexander Barclay , grand on of the Apologist the Quakers, was Comptroller of the Customs under the Crown in Philadelphia from 1 762 1 77 1 till his death in . William Ronald , a native of Scotland , was f 1 8 C o 78 . a delegate in the Virginia onvention His brother, General

w one o f Andre Ronald , was the Counsel representing the British mer

- s o C . chants in the called British Debts ase William Houston , son of

Contine nta on re s s Sir Patrick Houston, was a Delegate to the l C _ g ( 1 784-87 ) and a Depute from Georgi a to the Convention for revising ’ o hi s C . of the Federal nstitution His portrait, as well as that brother s ,

was destroyed by ﬁre during the Civil War . Sir William Dunbar 1 740 . r ( c a pioneer of Louisiana , held important t usts under the Federal government and was a corres pondent of Thomas Je ffer 1 7 6 n. 3 s o . Rev Henry Patillo ( born in Scotland , advocated the on separation from mother country every possible occasion , and

was a Member of the Provincial Council in 1 775 . John Dickinson 1 732 C C of 1 765 ( Member of the ontinental ongress , of the o f 1 787 of 1 782 Federal Convention , and President Pennsylvania (

o f i C C s Pe nns l was also the founder D ckinson ollege , arli le, y

vania . The Dickinsons came from Dundee in early colonial times .

for C John Ross, purchasing agent the ontinental Army , was born in

- s s Tain , Ross shire . He lo t about one hundred thousand dollar by his t o n services his adopted cou try , but managed to avoid ﬁnancial ship 1 807 k . wrec John Harvie, born at Gargunnock, died , was Member of the Continental Congres s ( 1 777 signer of the Articles of Con the 1 788 federation following year , and in was appointed Secretary

M cD onne ll 1 779 o f the Commonwealth . John ( born in Scot “ in o in . 1 81 2 land , was business in Detr it , and thoroughly American ” ’ ized . He opposed the British commander s orders after the sur

f o . render o Hull , and redeemed many captives fr m the Indians Became ~Member of State Constitutional Convention State Senator ( 1 83 5 and Collector of the Port of Detroit ( 1 839

b . w John Johnstone Adair ( graduate of Glasgo University , r settled in Michigan, ﬁlled seve al important positions and became State

C s Treasurer, State Senator, and Auditor General . olonel Jame Burd O r ( 1 726 born at rmiston , Midlothian, took pa t with General f Forbes in the expedition to redeem the failure o Braddock . General 1 1 Pitte ncrie ff John Forbes ( 7 0 born in , Fi feshire, was founder of for o f Pitts burgh . He was noted his obstinacy and strength character , and may have been the prototype of the Scotsman of the prayer “ O Grant, Lord , that the Scotchman may be right ; for , i f wrong , S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA 3 1

he is eternally wrong . C aptain William Bea n was the ﬁrst white . a man to bring his family to Tennessee . His son, Russell Be n , was m the ﬁrst white child born in the state . His descendant, Dr . Ja es on Bean , died in a snowstorm Mont Blanc while collecting specimens for the Smithsonian Institu tion . George Rogers Clark ( 1 752 to whose prowess is due the pos

o f r of the O session the territo y Northwest hio , secured by the peace 1 786 1 783 o f c i . C of , was S ott sh descent David rockett ( was o most pr bably of the same origin, though vaguely said to be son of ”

t i . an Irishma n . The nam e i s distinctly Sco tish ( Dumfriessh re) Samuel M cD owe ll ( 1 735 took an active part in the moveme nt lne ding to the War o f Indepe ndence and was President o f the ﬁrst State Constitutional Convention of Kentucky Colonel James

C Caithn- C -in Innes , born in anisbay, ess, was appointed ommander

' Chief o f all the forces in the expedition to the Ohio in 1 754 by Gov

rn r e o Dinwiddie .

of t he o f Isaac Magoon , a Scot , was the ﬁrst settler town Scotland

. . r ( c and gave it the name of his native count y . Dr . John

e o f Stevenson, a Scot , pioneer m rchant and developer Baltimore , “ not k as t he R om u i f indeed its actual founder, was nown American ” k . e a C out lus G orge Walker , native o f lac mannanshire , pointed the s s e C l of advantages of the pre ent it of the apita the United States, and 1 7 a out 30. George Buch nan , another Scot , laid Baltimore town in K 1 763 C Can John inzie , ( the founder of hicago , was born in

o f M cK nzi ada Scottish parentage , the son of John a e e . It is not k “ ” nown why he dropped the Mac . Samuel Wilkeson ( 1 781 ‘ e r o f the man who develop d Buffalo fro n a village to a city , was Scot 1 81 . 4 o E tish descent Alexander White ( b rn in lgin , Scotland , was one of the earliest set tlers of Chicago and did much to develop

M Alis e r s the . c t the city Maj or Hugh , who erved in Revolutionary

o f M cAlis te rville n War , later founded the town ,Pen sylvania , was of

-e 1 742 f Scots parentage . Jam s Robertson ( founder o Nash

s o f t ville , Tennes ee, was Scot ish origin . His services are ranked next ’ vi th o f his s to S e e r s in e history adopted tate . Walter Scott Gordon

1 848 o f f w as - o f ( founder She ﬁeld , Alabama , the great grandson o f a Scot . The town Paterson , in Putnam county , New York , was

d t - in o f settle by Mat hew Paterson , a Scottish stone mason , the middle

was L the eighteenth century , and named after him . airdsville , in a New York state , was named from S muel Laird , son of a Scottish

o f s immigrant , in beginning the eighteenth century . Paris Gib on d . s n ( b grand on of a Scot , founde and developed the tow o f

Great Falls . SCOTS AS COLONIAL AND P ROVINCIAL G OVE RNORS

Of the colonial Governors sent from Britain to the American Col ouies before the Revolution and of Provincial Gover nors from that

to 1 789 f s or s time , a large number were o Scotti h birth de cent . Among them may be mentioned the following

W - n v NE RK . e e r or 1 7 1 0 Go YO Rob rt Hunter , Gov ( previously of o f Hunte rs t on cruor Virginia , was a descendant the Hunters of ,

s Ayr hire . He died Governor of Jamaica He was described as one of the ablest o f the men sent over from Britain to ﬁll public 1 1 20 . 688 7 positions William Burnet ( Governor in , was also Governor o f Massachusetts ( 1 720 He was the elde s t s on of

o f . Gilbert Burnet , Bishop Sarum Smith , the historian of New York , “ ”

o f . calls him a man sense and polite breeding, a well bred scholar M ont ome rie o 1 728 John g , Govern r of New York and New Jersey ( i n Cad was born in Scotland . John Ham lton, Gover or wallade r Colden ( 1 688 Lieutenant— Governor ( 1 76 1 born in Duns, Berwickshire , was distinguished as physician , botanist ,

of . mathematician , and did much to develop the resources the state ’ ” Calla han o f O g in his Documentary History the State of New York, “ says : Posterity will not fail to accord j ustice to the character and memory of a man to whom this country is most deeply indebted for o f or o f much its science and f many its most important institutions , ” of and whom the State of New York may well be proud . John E of 1 770 Murray , fourth arl Dunmore , Governor ( a fterwards

“ 1 71 0 Governor o f Virginia . James Robertson ( born in Fife E n 1 780. o t shire , was Governor in Andrew lliot , b rn in Sco la d in 1 728 - , was Lieutenant Governor and administered the royalist govern

1 781 e 1 783 . ment from to Novemb r, E of of N W JERSEY . Robert Barclay the Quaker family Barclay of n o f E 1 682 Ury was appointed Gover or ast New Jersey in , but never C b o f E visited his territory . Lord Neil amp ell , son the ninth arl o f o 1 687 Argyll , was appointed G vernor in , but meddled little in the 1 627 ff f . o . a airs the colony Andrew Hamilton ( c his deputy , ’ E on C born in dinburgh , Lord Neil ampbell s departure, became Acting f Governor . He was an active, energetic o ﬁcer, who rendered good

34 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

mended the annexation O f the Ohio Valley and so secured tha t great to -e s l territory the United Stat . To him is also due the credit of ca ling e Georg Washingt on to the service of his country . Dinwiddie county E 1 705 . C is named after him J ohn ampbell, arl of Loudon (

Governor ( 1 756 does not appear to have come to this colony .

s on o f . John Blair, Governor Dr Archibald Blair and nephew of R e v . James Blair, the Commissary . Many of his descendants have distinguished themselves in the annals of Virginia . John Murray , E r 1 771 Gov fourth arl Of Dunmo e, Governor ( was previously e rnor N ew k 1 736 1 776-79 O f York, Patric Henry ( Governor ( , 1 784 C was born in Hanover ounty, Virginia, of Scottish paren a tage, his father being a n tive Of Aberdeen , his grandmother a cousin 1 760 of William Robertson the historian . He became a lawyer in and 1 763 r in found his oppo tunity , when having been employed to plead

a u ag inst an unpop lar tax , his great eloquence seemed suddenly to e develop itself . This defence plac d him at once in the front rank of

m c 1 765 A eri an orators , and in he entered the Virginia House of

a “ Burgesses , immediately there fter becoming leader in Virginia Of the f po litical agi tation which preceded the Declaration O Independence .

' On the passage Of the Stamp Act his voice was the ﬁrst that rose in a a 1 773 s clear , bold c ll to resistance, and in May , , he assi ted in procuring the pa s sage of the resolution establishing a Committee of Correspond on ence for intercourse with the other colonies . In the Continental C gress which met in Philadelphia in 1 774 he delivered a ﬁery and 1 776 eloquent speech worthy of s o momentous a meeting . In he car

h i t for ried the vote Of t e Virg nia Conven ion independence . He was

- an able administrator, a wise and far seeing legislator , but it is as an ri orator that he will forever live in Ame can history . William Fleming 1 729 C ( surgeon, soldier, and statesman, ouncillor and Acting

Governor was born in Jedburgh , Roxburghshire .

D rurrunon f C I N . d o N RTH AROL A William , Governor Albemarle O ”

C C . e . C ounty olony ( i , North arolina) , was a native Of Perthshire ,

s o f Of k one a trenuous upholder the rights the people , and ran s as of

s t the earliest Of American patriot . He took a prominent par in “ ’ ” “ 1 676 was Bacon s Rebellion in , an insurrection that brought about e - by the insolenc and pig headedness Of Sir William Berkeley , then ”

of . Governor Virginia , and was executed the same year Gabriel 1 699 1 734 Johnston ( Governor ( was born in Scotland , ri and held the Professorship o f O ental Languages in St . Andrews

University before coming t o the colonies . Johnston County is named a fter him . Matthew Rowan was Pres ident of Council and Acting 1 7 1 740 Governor in 53 . Alexander Martin ( was fourth and

1 7 - 8 1 82 4 789 1 792 . Acting Governor , , and from to Samuel Johnston S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 35

1 733 1 ( sixth Governor ( 788 four years Senator, and o f 1 800-1 80 Justice the Supreme Court from 3 . Bancroft says the “ movement for freedom was assisted by the calm wisdom Of Samuel

h e for Jo nston, a native of Dunde , in Scotland , a man revered his e integrity, thoroughly Opposed to disorder and r volution, if revolution ” could be avoided without yielding to oppression .

UTH CAR LI NA . K e SO O Richard irk , Governor Jam s Glen, o 1 701 1 743 b rn in Linlithgow in , Governor ( Lord William Cam u 1 77 pbell , third brother of the fifth D ke Of Argyll , Governor ( 1 739 O f E John Rutledge ( brother dward Rutledge the Signer, was President Of South Carolina ( 1 776 - 78) and first Governor ( 1 779 He was later a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1 787 A ssociate Justice o f the United States Supreme Court ( 1 789 Chief Justice o f S o-uth Carolina ( 1 79 1 and in 1 795 appointed C i h ef Justice Of the United States Supreme Court . - m E r E E I . o 1 7 RG A 75 . GEO Willia rwin wen , born in ngland in John of one t he i Houston , son Sir Patrick Houston , of prime inst gators and e e 1 774 - organiz rs Of the Sons Of Lib rty was Governor in 76 , 1 778 “ . o C His p rtrait was destroyed by fire during the ivil War .

C . E Houston ounty was named in his honor dward Telfair, born in o f K r 1 73 5 1 7 the Stewartry irkcudb ight in and died at Savannah in 80 . When the revolutionary troubles comm enced he e arnestly espoused

n o the side Of the colonies , and became known locally as a ardent adv ca te O f liberty . He was regarded as the foremost citizen of his adopted state, and his death was deeply mourned throughout the state .

I . e FLOR DA George Johnstone, a memb r Of the family of Johnstone Of Of Westerhall , was nominal Governor Florida when that colony 1 76 was ceded by Spain to Great Britain in 3 . He was one of the Commissioners appointed by the British governme nt to try and restore peace in America in 1 778 . SCOTS AND THE DE CLARATION OF INDE P E NDE NCE

s i Pre byter ans in the Colonies, being dissenters, were untrammeled ’ Of and free to speak their mind in defence their country s right, and history shows that they did not fail their Opportunity : the doctrine f i C O passive Obedience never ﬁnd ng favor with them , In the olonies the Presbyterian ministers claimed equal rights , religious freedom ,

e . a and civil lib rty Their teaching had great inﬂuence , p rticularly in f ic O C . the South, and Patr k Henry Virginia , David aldwell , Dr E n C . phraim Brevard , Rev . Alexa der raighead ( d and James f C o f Hall o North arolina , the two Rutledges and Tennant South

Carolina , William Murdoch Of Maryland , James Wilson and Thomas C o f n raighead Pen sylvania , Witherspoon Of New Jersey, Read and

M cK e an e N e w o f of D laware, Livingston Of York , and Thornton

N e w Hampshire , with their associates had prep ared the people for f the coming conﬂict . In Maryland the lower house O the General

s Assembly was a fortre s Of popular rights and o f civil liberty . Its

s s 1 733 re olutions and me sages , beginning in , and in an uninterrupted “ chain until 1 75 5 continually declared that it is the pe culiar right Of ’ his Maj esty s subj ects not t o be liable t o any tax or other imposition but what is laid on them by laws to which they themselves are a ” r party . These principles were eiterated and recorded upon the j our 1 771 nals . s Of every Assembly until The resolutions , addres es , and messages of the lower house during this period discuss with remark able fullness and accuracy the fundamental principles Of free gov e rnment , and most of them emanated from William Murdoch , born who one in Scotland ( c . was Of the leading spirits and the

s directing force of the discussion . He led in the re istance to the Stamp Act and in other ways he united his colony in solid res i s tance to the attempt to levy taxes and imposts without their consent . In May ,

1 775 Of t . C me , the General Synod the Presby erian hurch t in Phila “ ” i delphia and issued its famous Pastoral Letter , wh ch was sent C e broadcast throughout the olonies , urging the p ople to adhere to of C to the resolutions ongress , and make earnest prayer to God for ce guidan in all measures looking to the defense o f the country . This s to powerful letter was al o sent the legislature in every colony . S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 37

Adolphus in his History of E ngland from the Accession of George to C Of 1 802 III . the onclusion Peace in published in London in , declared that the Synod and their circular was the chief cause which e led the Colonies to determine on r sistance . There is no question that from the Scots Presbyterians and their descendants came many e Of the lead rs in the struggle for independence , as Bancroft has well “ pointed out in the following words : The ﬁrst voice publicly raised in America to dissolve all connection with Great Britain cam e not

E nor Of nor from the Puritans of New ngland, the Dutch New York, ” - -e b t ians o f t Pr s e r . the planters Virginia, but from the Sco ch Irish y 1 730 the Joseph Galloway ( Loyalist, than whom , says Ford , “ ” “ no s there could be better informed witnes , held that the under lying cause of the American Revolution was the activity and influence “ t i e of the Presby erian nterest , and furth r, that it was the Presby

‘ te rians who supplied the Colonial resistance a lining without which it ” l l . Phi ade ha would have collapsed And Joseph Reed Of p , himself E s : an pi copalian, said The part taken by the Presbyterians in the contest with the mother country was indeed , at the time, Often made

e a ground Of reproach , and the connection be tw en their efforts for the security o f religious liberty and oppos ition to the oppressive mea s Of ures Parliament , was then distinctly seen . A Presbyterian loyalist

e s was a thing unh ard of . Parker, the hi torian , quotes a writer who “ s ays : When the s ages Of America came to settle the forms Of our government, they did but copy into every constitution the simple ele ments of representative republicanism , as found in the Presbyterian

. of system It is a matter history that cannot be denied , that Presby t e rianis m as found in the Bible and the standards of the s everal ” s h to ou r e Pre byterian churc es , gave character fre institutions . “ e s a C Ranke, the G rman hi torian , declared th t alvin was the founder o f the American Government and Gulian C. Verplanck o f N e w s York , in a public addre s , traced the origin of our Declaration o f

C a - Independence to the National oven nt Of Scotland . Chief Jus tice Tilghman ( 1 7 56-1 827 ) stated that the framers of the Constitution e o f the United States w re through the agency of Dr . Witherspoon much indebted to the standards O f the Presbyterian Church Of Scot in n t t land moldi g that ins rumen . SCOTS A S SIGNE RS OF THE D E CLARATION OF INDE PE NDE NCE

O ﬁ ft - o f e no e f the y six Signers Of the Declaration Independenc , l ss than nine can be claimed as directly or indirectly o f Scottish origin . E 1 749 o f dward Rutledge ( the youngest Signer, was a son n Dr . Joh Rutledge who e migrated from Ulsterto South Carolina in 1 7 5 3 . s The Rutledges were a small Border clan in Roxburgh hire .

e 1 742 s on t William Hoop r ( was the of a Sco tish minister , who was born near Kelso and died in Boston in Hooper early displayed marked literary ability and entered Harvard University

n of - one f whe fi fteen years age . At twenty six he was o the leading lawyers Of the colony of North Carolina . George Ross ’ was O-f e E also Scottish parentage . His n phew s wife , lizabeth (Gris 1 752 “ ” k Ross better known as Betsy Ross , was ma er _com ) ( 1 7 1 4 Of the first national flag . Matthew Thornton ( the dis tin is he d Ne w wa t o gu Hampshire statesman and physician, s brought this country from the north O f Ire land by his father when about three

e s o years Of age . He accompanied the exp dition again t L uisburg in

O f l C 1 775 1 74 5, was President the Provincia onvention in and Speaker 1 6 I n 1 776 to C 7 . in Janua ry, 7 September , , he was elected ongress,

mbe r ' followin e i and in N ove g signed the D clarat on Of Independence, n T a M cK an although he had not been o e O f the framers . hom s e ( 1 734 was a gre at— grandson Of William M cK ean o f Argyll shire who moved to Ulster about the mi ddle of the seventeenth cen e C 1 774 C tury . He was a memb r of ongress from Delaware ( hief Justice of Pe nnsylvania ( 1 777 and Governor of the state from o 1 71 6 o f 1 799 to 1 808 . Ge rge Taylor ( described as the son a “

. clergyman and born in Ireland, was most probably an Ulster Scot . He was a me mbe r Of th e Provincial Assembly Of Pennsylvania from 7 5 1 742 1 764 to 1 770 and again in 1 7 . James Wilson ( whose

s fame was to become as wide and la ting as the nation , was born in

of . St . Andrews, the old university city Fifeshire He was a Delegate o 1 776 o f C s to Congress fr m Pennsylvania in , Member the on titutional 1 787 Of the Convention of , and Associate Justice United States

Supreme Court from 1 789 till his death . He strongly advocated inde pe ndence as the only possible means of escape from the evils which S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA 39 had brought the various commonwealths into such a state of turmoil 1 7 1 Of and dissatisfaction . Philip Livingston ( 6 grandson e Am Rob rt Livingston, the ﬁrst of the erican family of the name , was 1 Membe r of Congress from New York in 776 . His life was dis t ingu is hed for inﬂexible rectitude and devotion to the interests o f his ” country . a but L st greatest Of all to be mentioned is the Rev . John Wither 1 722 in t E i h spoon ( Born Yester, Scotland , educa ed in d nburg , a al 1 768 be of minister in P isley, he was c led in to President the no C w . ollege of New Jersey, Princeton University He said he had “ ” be come an American the moment he landed . He took an active f o f N e w part in the public a fairs the colony Of Jersey, and in the convention which met t o fra me a constitution he displayed great knowledge Of legal questions and urged the abolition o f religious 1 76 . 7 C C tests In June, , he was elected to the ontinental ongress, and in the course of the debates he dis played little patience with those

a . o f n n who urged half me sures _ When John Dickinson Pen sylva ia not said the country was ripe for independence, Witherspoon broke “ Not ! in upon the speaker exclaiming , ripe , Sir In my j udgment we n ot . are only ripe , but rotting Almost every colony has dropped from its parent stem and your own province needs no more sunshine to ” c mature it . He further de lared that he would rather be hanged ’ his than desert his country s cause . One of sons was killed at the ba ttle of Ge rmantown . SCOTS IN THE P RE SIDE NCY

Of - the twenty nine Presidents Of the United States ﬁve ( Monroe , c Grant , Hayes , Roosevelt , and Wilson) are Of S ottish descent, and four ( omitting Jackson who has been also claimed as Scottish by some Of l writers) are U ster Scot descent, namely , Polk, Buchanan, Arthur, a nd M cK inl e y. Jackson may possibly have been o f Ulster Scot descent as his father belonged to Carrickfergus while his mother ’s m E t . aiden name , lizabeth Hutchins, or Hutchinson , is Scot ish She f came Of a family O linen weavers . Benj amin Harrison might also h have been included as e had some Scottish ( Gordon ) blood . His C wife , aroline Scott Harrison , was Of Scottish descent .

Mon James Monroe , ﬁ fth President , was descended from Andrew roe who e , emigrat d from Scotland in the middle Of the seventeenth century . President Grant was a descendant Of Matthew Grant , who 1 s 630. came from Scotland to Dorchester , Mas , in George Hayes , f o . e c ancestor Rutherford B Hayes , ninete nth President, was a S ot

s 1 s who settled in Wind or prior to 680. Theodore Roo evelt was Dutch ’ ’ on his father s side and Scottish on his mother s . His mother was 1 701 descended from James Bulloch , born in Scotland about , who 1 728 ra C . emig ted , to harleston , c , and founded a family which became ’ prominent in the annals of Georgia . Woodrow Wilson s paternal m 1 807 grandfather , James Wilson , came fro county Down in . His

was o f mother, Janet ( or Jessie) Woodrow , a daughter Rev . Thomas

of . Woodrow , a native Paisley, Scotland James Knox Polk , eleventh

- - rands on of President , was a great great g Robert Polk or Pollok , who h came from Ayrshire through Ulster . Many kinsmen of President Polk

s have distingui hed themselves in the annals Of this country . James

Buchanan , ﬁ fteenth President , was of Ulster Scot parentage . Chester

-ﬁ rs t s on Alan Arthur , twenty President , was the Of a Belfast minister f M cK inle -ﬁf o . th Scottish descent William y, twenty President , was s M cK inle o 1 7 0 de cended from David y, an Ulster Scot , born ab ut 3 , n i l and his wife, Rachel Stewart . The s urm a e M cK n e y in Ireland occurs only in Ulster Scot territory .

SCOTS AS CAB INE T OFFICE RS

R WA . William Harris Crawford ( 1 772 descended from

a C 1 654 . to . D vid rawford , who came from Scotland Virginia, c Sec re tary of War ( 1 61 5 Secretary o f the Treasury ( 1 81 6 r and save for an unfo tunate attack Of paralysis , would have been Presi

in 1 24 s 1 7 dent 8 . He was al o United States Senator from Ge orgia ( 80 1 3 ) and Minister to France ( 1 81 3 John Bell ( 1 797 Secretary Senator ( 1 847 and candidate o f the Consti t u tional 1 860 S s Union Party for President in , was probably Of cotti h

f s e . t C o desc nt George Washing on raw ford , Secretary War , was al o 1 Go vernor o f Georgia . Simon Cameron ( 799 of Scottish 1 84 5 parentage or descent , Senator ( Secretary of War in cabinet o f Lincoln ( 1 86 1 United States Minister to Russia ( 1 862 and again Se nator ( 1 866-77 James Donald Cameron ( 1 833 s on Of f i the preceding , was Secretary under Grant or a year and Un ted 1 87 8 7 1 5 1 States Senator from 7 to 1 9 . Daniel Scott Lamont ( 8 C l o f j ournalist and Secretary under leve and , was Ulster Scot origin . C m 1 768 TR EASURY . George Washington a pbell ( Secretary was also Minister to Russia ( 1 81 0 Alexander James Dallas ( 1 759 Secretary ( 1 81 4 was the son of a Scottis h 1 81 5- 1 6 ; C. . physician , Dr Robert Dallas During he also discharged the functions Of Secretary of War . Had a distinguished career as a

M cL ane 1 776 e M cL ane statesman . Louis ( son of All n , a Revo u i n r e i of l t o a y soldier and Speaker Of the L g slature Delaware, had a distingu ished career as Senator from Delaware ( 1 827 Minister to Great Britain ( 1 829 Secretary of the Treasury ( 1 83 1 and 1 8 3 M cL ane Secretary Of State ( 3 His son, Robert Milligan

( 1 81 5 had a distingu ished career as a diplomat . James Guthrie ( 1 792 Secretary in the cabinet of President Pierce ( 1 853 Thomas E wing ( 1 789 was United States Senator from Ohio ( 1 831 Secretary Of the Treasury Secretary o f the In E te rior ( 1 849 He traced his descent from Findlay wing, a native o t u s 1 688 of L ch Lomond , who dis ing i hed himself in the Revolution of c 1 808 under William of Orange . Hugh Mc ulloch ( descended

' ull h o from Hugh McC oc , Bailie of Dorn ch , Sutherlandshire , was Comptroller of the Currency ( 1 863 Secretary of the Treasury

42 S COTLAN D’S MARK ON AME RI CA 43

1 86 5-69 1 884 He funde d e ( , the National D bt during his ﬁrst C 1 825 n O term as Secretary . harles Foster ( Gover or of hio 1 8 ( 880 was Secretary Of the Treasury from 1 89 1 to 1 93 . Frank M h Oﬂi ce acVea . lin g (b Of Scottish ancestry , also held the under President Taft .

N I . I TER OR . Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart (b Secretary ’ Fillim ore s w as in President cabinet , son of Archibald Stuart, a Scot

r E who fought in Revolutiona y War . Thomas wing is already referred r to ( under Treasu y ) . Samuel Jordan Kirkwood , Secretary Of the

Interior under Garﬁeld , was also three times Governor of Iowa . 1 75 1 1 798 NAVY . Benjamin Stoddert ( Secretary ( 1 804 was grandson Of a Scot . William Alexander Graham (

Secretary was also Governor o f North Carolina . He proj ect ed the expedition to Japan under Commodore Perry . James Cochrane Dobbin ( 1 81 4 Paul Morton ( 1 857 Secretary ( 1 904 to m h was said be descended fro Richard Morton , a blacksmit and iron

s to A m e rica o master of Scotti h birth , who came ab ut the middle Of the eighteenth century . 1 8 1 81 1 889 . 30 8 STATE James Gillespie Blaine ( Secretary ( , 2 s 1 9 ) and unsucces ful candidate for President in 884 . John Hay ( 1 838 one of the ablest Secretaries o f State ( 1 898- 1 905 ) thi s

was . country ever had , also Of Scottish descent He also held several diplomatic posts in E urope ( 1 86 5 culminating in Ambas s ador to Great Britain ( 1 897

s 8 1 897- 1 9 1 3 AGRICULTURE . Jame Wil s on ( 1 35 Secretary ( ) M cK inle s under y, Roosevelt , and Taft , was born in Ayr hire , Scot 1 8 1 . Of s 9 land He was Regent Iowa State Univer ity , and in was elected to the chair o f Practical Agriculture in the College o f Agriculture and

E wa Director Of the State xperiment Stations . He s wonderfully succe s sful in the expans ion and administration Of the most useful ” public department in the world .

B aucho LABOR . William p Wilson , born in Blantyre , near Glasgow ,

1 862 - s s Scotland , in , Secretary Trea urer of the United Mine Worker of America Member of Congress ( 1 907 and Chair

O f C on t - s C s man the ommittee Labor in the six y econd ongre s , Secre tary o f L abor

- A s POSTMASTER GENER L . The ﬁr t postal service in the Colonies was E organized by Andrew Hamilton , a native Of dinburgh , who Obtained

a s C 1 4 a patent for a post l scheme from the Briti h rown in 69 . A mem orial stone on the south -west corner of the N e w York

‘ Pos Ofﬁce r - th t e . at , Thi ty third Street commemorates fact John

1 785 - 1 823 1 82 was Maclean ( Postmaster General from to 9 , 44 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

Of i C of O later Associate Justice the Un ted States Supreme ourt hio , and unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Presi 0 dent in 1 856 and again in 1 86 . He took part in the famous Dred Scott case, in which he dissented from Taney , maintaining that slavery had C its origin merely in power and was against right . James ampbell 1 81 2 of t - ( Ulster Scot parentage, Pos master General in the cabinet f e s a O President Pierce, mad a record by reducing the rate Of po t ge and 1 - introducing the registry system . Montgomery Blair ( 81 3 83 ) was - o f E g Postmaster General in the cabinet President Lincoln . Adlai win

- - Stevenson, Assistant Postmaster General , later became Vice President . SCOTS IN T HE SE NATE

John E wing Colhoun ( 1 749 Member Of State Legislature Of South Carolina and Senator from the same state was Of the L 1 75 same family as John C. Calhoun . George ogan ( 3 a man o f S of Gov high cientiﬁc attainments , grandson James Logan , Quaker e rnor o f F 1 7 8 Of Pennsylvania , went to rance in 9 with the design 1 801 averting war with that country, Senator from Pennsylvania ( John Rutherfurd ( 1 760-1 840) was grandson Of Sir John Rutherfurd E d e r on 1 7 e s t . 66 of g , Scotland James Brown ( S nator and - Minister Plenipotentiary to France , was of Scottish descent . Jacob 1 n 770 . Bur et ( Jurist and Senator, was the grandson Of a Scot 1 730 His father , William Burnet ( was a skilful physician and 80 Member Of Congress . John Leeds Kerr ( 1 7 and

o f . Senator , was the son of James Kerr Monreith Alexander Camp ' 1 77 9 Of . bell ( Senator, was Argyllshire descent Walter Lowrie ( 1 784 Senator ( 1 81 9 -35 ) and thereafter Secretary of the Sen for a E s be ate twelve ye rs, was born in dinburgh . His four ons all a C 1 799 c me prominent in law and theology . Simon ameron ( e m grandso n of a Cameron who fought at Culloden . His ancestor i ’ grated t o America soon after the 4 5 and fought under Wolfe against the Fre nch at Quebec . Simon Cameron was also for a time ’ Secretary o f War in Lincoln s Cabinet and Mini s ter to Russia . He “ s named his residence at Harri burg Lochiel . His brother James C 79t h was olonel o f the New York Volunteers , the Highlanders , in ame ' D nal s o d C . Of the Civil War . J ameron (b son Simon C was C f Pe nns l ameron , President of the Northern entral Railroad O y 1 863 of vania ( Secretary War Under General Grant , and Sena s E 1 81 0 tor from Pennsylvania . Charle . Stuart ( Lawyer and o f Senator , was a descendant Daniel Stuart who came to America

s 1 81 before 1 680. Stephen Arnold Dougla ( 3 Senator and un successful candidate o f the Democratic party for the Presidency in E M acD n l 81 1 860 o f . o a d 1 9 , was Scottish origin Joseph wing ( who held a foremost place among constitutional lawyers and was 1 864 Democratic candidate for Governor of Indiana in , was of Scot 1 82 1 n tish ancestry . Francis Montgomery Blair ( a desce dant o f f 1 Commissary Blair O Virginia , was Senator from Missouri ( 871

45 46 S COTLAN D ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

o - and Dem cratic candidate for Vice President in 1 868. James Burnie 1 822 C Beck ( born in Dumfriesshire, was Member of ongress 1 867-75 a 7 0 a ( ) and Sen tor from 1 8 6 to 1 89 . He served on m ny M c l i impo rtant comm itt ees . Joseph I va ne ( 1 765 United States 1 823 1 826 Senator from to , was grandson of a Scot . His father on C fought the olonial side in the Revolution . Randall Lee Gibson o f - C Scottish ancestry , Maj or General in the onfederate C Army during the ivil War , was United States Senator from Louis 1 883 a . s iana from till his de th His grandfather, Randall Gib on , was one th fOunde rs ff ’ e C . of . of Je erson ollege , M ississippi John Brown o 1 832 - C m G rdon ( Lieutenant General in the onfederate Ar y , -fifth thirty Governor Of Georgia and United States Senator, was 1 837-1 904 grandson o f a Scot . Marcus Alonzo Hanna ( ) was also C 1 84 5 C partly Scottish descent . alvin Stewart Brice ( hairman o f the Democ ratic Campaign Com mittee ( 1 888) and Senator from Ohio 1 i n ( 891 claimed descent from B ruce Of K nnaird . Da iel Hugh M Millan c ( b . was much identified with the welfare of Buf “ as falo . His grandfather w John the Upright , arbiter of the Hol landers of the Mohawk Valley during the latter part of the eighteenth n e M cD onald . century . Alexand r ( d Senator from Arka sas ( 1 868 was the son o f John M cD onald who came to the United 1 827 s States in , and was one of the first to di cover and develop bitu minous coal mines on the west branch of the Susquehanna River in i 1 84 2 Of n Pennsylvania . John Lendrum M tchell ( grandson Joh

Mitchell , farmer O f Aberdeenshire, was State Senator of Wisconsin , Member of Congress from Wisconsin ( 1 89 1 and Senator from i i m the same state ( 1 893 was al s o noted as a c ap tai s t . Samuel Ja es C C of Com Renwick MacM illan (d . hairman Of the ommittee

C . merce , was of ovenanting descent SCOTS IN THE H OUSE OF RE PRE SE NTATIVE S

Only a very fe w names o f Members of Congress of Scottish birth or

descent can be dealt with here . Some additional names will be found

in other sections of this work . William Houston (b . about son e C Con of Sir Patrick Houston, was a Memb r Of the ontinental 1 730 of gress . John Morin Scott ( grandson the second son of Sir John Scott of Ancrum was Brigadier-General of New York State troops at the Battle of Long Island and Member of Congress from 1 77 1 8 1 730 9 to 7 3 . William Burnet ( of Scottish parentage, physician and Member of Congr ess . Among his sons the following N e w are worthy o f notice : Dr . William Burnet of Jersey, Major e o o f O Ichabod Burnet of G rgia , Jacob Burnet, pioneer hio , and David

Of of . G . Burnet , Provisional President the Republic Texas William C 1 760 o f C 1 809 to 1 81 rawford ( Member ongress from 7, was 1 787 born in Paisley . William Fitzhugh Gordon ( Member 1 829 of n from Virginia ( Scottish desce t , is said to have been the

- ri . o o ginator of the Sub Treasury system The town of G rdonsville ,

a . Virginia , was n med a fter him or after his family Leonidas Felix

. t Livingston (b grandson of Adam Livingston from Sco land , r v who se ved in the Re olutionary War, was a Member o f the Ge orgia

s o f C r . Legi lature and Member ong ess John Louis Macdonald ( b.

newspaper editor , State Senator, etc . , was born in Glasgow . 1 3 . 8 9 James Buchanan (b ) of Scottish descent , was Member from 49th 50th Sl s t 52nd o New Jersey to , , and C ngress . David Bremner 1 840 O Henderson ( born at ld Deer , Aberdeenshire , served in C t the Civil War and lost a leg at orin h , was Member from Iowa ( 1 880 and Speaker o f the House of Representatives ( 1 899 1 840 William Grant Laidlaw , born near Jedburgh , Scotland , in , served C War e of C 1 887 t 1 in the ivil and was M mber ongress from o 89 1 . bu E R e m . John dgar y (b Member State Senate of Pennsylvania , C 1 890-1 907 1 851 Member of ongress ; and James Fleming Stewart , (

were both of Scottish descent . SCOTS IN THE JUDICIARY

As with the medical and theologi cal professions the legal has

o f shared the dominating inﬂuence Scotland , and indeed it is perhaps not too much to say that much of the dis tinctive character of Am eri can j urisprudence is due to the inﬂuence o f men Of Scottish blood s f at the bench and bar . The second Chief Ju tice o the United States Supreme Court (John Rutledge) and two o f the four original Asso

o f . ciate Justices, Blair and Wilson , were Scottish origin The mother

the C s Of of John Marshall, great hief Ju tice , was Scottish origin f ( Keith) . O f ﬁfty j udges o the United States Supreme Court from

1 789 1 882 s to , at least ﬁfteen were o f Scotti h birth or descent . We have space here to deal with only a selection o f the most prominent names .

And rew Kirkpatrick ( 1 756 Chief Justice of N e w Jersey for “ - s twenty one years , whose decisions especially tho e on realty mat o f ters , show a depth research , a power of discrimination , and a just ness Of reasoning which entitle him to rank among the ﬁrst Ameri ” was Of the can j urists , Scottish parentage , descended from Kirk

f i . s patricks o Dum fr esshire His son , also named Andrew , was Pre i dent Judge of the Court of Common Plea s Of E ssex County ( 1 885-96 ) and United States District Judge ( 1 896 George Robertson ( 1 790 Chief Justice O f Kentucky ( 1 829 “ whose name stands ﬁrst in the list Of great men who have occupied and adorned ” ff the Appellate bench of Kentucky , and who declined the o er of the f n o c r . be governorship of Arka sas , was S ottish ancest y Ro rt Cooper Grier ( 1 794 Associate Justice o f the Superior Court of Con ’ - E n ne ct icut ( 1 846 70) was Of same origin . uge ius Aristides Nisbe t 1 803 o Of ( descended fr m Murdoch Nisbet , a Lollard Kyle, after a brilliant career in the state legislatu re became Chief Justice of the 1 7 Supreme Court of Ge orgia . Thomas Todd ( 65 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court ( 1 807 The ﬁrst Chief Justice o f 1 722 t Delaware , William Killen ( was born in the nor h Of Ire 1 795 land Of Scottish parentage . John J . Milligan ( grandson e s of a Scottish migrant from Ayrshire, was As ociate Justice of Dela Of h ware , and refused , on account ill healt , the portfolio of Secretary Filli o f the Interior in the cabinet Of President more . E llis Le wis

50 S COTLAN D’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

C . . C t . alifornia , LL D of olumbia Universi y , was of Scottish ancestry E 1 829 o f E o Thomas wing ( son Thomas wing, Secretary f the - Treasury, at the age o f twenty nine was elected ﬁrst Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio . During the Civil War he took a con s icuous p part and rose to the rank of General . William Harper 1 790 ( born in Antigua , Leeward Islands, of Scottish parents , C Of t C 1 828-30 1 83 5 was hancellor the Universi y of South arolina ( , 47 and Judge o f the Court of Appeals o f South Carolina ( 1 830 1 780 C i John Bannister Gibson ( hief Justice of Pennsylvan a , 1 7 2 was Of Ulster Scot descent . Harry Innes ( 5 o f Scottish C m parentage, was one of the o missioners appointed to draft a con i n e s t tutio for Kentucky , b ing chosen by Washington because of his Of integrity . He was also appointed ﬁrst Chief Justice Kentucky but 1 f . 772 declined the of ice John Buchanan ( of Scottish ancestry ,

C Of C of the C o f was hief Justice Maryland , and hief Justice ourt

- for . e Appeals thirty seven years His brother, Thomas , was associat d 1 840 C i with him on the bench . David Torrance ( hief Just ce o f E C . the Supreme Court of onnecticut , was born in dinburgh SCOTS AS AM B ASSAD ORS

Some o f those who have represented this country at foreign courts previously held Ofﬁ ce in the Cabinet or were M embers Of the Senate are noted under these headings : John Graham ( 1 774 Mini s ter-Plenipotentiary to Brazil r was brother o f George Graham , Acting Secreta y o f War in C M cCu rd the cabinets of Madison and Monroe . harles Johnston y

f s 1 51 -52 . O s 8 (b Ul ter Scot descent , was Minister to Au tria ( ) 1 801 i n and Justice Of the Supreme Court . Miller Grieve ( born E C O f dinburgh , Representative in the Georgia Legislature, hairman ’ o f s O f O C é d A ffaires Board Tru tees glethorpe University, was harg

. 7 at Copenhagen William Hunter ( 1 7 4 of Scottish parentage . a scholar and linguist , United States Senator from Rhode Island 1 81 2 - 1 ( was Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil in 834 . William Brad ford Reed ( 1 806-76 ) was E nvoy -E xt raordinary and Minister n e 1 1 1 Ple ipotentiary to China . L wis Davis Campbell ( 8 Chairman C t t - C was Ways and Means ommit ee in the thir y fourth ongress, United i M L an 1 81 5 s on States nister to Mexico . Robe rt Milligan Mc e ( o f Mc ne s 1 853 Allen L a , was United States Mini ter to China (

Mexico ( 1 859 and France ( 1 885 John M . Forbes (d . th e descendant of Scottish family Of Forbes , was Secretary ’ Of Legation to Buenos Ayres ( 1 823 ) and Chargé d Affaire s ( 1 82 5 James Hepburn Campbell ( 1 820-95 ) Member of Congress and Minister to Sweden and Norway ( 1 864 John Adam Kasson 1 822 Of s 1 721 ( descendant Adam Ka son ( ) from Argyllshire ,

ha d t s . a dis ingui hed career , the list of honors held by him is long Whitelaw Reid ( 1 837 one of the half dozen most distinguished representatives Of this country abroad was O f Scott ish descent on both M f acVe a h . o sides . Wayne g ( b Scottish origin, was United States Mini s ter to Turkey ( 1 870 Ambassador t o Italy ( 1 893 s - and was al o Attorney General under President Garﬁeld .

h . T omas Barker Ferguson (b diplomat and inventor , was great -grandson O f James Ferguson who emigrated from S cotland at

s end of seventeenth century . He was Commi sioner of Fish and Fish eries ( 1 878 E nvoy -E xtraordinary and Minister-Plenipotentiary to Sweden and Norway ( 1 893 etc . His grandfather was a

51 52 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

Member of the South Carolina Provincial Legislature and Member f L o O C . h n the ouncil Of Sa fety W iteside Godfrey Hunter, born in donde rr 1 84 1 e C y in , Of Scottish ancestry , was a Memb r of ongress and E nvoy— E xtraordinary and Minister- Plenipotentiary to Guatemala and

Honduras . Richard Renshaw Neill (b . was Secretary of ’ t C é d A ffaire s United S ates Legation at Lima , Peru, and has been harg f ff . O there eight di erent times . Hugh Anderson Dinsmore (b C C Ulster Scot origin , was Minister Resident and onsul Ge neral in orea ( 1 887-90) and later Member o f Congress ( 1 892 John Wallace e om Riddle (b . held several diplomatic pos ts culminating in b c ing Ambassador to Russia ( 1 906 Thomas Cleland Dawson s on Of o f C o f ( b . a native lackmannan , was Secretary the American Legation to Brazil ( 1 897 Minister Resident and “ Consul General to Santo Domingo and author o f South 2 1 903 American Republics, a standard work ( v . George B rin ton Mc Cle llan Harvey the present Ambassador to Great Britain is 1 2 descended from Stuart Harvey who came from Scotland in 8 0. SCOTS AS STATE G OVE RNORS

MLA I N E b n 1 . Ro ert Pinck ey Du nlap ( 794 eighth governor , and Hugh Johnston Anderson ( 1 801 fourteenth Governor ( 1 844 Of 1 803 were Ulster Scot descent . Abner Coburn ( twenty ' “ t fourth Governor, was also most probably of Sco tish or Ulster Scot descent .

N E W M I m 1 809 HA PSH RE . Jeremiah S ith, fourth Governor ( n h . s o t e was of Ulster Scot parentage His , of same name, was an s A so ciate Justice of t he Supreme Court of the state . Samuel Bell 1 77 f 1 71 8 ( 0 a descendant of one o f the Ulster Scot settlers O , was three times elected Governor ( 1 81 9 -23 ) with little or no Opposi

. 1 765 tion John Bell ( his brother , was thirteenth Governor ( 1 828 Joseph Morrill Harper ( 1 789 who s erved as acting 1 83 1 f o . a Governor in , was Ulster Scot descent S muel Dinsmoor ( 1 766 sixteenth Governor ( 1 83 1 a distinguished factor

Of on . in the history his state, was of Ulster Scot descent both sides 1 799 m r His eldest son ( also na ed Samuel , se ved as twenty fourth Governor ( 1 849 Noah Martin of Ulster Sc ot -ﬁf h t . C descent on both sides , was the twenty Governor harles Henry 1 823 -ﬁ rs t Bell ( son o f Governor John Bell, was forty Governor - n 1 8 . 93 of the state John Butler Smith , forty seventh Gover or ( n L an 1 52 was a descendant of o e o f the settlers Of 1 7 1 8. John M c e ( 8

' 1 9 1 1 ﬁ f - o 1 905 in L e nnOxt wn ) t seventh G vernor ( was born o , y ‘ - s s Scotland . He was host at the Russian Japane e Conference at Port

mouth . N ERM T . C o V O harles James Bell , ﬁftieth G vernor was de n H . f 1 1 8. o e o f . o 7 scended from the Londonderry , N , settlers John - 1 870 Wolcott Stewart , thirty third Governor ( was descended E from Robert Stewart who went from dinburgh to Londonderry , Ire o f who i land , and whose son was one those em grated from there to 71 H . 1 8. R lu . ev Londonderry , N , in His grandfather fought in the o

t ionary War .

Claﬂin 1 81 8- 1 905 t - MASSACH USETTS . William ( ) wenty third Gov t O f cruor , was a descendan Of one the Scots prisoners taken at the 0 battle of Dunbar in 1 65 . E 1 824 ov RHODE ISLAND . General Ambrose . Burnside ( G ! 54 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA e rnor ( 1 867 William Gregory ( 1 849 forty- second Gov 1 900 s cruor ( was O f direct Scottish de cent . M cL e an -ﬁr 1 901 C N N TI UT . s t o O EC C George Payne , forty G vernor (

was of Scottish descent . 1 1 827 DELAWARE . Charles Polk ( 788 thirteenth Governor ( and President o f the Constitutional Convention o f his state in 1 83 1 C 1 809 , was of Ulster Scot descent . John P . ochran (

- twenty sixth Governor ( 1 875 was o f the same origin . N N NI M cK e an 1 799 is al PE SYLVA A . Thomas , Governor ( ready noticed under Signers o f the Declaration Of Independence . Wil liam“ Findlay ( 1 768 fourth Governor ( 1 81 7 O f Ulster Scot s Of de cent , was also United States Senator and Treasurer the Mint

Fr m 1 2 at Philadelphia . William ea e Johnston ( 80 Governor from 1 1 852 848 . to , was o f Scottish parentage He did much to develop the o f Oil region Pennsylvania , and was also President Of the Allegheny c 1 81 0 1 855 Valley Railroad . James Pollo k ( Governor ( It “ ” was through his efforts that In God we trust was placed on the 1 81 9 1 7 1 873 coinage . John White Geary ( Go vernor from 86 to , f was o Ulster Scot descent . 1 759 MARYLA ND . John Francis Mercer ( eleventh Governor

1 801 s . was a descendant O f the Mercers Of Aldie , Perth hire 1 749 o 1 803 —06 Robert Bowie ( twelfth and fifteenth G vernor ( , 1 81 1 and Robert Milligan M cL ane ( 1 81 5 forty - se cond Gov ' n r 1 884 f e r o o . n ( were direct Scottish descent Frank Brow , forty-fifth Governor ( 1 892 was descended from Abel Brown who 7 1 30. emigrated from Dumfries , c . 1 776 - 1 842 VIRGI NIA . James Barbour ( ) was eleventh Governor 1 81 2 C was ( Barbour ounty , Florida , named in his honor . David Campbell ( 1 779 twenty -fi rs t Governor ( 1 837 was of Scot 1 tis h descent on both sides . Thomas Walker Gilmer ( 802 twenty second Governor ( 1 840 was a descendant o f the Scotti sh G 1 7 7 physician, Dr . eorge Gilmer . J ohn Mercer Patton ( 9 Lieutenant-Governor and acting Governor was son of Robert

Patton who emigrated from Scotland . His mother was a daughter n 1 792 -t O f Ge . Hugh Mercer . John Ruther ford ( twenty hird . 1 84 1 Governor ( was most probably of Scottish descent . William E C - 1 882 -86 wan ameron , thirty sixth Governor ( ) descended from the Of Rev . John Cameron , a graduate Aberdeen University, who came

m . 1 770. 1 c C . 1 4 to A eri a , c Henry arter Stuart (b Governor ( 9 descended from Archibald Stuart who ﬂed from Scotland for and i 1 726 political reasons settled in Virg nia in . E e 1 820 WEST VIRGI NIA . William rskine St venson ( second 1 -71 o f Governor ( 869 ) was b rn O Ulster Scot parentage . William S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RICA 55

C 1 - f Alexander Mac orkle (b . eighth Governor ( 893 97) is o

. C M acCorkle Scottish descent His grandfathers , aptain John and C McNutt C 1 781 aptain John , fell at the battle Of owpens , .

NORTH CAROLINA . Nathaniel Alexander ( 1 756 thirteenth 1 805 Governor ( was O f Scottish descent . William Alexander 1 804 Graham ( thirtieth Governor ( 1 84 5 was s on of Gen .

oﬂi c r. w s s f Joseph Graham , a Revolutionary e He a al o Secretary O 1 850 ’ d m the Navy in , and proj ected the expe ition to Japan under Co mdor Tod . 8 o e Perry . R Caldwell ( 1 1 8 fortieth Governor ( 1 87 1 - o 1 897 and David Lindsay Russell , forty eighth Govern r ( d i s were both Of irect Scott sh de cent .

I N . C . SOUTH AROL A General William Moultrie , son Of Dr Moul

1 - 7 — n 785 87 1 94 96 . E trie , was Governor in and dward Rutledge , te th Governor ( 1 798 is already noticed under the Signers o f the N Declaration O f Independence . O measure Of importance was

i s his a adopted by the leg lature without t king part in it, while many ” s 1 779 originated with him elf . Andrew Pickens , ( nineteenth 1 81 6 s on O f R evolu Governor ( was a Andrew Pickens , the noted t ionar 1 77 y general . John Geddes ( 7 twentieth Governor 1 81 8 Of 1 787 ( was Scottish descent . Stephen Decatur Miller ( twenty -ﬁ fth Governor ( 1 828 also served as United States e M cD ufﬁe 1 790 - Senator . G orge ( twenty eighth Governor , the

s o f e on greatest orator and state man G orgia , was of Scottish parentage M D ufﬁ o s . b th ides c e County in Georgia is so named in his honor . Patrick Noble ( 1 787 thirtieth Governor ( 1 838 was grand s on an ls c n c 1 826 of U ter S ot immigra t . Robert Kingston S ott ( forty-ﬁfth Governor ( 1 868 was the grands on or great-grandson o f a refugee from Culloden .

a B 1 766 GEORGIA . D vid rodie Mitchell ( ninth Governor “ - 1 809 1 1 1 81 o . s ( , 5 was b rn in Scotland He was de cribed as a Of n conscientious , cultured , and conservative man , great e ergy, public ” M I ntos h . e c spirit , and animated by the purest patriotism G orge 1 t Troup ( 780 the Hercules o f S ate Rights , fourteenth Gov ne e rnor ( 1 823 was Of Scotti s h descent on both sides . He was o ’ of Georgia s most illu s trious Chief Magistrates . A county in the state 1 780 is named after him . John Forsyth ( ﬁfteenth Governor

( 1 827 was also United States Secretary of State . George Rock 1 790 i e 1 829 -3 1 1 837 ingham Gilmer ( s xte nth Governor ( , e was the grandson of a Scottish physician , Dr . George Gilm r . He was He “ n 1 855 also Member of Congress . also wrote a work , Georgia s , . containing much valuable matter relating to the early settlers of his

M cD o nal 1 793 state . Charles James d ( nineteenth Governor 56 S COTLA ND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

( 1 839 and George Washington Crawford ( 1 798 twentiet h 1 843 Governor ( were both of Scottish descent . James Johnson ,

-ﬁfth r s twenty Governo was grandson of a Scotti h immigrant , He rendered great service to his state in its reconstruction after the war . Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( 1 81 2 grandson of an ad C E - Of Con herent of Prince harles dward , was Vice President the federacy ( 1 861 chie f Confederate Commi s sioner in the Hampton

' C in Feb ruar 1 865 C Roads onference y, , Member of ongress from Georgia ( 1 873 Governor of the state and author of The ” “ War Between the States ( 1 868-70) and o f a History Of the United ” States John Brown Go rdon ( 1 832 thirty -ﬁfth Gov e rnor ( 1 886 was the great- grandson Of one of seven brothers m of who e igrated from Scotland , all whom served in the Revolution h . s e ary Army As Governor his administration was faultle s , and t “ New York Sun declared his inaugu ration worthy O f Th o mas Je ffe r

5 0 11 .

r F . FLORIDA . Francis Philip leming (b fourteenth Governo 1 8 w s ( 89 as of Scotti h descent . Alexander Walker Gilchri st , who nineteenth Governor a descendant of Nimrod Gilchrist , came from Glasgow in 1 750.

M 1 780 r 1 82 1 ALABA A . Israel Pickens ( third Gove nor ( Democratic Member of Congress from North Carolina ( 1 81 1 1 7 United States Senator was of Scottish descent . Reuben Chapman ( 1 802 eleventh Governor ( 1 847 was also Of Scot 1 809 tish ancestry . Robert Miller Patton ( seventeenth Governor ’ ( 1 86 5 was Ulster Scot on his father s side and Scottish on his ’ 1 . 824 mother s Robert Burns Lindsay , born in Dumfriesshire in , a n was li guist and a scholar , educated at the University o f St . Andrews , nineteenth Governor ( 1 870 George Smith Houston ( 1 81 1

- ﬁrs t . twenty Governor , and Joseph Forney Johnston ( b - 1 tw enty seventh Go vernor ( 896 were both of Scottish descent .

c n 1 81 5 N N M Mi n . TE E SSEE . Joseph ( d ﬁ fth Governor (

Of . a was most probably Scottish descent S muel Houston , seventh

1 827 . . Governor ( is noticed under Texas Neil S Brown , four n h n 1 847 Of S c0t te e t Gover or ( was grandson Angus Brown , a who fought in the Revolutionary War under Gen . Francis Marion . William Bowen Campbell ( 1 807 sixteenth Governor ( 1 851 lli r M cMi n . was also Of Scottish descent . . Benton (b Governo ( 1 899 E nvoy-E xtraordinary and Minister-Plenipotentiary to

1 9 1 3 . Peru in , of Ulster Scot descent N 1 797 1 820 KE TUCKY . John Adair ( eighth Governor ( “ was o f Scottish parentage . His term was marked by great legi sla

58 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

- . of (b brother the preceding , was twenty second Governor ( 1 881 J ohn Newton Pharr ( 1 829 elected Governor in 1 896 not on but seated account of the negro question , was descended from

Walter Pharr who came from Scotland in 1 765 . i M ISSOURI . Alexander M cNa r ( 1 774 ﬁrst state Governor 1 820 of ( most probably was Scottish birth or descent. Trusten 1 81 1 Of h Polk ( same origin as President Polk , was elevent Gov e rnor Benj amin Gratz Brown ( 1 826 also of Scottish ’ 1 871 1 873 and uns u e s ful descent , was Governor from to , cc s candidate fo r - 1 72 Vice President in 8 .

IOWA . John Chambers ( 1 780 second Governor of the terri o f . tory Iowa was Of Scottish descent on both sides . James Wilson Grimes ( 1 81 6 third Governor was o f Ulster Scot de 1 81 i o f scent . Samuel Jordan Kirkwood ( 3 three t mes Governor . his 1 860-64 1 876— 77 state ( , was descended from a brother of Captain o Robert Kirkwood , a Delaware soldier f the Revolution . He was also 1 25 Secretary O f the Interior under Garﬁeld . John Henry Gear ( 8 eleventh Governor ( 1 878 A s s it s ant Secretary o f United States Treasury ( 1 892 and Senator ( 1 895 was of Scottish

. C ancestry Albert Baird ummins , eighteenth Governor , of Ulster Scot ancestry .

I N NES TA . M O Alexander Ramsey , ﬁrst territorial and second state G 1 849 -53 1 860 overnor ( , was grandson of an Ulster Scot who i served in the Revolut onary War .

E . . 8 1 NEBRASKA James Boyd ( b . eighth Governor ( 1 9 w as r born in county Tyrone o f Ulster Scot ancest y . 1 KA NSAS . John Alexander Martin ( 839 ninth Governor 1 885 Of ( was Ulster Scot descent .

1 793- 1 863 Of - TE! AS . Samuel Houston ( ) was a descendant J ohn 1 Houston who settled in Philadelphia in 689 . He was Member of Congress from Tennessee ( 1 823 Governor o f Tennessee ( 1 827 and as Cornm ande r-in-chief Of the Texans he defeated the Mexi n 1 836 on S an and cans under Santa An a in the banks of the Jacinto,

by this one blow achieved the independence of Texas . He was elected re - ﬁrst President Of the new republic in the same year, was elected in h 1 84 1 1 859 . t e , and in was elected Governor of the state Houston ,

C s was e d in . capital of Harris ounty , Texa , nam his honor Peter Hans borough Bell ( 1 81 2 third Governor ( 1 849 was of Ul

E . st er Scot ancestry , as was also James dward Ferguson (b o o James Stephen Hogg, nineteenth G vernor and Th mas Mitchell - f O . Campbell , twenty third Governor , were Scottish descent E c L RAD . oo CO O O dward Moody Mc k , ﬁfth and seventh Governor S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA 59

1 -7 1 74 869 3 8 n . ( , was of Scottish desce t He also served in the C - ivil War and attained the rank of Brigadier General . James Ben 1 883 Of ton Grant , tenth Governor ( was grandson a Scottish

M cD onald - . 1 905 immigrant Jesse Fuller , twenty third Governor ( a descendant Of James M cD onald who emigrated from Scotland early r and in the eighteenth centu y settled in Maine .

o 1 833 WYOM I NG . Thomas Mo nlight ( sixth territorial Gov e rnor ( 1 887 was bo rn in Forfarshire . l 1 i . o 880 UTAH . E Houston Murray ( b G vernor ( of

s Scottish ance try.

a 1 9 1 0 IDAH O . John Henry Br dy (b . eighth Governor ( is of Ulster Scot descent . David P . Thompson, ninth Governor o f the

1 874 s Of state ( al o Ulster Scot descent , built the ﬁrst railroad in O regon, and was twice Mayor of Portland .

- UTH AK TA . C C x o 1 907 08 SO D O orie Isaac rawford , si th G vernor ( ) is o f Ulster Scot descent .

I NI M cD ou ll 1 81 8- 66 - CAL FOR A . John ga ( ) was Lieutenant Governor ( 1 849 ) and afterwards Governor . Peter Hardeman Burnett (b . 1 807 ) was ﬁrst Governor of the state ( 1 849 Both were O f Scot tish origin .

O EG N . R O James Shields . ﬁrst territorial Governor was born

C . in Dungannon , ounty Tyrone, of Ulster Scot parentage George Abernethy ( 1 807 territorial Governor ( 1 84 5 was born in “ was New York city of Scotti s h parentage . As a governor he ”

ffi . patriotic , e cient , and unselﬁsh SCOTS IN THE ARM Y

I N M a D ou all 1 73 1 REVOLUT O . Alexander c g ( born in Islay, C - - successively olonel , Brigadier General , and Maj or General in the C C Revolutionary War , and later Delegate to the ontinental ongress ' “ 1 780 1 784 de s cribe d b t in and , was y Washing on as a brave soldier ” and distinguished patriot . Before the outbreak of the war he was “ ” of t a successful merchant , a leader the Sons of Liber y , and was the ﬁrst American imprisoned for his utterances in behalf Of inde pe nd

enCe . a t s . Macdoug l Street , New York ci y , commemorate his name Robe rt E rskine ( 1 735 geographer and Chief o f E ngineers on E Of ff Of R e v. the sta Washington , was a son of Ralph rskine Dun

f rmlin . r e e Washington erected a stone over his g ave at Ringwood ,

r 1 750 N e w Jersey . Hen y Knox ( Ge neral of Artillery and Sec - re tary of War ( 1 785 Lieutenant Colonel Richard Clough An r 1 - 1 s o f n de s on ( 750 826 ) was grand n o a Scottish emigrant . Ge eral e E 1 736 r Jam s wing ( c . of Ulster Scot descent , served in B ad ’ dock s campaign and also during the Revolution . Ge neral William Wirt Henry was descended from an Ulster Scot who came between

1 71 8 and 1 722 to Massachusetts . General Richard Montgomery

1 736 o f M ont om e rie s o f w as ( a descendant the g Ayrshire , killed while leading the attack on Quebec ; and Maj or John Macpherson 1 754 ( of Scots parentage , killed beside Montgomery , was the n ﬁrs t soldier o f prominence from Pen sylvania to be killed in the war . “ ” - Bancroft calls him the pure minded , youth ful enthusiast for liberty. C M cL ne 1 746— 1 829 i a re olonel Allan a ( ) of Scottish orig n , repe tedly ’ ” on ferred to in Dr . Weir Mitchell s Hugh Wynne , was e o f the Rough Riders” who patrolled the country around Philadelphia to prevent provisions reaching the British troops in the city . His ﬂight and escape from the British in one of these raids was the subj ect of a

. 1 725 painting by James Peale General Hugh Mercer ( c . born Of in Aberdeen , died Of wounds received at the battle Princeton, also served with distinction in the Braddock and Forbes campaigns in

. f western Pennsylvania His life was a strenuous one, full O exacting “ for Go olrick and unselﬁsh work others , and as Judge says in his Li fe ” “ f he is t o ratiu de - o Mercer , entitled the g of all libert y loving ” America . Mercer county , New Jersey , was named in his honor .

60 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA 61

J ohn Armstrong ( 1 725 born in the North o f Ireland o f Scotti s h F n 1 755 i ancestry , served in the re ch and Indian War ( was Br ga d ier- General in the Continental Army ( 1 776 and De legate to the C C s 1 778-80 1 787 C s ontinental ongre s ( , olonel Jame Livingston ” ( 1 747 by his timely shot drove the British warship Vulture from her anchorage in the North River thus securing the capture of ' ’ f dis comﬁtu re a s A ndre , e fecting the of Arnold s tre son , and a suring the ” hr s tre o f . s C s afety o f West Point , the key the Revolution Jame y 1 75 E ( 0 born in Or near dinburgh , j oined the Revolutionary

A rmy and s erved with high reputa tion till the end o f the war . On the discovery Of Arnold ’s plot at W’est Point he was entrusted with a

a s s . d elic te mis ion by Wa hington , which he executed successfully His so n - C Ch r s t ie , Lieutenant olonel James y , earned a name for himself s 1 81 2 s a t the Battle Of Queen town in the war Of . William David on

s f r ( 1 746 born in Penn ylvania o Scottish pa rentage o descent , w as - e a Brigadier G neral in the Revolutionary Army , and was killed 1 the C 3 1 1 78 . Con in the ﬁght at ford over atawba River , January ,

r s for g e s voted ﬁve hundred dollars a monument to his memory , and

C . Davidson College , North arolina , is named in his honor General William Macpherson ( 1 756 born in Philadelphia o f Scott ish s m i parents , was in the British ervice at the ti e O f the Revolut on , but and r h resigned and j oined the colonies , se ved fait fully under Wash n n i gto . Maj or Robert Kirkwood was killed in the battle against the 1 792 - i for Miami Indians in , the thirty third t me he had risked his life

a M c I ntos h 1 727 I his country . L chlan ( of the family Of M ac n

B orlum o e s s - tosh Of , was b rn in Badenoch , Inv rne shire , and came to h Am erica with his father w o s ettled in Georgi a . He volunteered his

s on o f 1 776 . service the outbreak the Revolution , becoming General in

t S avannah o He was second in command a . and to k part in the defence

M I ntos h is his O f C . c harleston county , Georgia , named after family , “ s whose members have illu trated the state , in both ﬁeld and forum , f ” 1 1 s ince the days o Oglethorpe . William Moultrie ( 73 born

E o r C r s on in ngland South a olina , of the Scottish physician, Dr . John

‘ Of o f C Moultrie , ancestor the Moultries South arolina , repulsed the ’ s 1 7 attack on Sullivan s I land in 7 6 and defended Charleston in 1 779 .

Fort Moultrie was named in his honor . Andrew Pickens ( 1 739 f m o Scottish parentage , was noted as a partizan com ander in South Carolina ( 1 779 served with distinction at Cowpens in 781 1 . , and captured Atlanta , Georgia , in the same year Pickens 1 - c e . 728 1 822 o f ounty , G orgia , bears his name John Stark ( ) one the o f most noted Generals the Revolution, serving with di stinction in Of C s everal campaigns , was a member the ourt Martial which con 7 4 é . C 1 de mne d . 3 Maj or Andr Arthur St lair ( born at Thurso , 62 S COTLAN D ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

C aithness , took part in many battles of the Revolution, was President of C r 1 787 of i 1 789 ong ess in , and Governor the Northwest Terr tory (

William . Alexander 1 726 u ( tit lar Lord Stirling , born in o f Albany Scottish parentage, commanded a Brigade at the Battle of ’

Long Island , and also served at Trenton , Brandywine , Germantown , n 1 44 and Mo mouth . John Paterson ( 7 grandson o f a Dum

frie s s hire m c m e igrant , took part in many battles o f the Revolution, o m — 1 783 f issioned Maj or General in , the youngest one O that rank in one o f o f the army , and was the organizers the Society of Cincinnati .

General Daniel Stewart was another patriot of the Revolution . A n county in Georgia is amed in his honor . A R 1 786 ME! IC N WA . Winﬁeld Scott ( grandson of a Scot o who fought at Culloden , was b rn in Virginia, and entered the army 1 the 1 1 2 808 . Of 8 in He served with great ability in War , later be

- C -in— o f 1 1 came Major General and ommander chief the Army in 84 . During the war with Mexico he held chief command of the Army,and - 1 847 h 1 . n 796 be came Lieutenant General in Jo n Mu roe (c .

- s a born in Ross shire , entered the United States Army, w service C f against the Florida Indians , became hief o Artillery under General

! the achary Taylor in Mexican War , and was subsequently M ilitary and Civil Governor o f Ne w Mexico ( 1 849 James Bowie ( 1 795 “ ” f o - o Sc ttish descent and of Bowie knife celebrity, took part the 1 83 in the Texan Revolution and was killed at Alamo in 6 . Bowie of e county and the town Bowie in Montague county , Texas , perp tuate

his name . The Bowies were a prominent family in Maryland , occupy

s . ing high po itions in politics , j urisprudence, and society R 1 82 5 CIVI L WA . General David Bell Birney ( son of James

Gillespie Birney , served with distinction in the Army of the Potomac . General Ambrose E verett Burnside ( 1 824 later Governor of Rh ode Island ( 1 867 and United States Senator ( 1 875 was grand s on of a Scot who emigrated to South Carolina at end o f the C 1 829 eighteenth century . Samuel Wylie rawford ( o f Scottish - for ancestry , was brevetted Maj or General of Volunteers conspicuous ” Of C v gallantry , and wrote Genesis the i il War Maj or General Thomas E wing ( 1 829 was descendant of Thomas E wing who emigrated to New Jersey in 1 71 5 . James Lorraine Geddes E - ( 1 829 born in dinburgh, brevetted Brigadier General for his “ ’ l ” services , was also a poet , and wrote The Soldier s Batt e Prayer , “ ” 1 . 832 The Stars and Stripes , etc John Brown Gordon ( Lieu tenant-General in the Confederate Army and later Governor of

s of n Georgia , was de cendant Joh George Gordon and his wi fe Mary

. C a Chapman , emigrants from Scotland General harles Smith H milton rv ( 1 822 o f Scottish descent , also se ed with distinction in the S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA 63

Mexican War . General Grant ascribed the success of the repulse 1 824 “ at Corinth to him . Thomas Jonathan Jackson ( Stonewall

s . Jack on, the noted Confederate General , was of Ulster Scot descent

o 1 826 o f John Alexander L gan ( Ulster Scot parentage, was later for - 1 884 unsuccessful candidate the Vice Presidency in , United States “ ” 1 87 1 -77 1 879 o f C Senator ( , and author The Great onﬂict M aj or - General Robert M cAllis te r ( 1 81 3 great-grandson llis 1 732 M cA te r . C Of Archibald from Scotland , harles Lafayette Mc 1 824 o Arthur ( soldier, p litician , and journalist , was Of Scots M cArt hur 1 84 5 o f parentage . General Arthur ( Scots parent

on f M cA rthu r age , s o Arthur the Jurist, later served in the Philippines , 1 906 — l h f became in Lieutenant Genera , being the twel ft o ﬁcer in the b histo ry of the Army to attain that rank . Descri ed as our best read ” n . s o e and best informed soldier His , Douglas , s rved with distinction

McA rthu r E 1 826 in the Great War . John , born in rskine , Scotland , in ,

t o 1 849 - emigrated United States in , was brevetted Maj or General

M c Call 1 802 v for gallantry . General George Archibald ( ser ed in ed s the Florida and Mexican Wars , and also render di tinguished ser C c 1 81 5 vice in the Civil War . Daniel raig Mc allum ( born in E 1 855 Renfrewshire , Superintendent of the rie Railroad ( was Director of Military Roads in the United States ( 1 862 and be “ - came Maj or Ge neral in 1 866 . He introduced the inﬂexible arched

robabl i truss , which has p v been in more general use n the United

- a i . St tes than any other system of t mber bridges The McCooks, of

s O Scottish de cent , two hio families with a remarkable milita ry record , “ ” “ ” O ften di s tinguis hed as the Tribe Of Dan and Tribe of John from

— s s two . their re pective head brothers , Major Daniel and Dr John Mc

C . ook All the sons , fourteen in number, served either in the Army n o e f s . or Navy, and all but were commanding O ﬁcer Clinton Dugald

u l - o f s s McD o ga ( b . Major General and later M e mber Congre

1 872 M cD owell 1 81 8 ( was born in Scotland . I rvin ( served C th e f in the Mexican War, in the ivil War had command of Army O

- 1 872 of the Potomac, Maj or General in , was descendant emigrant from Londonderry shortly after the siege in which his ances tor took k 1 81 0—7 1 part . General John Ban head Magruder ( ) and Commander George Magruder o f the Confederate Army were said to be “direct ” s s ri R M or de cendants of the illu t ous ob Roy cGreg . Alexander Mac C E Of kenzie (b . hief of ngineers , was Scots parentage . David

McM u ri r rt e Gregg ( b . se ved with distinction in battles Of the s - n Wildernes , and was afterwards Auditor General of Pe nsylvania . M cNe il 1 81 3 - John ( Brigadier General , was born in Halifax ,

. n a he Nova Scotia , of Scots parentage Ge eral J mes Birdseye M acp r 1 828 Of toOk son ( Ulster Scot descent, a most prominent part in 64 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

t : n many battles . General Gran said at his death The cou try has lost i m e . one of its best soldiers , and I have lost my best fri nd Will a 1 834 - Con Macrae ( of Scottish descent , Brigadier General in the federate A rmy was afterwards General Superintendent Of the Wil m in n s 1 24 gto and Manchester Railroad . William Addi on Phillips ( 8

soldier, statesman, and author, born in Paisley , refused to leave his comm and to accept the nomination for Governor o f his state “ ” s Of L a w ( Kan as) . He was author Labor , Land , and John t 1 81 4 f - Rober son ( born in Banf shire , was Adjutant General O f “ 1 7 was f f M ichigan from 1 861 to 88 . He author O The Flags O Michi ” “ ”

. 1 832 gan , M ichigan in the War, etc James Alexander Walker ( o f descendant John Walker who came from Wigtown ( c . w as also Membe r Of Congress ( 1 895 -99 ) and Lieutenant Gov e rnor of Virginia

66 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

t l a native o f Whithorn , Wig ownshire, who sett ed here before the “ ” r Revolution , was called Fathe of the White Squadron from his 1 835 having the warships painted white . Francis Munroe Ramsay ( Rear Admiral and Chief of the Bureau Of Navigation Member o f the Court -of Inquiry which investigated the conduct of

Rear Admiral Schley during the war with Spain, was a grandson o f

1 750. Patrick Ramsay who came from Scotland , c . Frederick Val lete M cN air ( 1 839 Superintendent of the Naval Academy at M cN air Annapolis , was descended from Samuel Rear Admiral George Wallace Melville ( 1 84 1 who saw considerable service in the Civil . War and later achieved world wide fam e as an t A d Arc ic explorer , was the grandson Of a Scot from Stirling ; and miral John Donaldson Ford ( 1 840 who fought in the Civil War and took a prominent part in the capture of Manila and des t ru c f C - tion o the batteries at avite during the Spanish American War, was o f Scottish parentage . SCOTS AS SCIE NTISTS

7 t Alexander Wilson ( 1 66 born in Paisley, the ﬁrs naturalist to study American birds in their native haunts , and author of “ American Ornithology ( 1 803 was also distingui s hed as a poet . David Hosack ( 1 769 one of the most distinguished surgeons

f his N e w His tori and scientists o day , fourth President of the York

s on o f v . cal Society , was a nati e of Morayshire Samuel Guthrie 1 782 i was e of i ( physician and chem st , desc ndant John Guthr e , 1 w as one who in who came to America in 1 66 . He of the pioneers

' r ina ion e t odu ce d vacc t , produced the ﬁrst successful percussion powd r “ ” ( after many experiments) , invented the punch lock which super s e ded — 1 83 1 a the ﬂint lock musket , and , in , discovered the an esthetic 1 735 a s i chloro form . Hugh Williamson ( st te man and scient st , E born in Pennsylvani a and educated in dinburgh . He studied theology and was licensed but never preached , was Professor of Mathematics in the College Of Philadelphia ( 1 760 studied medicine in E din

s burgh and Utrecht , practised succe sfully , served as surgeon in the C Con Revolutiona ry War , delegate to the onvention that framed the s titution o f the United States and was afterwards Member o f M L 1 77 1 C . c e an be the ﬁrst ongress John ( born in Glasgow , came Profes s or o f Chemistry in Princeton ( 1 775 ) and later Professor and C of Natural Philosophy hemistry in William and Mary College , s s on m f William burg , Virginia . His , John , beca e President O Prince

d. ton . Dr . William Watson ( a Scot, was physician and C one of friend of hancellor Livingston , and the early promoters of ’ s cientiﬁc agriculture in America . He was founder of the Farm ers C C C lub o f Dutchess and olumbia ounties , the pioneer of Agricultural e 1 7 Societies in New York . Jam s Renwick ( 90 born in Liver

O f s pool Scottish parents , was Professor O f Physic in Columbia Uni

versity , author o f several scientiﬁc works , and one of the Commis s ione rs who laid ou t the early boundary line of the Province of N e w f ’ B runswick . His mother was the Jeannie Jaf ray of several o f B urns s

a the O poem James Renwick , architect, was his son . ther gi fted

s s E B re voor on were dward Sabine Renwick and Henry t Renwick . “ ” e n 1 797 S Jos ph He ry ( the Nestor of American cience, and organizer of the American Academy o f Sciences otherwise the Smith s onian s In titution in Washington , was o f Scottish origin . His pa 68 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

ternal and maternal grandparents emigrated from Scotland together and are said to have landed the day b efore the Batt le o f Bunker M A i Hill . The c ll s te rs Of Philadelphia ( father and s on) were famous

as makers Of optical and mathematical instruments , and the son was m i the ﬁrst to study and ﬁt astig at c lenses , and was also the introducer Of the system of numbering buildings according to the numbe rs Of the s n streets , as igning one hundred umbers to ea ch block . Spencer Ful le rton Baird ( 1 823 Naturalist and Secretary Of the Smithsonian

t s i Institu ion , was also Of Scotti h origin . H is works , including sc entiﬁc m one i t s papers , nu ber over thousand titles . Carl le Pollock Pa ter on - 1 81 1 . ( 6 8 ) did much to develop the United States Coast Survey . Wil ni liam Paterson Turnbull or thologist , author Of the Birds

E Of ac Of ast Pennsylvania and New Jersey , a model patient and n E E u curate research , was bor at Fala , near dinburgh. dward D ncan and E Montgomery , biologist philosopher , was born in dinburgh in

1 s M acD nal 1 8 5 i s 835 . o d 3 Mar hall ( ichthyolog st , pisciculturi t , i o f Of and inventor , eng neer in charge the siege Vicksburg during the C ivil War , and inventor Of automatic hatching j ars , was the grand s on Of s i 1 a Scotti h immigrant . Peter Sm th Michie ( 839 soldier s o and scienti t , b rn in Brechin, Forfarshire , graduated from West Point 1 863 E i e m in , served as ng ne r in the Federal Ar y, and was afterwards

Professor Of Natural and E xperimental Philosophy at West Point .

a William Healey Dall ( b . pal eontologist to the United States i “ ” Geolog cal Survey , author of Alaska and Its Resources , and author

o f c on s Of hundreds arti les Natural Hi tory subj ects , was a grandson orfar hire o 1 7 Of William Dall of F s . Thomas Harrison Montg mery ( 8 3 e c s s sp iali t in zoology and embryology, was of Scotti h origin .

‘ o E s R bert Gibson ccles , phy ician and chemist , born in Kilmaurs , Ayr in 1 848 shire, , discovered that benzoic acid and the benzoates are C o f excellent pre s ervatives Of food . He has been hemist the Depart ff C r t he N e w ment Of Indian A airs , Professor of hemist y in York a School Of Social E conomics , President Of the New York Pharm on ce utical Association , etc . , and has w ritten largely philosophy and

. science . Stephen Alfred Forbes (b naturalist , educator, and

is . writer on entomology and zoology , O f Scottish origin Thomas

' Craig ( 1 853 M athernatician and E ditor O f the American “

i . C Journal Of Mathemat cs, was Of Scottish parentage Alexander rom E 1 851 of bie Humphreys , born in dinburgh in , became President 1 02 9 . Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, in Anstruther David

1 860 s o f s on, born in Caithness in , A sociate Professor Dermatology in C s u as the University of Southern alifornia , is also di ting ished a botan

ist and entomologist . 1 763 t e William Maclure ( the Fa her o f American G ology, ’ S COTLAND S MARK ON AME RI CA .9

A r u , was born in y, Scotland , and after acquiring a fort ne in London t he came in 1 796 to the United States . Having s udied geology in E urope he was attracted by the imposing scale Of the geological strue

ture of his adopted country , and in the course o f some years made

many j ourneys across the eastern states . He recorded his geological on 1 809 observations a map , and in communicated his researches to 1 81 7 the America n Philosophical Society . In , having extended his knowledge during the intervening eight yea rs he presented his map

to the Society , and it was then published . This was the first geological as out survey of the United States , and it w carried unsustained by ’ or M aclure s government aid patronage . It was also chiefly through aid that the new Academy of Sciences in Philadelphia was built and 1 77 i endowed . Dr . Archibald Bruce ( 7 the first sc entific miner

alo is t A m erican M ineral o ic M a a g in America , and founder o f the g al g zine f D r o . was born in New York city , son William Bruce , o f m i head the medical depart ent Of the Brit sh Armies . Henry Dar 1 808 win Rogers ( born in Philadelphia of Ulster Scot parentage , Professor o f Geology and Mineralogy in the University of Pe nns yl o f vania , State Geologist Pennsylvania , published important works on n the geology o f Pen sylvania and New Jersey . He removed to E din burgh in 1 855 and three years later be came Professor of Natural His o f His . t ,tory in the University Glasgow elder bro her, William Barton

1 804 s s Rogers ( was al o a distinguished phy icist and geologist . O 1 807 David Dale wen ( born in Lanarkshire , was brought to

' b his 1 23 1 the United States y father in 8 . In 848 he took charge of i the Geological Survey of Wiscons n and Iowa , and that Of Minnesota 1 852 . O 1 1 in His brother, Richard wen ( 8 0 also bo rn in L anark s a hire , had distinguished career in this country as a geologist . J . Peter Lesley ( 1 81 9 also Of Scotti s h descent, wa s anoth er dis tin u is h d wh g e geologist o by his researches and surveys in Pe nns yl

, n of h vania vastly aided in the economic developme t t at state . Persi

' for Frazer ( 1 844 son Of John Fries Frazer and great-grandson

' O f - C Pe rs ifor m Lieutenant olonel Frazer o f Revolutionary ti es, was r Of 5 author of the Geological Su vey Pennsylvania ( vols . ) William M cGe e 1 853 John ( geologist and anthropologist , claimed de or M ac r or scent fr n the G eg s . He was Geologi s t of the United States 1 883 1 893 E Geological Survey from to , thnologist in Charge of the E 1 893 1 903 Bureau o f thnology from to , and in 1 907 was appointed C a Member of the Inland Waterways ommission . Washington Car

u 1 827 ' r thers Kerr ( educator and scientist of Ulster S cot pare nt e C age, was State G ologist of North arolina ( 1 866 and published on many papers and reports his subj ect . John Muir ( 1 838 i e , , , r geolog st xplorer naturalist and autho , was born in Dunbar . NO s rnce o re a u nacr t h wrt n t urcxe r n ever Keener sympa y na ure, a q vision for her mysteries , or a surer speec h for their interpreta ” tion . The establishment Of the Yosemite and Sequoia Nati onal Parks th e and great Sierra Forest Reservation are due to his writings . The 1 879 l famous Muir Glacier in Alaska , discovered by him in , wi l for ‘ ever blazon his name . Other distingu ished geologists who may be brieﬂy mentioned are : Samuel Calvin ( 1 840 Professor ‘ of o f a Geology in the University Iow , born in Wigtownshire ; John

. i a James Stevenson (b educator and geologist , o f Scott sh p ren E Hinckl tage ; rwin y Barbour ( b . professor of Ge ology in of the University Nebraska ; and William Berryman Scott (b . the distinguished geologist and palaeontologist Of Princeton Uni versity . 1 81 0 Asa Gray ( the greatest of American botanists, was a o f f 1 71 8 descendant Of one the Ulster Scot settlers o . Dr . Alexander ’ 1 728-92 was Garden ( ) famous as a physician and botanist , Pro fessor of Botany in King 5 College (now Columbia University) . His son was

f s a distinguished Revolutionary o ﬁcer . Thomas Hu ton Macbride i f (b . President E mer tus O the State University of Iowa , who

of . has written much value on botany , is Of Scottish ancestry Beverly

Thomas Galloway (b . descended from John Galloway, an emi 1 680 C o f grant from Scotland in , hief the Division of Plant Industry o f r s c o f the United States Department Ag iculture , As istant Se retary f 1 9 1 3 - 1 4 s t O Agriculture in , is the author of everal works on plan O f d iseases . David Trembly Macdougal (b . Director the Botani c al Research Department Of the Carnegie Institution of Washington

1 905 . Since , is the grandson Of a Scottish immigrant His studies relate especial ly to plant physiology , heredity , and organic evolution . 1 806 of o f Stephen Alexander ( son a native Scotland , wrote o f e o f much on astronomy, and was chief the exp dition to the coast ‘ 1 869 . Labrador to Observe the solar eclipse in August , James Fer n f guson ( 1 797 an E ngi neer employed o the construction o was the E rie Canal , was born in Perthshire . He later Assistant

s and Astronomer at the United State Naval Observatory , discovered

for e three asteroids , which he r ceived medals from the French

e O M cK ni ht 1 81 0 Academy of Scienc s . , rmsby g Mitchel ( who was Director of the Cincinnati Observatory ( 1 84 5 ) and later Of the Dudley Observatory inventor of the chronograph and other the C astronomical apparatus , and became a General in ivil War , 1 81 8 was probably also o f Scottish origin . Maria Mitchell ( 1 79 1 s be daughter Of William Mitchell ( al o an astronomer ,

. f C . o C came Professor of Astronomy in Vassar ollege , LL D olumbia University and was the ﬁrst woman elected to the American S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 71

1 81 6 Academy Of Science s . Lewis Morris Rutherfurd ( one of on a C oh the most distinguished astronomers the Americ n ontinent , rained impo rtant results in astronomical photography, and by means s 1 870 of a ruling engine , de igned by him in , constructed the ﬁnest

- t o was diffraction gratings which had , up that time, been made, o f

s e 1 82 5 E of Scottish ance try . G orge Davidson ( born in ngland

g e ode tis t s one Of o f Scottish parenta e, g and a tronomer, the founders

' o f o f the Geographical Society the Pacific , Regent O f the University ’ s l s o f California , was retired after fifty year active fie d ervice incal

s f 1 837 culable value to the cau e o science . William Harkness (

E c f o f born in c lefechan , Dum friesshire , was executive O ﬁcer the Transit o f Venu s Commission The task of reducing the Obs e r vations and the hundreds of photograph s was successfully undertaken by him although declared impo ssible by eminent British and German

D i Of astronomers . He was later A stronomical rector the Naval

O 1 8 a bs ervatory and in 97 m de head Of the Nautical Almanac . Will iamina n 1 857 o ( Mina ) Paton Flemi g ( b rn in Dundee , dis covered many new star s and wrote much of permanent value on her

C . o f s s subject . William Wallace ampbell ( b Scotti h ance try ,

D Of O r s 1 901 has has been irector Lick bse vatory ince , and written

much onastronomy . The most intere s ting Scot in connection with horticulture in the United States is Grant Thorburn ( 1 773 who was born in Dal o keith and left his native country for p litical reasons in 1 794 . A fter trying a number o f Occupations he ﬁna lly e s tabli s hed himself as a seed

N e w s s merchant in York , and the bu ine s is still carried on under his “ ” d - name . Under the pe n name of Lawrie To d he contributed to the K nicke rbocker M a azine g and other New York periodicals , and sup

plied John Galt , the novelist, with much of the information incor “ ” o rate d L o r s p in his awrie Todd ; , Settler in the New World . Thor “ ’ ubis he d two o f burn also p volumes reminiscences , Forty Years “ ’ m a Residence in A eric , and Fifty Years Reminiscences o f New ”

. 1 81 5 York William Adair , born near Glasgow in , d e veloped a s proﬁtable busine s as gardener and horticulturist in Michigan , and r 1 86 1 1 86 5 1 - 869 70. se ved as State Senator from to , Peter Henderson 1 822 E ( born at Pathhead near dinburgh, founded the ﬁrm

Co . n of Peter Henderson and , horticulturists and seedsmen, o e of the

- largest ﬁrms of its kind in existence . William Saunders ( 1 822 1 900)

. out born in St Andrews , planted and laid several large estates, beauti ﬁed Fairmount and Hunting Parks in Philadelphia and the park and

s C. garden ystem of Washington , D . , the Nati onal Cemetery at

, . M o Gettysburg etc William acmillan , b rn in Nairnshire , laid out the a ff public p rks of Bu alo , and William R . Smith , a native of Hadding 72 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA t ons hire o f t s , was for many years Superintendent the Bo anic Garden

1 5 E w s . s 80 a at Washington Robert Bui t ( born in dinburgh , n also o e of the greatest horticulturists in the United States .

74 S COTLAN D’S MARK ON AME RICA

Brown M c Caw ( 1 772 one of the leading surgeons in Virginia

for E d . over thirty years , studied medicine in inburgh He was one o f a the ﬁrst , i f not the ﬁrst, to tie the external c rotid artery , an opera 1 807 d t b n tion he performed in . He came of a race of oc ors, ei g

— o f M cCaw the great grandson James , a surgeon who emigrated from 1 7 6-1 847 i Wigt ownshire in 1 77 1 . George Mcclellan ( 9 ) the em nent surgeon and founder of the Jefferson Medical College at Philade l

M Cle llan c s . c phia , was of S ottish de cent His son , John Hill Brinton ( 1 823 was professor o f anatomy in Penns ylvania Medical Col Mc Cle llan 1 84 9 lege , and his grandson was George ( the em m ine nt Philadelphia anato ist . Dr . Peter Middleton (d . a on native of Scotland , made the ﬁrst dissection record in this country before a class of s tudents and in 1 767 es tabli s hed a Medical School in ’ New York which was s ubs equently merged in the King s ( now Co C 1 754 lumbia ) College . Dr . William urrie ( served in the r on medical se vice during the Revolutionary War , and was reputed e f l s o the most gifted men of his time as physician and c a sical scholar . Horatio Gates Jameson ( 1 778 distingui s hed physician and sur d C geon , was son of Dr . David Jameson who had emigrate to harleston

1 740 . s in in company with Dr (afterward General) Hugh Mercer .

e s 1 79 1 a Granvill Sharp Patti on ( anatomist , born ne r Glasgow, held several professional appointments in this count ry and founded . o f e t C of the Medical De partment the Univ rsi y of the ity New York . 1 793 o o Dr . John Kearsley Mitchell ( p et , b tanist, and eminent f s n o f h o o . w o physician Philadelphia , was Dr Alexander Mitchell

1 . 786 . came from Scotland in His son , Dr Silas Weir Mitchell , born

' 1 829 for toxicolo th r in , was distinguished his researches in gy, e ne vous ne f f i . o o u o system , etc , and as the most disting ished Amer can authors . O of o f C - ne the founders the ity Hospital , Albany , and Surgeon Ge n f o . Mc N au ht on 1 eral New York State , was Dr James g ( 796 R 1 m b . M c ue r 802 born at Ken ore , A erfeldy . Dr Daniel ( born in “ ‘ ’ ” Knapdale , Argyllshire, a typical Scotchman with a burr in his talk ,

C . performed great service in the ivil War as an army Surgeon Dr . John Watson ( 1 807 organizer of one o f the ﬁrs t dispens aries for the treatm ent o f skin di s eases and introducer of reforms in the

N w s l e . York Ho pital , was an U ster Scot John Murray Ca rnochan 1 81 7 one s u o f ( of the most di ting ished surgeons his day , was of m . C Scottish parentage Ferdinand a pbell Stuart (b . inventor of various instruments used in genito - u rinary diseas es and one o f the founders of the New York Academy of Medicine, was grandson of

. C . D r Rev Archibald ampbell of Argyllshire . David Hayes Agnew “ - 2 ( 1 81 8 9 ) was of Scottish descent . In his work he attained a degree e a of eminence which has rarely , i f ever, b en equ led , and to which our S COTLAND 'S MAR K ON AME RI CA 5

l own times and generation furnish no parallel . Wi liam Thomas

s of a o f Green Morton ( 1 81 9 the di coverer an esthesia , was also 1 826 o f Scottish origin . Dr . Robert Alexander Kinloch ( Scottish parentage, was the first American surgeon to resect the knee j oint i of for chron c cases, also the first to treat fractures the lower j aw and other bones by wiring the fragments , and was also the first in any country to perform a laparotomy for guns hot wounds in the abdomen l 827~ s . without protrusion of the vi cera Dr . Ge orge Troup Maxwell ( R 1 82 1 was inventor of the laryngoscope . James idley Taylor (

who entered the medical profession after middle life, at the

s e a nd end of a long career pas ed as a m ch nical engineer, a achieved

s s s . succe s and fame in his profe ion , was born in Ayr, Scotland He i proba bly inherited his mechanical sk ll from his uncle, John Taylor o f s h S m in Dalswinton , who con tructed the steam engine along wit y g

r M cL ean 1 829 o f ton. James Hen y ( physician and Member

' 1 8 4 . m C 3 C . ongress , was born in Scotland Dr Ja es raig (

s o f ob tetrician, born in Glasgow , graduated at the University the

C o f N e w e d a th e s s ity York, attend d over four thousan c ses without lo o f t o f S a mother , was inven or everal surgical appliances , and was the ﬁrst to demonstrate hydriodic acid as a cu rative in acute inﬂammatory

s s s 1 7 rheumati m . Profes or Alexander John on Chalmers Skene ( 83 o f s B rooklyn , born in Fyvie , Aberdeen hire , was pe rhaps the

s s A was o f mo t famou Gynecologist in merica . He author many

M B rn s C c u e . treatises on his special ubj ect . Prof . harles y (b the famous surgeon , was of Scottish ancestry . Neil Jamieson Hep b O 1 846 o burn , orn in rkney in , oculist and aurist , held many p si C tions of responsibility . harles Smith Turnbull (b . oculist and

s s o f a . eminent speciali t in disease of the ear , was Scottish parent ge A lexander Hugh Fergu s on ( 1 853 the famous Chicago surgeon o f a f t f Scottish p rentage , was decorated by the King o Por ugal or his

s skill in urgery . Other prominent doctors and s u rge ons o f S cottish _ origin whom we have only space to name are : John Barclay Crawford 1 828—94 m 1 823 1 ( ) William S ith Forbes ( grandson o f Dr . E David Forbes of dinburgh ; John Minson Galt ( d . and 1 7 his son Alexander D . Galt ( 7 7 Robert Ram s ey Livingston ’ ( 1 827 the most prominent o f Nebraska s early physicians ; and James Macdonald ( 1 803 res ident physician o f Bloomingdale

Asylum . SCOTS IN E D UCATION

The Scots have largely contributed to raise the standard o f educa

s tion and culture in the United States . They furni hed most of the

' p rincipal s choolm as t e rs in the Revolutionary Colonies south o f N e w

o f . York , and many the Revolutionary leaders were trained by them While Harvard still continued under the charge o f a president and “ ” u a M C t tors and had but one professor , Willi m and ary ollege had

o f had for many years a full faculty of professors , graduates the

E s The L o Scottish and ngli h universities . Scots established the g ” C N as hamin n f C Col ollege at y, Pennsylva ia, Je ferson ollege, Mercer D lege, Wabash College , and ickinson College ; and in many places, before the cabins disappeared from th e roadside and the stumps from “ ” w L as as . o C w the ﬁelds, a college founded The g ollege the seed for from which Princeton College sprang . The University North C e 1 793 arolina , found d and nurtured by Scots in , and the University o f Pennsylvania and Princeton University are indebted to the same f r source o their present position . William Gordon and Thomas Gor

s don, who founded a free school in the county of Middle ex , Virginia , in of the latter half the seventeenth century , were Scots ; and Hugh -at- Campbell , another Scot , an Attorney law in Norfolk county , Vir

1 69 1 o f ginia , in , deeded two hundred acres of land in each the coun

o f t for s . ties Norfolk , Isle of Wigh , and Nansemond , free chools

r C s C n s 1 734 James Innes , who came to Ame ica from ani bay , aith e s , in ,

his by his will gave plantation, a considerable personal estate , his “ one o f for library , and hundred pounds for the use a free school the ” o f C s beneﬁt of the youth North arolina , the ﬁrst private beque t for

s o f s b o f e education in the tate . One the ﬁr t pu lic acts Gabri l John of C r 1 734 ston , Provincial Governor North a olina ( was to insist upon the need of making adeq uate provision for a thorough school

t of s c system in the colony . Ou of the host name whi h present them selves in this field o f public service we have room only for the fol lowing 1 656 E James Blair ( born in dinburgh , was the chief founder o f C and first President William and Mary ollege, and Mungo Inglis 1 7 1 2 1 70 was the first Grammar Master there till . Francis Alison ( 5

s w a s - s o f an Ul ter Scot educated in Glasgow , Vice Provo t the n ow . College of Philadelphia , the University of Pennsylvania David

76 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AMER I CA 7

R hind f , tutor o John Rutledge, an excellent classical scholar , and one ” f C o f the most successful of the early instructors o youth in arolina ,

o f m f . was of Scottish birth . The tutor Tho as Je ferson was also a Scot

1 1 of . . . Samuel Finley ( 7 5 born in Armagh Scots ancestry , S T D f 1 763 o f C e o f Ne w o Glasgow University , , was President the oll ge one o f o f in Jersey , and the ancestors Samuel Finley Breese Morse, ve ntor of the Morse sys tem of telegraphy . In educational work in the

‘ eighteenth century no name s tands higher than that of William Smith

1 727 e of C ( born in Ab rdeen, ﬁrst Provost the ollege of Phila o f delphia . He was the introducer of the system class records now

s 1 742 o used in all American universitie . Isabella Graham ( b rn as one the s Ne w in Lanarkshire , ranked of most uccessful teachers in 1 744 York at the end of the eighteenth century . James Dunlap ( o f f C Scottish descent , was President of Jef erson ollege, Penn m 1 74 5 sylvania . Willia Graham ( was ﬁrst President of Wash n ington College (now Washington a d Lee University ) . Robert Pat 1 74 3 - s terson ( a Scot of Ulster , was Vice Provo t of the Uni versity of Pennsylvania ( 1 81 0 and Director of the United States

1 805 s on . s uc Mint in Philadelphia ( His , Robert M Patterson , ‘ e — 1 746 ce de d him as Vice Provost in 1 828 . Peter Wilson ( born Ordi uhill s e o - o at q , Aberdeenshire , publi h d several imp rtant text b oks m e o f N e w on Latin and Greek , was Me b r the Jersey Legislature in

1 777 1 783 od the o f , and in was appointed to revise and c ify laws the

1 75 s state of New York . Thomas Craighead ( 0 ﬁrst Pre ident o f Davidson Academy ( 1 785 afterwards the Univers ity of s w s - s C wh a . e o Na hville, great grand on o f Rev Rob rt raighead went

' D n hm r s M cK e n 1 7 7 f rom Scotland to o og o e in Ireland . Jo eph e ( 5 1 807 of C o f S ﬁrst President Bowdoin ollege , was Ulster cot origin

m 1 76 Auchlos s an John Ke p ( 3 born at , Aberdeenshire , “ e s had b came Profe sor of Mathematics in Columbia University . He an important inﬂuence in moulding the views of De Witt Clinton on f ” topics o internal improvement and national policy . John Brown ( 1 763 Professo r of Logic and Moral Ph ilos ophy in the Uni t o f C w as versi y South arolina , a fterwards third President of the Uni

- versity of Georgi a . Joseph Caldwell ( 1 773 1 835 ) was Founder and o f s C President the Univer ity of North arolina . Jesse Mercer ( 1 769

of s Founder Mercer University , was the grandson of a Scotti h l emigrant to Virginia . Robert Fin ey ( 1 772 Tru s tee of the College of New Jersey ( 1 807- 1 7 ) and fourth President of the Uni

e s . versity of G orgia , was of Scotti h parentage John Mitchell Mason

! ( 1 770 fourth President of Dickinson College and for several a o f r years Foreign Secret ry the Ame ican Bible Society, was the son r of Dr . John Mason , bo n in Linlithgow . Both were ministers o f the 78 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

al 1 772 Associate Church in New York . Archib d Alexander ( u o f d - C i 1 796 fo rth President Hamp en Sidney ollege, Virg nia ( and Profes sor in Princeton Theologi cal Seminary ( 1 81 2 was of a 1 804 Scottish parentage . J mes Waddell Alexander ( Professor o f Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres at Princeton ( 1 833-44 ) and of E ccle s i as tical History and Church Government in Princeton Theological 1 844 - 5 1 A 1 809 Seminary ( ) was his son . Joseph Addison lexander (

Or s o f ientali t and Biblical critic , was another son Archibald r 1 770 Alexande . Moses Waddell ( born in Iredell county , C s n of North arolina , of Scottish parentage, ﬁ fth Pre ide t the Uni

one o f . versity of Georgia , was the foremost teachers of his day Samuel Brown Wylie ( 1 773 Vice- Provost of the University

' o f Pennsylvania ( 1 834 was born in Antrim of Scottish parents

s M cK e an 1 776 and educated in Glasgow . Jo eph ( Boyleston Profes sor of Rhetoric in Harvard University ( 1 809 - 1 8) was o f Scot C 1 798 tish parentage . harles Macalister ( born in Philadelphia

of c s S otti h parentage, intimate friend of ﬁve Presidents , Government o f Of C0 1 Director the United States Bank , was founder Macalister

s 1 794 o f lege , Minneapolis . John Demp ter ( President the

s t . C Illinois Wesleyan Univer ity, was of Scot ish parentage Daniel urry ( 1 809 - 87 ) was President o f De Pauw University ( 1 855 Andrew o c 1 81 0 b of Harvie , b rn in S otland before , ecame Principal the Te cum s e h branch o f the State Univers ity o f Michigan ( 1 839 Master “ of Chancery State Senator ( 1 850 Described as a man f ” c 1 81 1 o ability and thorough culture . Nathaniel Ma on Crawford ( fourth Pres ident of Mercer University and afterwards President

C . C of Georgetown ollege, Kentucky , was a son of William H rawford

t ors th 1 81 1 the s atesman . John F y ( clergyman , author, and Pro

fe s s or R ut e rs Colle e of Latin in g g , was of Scottish parentage , and h received his education in E dinburgh and Glasgow . James M cCos

1 81 1 Cars ke och ( born at , Ayrshire, was President of Princeton

1 868 1 888 o f University from to , and was the author many works on

1 81 2 - o f U ni philosophy . John Fries Frazer ( Vice Provost the 1 85 s t i versity of Pennsylvania ( 8 was of Scottish ance ry . Lou s “ Agassiz described him as the ﬁrst of Am e rica n phys icis ts of his _ ” a 1 81 2 o f time . J mes Sidney Rollins ( Ulster Scot origin, for his efforts on behalf o f education in his state was declared by the Curators o f the University of Missouri t o have won the honorable “ ” s d 1 81 4 title of Pater Universitatis Missouriensi . Daniel Kirkwoo ( and mathematician educator , grandson of Robert Kirkwood who m l 1 73 1 n came fro Scot and c . , was Professor of Mathematics at India a “ 1 8 6 Chas s e l of University ( 5 David , Scotch descent and Scotch ” ’ c i chara ter stics , was tutor to Professor James Hadley , America s S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 79

M cI lvaine 1 81 5 greatest Gree k scholar . Joshua Hall ( a dis e a ive i i was s of E n C , tinguis he d comp rta ph lolog st, Pre ident vely oll ge “ o x n 1 81 9 the o Princet n . Ale a der Melville Bell ( Nest r of elo ” cu tiona o f o io ry science, inventor the meth d of phonetic notat n of “ in 1 822 E . visible speech, was born in dinburgh Alexander Mart (

sixth President of De Pauw University, was born in Nairn, C o . 1 823 Sc tland . John Fraser ( c second hancellor of the Uni

was C . versity of Arkansas, born in romarty, Scotland Malcolm Mac e h 1 829 was a , Vicar, born in Argylls ire in , f mous as an educator writ r - l i of text books , and inventor of many devices to il ustrate pr nciples in n 1 798 arithm etic, astronomy and geography . Joh Maclean ( tenth President of Princeton University, was of Scottish parentage . o f Uni Matthew Henry Buckham (b . eleventh President the

E a . s versity of Vermont, was born in ngland of Scottish parent ge Jame s l Kennedy Patterson ( b . ﬁrst Pre ident of the Agricu tural and l Mecha nical College of Ke ntucky ( 1 880 was born in G asgow . Davi d French Boyd ( 1 834 second President of Louisiana State

University, and his brother , Thomas Duckett Boyd , also a University n e Preside t, were descend d from John Boyd of Ayrshire, who emi

b . grated to Maryland in 1 633 . William Henry Scott ( third President of Ohio State University and Professor of Philosophy

s . there , was of Scottish ance try Neil Gilmour , born in Paisley , Scot 1 840 was r N ew land , in , Superintendent of Public Inst uction of York M acAlis te r 1 840 was State ; and James ( born in Glasgow , the e i ﬁrst Superintend nt of Schools in Philadelph a , where he introduced

the co- many reforms, notably in Kindergarten and in ordination of 1 89 1 the n teaching . In he became President of Drexel I stitute and o f on i was also author several works education . Thomas Dav dson 1 840 e ( philosoph r , educator, and author, was born at Deer, h M cL are n McB rid Aberdeenshire . Jo n i e ( b . of Scottish o f C parentage, was President the University of South arolina . Gus

v . 1 848 m ta us Richard Glenn (b ) descended fro Nicholas Glenn , an

-m v emigrant fro Scotland , ﬁlled se eral important educational positions n i i u l and was afterwards Preside t of North Georg a Agr cult ral Co lege .

George E dwi n Maclean ( b . a distinguished E nglish and Anglo was Cha i of Saxon scholar, ﬁfth ncellor of the Un versity Nebraska . 1 850 William Milligan Sloan (b . ) author, educator, and Professor o f C i 1 5 History in olumbia Un versity, descended from William Sloane, t a native of Ayr, who se tled here in the beginning of the nineteenth

C o . . century James amer n Mackenzie (b born in Aberdeen , is founder of the Mackenzie School for Boys at Dobbs Ferry ( 1 901 ) d and a frequent contributor to e ucational publications . James Hervey

Hyslop (b . philosopher, psychologist , and educator, was grand 80 S COTLAND ’S MAR K ON AME RI CA

e son o f George Hyslop of Roxburghshire . He devot d many years to

c l . b i s psychi a research J ames Ge ddes ( . philolog t and Professor n o of Romance La guages in Bost n University, is of Scottish parentage . Andrew Armstrong Kincannon ( 1 859 Chancellor of the U ni Mis s is i i i versity of pp , was descendant of James K ncannon who came 1 2 7 0. o C . from Scotland c . E dwin Bo ne raighead (b Professor of C Greek at Wofford ollege, South Carolina , and afterwards third of c t President Tulane University, is of S ot ish descent . John Huston o f C o f f Finley (b . President the ollege the City o N e w York C E i and New York State ommissioner of ducat on, is a descendant of a m e brother of Sa uel Finley, Pr sident of Princeton College . Andrew u M cL au hlin 1 86 1 C nningham g , born in , Professor of American His n t tory in the U iversi y of M ichigan , is the son of a Peebles lawyer . D a m t uncan Black M cdonald , Professor of Se itic Languages at Har o 1 ford Theological Seminary , was b rn in Glasgow in 863 . Richard

Cockburn Maclaurin ( 1 870 seventh President o f Massachusetts .

i a k Inst tute of Technology, was born in Linde n, Sel irkshire . Ge orge

Hutcheson Denny (b . Professor o f Latin in Washington and i and u Lee Un versity, later President of the same instit tion , and James

M cA llis t r t o f - Gray e ( b . six eenth President Hampden Sidney

C . ollege, are both of Scottish descent William Allan Neilson , born n r in Doune , Perthshire, was Professor of E glish in Ha vard Uni

1 n w C N ortham versity ( 906 and is o President of Smith ollege, p k , t . o n , ton Massachuse ts _ William D uglas Mac e zie President of Hart a z ford Theological Seminary Foundation , is son o f John Macken ie sm of Knockando , Morayshire, and was born in Faure ith , South Africa , in 1 859 . 1 A s librarians may legitimately be included under the head of edu l : cators , the following individua s may be mentioned John Forbes r o f ( 1 771 born in Scotland , was Libra ian the New York h n 1 807 Society Library . His son , P ilip Jo es Forbes ( was Libra 1 828 1 855 rian of the same institution from to , and his son , John bo rn

a r . in 1 846 , afterwards bec me Librarian the e Morris Robeson Ham i d ilton (b . State Librar an of New Jersey, was escendant of N ew John Hamilton , acting Governor of Jersey ( d . John Coch rane Wilson ( 1 828 Librarian of the Law Library of the C E quitable Life Assu rance Company . Miss atherine Wolf Bruce established a Free Circulating Library in Forty-s econd Street in e 1 888 memory o f her father, George B ruce the typ founder, in . It is now a branch of the New York Public Library .

82 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

o f Scottish parents , was author The Forum ; or Forty Years o f i 1 799 Practice at the Philadelph a Bar . James Lawson ( news

n . paper editor and dramatist , was born in Glasgow and died in Yo kers “ n Um hraville of k A gus p Missouri , the un nown author of Missourian ” Lays ( St . Louis , was most probably a Scot . His verses “ ! M cI ntos h 1 803 are described as simply wonderful . Maria J . ( h e M cI ntos e s e . authoress, was d scended from the of G orgia George 805-62 f Washington Bethune ( 1 ) o New York , a graceful poet and

o c u i . el quent orator, was the son of Divi Beth ne , a nat ve of Dingwall Robert Shelton Mackenzie ( 1 808 born in D ublin of Scottish par “ ” e nta e oct e s Ambros ianae g , was editor of the standard edition o f N , and in 1 834 became the first regular salaried correspondent of an “ E R N e w . ev. American newspaper , the York vening Star Robert 1 Turnbull ( 809 born at Whitburn , Linlithgowshire , edited the “ ” Christia n Review for many years and was author of several works . Mofi at 1 81 1 s C James C. ( orientalist , poet , and Profes or o f lassics “ ” C o in Lafayette College , author of omparative History of Religi ns , 1 81 2 etc . , was born in Glencree, Wigtownshire . Robert Macfarlane ( “ ” E of e ditor the Scientific American , and author of two or thr e 1 1 a . 8 3 technical tre tises , was born in Rutherglen John Milton Mackie ( o of Scottish ancestry, was author of several imp rtant biographical 1 81 4 K E of works . William Scoular ( born in ilbarchan , ditor the Lowell Courier” ( 1 84 1 published the “ History of Massa ” chus etts in the Civil War ( 1 868 Arthur M acArthu r ( 1 81 5 Ju rist and Lieutenant Governor of Wiscons in ( 1 856 born “ was E in Glasgow , author of ducation in Relation to Manual Indus “ ” try ( 1 884 ) and Biography o f the E nglish Langu age Wil 1 “ ” 1 8 9 t . liam Ross Wallace ( au hor o f Perdita , etc , was described ” 1 by Bryant as a born poet . Donald Macleod ( 82 1 son o f the l f Rev . Alexander Macleod of Mu l, Professor o Rhetoric in Mount St . ’ C O was Mary s ollege, hio , author of historical and other works . His

! was r. brother , avier Donald Macleod , a poet and miscellaneous write 1 822 “ I k ” Donald Grant Mitchell ( Marvel , was of Scot tish l L e w 1 827 descent , and so was Genera Wallace ( author of ” 1 832 Ben Hur , etc . James Grant Wilson ( son o f the poet m s E publisher, Willia Wilson , of Poughkeep ie, was born in dinburgh , a e C and att ained the r nk of G neral in the ivil War . He was after o f wards author several important biographical and historical works . 1 833 William Swinton ( journalist, was correspondent of Ne w “ ” 1 862 t i York Times ( and au hor, was born in Haddingtonsh re . He “produced many educational works which were widely adopted i o in both pr vate and public sch ols throughout the country . Henry “ ” Ward Beecher called him the American Napier from the vividness S COTLAND ’S MAR K ON AME RI CA 83

i 1 836 o f his histor cal descriptions . David Gray ( editor of the “ C ff E . Bu alo Courier and poet , was born in dinburgh John lark 1 84 1 a de ce nde d Ridpath ( educ tor , historian , and author, was “ t re from the old Border family o f Redpath . He was the au hor of G at ” “ ” Races of Mankind History o f the World etc . o f Katherine Margaret Brownlee ( b . a descendant the Brown

o f . lees of Torwood , was author several volumes of poetry Leonard 1 84 3 s Allison Morrison (b . ) of New Hamp hire , was a descendant of John Morrison who went from Scotland to Londonderry and

N e w 1 723 . thence to Londonderry , Hampshire , in Always devoted i i h as to literary studies , as a histor cal and genealog cal writer he earned an enviable reputation . James Morrison Steele Mackaye 1 842 o f ( actor and dramatist , was grandson William Kay who .

1 800. . came from Scotland about His son , Percy Wallace Mackaye

1 87 t a . 5 . ( b . ) is a dis inguished dr matist and poet Wallace Bruce ( b

s poet and essayist, was de cended from George Bruce who came from Scotland in 1 635 . While United States Consul at E dinburgh ( 1 889 -93 ) he secured the erection of a statue o f Lincoln in the Cal ton - Burial Ground , to commemorate the services of Scottish American C e For soldiers in the ivil War . James Kenn dy , born at Aberlemno , fars hire 1 850 - , in , is a well known poet , author , and lecturer . John E 1 853 D . Ross , born in dinburgh in , is author of several literary

s work particularly relating to Scotland . Francis Marion Crawford 1 854 s on C ( the novelist , of Thomas rawford the sculptor , was

s . s s also of Scotti h descent Henry Mor e Stephens , the hi torian , was E 1 857 E E - o . b rn in dinburgh in rnest van Seton Thompson (b .

C . artist , author , and naturalist , and harles William Wallace (b o n o philol gist and Shakespearea scholar, are b th o f Scottish descent .

M cPhe rs on s John Hanson Thomas (b . hi torian and educator , “ ” author o f History of Libe ria ( 1 89 1 ) is a descendant of Robert M cPhe rs on who 1 7 came from Scotland m 38. Geo rge Barr Mc

Cutcheon (b . author o f many widely read works of ficti on “ ’ ” Brewster s Millions , etc . ) is a descendant of Jo hn M cCut cheon 1 7 who emigrated from Scotland in 30. Mary Johns “ ” “ ton ( b . author of Prisoners o f Hope To have and to hold etc 1 5 a descendant of Peter Johnston who emigrated 1 727 to Virginia in . SCOTS IN THE CHURCH AND S OCIAL WE LFARE

M ak mi 1 658 e i Francis e e ( c . the organizer o f the ﬁrst Am r t l 1 676 can Presby ery , was born in U ster of Scots parentage . In he went to Glasgow to attend the classes in the University there , and his “ name still stands in the matriculation register of the University : Fran ” is M ke mius - i e rn ie c cu s a H b us . M akem Scoto , i e . Francis , a 1 3 Scot of Ireland . In 68 he was ordained by the Presbytery of Lag o be gan and sent over to the American col nies, where he immediately z r gan the organi ation of churches and presbyteries . William T aill, n t a a other Scot , Moderator of the Presby ery of Lagg n , was sent over M akemi n shortly before e but he co ﬁned his work to preaching . George

1 683 o f or Gillespie ( born in Glasgow , was one the earliest dained ministers in Ne w Jersey and Delaware . Alexander Garden 1 5 E E ( 68 an piscopalian , born in dinburgh , settled in Charles ’ E ton, South Carolina , as Rector of St . Philip s piscopal Church . Sam uel Auchmuty ( 1 722 son of the eminent Scott ish lawyer o f Bos ton of C N e w , was Rector Trinity hurch , York city, and had charge of “ ”

. o all the churches there Thomas G rdon , the ﬁghting parson of ’ 1 67 1 71 2 Bacon s Rebellion ( 6 ) was a Scot . Henry Barclay ( of C Ne w Ne w Rector Trinity hurch , York, Trustee o f the York C Society Library , and a Governor of olumbia University , was the son

e E N e w . of John Barclay , a Scot , Surveyor G neral o f ast Jersey Rob 1 71 8 Con ert Sandeman ( born in Perth , and died in Danbury ,

' ne cticut was . , principal founder of the Sandemanians or Glassites “ o f John Mason , a native of Linlithgow , one the most accomplished s ” preachers and pa tors of his day, was appointed Minister of the N 1 C C e w 1 76 . Scotch Presbyterian hurch , York , in James aldwell 1 734 ( soldier parson o f the Revolution, was of Scots parentage or descent . Finding the Revolutionary soldiers short of wadding he i a d stributed the church hymn books mong them , with the exhortation , “ ”

m . s on E . C Now , boys , put Watts into the His , John aldwell , was one o f the founders o f the American Bible Society . Alexander Mc

horte r 1 734 W ( o f Scottish parentage , took an active part in f Revolutionary matters and was a Trustee o Princeton College. Mc

Whorte r e N e w . Stre t in Newark , Jersey , is named in his honor James “ ” 1 73 i a Waddell ( 9 famous in Virg nia as The Blind Pre cher, was probably a grands on or great-grandson o f William Waddell of one u Monkland parish , Scotland , of the pri soners capt red at Bothwell

84 S COTLAND S MAR K ON AME RI CA 85

1 7 c 1 732 i e Brig in 6 9 . Samuel Mc lintock ( min ster o f Gre n Ne w a o f ti h i r land, H mpshire, Scot s orig n, was p esent at Bunker Hill ’ and appears in Trumbull s painting of the battle . Four of his sons McL e od 1 774 served in the Revolutionary war. Alexander ( e w i born in the island of Mull , died in N York as Pastor o f the F rst “ Reform ed Church . Described as a powerful prea cher , a man of ” C . Ge or uis t 1 770 learning and wisdom , and a devout hristian ge B (

’ “ ife s hire t E the born in F , Sco land , educated in dinburgh, one of i ” r most eloquent and distingu ished d vines of his day , was Pasto of the Scots Church in Charleston and President of the College of 1 786 e Charles ton . Alexander Campbell ( found r of the Camp llit s f an be e o n . c , was born in Antrim Scots a cestry Walter S ott , h of f u . other the founders , was born in Mof at, D mfriesshire Jo n 1 794 Dempster ( founder of Boston Theological Seminary , which afterwards became the Theological School of Boston Univer 1 r . rri 1 8 si y, was of Scots parentage Peter Douglas Go e ( 3 a i clergym n , and h storian of the Methodist Church in the United States, s M c lint 1 81 4 was born in Gla gow . John C ock ( o f Drew Theo ’ logical Seminary and leading editor of Mcclintock and Strong s “ ” C a c a yclop edia of Biblical, Theological , and E clesiastic l Literature ,

M hu r . a rt was of Scottish descent Robert Stuart cA , born in Canada , 1 84 1 s a C C in , of Scot p rentage, Minister of alvary Baptist hurch , N ew o f York , has published many volumes sermons, essays , and nar f ra v o . i ti e s travel Robert Mackenzie ( b . Pres dent o f San C a Francisco Theological Seminary , was born in rom rty . Robert n r E M cI t e . t i as y ( b Me hod st piscopal Bishop of California , w P k . o C n born in Sel irk J seph lumb ochran , Medical M issio ary to “ Persia , the Hakim Sahib of the natives, was grandson of a Scot . . “ John Alexander Dowie ( 1 848 founder of the s o-called Chris ” C o C ! wa E d tian atholic Ap stolic hurch in ion , s bo rn in inburgh . Mary Glover E ddy ( 1 82 1 claimed partly Scots de M acN e ils scent ( from of Barra) . Charles Pettigrew ( 1 743 Bishop o f the Dioce s e o f North

C . 1 7 arolina , was of Scottish descent James Kemp ( 64 sec o K e ithhall ond Bishop of Maryland, was b rn at in Aberdeenshire . Charles Pettit M cI lvaine ( 1 799 -1 873 ) Bishop of Ohio ( 1 832 “ E C 1 832 a author of vidences of hristianity , , w s also of Scott ish M a I lvaine s c . origin, from the of Ayrshire William Edward M cL aren

1 83 1 C s ( third Bishop of hicago, was grand on o f a Scot . The

s ﬁrst missionary Bishop of Duluth , James Dow Morri on ( b . was son of R ev . John Morrison and his wife who emigrated from 1 7 t 1 824 Glasgow in 83 . Abram Newkirk Li tlej ohn ( ﬁrst Bishop o s c n of L ng I land , was a des e dant o f Hugh Littlej ohn of Perthshire . 86 S COTLAN D’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

a B J mes Steptoe Johnston (b . second ishop of western Texas , was o f Scottish descent ; and Hugh Miller Thompson ( 1 830 second Bishop o f M ississippi , was an Ulster Scot , born in Londonderry . Richard Gilmour ( 1 824 second Roman Catholic Bishop of the i C 1 72 D ocese of leveland ( 8 born in Glasgow , Scotland , of Pres b t e rian o f C y parents , was noted for his zeal in behalf atholic educa o f tion . Robert Seton (b . a descendent the Setons of Winton , f 1 3 E was created Archbishop o Heliopolis in 90 . lizabeth Ann Bayley 1 774 Seton ( o f the same family , was founder of the Roman Catholic Order o f Sisters of Charity o f which she was the

ﬁrst Mother Superior . M cL e an 1 759 o s was John ( merchant and philanthr pi t ,

M cL e an for M as s achu founder of Asylum Insane at Somerville,

' 1 778 o f setts . Robert Rantoul ( Scottish parentage, worked i hard to ameliorate the criminal leg slation of the country , and took

s c part in establishing a charity school at Beverly , Mas achusetts , whi h

was said to be the ﬁrst Sunday School in America . Mrs . Graham ,

for a Scotswoman , celebrated in New York city her benevolence and

h for charity , founded a Sunday Sc ool in New York young women in

f r 1 792 . The movement however languished o some years until her

daughter , M rs . Bethune , also born in Scotland , organized the Female f 1 Sabbath School Union o N e w York in 81 6 . By her work in this “ o f connection Mrs . Bethune earned her title Mother of Sabbath ” 1 7 5 Schools in America . Fanny Wright ( 9 Madame Frances ’ D A rus m ont o , b rn in Dundee , Scotland , lectured extensively in the

United States on social , religious , and political questions and was the “ o f on author Views Society and Manners in America , etc . Robert O 1 801 Dale wen ( born in Glasgow , social reformer , spiritualist , C 1 84 3 author , and Member of ongress from Indiana ( was a

strong advocate of negro emancipation . James Miller M cK im ( 1 81 0 one of z o f of Ulster Scot descent, was the organi ers the Na tional Anti- Slavery Society later publishing agent o f the - 1 865 f Pennsylvania Anti Slavery Society , and in one o the founders “ 1 o f the New Yo rk Nation . Albert Brisbane ( 809 of Scotti sh “ ” l E o f . A and nglish descent , was the Father American Fourierism 1 828 bert Keith Smiley ( educator and reformer , was born in of tt C Maine Sco ish ancestry ; and Thomas Kirby ree, of Ulster Scot n r -ﬁve of m origi , was Secreta y for twenty years the International Co ’ s C M a r mirtee of the Young Men hristian Association . John cVica 1 859 born in Canada in o f Scottish parents , was one o f the origi

r o f C nato s the ommission form of government , developing what be “ ”

. n came known as the Des Moines Plan James Duncan , born in K i

- 1 857 n . cardine in , is the well k own Labor Leader SCOTS AS LAWYE RS

John Mercer ( 1 704 author of An exact abridgm ent o f all ” of 1 737 the public Acts Assembly , Williamsburg , , was a descendant f A chm t o . u u the Mercers of Aldie Robert y (born in Scotland , died u o f C in Boston, and his sons were disting ished lawyers olonial w 1 787 t times . Hugh Max ell ( born in Paisley , was Assistan Judge Advocate General ( 1 81 4 ) and District Attorney o f N ew York ( 1 81 9 E dward Duffield Ingraham ( 1 793 o f Scottish the o f s o f his descent , was at head the legal pro fe sion time in Phila

. e delphia He was also an eminent bibliophile , poss ssing a libraryof m 1 805 an thirty thousand volu es . Robert Rantoul ( of Scots ce s tr o f y, was member the first Commission to Revise the Laws of a s o f E dca Massachusetts , Member of the first Mass chu etts Board “ tion , an honor intended to be conferred only on such as were well qualified by their literary acquisitions to discharge its responsible ” duties . He was also a prominent agitator against the fugitive slave

' of law , and organizer and corporator the Illinois Central Railroad , t c ilvr 1 827 the firs transcontinental line proj ected . John Jay M G a ( o of Scots parentage, to k part in many prominent enterprises o t for the public benefit in Washington State, and f rced the Nor hern t Pacific Railroad o restore five million acres to public domain . Law 1 853 - e rence Maxwell , born in Glasgow in , was Solicitor G neral of the United States ( 1 893 and also held many otherimportant posi ’

. e a tions David Rob rt Barcl y , author of the well known Barclay s 8 C . o 1 68 Digest of the decisions of the Supreme ourt ( St L uis, ) was - of Scots des cent . William Birch Rankine ( 1 858 1 905 ) o f Scots th e i parentage , took up work of develop ng Niagara power and

founded the Niagara Falls Power Company Thomas M . ﬁ . a Logan (b lawyer , soldier , and railroad of cer was a descend nt

f R talri o e s . C of Logan g David larence Gibboney ( b . Special C C 1 906 ounsel for the Pure Food ommission in , grandson o f a Scot , has i for - also made a reputat on prosecution of gamblers, dive keepers ,

illicit liquor dealers , etc . , in Philadelphia . C S OTS IN ART, ARCHITE CTURE , E TC.

mi e 1 684 S b rt . E b John (c born in din urgh , came to America 1 728 in and settled in Boston , where he met success as a portrait

. r painter He was the ﬁrst painter of me it in the colonies, and painted port raits of many of the eminent magistrates and divines of New E ng

1 72 5 1 751 . land and New York between and , the year of his death on m t t His work had much inﬂuence the A erican ar ist , John Single on 1 Copley . Gilbert Charle s Stuart ( 755 born in Rhode Island of t was th o c Sco tish p arents , e f remost Ameri an portrait painter of his

. e r and day He painted sev ral po traits of Washington, also portraits n u ff s of Preside ts J ohn Adams , John Q incy Adams, Je erson, Madi on, m s c . C Justice Story , Fisher A es , John Ja ob Astor and others o mo i a Alexander, a sk lled portrait painter, born in Sc otland , was his te cher C s e 1 782 C for a time . harles Fra r ( born in harleston , South C a d arolina , of Scottish ancestry, ﬁrst studied law n retired with a competency . He then took up art and achieved eminent success in i s n min ature painting and as a painter of land capes , pictures of ge re, 1 7 t . a 66 still li fe, etc Dunlap ( artist and drama ist , ‘ Willi m earl Vice - the i of founder and y _ President of Nat onal Academy De

of . sign , was Ulster Scot descent His family name was originally 1 803 Dunlop . Robert Walter Weir ( of Scots parentage, is best known for his historical pictures , he being one of the ﬁrst in America “ E ” to take up this branch of the art . The mbarkation o f the Pilgrims

- ( 1 836 4 0) in the Rotunda o f the Capitol at Washingt on is by him . 1 81 2 i a Russell Smith , born in Glasgow in , was a scient ﬁc draughtsm n “ ”

n . a d landscape p ainter Two of his ﬁnest landscapes , Chocorua Peak “ ” and Cave at Chelton Hills were exhibited in the Philadelphia E xhi ! - i n 1 . bit o of 876 His son, anthus ( b . was a well known marine and landscape painter and painted many of the naval engage 1 81 8 C . n ments of the ivil War James Hope , bor near Abbots ford in , N e w 1 853 settled in York in , distinguished as a landscapist, was chosen m 1 an Associate o f the National Acade y in 865 . Alexander Hay 1 822 E di Ritchie ( born in Glasgow and educated in nburgh , was a most successful painter in oils as well as an engraver in stipple and “ ” “ l a mezzotint . His paintings of the Death of Linco n and W shing ”

r . i e ton and his Ge nerals, obtained g eat popularity As a portra t paint r ” “

m . c ﬁne exa ples of his work are Dr Mc osh o f Princeton, Henry

90 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

of Dunsmore (b . Director of the Detroit Museum Arts and Founder o f the Detroit School o f Arts ; and John Ferguson Weir h f . t o (b Dean of e Scho l o Fine Arts at Yale University , are of Scottish descent . 1 773 h Alexander Lawson ( born in Lanarkshire , died in P ila

o f delphia , was famous as the engraver the best plates in Alexander ’ Wils ons s Ornithology and the plates on conchology for Haldeman O 1 81 3 e n and Binney . His son , scar A . Lawson ( was chart 1 - 51 840 . graver of the United States Coast Survey , Samuel Aller ’ ’ dice engraved a large number of plates of Dobson s edition o f R e es s l dia 1 4 - 1 0 C c o e 79 8 3 . y p , Hugh Anderson , a Scot , did good line and stipple work in Philadelphia in the ﬁrs t quarter o f the nineteenth cen 1 822 tury . George Murray , born in Scotland , died in Philadelphia in ,

- organized the bank note and engraving ﬁ rm of Murray , Draper , Fair

1 81 0- 1 1 s Co . man , in , the be t note engravers in this country in their

da . y John Vallance , also born in Scotland , died in Philadelphia in 1 823 of o f c o f , was one the founders the Asso iation Artists in America , 1 1 and Treasurer o f the Society o f Artists in Philadelphia in 8 0. James 1 807 E Smillie ( born in dinburgh , died in New York , was cele b rate d as an engraver of bank notes and as an engraver of landscapes . ’ “ ” C o f Among his best works are ole s series The Voyage Life, and ’ “ ” i r 1 7 5 B s tadt s . 7 e Rocky Mountains Dr . Alexander Anderson (

o f o f the Bewick America , born in New York Scots parent

- age, at the age of ninety three engraved some illustrations for Bar ’ “ ” i h l s C of N e w . H ns c e wood bour s Hi torical ollections Jersey Robert , E 1 81 2 was born in dinburgh in , studied under Sir William Allen, landscape engraver for Harpers and other New York publi s hers and C also engraver for the ontinental Bank Note Company . John Geikie

W lls t ood E h 1 1 3 e 8 . , born in dinburg in , was another eminent engraver 1 8 85 Co . In his ﬁrm was merged in the American Bank Note , and in

1 71 s 8 he founded the Columbian Bank Note Company o f Wa hington,

o f D . C. He also made many improvements in the manufacture 1 2 C . 8 3 E banknotes . harles Burt (c born in dinburgh , died

of L izars E in Brooklyn , a pupil William Home of dinburgh , did some ﬁne plates and portraits ‘ for books and for several years was one of the chief engravers for the Treasury Depart

t . E ment in Washing on Hezekiah Wright Smith , born in dinburgh , 1 828 a E in , engr ved portraits o f Daniel Webster , E dward verett , and t a his head of Washing on , after the Athen eum head by Gilbert Stuart , “ r ” is said to be the best engraving of this famous port ait ever made .

' N t i 1 “ O . n athaniel rr (b of Sco tish ancestry , retired 888 with the reputation of having brought the art of wood engraving to the ‘ ’ O o highest perfection, and the signature rr , cut in the bl ck was always S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA 91

a sure guarantee of art excellence . Robert Shaw , born in Delaware 1 859 of c t in S ottish parentage, has made a reputation by his e chings “ ”

. O o f famous historical buildings His etching, the ld Barley Mill fe ranks as one o f the best etchings made in th is country . A w other

Scottish engravers who produced good work were Robert Campbell ,

e . William Charles ( d . Philadelphia , Alexand r L Dick “ ” the n E . W . H . Dougal ( he dropped Mac for some reason) , Hele i Lawson ( daughter of Alexander Lawson already ment oned) , John Roberts ( 1 768 William Main Smillie ( 1 83 5 son of Jame s We lls tood 1 81 9 Smillie mentioned above , and William ( 1 806 n John Crookshanks King ( born in Kilwin ing, Ayrshire , 1 829 for emigrated to America in , and died in Boston, was celebrated o f s the his busts Daniel Web ter, John Quincy Adams , Louis Agassiz ,

E . naturalist , Ralph Waldo merson , etc He also excelled as a maker C 1 81 4 of cameo portraits . Thomas rawford ( one of the greatest t u i was of h if not the greates sc lptor of Amer ca, Scottis descent . His “ ” nz works include Armed Liberty (bro e doors) , Beethoven, bust o f “ ” Mac O . John Quincy, Washington, rpheus, etc Frederick William Monnie s 1 863 o f , born in Brooklyn in Scottish parents ( his father a t was a n tive of Whi horn , Wigtownshire) , is sculptor of the statue “ C N e w of Nathan Hale in ity Hall Park, York ; Victory at West

Point, etc . Robert Ingersoll Aitken , born in San Francisco o f Scot M cK inle tish parents , is designer of the monuments to President y at

o . St . Helena, Berkeley , and in G lden Gate Park, San Francisco He m also designed the monument to the A erican Navy in Union Square , 1 Ne San Francisco . In 906 he moved to w York and has executed busts of so me of the most prominent Americans of the day . Notable o f his ideal sculptures are “ Bacchante” “The Flame” “ ” R hind and Fragment John Massey , Member o f the Na ti nal u o Sc lpture Society , one of the foremost sculptors o f the present E u 1 858. day, was born in dinb rgh in James Wilson, Alexander Mac donald ( 1 824 and Hermon Atkins M acN e il ( 1 866 ) are also of Scottish origin . C 1 846 Alexander Milne alder, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in , i began life as a gardener, stud ed with Alexander Brodie and John ’ R hind o to A m e rica 1 868 and in L ndon and Paris, came in , and is best known as having made the sculpture for the Philadelphia City the t e Hall including heroic sta ue o f William Penn, which crowns th C tower . His son , Alexander Stirling alder , born in Philadelphia 1 870 in , is also a sculptor o f note , and was acting chief o f the t u m -Paciﬁc E Depar ment of Sc lpture, Pana a xposition , San Francisco , ‘ - 1 1 MacK e nzie O 1 9 1 3 9 5 . Robert Tait , born in ntario , Canada ,

1 7 o E 86 f . in , Rev William Mackenzie, a graduate of dinburgh , has 92 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

created several groups of athletes in action of great force and beauty . z e th Dr . Macken ie is a physician and dir ctor of e Department of Physi E cal ducation in the University o f Pennsylvania . ’ n c Ch e r ma M acB ea t . Tho s , the archite of St Paul s ap l , B oadway , C 1 764-66 Who c New York ity , built in , was a Scot re eived his train n-in of . ing under James Gibbs (an Aberdonian) , architect St Marti - m an 1 81 0 E . Not the Fields , London John ( born in dinburgh , de signe d and constructed some of the mosf important buildings in Phila 1 81 8 a d s C . delphia n al o the State apitol , Trenton James Renwick ( N e w s dis tribut born in York city of Scotti h ancestry , planned the on n N e w ing reservoir Fifth Ave ue , York , where the New York

on Public Library now stands . He was e of the greatest architects in

— this country , and the beauty o f his work to cite only a few of his

s — a C c C v mo t notable creations is mply attested by Grace hur h , al ary ’ n N e w C . C 1 hurch , and St Patrick s athedral , York ; the Smithsonian t i C t Insti ut on and orcoran Art Gallery, in Washing on ; and Vassar M cA rt hur 1 823 College in Poughkeepsie . John ( born in Bla de noch t d C , Wig ownshire, designe and constructed Philadelphia ity “ ” a t C i Philadel Hall , L faye te ollege , the Publ c Ledger building in i l hOS ta s . C phia , several p , etc Alexander ampbell Bruce (b . o f

- Scottish parentage , designed a number of court houses and other pub n t lic buildings in Ten essee , Georgia , Alabama , Florida , and Nor h i C . a arolina , besides schools , librar es , churches, hotels , etc He e sily

of r became the foremost architect the South . Hen y Hobson Richardson 1 838 o t dre w the or o ( of Sc t ish descent , plans f many imp rtant _ s E C con building , but Trinity Protestant piscopal hurch in Boston , is indrim s ide re d his masterpiece . James Hamilton W ( b . archi n o f s l tecr a d Director Public Work in Philade phia , was of Ulster Scot r i parentage . His se vices were utilized in the planning and construct on f i of some o the most important build ngs in Philadelphia . The Ma s onic Temple in that city is believed to be his masterpie ce . The de signer o f many of the notable bridges of Philadelphia was Frank

Burns ( 1 844 an architectural draughtsman of Scotti sh descent.

Harold Van Buren M agonigle (b . designer of the monument M ai C l . . ne to the Seamen o f U . S S ornell Alumni Ha l , K in M c le Ca O . Ithaca , the National y Memorial at nton, hio , etc , is the ni l grandson of John M ago g e of Greenock . The builder o f the world famed Smithsoni an Ins titut ion in Washingt on was Gilbe rt Cameron o - a ( d . a native of Greenock , and Sc ttish stone m sons were largely employed in the construction of many of the most impo rtant

count r ' s uch t buildings in the y, as the Me ropolitan Museum and Tombs Ca th e in New York , the pitol in Albany, the State House in Boston , M w 1 8 1 C C a . cGa 3 ity Hall in hic go , etc Alexander ( born in S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 93

- Stranraer, Wigtownshire , was famous as a bridge builder and as builder of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty in N e w York Harbor . 1 835 i n John L . Hamilton ( born Newmilns , Ayrshire , came

1 853 a . to the United States in , and soon bec me eminent as a builder

o f im Duncan Phyfe , maker exquisite furniture , who adapted and proved the Sheraton style , and considered by good j udges to be the

Hi le white equal of Sheraton , pp , and Adams, was a Scot who came

. 1 784 . to America about . His father was John Fife of Inverness o f E arl A me rican Crafts me n Dyer , who devotes a chapter his y to “ s i him , ays no other Amer can made anything comparable to ” the exquisite furniture of Duncan Phyfe . The name of Samuel Mc

1 81 1 s — Intire ( d . ) stand out pre eminent as master o f all the artists D r“ in wood of his time . An account of his work is given by ye with i 1 1 2 o f h s . 8 illustrations work In , Thomas Haig, a native o f Scot a t t land , Queensware potter , star ed the Northern Liber ies Pottery , and turned out a beautiful quality of re d and black earthenware . About 1 829 the works of the Jersey Porcelain and E arthenware Com

2 . pany ( founde d 1 8 5 ) were pu rchased by David and J . Henderson Some o f the productions of the Hendersons are especially sought after T he now s C t . by collectors . The ﬁrm is known as the Jer ey ity Po tery n - b u a d . . o Scottish ﬁrm of J G H Gibson , glass stainers , Philadelphia , taine d a nationa l reputation for artistic work . Daniel and Nathaniel a M Munroe , clockm kers , were famous as such in assachusetts in the 1 81 beginning of the ninetee nth century . Henry Mitchell ( 0 born the - in Fifeshire , was pioneer wagon builder of the west . Frederick Turnbull ( 1 847 who introduced the art of Turkey-red dyeing t 1 850 o into his country about , was b rn in Glasgow .

C. . Will Macfarlane ( b organist and composer , was born E i an in ngland of Scott sh origin . His compositions include songs , C “ ” thems, organ music , a Lenten antata , The Message from the Cross . ’ “ e Le e B ates s a m His s tting of Katherine p triotic hy n, America, the i - Beautiful , has had nat on wide usage . William Wallace Gilchrist

. o of E (b comp ser, was Scottish descent ; and dward Alexander M acD owe ll ( 1 86 1 compo ser and Professor of Music in Co

s lumbia University , was of Ul ter Scot origin . Robe rt Campbell Maywood actor and theatrical m anager in Philadelphia , was born in Greenock , Scotland . E dwin 1 806 Forrest ( the celebrated American actor , was the son o f r a native of D um f iesshire ; and Robert B ruce Mantell , who made his E in1 854 . debut in Rochdale , ngland , was born in Irvine, Ayrshire, E 1 81 1 o f t James dward Murdoch ( grandson a Scot ish immigrant , E io C C l was Professor of locut n at incinnati ollege of Music , and ater a e l ading actor on the American stage . During the Civil War he de 94 S COTLAN D’S MARK ON AME RI CA voted his energies to support of the Union and gave readings for the beneﬁt of the United States Sanitary Commission . Benj amin

11 h 1 846 o . Keith ( theater pr prietor, was of Scottish descent O Mary Garden , Singer and Director o f Grand pera, was born in 1 877 the r Aberdeen in . James H . Stoddart , vete an actor, was also of Scottish origin . SCOTS AS IN VE NTORS

As Scotland gave to the world the knowledge of the art o f loga rithms , the steam engine, the electric telegraph , the wireless telegraph ,

as im illuminating g , the knowledge of chloroform , and many other it to b a portant inventions, was e expected that the inventive f culty o f her sons would not fail when transplanted to this country . O 1 71 7 Hugh rr ( born in Lochwinnoch , inventor of a machine o o f for dressing ﬂax , t ok a patriotic part in the war the Revolution by

f r casting gu ns and shot o the Continental Army, besides doing much

- e . to encourag rope making and spinning His son, Robert , invented an improved method o f making scythes and was the ﬁrst manufacturer s 1 7 o f iron shovels in N e w E ngland . William Long treet ( 59

Ne w e t a Jersey Scot , invent d and patented an improvement in cot on “ ” - w- the s a . gins called breast roller , also a portable steam mill As early as 1 790 he was at work on the problem of the application of s o f team power to the propulsion boats , but lack of funds prevented 1 807 l operations until , the same year in which Fulton aunched his 1 790 be steamboat . His son , Augustus Baldwin Longstreet ( ! 1 765 came President of South Carolina College . Robert Fulton ( s o ne of Ayr hire origin through Ulster , was , as every knows , the ﬁrst to successfully apply steam to navigation . Hugh Maxwell

1 777 s in ( publi her and newspaper editor , of Scottish descent , vented the “printer ’s roller” ( patented in cast his own types r 1 1 and eng aved his own woodcuts . Henry Burden ( 79 born in Dunblane, inventor of an improved plow and the first cultivator , was also the first to invent and make the hook -headed railroad spike “which has since proved itself a most important factor in railroad ” “ n ” building in the U ited States . His cigar boat although not a com “ ” me rcial success was the fore -runner o f the whale-back steamers a 1 now in use on the Great L kes . William Orr ( 808 manu n o f a s facturer and inve tor , born in Belfast Ulster Scot parent ge, wa . the first to manufacture merchantable printing paper with wood fibre in it , and made several other improvements and discoveries along i M c Cormick 1 809 s milar lines . Cyrus Hall ( inventor o f the

i c one reaping mach ne , was descended from James Mc ormick , of the signers o f the address o f the city and garrison o f Londonderry pre

n h 1 . se ted to William III . after t e siege in 689 Of his invention the 95 96 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

French Academy o f Sciences declared that by its means he liad done ” a more for the cause of agriculture than any other l iving man . J mes 1 804 -84 l of Blair ( ) born in Perth , Scot and , was the inventor the roller i 1 793 - 1 873 for printing cal co ; and Robert M . Dalzell ( ) was inventor “ ” C of the elevator system in handling and storing grain . Samuel olt 1 81 4 the C ( inventor of olt revolver , and founder of the great

t C . s . arms factory at Har ford , onn , was of Scots ance try on both sides He was also the ﬁrst to lay a submarine electric cable ( in 1 843 ) con N n ne cting . e w York city with stations o Fire Island and Coney Is f . o r land Thomas Taylor, inventor elect ic appliances for exploding f . C o f o powder in mining, blasting, etc , hief the Division Microscopy C 1 871 1 82 . 0 a . ( was born in Perth , Scotland , in Dunc n H amp 1 827 in s bell , born in Greenock in , settled Bo ton as a lad , by his numerous inventions, pegging machines, stitching machines , a lock m stitch achine for sewing uppers , a machine for using waxed ” e thr ads , a machine for covering buttons with cloth , laid the foun ’ N E — dation of ew ngland s pre eminence in shoe manufacturing . Gor don M cK ay ( 1 82 1 by his inventions along similar lines also N ’ e w . helped to build up E ngland s great industry Robert Dick , 1 81 4 ff ( born in Bathgate , Linlithgowshire, died in Bu alo , lecturer , the newspaper editor, writer , preacher, and inventor, was inventor of mailing machine used in nearly every newspaper offic e on the conti 1 820 in nent. Alexander Morton, ( the perfector i f not the f ve nt or . O o gold pens, was born in Darvel , Ayrshire James liver , t 1 823 t dis cov born in Roxburgh , Sco land , in , made several impor ant i eries in connect on with casting and moulding iron , was the inventor O O of the liver chilled plow , and founder of the liver Chilled Plow

. n w Works, South Bend, Indiana The business established by him is o

on to carried in several cities from Rochester, New York State, San

Francisco , and south to Dallas , Texas . William Chisholm , bo rn in 1 825 t Lochgelly, Fi feshire, in , demonstrated the practicabili y o f mak

ing screws from Bessemer steel , organized the Union Steel Company

ne w o f Cleveland , and devised several methods and machinery i . s for manufacturing steel shovels , scoops , etc H brother, Henry, - C l was the ﬁrst to introduce steel making into leve and , and might “ j ustly be called The Father of Cleveland . Andrew Campbell ( 1 82 1 -90) was the inventor of many improvements in printing ma i r - chinery, and of a long series of dev ces comp ising labor saving ma ’ e m - a chin ry relating to hat anufacture, steam engines, m chinists tools , m lithographic and printing achinery , and electrical appliances . Wil

- liam E zra Ferguson ( b . merchant and inventor of the means in on i w of convey g grain steam shipments without shi ft ng, as of Scot ' r 1 8 2 . 3 tish ancest y Alexander Davidson (b . ) made many inventions

98 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

1 684 emigrated f rom Scotland in , patented the printing telegraph “ said to be the most impo rtant invention in the telegraph world since E ” dison introduced the quadruplex system . Alexander Winton , born 1 860 in Grangemouth in , inventor and manufacturer , successfully de ve lope d a number o f improvements in steam engines for ocean going C 1 897 vessels , founded the Winton Motor Carriage ompany in , and

' patented a numbe r o f inventions in connection with automobile me h c anis m . C O The works of the company at leveland , hio , now cover more than thirteen acres . The ﬁrst to expound and formulate the application o f the law of conservation in illumination calculations was

M cAllis t e r f Adda ms Stratton (b . a des cendant o Hugh Mc

1 2 . . 73 Allister, who emigrated from Scotland c He also holds several

a for - p tents alternating current machinery , and has written largely 1 20 on electrical subjects . Richard Dudgeon ( 8 born in Hadding

ns hir as f to e , Scotland , was distinguished a machinist, inventor o the

- hydraulic jack and boiler tube expander . SCOTS AS E NGINE E RS

Thomas Hutchins ( 1 730 engineer and geographer was of al Scotish origin . He was author of some topographical works and so furnished the maps and plates o f Smith ’s Account of Bouquet ’s ex e dition 1 763 p ( Philadelphia , James Geddes ( o f Scot t o tish bir h or parentage , was surveyor f canal routes in New York State and was chief engi neer on construction o f the E rie Canal “ 1 1 8 re and chief engi neer of the Champlain Canal ( 8 . In all matters ou t al lating to the laying , designing and construction of can s , he was looked upon as one o f the highest authorities in the country . James 1 807 Pugh Kirkwood ( born in E dinburgh , came to United States 1 832 one one in , was of the most eminent engineers in the country, of the founders o f the American Soc iety of Civil E ngineers ( 1 852 ) and ’ n 1 867 1 81 1 Preside t ( James Laurie ( born at Bell s Mills, E C E e C dinburgh , hief ngine r on the New Jersey entral Railroad , con s ultin e h g engin er in connection wit the Housatonic Tunnel , and ﬁrst President of the A merican Society of Civil E ngineers; William 1 823 i Tweeddale, born in Ayrshire in , rendered valuable engineer ng

“ C i on service in the iv l War, and was an authority the sources and a f B r voo i o . e rt ch racter water supply Henry Renwick , noted eng neer

x s and e pert in patent cases , ﬁrst in pector of steam vessels for the of Ne w a Port York , was a son of James Renwick the scie ntist . D vid 1 849 n Young, born in Alloa , Scotland , in , was President of the Co solidated Traction Lines of New Jersey and General Manager of the

e . o larger consolidat d company William Barclay Pars ns ( b . C h is partly descended from olonel Thomas Barclay, a Tory of t e M D o r c nald . Revolution . Hunte (b descended from Angus M cD onald C i , a refugee from ulloden , is a prom nent railroad engineer . 1 864 T . Kennard Thomson , born in , is prominent as a bridge builder ,

u a . designer of pne m tic caissons , etc Hi s father came from S tranraer n 1 834 . O 1 in Hugh Gordon Stott, bor in rkney , in 866 , President o f the American Inst itute of E lectrical E ngineers S upe rin tendent of motive power of Manhattan Railway System , etc . Wil b M cNeill 1 801 a liam Gib s ( of Scottish p rentage, was another engineer worth mentioning . Theodore Crosby Henry ( 1 84 1 99 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

the father o f irrigation in Colorado , was also of Scottish des cent . M L e an M c n c . L ea William (d brother of Judge , was mainly instrum ental in extending the Ohio Canal from Cincinnati to Cleve a a 1 852 land . John Findley W ll ce ( o f Scottish descent, was chief-engineer o f the Panana Canal ( 1 904 and also designed and

constructed many important engineering works . Angus Sinclair ( 1 84 1 orfars hire born in F , was an engineer , author of several text “ ou books engineering, and editor of the Railway and Locomotive ” E ngineering .

1 02 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

o drug ﬁrm of M cK es s n and Robbins ; and Alfred B . Scott of the

wholesale drug ﬁrm o f Scott and Bowne was also of Scotti sh descent . h 1 834 t E dmond Urqu art (b . ) was one of the pioneers in the crea ion r C 1 835 of t he cotton seed oil indust y . To Andrew arnegie ( “ - born in Dunfermline, the richest and most free handed Scot who ” e in ever lived , more than anyone else is due the great st el and iron n for r . dus t y of the United States His in umerable gifts public libraries , N w etc . , are too well known to need detailing here . To e York alone he gave over ﬁve million dollars to establish circulating branches in N connection with the e w York Public Library . In the development o f the steel business o f Pittsburgh he was ably seconded by James o Scott , George Lauder (his cousin) , Robert Pitcairn , Charles L ck — ff s ; c . hart , and other all Scots James Mc lurg Gu ey (b oil

o f . producer and capitalist , was Galloway descent He developed the Ca i i oil ﬁelds of Kansas , Texas , li forn a , West Virg nia , and Indian ff C Territory . The town of Gu ey , olorado, is named in his honor . His

' Guﬁ e n n brother Wesley S . y was also promine t in the oil industry . Joh 1 8 Arbuckle ( 39 merchant and philanthropist , known in the “ ff ” C . trade as the o ee King, was born in Scotland Robert Dunlap

(b . hat manufact urer and founder of Dunlap Cable News Com inl ck pany was of Ulster Scot origin . William Chalk Gou o S physician and manufacturer , of cottish ancestry, was one o f the ﬁrst to establish the salt industry in We stern N e w York and in 1 887 established the ﬁrst salt-pan west of the Mis i i i E s s s . pp ( at Hutcheson, Kansas ) dward Kerr, born in Sanquhar, 1 842 L au re nce ville z Com Dumfriesshire , in , was founder of the Bron e 1 1 e z 1 84 1 pany ( 89 ) and William Mack n ie ( born in Glasgow ,

C . was founder of the Standard Bleachery at arlton Hill , New Jersey C 1 84 7 a u was Hugh J . hisholm ( capitalist and m nu fact rer, of 1 81 8 Scotti sh parentage . James Smith Kirk ( soap manufacturer in Chicago , was bo rn in Glasgow . George Yule, born in Rathen, 1 824 t in' Aberdeenshire, in , was dis inguished manufactures . William t 1 826 C Chapman Rals on ( developer of alifornia , was of Scottish 827 h . l B 1 o ancestry Wil iam arr ( merc ant and philanth r pist , the o t he s founder o f one of largest d ry go ds ﬁrms in Middle We t, was B 1 81 7 r bo rn in Lanark . Matthew aird ( born in Londonder y of the c m i Ulster Scot parentage, a partner in Baldwin Lo o ot ve Works , in 1 865 became sole proprietor besides being a director in several other important co rporations . James Douglas Reid ( 1 81 9 born in

E dinburgh , superintended the construction of many of the most im portant telegraph lines in the United States and founded and edited “ ” r i . the National Teleg aph Rev ew Theodore I rwin ( b, grain a E e merch nt, manufacturer, and bibliophile and dward H nry Kellogg S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 1 03

o f tt . (b . manufacturer of lubricating oils , were Sco ish descent and c u J ames Abe rcrombie Burden ( b . ironmaster manufa t rer,

e . was son of the great Scottish inv ntor, Henry Burden William 1 834 s t Sloane (d . came to the United States in and e ablished the great carpet ﬁrm o f William Sloane and Sons . The development o f the tobacco industry which so enriched Glasgow in the middle of

' i htee nth ce ntur the e g y, drew large numbers of Scots to Virginia as “ ' u m erchants and manufact rers , and , says Slaughter, it i s worthy of

the i note that Scotch families such as Dunlops , Tennants , Mag lls . i 1 879 m e rons . Ca , etc , are to this day ( ) leaders of the tobacco trade of

Petersburg, which has grown so great as to swallow up her sisters ,

hich we r one w . e Blandford and Pocahontas , , merged in corporation M l i 1 81 6 one o f t in David Hunter cA p n (b . ) was the larges C o 1 834 t obacco manufacturers ; and Alexander ameron , b rn in at -on- Grantown Spey, had an extensive share in the tobacco business , l r a with four large branch factories in Australia . A exande Macdon ld o Fort e s E l ins hire ( b . b rn at , g , was President of the Standard Oil Company of Kentucky and Director in several other important 1 b . C . 800 usiness enterprises James row, Kentucky pioneer, ( c b o rn in Scotland and graduated as a physician from E dinburgh Uni 1 822 o C t versity . In went from Philadelphia to Wo dford oun y, Ken t im ucky , where his knowledge o f chemistry enabled him vastly to i prove the methods o f dist lling whisky , and he became the founder

a . C of the gre t distilling industry of that state Walter allender, born 1 834 C McAus lan in Stirling in , was founder o f the ﬁrm of allender , .

. E . . o 1 838 and Troup , of Providence J Lindsay , b rn in Dundee in , w as manufacturer of agricultural implements in Wisconsin . Alex C 1 840 ander ochrane born at Barrhead in , was a great chemical manu c E dwm C k 1 fa turer . Allen ruikshan , born in 84 3 of Scotti s h auces

‘ t r was y, a real estate operator and one of the founders of the Real 1 E t a E ha 883 . e s a s te xc nge in G orge Harri on B rbour, born in 1 843 o f - Scottish parentage , was Vice President and General Manager of C the Michigan Stove ompany , the largest establishment of the kind

. r 1 in the world William Marshall, bo n in Leith in 848, was founder

- ro f the Anglo American Varnish Company Robe rt Means

“ s 1 849 o f t s Thomp on, born in Scot ish ance try, was President of the ~ C C Orford opper ompany, one of the largest produce rs o f nickel in h t e . world William James Hogg ( b . ca rpet ma nufacturer in s a t Worce ter and Auburn , Mass chuse ts ; and Francis Thomas Fletcher the C Lovejoy , Secretary o f arnegie Steel Company were o f Scottish

e . McE lwain d scent William Howe (b . shoe manufacturer in E , A o o New ngland is of rgyllshire descent ; and the Armours f Chicag , l d e m o Uls ter c / 1 75 scended from James Armour, who ca e fr m 0, clai m 1 04 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

1 847 t Scottish ancestry . William Barbour (b . thread manufac urer , t o was grandson of a Scot who moved from Paisley, Scotland, Lis 1 768 1 784 burn , Ireland , in , and in established what is now the oldest

e . linen thread manufactu ring establishment in the world . G orge A C 1 824 o lark ( b rn in Paisley, established the thread mills at r Newark , New Jersey , the business of which was ca ried on by his

1 860. brother William ( b . who came to the United States in C The great oates Thread Mills at Pawtucket , Rhode I sland, are a l . . C branch o f the ﬁrm of J and J Coates of Paisley . Hugh ha mers

. C C (b President o f the halmers Motor ompany, of Detroit, is descended from Thoma s Chalmers who came from Scotland early h i 1 t e n . C 7 6 in n netee th century Ramsey rooks ( 8 fur trader, a d e born in Greenock , Scotland ; came to America n s ttled in Wis 1 . 809 consin In , he entered the service o f John Jacob Astor and made, n with Donald Macke zie and Robert Stuart , the memorable n 1 834 o O . l mile trip to Astoria , the Paciﬁc cean In , he sett ed in New

. u i York and engaged successfully in business . D r ng his residence at i Mack nac Island , Mich . , and on his adventurous trips he was a great i “ the I nd ans . friend and conﬁdant of , Black Hawk said he was The best paleface friend the red men ever had . Mention may also here be made of the Anchor line of Steamships founded by Thomas and f thi John Henderson of Glasgow . The ships o s line began service be N 5 1 tween Glasgow and e w York in 1 8 6 . In 869 they established a

North Sea service between Granton , Scotland , and Scandinavian port s and through this channel introduced many thousands of industrious 1 7 Scandinavian settlers into the United States . In 8 0 they established i E the ﬁrst direct commun cation between Italy , southern urope and the 1 873 United States , and in they inaugurated , and were the principal

o f E . carriers , the live cattle trade between the United States and urope

1 06 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA

1 756 a n s grant of , was prominent lawyer and ba ker in Los Angele the i James Alexander Linen (b . President of First Nat onal f t l Gib Bank of Scranton, was o Scott ish paren age . George Rut edge

. o f d on i son ( b Scottish escent , has written largely quest ons f o . M l n and foreign finance John Hall cC eme t ( b . railroad s MacI nne s financial expert , is of Scotti h parentage . Duncan , born at E h Inveresk , near dinburgh , has been C ief Accountant o f the City N e w f of York for many years , and is one o the best equipped men in t m municipal finance in America . Rober Graha Dun i f . mercant le credit expert , was grandson o Rev James Dun, minister in 1 81 5 . Glasgow , who emigrated to Virginia, c . Robert Burns Beath ( 1 839 President of the United Fire ’ “ C of mens Insurance ompany Philadelphia, and author of the His ” tory o f the Grand Army of the Republic was of Scots par

n a 06 s e t e . C x 1 8 E g William . Ale ander ( Pre ident of the quitable s C m . l Life In urance o pany, was second son of Dr Archibald A exander of s on 1 83 Princeton . His James Waddell Alexander ( 9 was M 9 also President o f the same Company . John Augustine cCall ( 1 84 N e w C o f President of the York Life Insurance ompany, was Ulster Scot descent Men of Scotti s h birt h or Scottish descent ha ve had a prominent place in the d ev e lopm e nt of the rail roads of the United States from n e their inception to the prese t day . It was a Scot, Peter Fl ming, Sur

e r of v yo o f the upper part New York city , who laid out the grades I ns l i f or the ﬁrs t railroad in the state . John ee ( or Insley) Bla r ( 1 802 founder of the Lackawanna Coal and Iron Company ﬁnancier and founder of the Delaware and Lackawanna Rail a o f S road , was descendant Samuel Blair who came from cotland in N e 1 720. w . Blairstown, Jersey, is named in hi s honor He gave half a million dollars to various Presbyterian institutions . Samuel Sloan ( 1 81 7 President of the Delaware and Lackawanna 1 86 L is bum Railroad ( 7 was born in of Ulster Scot ancestry . 1 81 3 e John T . Grant ( railroad build r in Georgia, Ala bama , Tennessee, M ississippi , Louisiana , and Texas , was of Scottish origin ; and so al s o was Thomas Alexander Scott ( 1 824 Vice—President and President of the Pennsylvania 1 861 Railroad , Assistant Secretary of War ( and Presi

. r dent of the Texas Paciﬁc Railroad James McC m (b . n c t who i desce ded from James Mc rea , an Ulster Sco came to Amer ca 1 7 s th i in 76, was one of the ablest Pre idents o f e Pennsylvania Ra l E t e F o road . John dgar Thompson , hird Pr sident, rank Thomps n, — the n sixth Vice Pres ident of Pe nsylvania system, were also of Scot

e . C w s tish desc nt Alexander Johnson assatt, seventh President, a S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RICA 1 07

’ n o Scottish o his mother s side . Another pr minent Scot connected t with the Pennsylvania Railroad was Rober Pitcairn , born at John

1 8 s 36 . McL e od . stone , near Paisley, in Angu Archibald (b re -o rganizer o f the Philadelphia and Reading R aliroad was also a x a ‘ Scot ; and George Devereu Mack y ( b . banker and railroad

“ c M builders , was des ended from John ackay who came from Caithness 1 852 in 1 760 . John Allan Muir ( railroad promoter of Cali

rnia . fo , was of Scottish parentage C T A UR AL T P UB L E R A D S O S S JO N IS S , ISH S N TYPE FOUN DE RS

The B os ton N ews The ﬁrst newspaper printed in North America , L e tter 24 1 704 C for April , , was published by a Scot , John ampbell 1 5 ( 6 3 bookseller and pos tmaster of Boston . John Mein and Th B os ton hronicle John Fleming, the founders and publishers o f e C “ 1 7 7 on ( 6 ) were both born in Scotland . The paper was printed a ne w E and handsome typ e , a broad faced long primer , from an din b urgh foundry , and typographically far surpassed any paper that had E ” 1 71 4 appeared before it in New ngland . David Hall ( c . E r 1 740 born in dinburgh , emigrated to America sho tly after , became H 1 748 . e a partner of Benj amin Franklin in . was printer of the

P e nns lvania Gaze tte one fe w of y , of the leading newspapers the day , ’

on . and e o f the founders of the St . Andrew s Society of Philadelphia

s on th His , William ( died who carried on e printing business , “ was one of the original me mbers o f the Light Horse o f the City of “ C ” Philadelphia , afterwards known as The First ity Troop , and t m R ob served in the Con inental Ar y during the Revolutionary War . k 1 734 ub ert Ait en ( born in Dalkeith , Scotland , printer and p lis he r i 1 769 s o f nns lvania in Philadelph a in , was publi her the P e y M a azi ne 1 775 1 776 g from January to June , the ﬁrst magazine in

Philadelphia containing illustrations, most of which were engraved

“ 1 782 by Aitken himself . He also published , at his own expense , in ,

i - the first E nglish Bible pr nted in America . Maj or Andrew Brown of of tt ( c . born in the north Ireland Sco ish parents, was o f F e deral Gazette 1 793 Philadel hia publisher the , later ( ) changed to p tte Gaze . He is credited with being the first newspaper man to employ a reporter for the debates in Congress . It may here be mentioned that the publis her of the first directo ry of Philadelphia and its suburbs 1 72 e was a Scot , Captain John Macpherson ( 6 Jam s ’ Adams, Delaware s first printer was an Ulster Scot who lea rned the art of printing in Londonderry and founded the Wilming~ n 762 l E 1 755 t uran i 1 Co . O ton Co t . lea zer swald ( of Sco tish E on origin , though born in ngland , rendered brilliant service the side 1 77 o o f the colonies during the Revolution . In 9 he became ass ciated

M ar land Journal with William Goddard in the y , the ﬁrst newspaper

1 08

1 1 0 S COTLAN D ’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

1 79 1 i Blair ( polit cal w riter, negotiator of peace conference . 1 864 Globe at Hampton Roads in , and editor of the Washington , o f m i o o was a descendant Co missary Blair of Virgin a . James G rd n 1 795 a f o f Bennett ( born near Keith , B nf shire, pioneer modern

s and N e w H erald American j ournali m of the York , a “ founder s ff newspaper which ha long wielded a great inﬂuence on politica l a airs .

1 81 1 o f Tribune Horace Greeley ( founder the New York ,

for 1 872 - unsuccessful candidate the Presidency in , anti slavery leader , “ ” and author o f The Am erican Conﬂict ( 1 864 was of Ulster Scot

s de cent . O f the same origin was Joseph Medi ll ( 1 823 proprietor of the Chicago Tribu ne ( 1 874 ) and Robe rt Bonner ( 1 824 founder of the N e w York L e dge r was born in Londonderry f o . s C Ulster Scot origin James Thomp on allender ( d . a o o f political exile fr m Scotland , a controversial writer great po wer,

o f t he n o f a severe critic admi istration John Adams , founded the

R ichm ond R e cord f R i h u er o c mo nd E n irer. , predecessor the q John 1 829 t Swinton ( born in Hadding onshire, was editorial writer

for Tim s 1 860 S un 1 875 - 83 1 893 the New York e ( and ( , He took an active interest in social and industrial questions and was ’ o for 1 7 Progressive Lab r Party s candidate State Senator in 88 . James

e 1 833 b - o- - R dpath ( j ournalist and author, orn in Berwick n Tweed , was d the ‘ abolition- prominently identiﬁe with movement , was organizer

of s o C the ch ol system of S outh arolina , founder of the Boston Lyceum n Bureau , war corresponde t for Northern newspapers during the Civil

War , and author of several histories and biographical works . William f . o t Andrew Ure (b Scot ish parentage, by his energy made Ne w S unda Call one of the Newark, Jersey, y , the leading newspapers

in the state . Whitelaw Reid is noted under Ambassadors . St . Clair K -C f M c e lway (b . who became Regent and Vice hancellor o the f e w f n o N was o o . A University of the State York , Sc ts parentage M cL ean 1 848 drew , born in Renton, Dumbartonshire, in , is editor

in- o f B rookl n Citizen his chief the y , which under guidance has become n Mc Lean n n . s o . an i ﬂuential paper Washington and his , Joh R Mc a s of n e Le n , e tablished one the greatest ewspap rs in the Middle West,

‘ i in ti ui r r 1 848 the C nc na E nq er . David Alexander Mun o ( a M r bu r h - E native of a y g , Ross shire, educated at dinburgh University , f N orth A m erican R eview h oord editor or many years of the . Jo n F , 1 . 869 m born in Perthshire, came to the U S . in ; beca e editorial w riter . N ew York Time s -in- 883 on the and later editor chief after 1 , editor ' B rookl n Union Har er s We e kl and publisher of the y ; editor of p y,

r our l o omme rce A i i J na C s a . O leader wr te on f , and editor of ther 1 824 j ournalists who may be mentioned are William Cauldwell ( b . ) N of t i o f e w York , Sc ot ish parentage on both s des ; George Dawson S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA 1 1 ]

1 81 3 -83 o f o ( ) Albany, b rn in Falkirk , Scotland ; William Wiston - f 1 785 1 866 f . o o . C Seaton ( ) Washington, D , a Regent the Smith somian Institution ; and George Horace Lorimer ( b . j ournalist “ ” and author of Letters from a Self - made Merchant to His Son

M cE lhon 1 832 . e etc . John J ( famous as a stenographer ﬂi cial p and chief O Re orter of the House of Representatives, was of

Scotis h ancestry . o f Thomas Dobson , publisher of the ﬁrst American edition the E ncyclopaedia B ritannica was a Scot who gave a great im C 1 807 pulse to printing in the United States . Robert arter ( of C publisher and founder the house of Robert arter and Brothers , E so long and honorably known in New York city , was born in arlston , 1 808 e Berwickshire . Henry Ivison ( born in Glasgow , b came a

r B rinke rhoﬁf prominent publishe in New York . His son , David 1 835 of Ivi son , born in , was also a prominent publisher and founder 1 2 the American Book Company . John Wilson ( 80 born in Glas

i s gow , was founder of the famous print ng ﬁrm of John Wil on and

C s . Son of ambridge , Massachusetts , now Harvard University Pres 1 825 S eas ide L ibrar Fires ide George Munro ( publisher of the y,

Com anion . s . p , etc , was of Scotti h descent In the course of his life

i a s he gave away half a million dollars for educat on l purpo es . What ever may be thought o f his appropriating the works of British authors without compensation it cannot be denied that he did a great deal to

s rai e the literary taste among the poorer classes in this country . Ge orge William Childs ( 1 829 publisher and proprietor of the Philadel hia P u blic L e d e p g r, was of Scottish descent . Robert Clarke ( 1 829 founded of the great Cincinnati publis hing house of Robert

C Co . o f larke and , was born in the town Annan in Dumfriesshire . Norman Le s lie Munro ( 1 842 publis her of the Family S tory P aper ’ s and founder o f Munro Publishing House, was born in Nova Scotia of Scottish ancestry .

. his s John Baine , born in St Andrews , in partnership with grand on , s — establi hed the ﬁrst typ e foundry in Philadelphia in 1 787 . Their ﬁrm cast the types for a portion of the American edition of the E ncyclo ae dia B ritannica i 1 79 1 p , reprinted in Ph ladelphia in . Archibald Binny,

' 1 763 be E ( born in Porto llo , near dinburgh , and James Ronald s on d ( also born in Scotland , succeeded to and carried on the

s 1 business establi hed by Baine , In 797 they cast the ﬁrst sign used s t in thi country . The quali y and art of their product was in no wi s e inferior t o the E uropean and the sale of foreign made types ceased shortly after they established their business . Their f oundry kept pace with the growth of the country and in the seventies of last century

- became the best and most extensive letter foundry in the world . Archi 1 1 2 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AME RI CA bald Binny loaned the United States Government the sum of

o f 1 81 2 - 1 4 dollars for use in the war . Ronaldson was ﬁrst president of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia ( 1 824 an institution in o 1 83 1 r h which he to k a great interest , and in p esented to P iladelphia “ e a t a the b u iful cemetery bearing his n me . He was described as an ”

of . upright, frugal and honest man, and a lover his adopted country Ge 1 781 E t orge B ruce ( born in dinburgh , along with his bro her d David intro uced the art of stereotyp ing, the secret of which David

1 81 6 for sec ured in E dinburgh . In they purchased a foundry type e u - m aking and stereotyp ing , and G orge Br ce in his seventy eighth year o f age produced type which has rarely bee n excelled for beauty o f de “ sign and neatness of ﬁnish . He did much toward facilitating American i n the s print ng and towards making it a ﬁne art , inve ting, with assi t - o e . ance f his n phew , David Bruce , Jr a successful type casting m 1 machine which has co e into general use . Thomas Mackellar ( 1 8 2 one o f t printer and poet, also the leading ype founders, was of

a M cK e an 1 Scottish parentage . Willi m Vincent , born in 820 of Ulster

was s - r -in Scot des cent, another distingui hed type founde and editor

P hilade l hia u li L d e chief of the p P b c e g r for many years . Another individual who may be included under this head is Adam Ramage who was born in Scotland and died at an advanced age in Philadelphia in a u i i 1 850. He was distinguished as a m nufact rer of pr nt ng presses “ ” s in the beginning of la t century , and patented the Ramage press in 1 1 8 8.

1 1 4 S COTLAN D’S MAR K ON AM E RI CA and mineral and shell collections of the former are preserved ina o f Ne w separate room the York Public Library . Hugh Auchincloss 1 81 7-90 ( ) and John Auchincloss, his brother, sons of Hugh Anchiu closs of Paisley, were prominent merchants in the city . Robert Lenox k . i Kennedy (b ban er and public spirited cit zen, grandson of a o f Scot , was President the Trustees of the New York Public Library, an institution largely Scottish in its foundation and endowment . James r 1 829 s Gibb , bo n in Scotland in , a succe sful merchant, was President f C . o of Brooklyn Park Commission . James ruikshank (b for Scottish descent , was noted his activity in furthering education in 1 22 Brooklyn . Abram Stevens Hewitt ( 8 o f Scottish parent

was o f C s N e w 1 875-79 1 881 age, Member ongres from York ( , and Mayor of the city ( 1 887 John Stewart Kennedy ( 1 830 a i o t a ﬁn ncier and philanthrop st , b rn at Blan yre, ne r Glasgow , gave one million dollars to the Presbyterian Hospital as his golden t o C wedding anniversary gift, ﬁve hundred thousand dollars olumbia t e Universi y , besid s innumerable gifts to other institutions . His will

t - o f left over six y seven million dollars , nearly half it for charitable

r e E O 1 831 of N e w pu poses . Al xander ctor rr ( President om - York Rapid Transit C mission, Vice President of many ﬁnancial

f om Fitchi 1 8 4 o . e 3 institutions, was Ulster Scot descent Th as ( of Scottish parentage , was an ea rnest worker for purity in civil life 1 835 C . a in Brooklyn . harles A Lamont ( son of Neil L mont one from Scotland , was of the original members of the Republican f Party and of the Union League prominent in city a fairs . He was the of t originator the Ramapo scheme of water supply for the city . Rober o f was Maclay (b . Scottish parentage , President of the Knicker c C a C m E i bo ker Ice omp ny om issioner of ducat on, Rapid I

D r . b 1 6 C e tc . 83 Transit ommissioner, Al ert Prescott Marble ( i t o f a recognized leader in educat onal mat ers , President the Board o f n the e E a Superintende ts of New York D partment of duc tion , was a

n of o descendant of o e of the Scots settlers Maine . Robert Macy Gall 1 837 e way ( b . m rchant and banker , had a considerable part in de E ve loping the elevated railroads of the city . ugene Gilbert Blackford “ 1 839 of ( merchant and ichthyologist, Scottish descent, did more to advance the interests of ﬁsh culture in this country than any ” on f other man . He wrote much the subj ect and to his ef orts was due

r th e . the c eation of the Aquarium at Battery Alexander Taylor, born \ in 1 82 1 o f in Leith , Scotland , , was founder the ﬁrm of Alexander ’ i c Taylor s Sons . Walter Scott , manag ng Dire tor of Butler Brothers , born in Canada, of Scottish parentage, is widely known as a liberal promoter of education , art , athletics , and patriotism . SCOTTISH SOCIE TIE S IN THE UNITE D STATE S

That the Scots in America have not bee n solely devoted to business and the promotion o f their own selﬁsh welfare is evidenced by the remarkable growth of their numerous Societies based upon the exten sion of fellowship among Scots in the N e w World and for the col lection and distributionof charitable funds among the poor and needy ’ o f their countrymen . The oldest of these Societies , the Sc ots Char itable e of t 6 1 657 Soci ty Bos on , was founded January , , with twenty ’ was seven members . It followed by the St . Andrew s Club of

C . C. o f 1 729 harleston , S (the ﬁrst to bear the name St . Andrew ) , ; ’ f a . o 7 1 749 the St Andrew s Society Phil delphia , December , ; the St . ’ ’ f a 1 750 o G . Andrew s Society Savannah , , ; the St Andrew s Society N e w m 1 o f the Province , afterward of the State of York , Nove ber 9 , ’

Y . 1 756 . ; and the St Andrew s Society of Albany , N . , November 1 0, 1 i f 803 ; until at the present t me , there is no city o any size or impor ’

not . or tance in the country that does have its St Andrew s Society, n C i C m mori Bur s or aledon an lub , which serves to keep alive the é e s o f - the home land , to instil patriotism toward the adopted country , and to aid the distressed among their kinsfolk . There are now more than oc O one thousand of these S ieties in America , including the rder of 1 878 Scottish Clans (organized , ) a successful fraternal , patriotic and e b neﬁcial order, with more than one hundred separate clans , and the o f Daughters Scotia , a rapidly growing order for women of Scottish z 1 898 organi ed in . CONCLUSION

It is the knowledge that Scotsmen have done their share in buildi ng up the great Republic that makes them proud o f its progress and in spires them to add to its glories and advantages in every way . Scots

' a e men, as nationality , are ev rywhere spoken of as good and loyal can o f citizens, while Americans who trace a family residence a century in the country are proud if they can count among their ance s

one tors some who hailed from the land of Burns , and it is a knowl o f t of — edge all this in urn , that makes the American Scot to day proud of his country s record and his citizenship and irnpels him to be as devoted to the ne w land as it was possible for him t o ha ve been to m ani d d re e . ol the old had he in it In America , the old traditions , the it s old o not blue ﬂag with white cross, the D ric , are forgotten , but are o S n u rished , and preserved, and honored , and spoken by cotsmen on every side with the kindliest sentiments on the part of those to whom a k d i they are alien . Americ ns know and ac nowle ge that the trad tions and ﬂag and homely spe ech h ave long be en conserved to the develop _ ment of that civil and religious libe rty on which the great confedera ha s tion of sovereign republican States been founded . In the United t n States , Sir Walter Sco t has more readers and quite as e thusiastic admirers as in Scotland , and if Americans were asked which of the ’ o t e world s p e s came near st to their hearts , the answer would undoubt — ” e dly b e Robert Burns .

IN DE !

r A be rc omie ame s B e ll an a am 7 . , J , , Alex der Gr h , 9 n t G ov . 5 9. B ll o e l . l ll 79 Aber e hy , Ge rge , ex e vi e . , A M

a G ov . o n 5 6 H n 3 d r , J h . G ov. a s 5 . A , i Bell , Ch rle e ry , a h d r o n J oh ns t one 30. ll G ov . a s a s 5 3 . A i , , Be , Ch rle J me , a il liam 1 Ad ir, 7 . ohn 2 5 . , Bell , , a s a d m J mes 1 08 . ohn 4 2 . A , , Bell , , s on a n 4 ddi , lex der 9 . G ov . o n 5 3 . A A , Bell J h , ,

n . a a s 4 7 . t V. 2 5 . Ag ew, Dr D vid H ye , Bell , Lu her , n Ai s lie , Hew , 81 . l G ov . t Ha ns borou h 5 8. Bel , Pe er g , n o it ke bert 1 08 . G ov . a 4 9 5 3 . A , R , Bell muel , , S , t n I n B ll a na Ai ke , Robert gers oll , e muel a 4 9 . , S D , an n Alex der , Archibald , 78 . Bell , Th om as Sl oa , 4 9 .

lexa nder , r . rchiba ld 1 06 . Bennett J a mes G o rdon 1 1 0. A D A , , ,

Al exander Berkeley Sir Willia m 34 . , , , a n 2 Alex nder Bet hu e ivic 8 . , , D ,

lexander, 78 1 06 Bet hune , M rs . Divic 86 . A ,

l an n e W. 82 ex der t . G o . A Be hu e , ev , R . v Al exander Beveridge , Go . J o hn Lo urie , 5 7 . ,

Alex ander Bigger G ov . S amuel , 5 7 . , , a Alexa nder Binny , Archib ld , , l a n t n G e n a 62 , 70. Birney . vid Bell , . ex der ephe , D A , S ’ o n a s s 2 an . G e n. a 62 . Bir ey me Gille pie 6 . Alex der Br Willi m , , , , n 1 7 an iam C. 1 06 . Bla ck avi , . lex der, Wil A , s lac kh rn o n 1 s on an i 76. B u Gide , 9 . Alli , Fr c , , k n 1 1 4 n a 70. a o . . Alle , Ad m , Bl c f rd , Euge e G )

l r a a in am s s i 4 3 . A l e d ce l 0. 9 Bl e , J e Gille p e , y , S mue , a a 4 Ande rs on . l an 90. Bl ir Dr . Archib ld , 3 t Dr A ex der, , , i n s on a s 29 . a A s s o . u s t ce 4 8 A der , Ch rle Bl ir , ,

' a G ov . £ s t n 5 7 n s on 90. Bl ir u i . A der , Hugh , , , a na t o an s on 4 5 n s on G ov . Hu o ns t on 5 3 . Bl ir Se r Fr ci M t omery, . A der h J h , , g , - a an n 0 n s on L t . Col . icha rd C. 60. Bl ir Fr ci s Pres t o 1 1 . der , , A , , a a s 76 A o n 1 02 . Bl ir, me , . rbuckle , J h ,

a a s 9 6 . A o a s 1 03 . Bl ir me , rm r J me , , u , a o s of a o 1 03 . la s , 1 05 . Arm ur Chic , B ir, me 4 m s s a a s 2 9 3 3 . r n e n o n 6 1 . la o 3 A rms t o Bri . J h . B ir , C m i ry J me , , ,

ai G ov . o n 34 . t re s . s t A l an 4 0. Bl r, J h , Ar hur e er , , hn I ns le 1 05 1 06 t o n a o 2 8 . Bla ir e , . A s o r J h J c b , , , ,

r a {gont orne r 4 4 . Auchi ncl os s Hugh . 1 1 4 . Bl ir , g y, , , ,

a a 1 06 . uchin l os s H gh r. 1 1 4 . Bl ir, S muel , A c u , , , B onn o t 1 1 0 in oss o n 1 1 4 . er , R ber , . Auch cl J h , ‘ C l n 2 0. o t o . A u chm u t R o t 87 . B uq ue . He ry , ber , y, o o ) o n 22 v. a l 84 . B we , ( B wie , J h , A uchmuty, Re S mue ,

B o wie Gov . o bert 54 . , R , 2 B owie Ja mes 6 . B a n Ge o rge 1 05 . , , , ,

o Col. oh n 2 0. n 1 1 1 . B wyer , ai n oh , , B i e ,

r W 7 B o Col. illiam 20 . co c . 9 . er , B a ird . , g

B o A a 1 09 . tt 1 02 . d m B aird M a hew , y , , a n n t on 68. B oyd vid Fre ch , 79 . , D B a ird pe cer Fulle , , S r

o G ov . am s E . 5 8 an o t o . B yd , J e , B cr f , Ge rge 4

o ohn 9 . n ni nad c 70. B yd , 7 B a rb our Edwi , , , y

o hos . 79 . a ri s o n 1 03 . B yd kett Ge o . , Duc , B arb our H r . ,

4 B oyd ev . Willi am 1 4 . m s 5 . , v . a R B arb our G o J e , ,

a G ov o n e n 59 . o li a 1 04 . Br dy , . J h Barb ur Wil m , ,

at tt Gov . o n S an 30. Bre hi , J h , Ba rclay lex der , , A

n a s 29 . i a 1 6 . Brechi , J me , B arc l D vid , y,

n l an 1 9 26 . o t 87 . Brecki ridge , A ex der , , B ar lay avi be , c , D d R r n n a n 84 . Brecke rid ge , He ry , B arcl y Rev . He ry , , a n n a n 1 6 84 87 . Br cke ridge He ry M rie , Ba rcla y o h , , , , ,

a n i H. 8 1 . a a John a s 9 7 . Br cke r dge , Hugh B rcl y , Ch rle ,

n o n 2 6 . v t 1 6 32 . , , a . o Brecke ridge h Barcl y G o R ber , , , - n a 1 n i J . o ll 26 4 s . C l o a 99 . Brecke r dge , Pre J h be B arclay , o . Th m s , C , ,

2 1 Breckenridge i os e h abell , 26 . B aron Alex ander , . , p C ii t 6 1 2 Breckenridge ober , 2 . W a 0 . , Ba rr illi m , , n s R ob t on 26 . a G e n. o 28 . Brecke r dge , er Jeffer Ba rt r m , Ge rge , i n Bre ton 26 . a ll s a 1 9 . Brecke ridge , Wm mpbe , . B xt er, Gecr e , C

n 2 1 B re hin a s , 29 . B oat “ Col . i ian g , me ,

a E a 36 . a 3 1 . Brev rd , br im Bean Dr . J mes , , , n t o i n Brice Se a r alv St ewart 46 . Bean o hn, 26 . , , ,

1 s an t 86 . Bean Lu s s e ll 3 . Bri b e , Alber , ,

s an o e t 2 1 . W i a 3 1 . Bri b e , R b r , a n a t . Be , C p ill m ,

o n l 54 . ns 1 06 . Br w be , A B ca t h Ro bert Bur , , ,

o n an 1 05 . n s 89 . Br w , Alex der , Beat ty Joh We ley , ,

o n a o n 1 08. nat a s B m 4 6 . Br w , M y r A drew, B e k e o r J me u e , c , S , r S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA 1 1 9

n 56 . o n s a l Gov . av 54 . Br w , A gu , C mpbe l , D id ,

o n Gov . atz 58. a n an 1 7 . Br w , Gr , C mpbell , Du c ,

o n ot s 1 05 . a n a n H. 96 . Br w , Br her , C mpbell, Du c ,

o n a a 8 1 . a Geo . as in ton 4 2 . Br w , D vid P ul , C mpbell , W h g ,

o n G ov . a n 54 . a Br w , Fr k , C mpbell ,

s ta s 73 . Brown Dr . Gu vu , a , C mpbell ,

t a I I I 73 . Brown Dr . Gu s vus ( ) , a , C mpbell ,

o n . s t a s R . 7 3 a Br w , Dr Gu vu , C mpbell ,

o n nat o a s 4 5 . a Br w , Se r J me , C mpbell , o n o n a Br w , J h , C mpbell ,

56 . o n Go v . N il S . a Br w , e , C mpbell , M Bro wnlee Kat heri ne . , 83 . a , C mpbell ,

a 92 . l . a n 34 . Bruce , A ex C mpbell , C mpbell , ,

a 1 1 2 . a Bruce , D vid , C mpbell , 2 a r . 1 1 . a Bruce , D vid , J , C mpbell , of 83 a o N 32 . Bruce , Ge e C mpbell , L rd eil ,

hiba l 69 . . rc a o t 9 1 . Bruce , Dr C mpbell , R ber ,

80 . a t n o am a n s 22 . Bruce , C heri e W lf , pbell , S der , C 0 0 1 1 2 a v o 8 . Go . os . tc ll 58. Bruce , Ge rge , , C mpbell , Th Mi he , 3 Bruce Walla ce , 8 . ampbell , William 20. , ' C W a 6 9 . a o l a 5 3 . Bruce, Dr . Willi m , C mpbell , L rd il i m ,

o as a G ov. . o n 5 6. Bryce , Th m C mpbell , Wm B we ,

al n 65 . a l n s on a A . a s o 9 7 Bry , Re r dmir A drew, C mpbel , Wm H rri , . a nan a a a a 4 9 Buch , C mpbell , Willi m W ll ce , am anan C bell Wm . Wa llace 7 1 . Buch , , , r h anan Ca roe s , Henry , Lo rd 1 7 . Buc , ,

anan 4 0 4 7 . a n n 1 02 . Buch , , C r egie , A drew , Ca rn n anan ocha . o n a 74 . Buch , , Dr J h Murr y ,

anan a a a 1 9 . Buch , C rr ck , S muel ,

anan a t o t 1 1 1 . Buch , C r er , R ber ,

anan a oo o n 2 1 . Buch , C rw d , J h

a r 79 . a s s at t l . o ns on 1 06 . Buckh m , y, C , A ex h , a Jiam 1 1 s t . o 85 . Bui , Rev Ge rge , C uldwell , Wil , 0

2 . a s t o t 7 h lmers Hugh 1 04 . Bui ber , , R , , C

o iba 27 . a m s D r. on 7 3 . Bull ch , Arch ld , Ch l er , L el ,

o I v n S . 2 7 . a s o a s 1 4 , h lmer , Th m i 0 . Bull ch , r i e C , 7 a n o a s 2 40 . s o 2 7 . Bull ch , me , , Ch mber , J h , 2 a s l o a s n oo 7 . G ov . o n . Bu l ch , me Du w dy , Ch mber , J h , 58 C a illiam B . 2 s o t Bullo ch , 7 . h mber , R ber , 27 .

Col . a s 30 . a s o t a 1 05 . Burd , J me , Ch mber , R ber Cr ig ,

n n 9 5 1 03 . a an a s 2 2 Burde , He ry , , Ch pm , me , .

n a s o 1 03 . a m an ar 6 2 . Burde , me Abercr mbie, Ch p , y , Cha m n a . 4 . a ov n t G , 7 p . eube 56 . , R Bur e vid , a s a illiam n t s o t 32 . 9 1 Bur e , Bi h p Gilber Ch rle , , .

n a o I a od 4 7 . a ton a t t as o 1 9 . Bur e , M j r ch b , Ch rl , W l er Gl c , P n t ac ob 4 7 . as a on . 1 5 . Bur e , , Ch e , S lm , Chas s e l 7 Burne e nat or J a ob 4 5 . , David 8 . t, c , ,

22 . s t t n tt oh n 1 3 . Bur e , Chiche er, Sir Ar hur, e W a 3 2 s o - net o . . l a 1 1 1 . Bur , illi m , Child , Ge rge Wi li m ,

n t D r a 4 5 4 7 . s o n 96 Bur e , . Willi m , , Chi h lm , He ry , . H n t . . of N . . 4 7 . s o u . 1 02. Bur e , Dr Wm ( J ) Chi h lm , h J , s o Wi a n Gov. t . 9 tt H 5 9 6 . Bur e Pe er , Chi h lm , li m , Ch r i W ll am 2 ns F a n 2 . is t an . i i Bur , r k , 9 , 0. - H. 3 62 s ti L t . Col . s ns Ge n. os 5 a 6 1 . Bur ide , Ambr e , , . Chr e , j me , la t C a s 90. C in, Gov. Will a m 5 3 Bur , h rle , i , Cla e rt p on, Th omas 22 . , ‘

a ln 9 1 . a o A . 1 04 . C lder , Alex Mi e , Cl rk, Ge rge , C a t n 9 1 . l a Ge n. e o o lder , Alex S irli g, , s 4 31 . C rk G rge R ger , , ‘ a a 36 . a a 1 04 C ldwell , D vid Cl rk, Willi m , . a a s la o 1 84 . t 1 1 C ldwell , Rev . J me , C rke , R ber . a a o an Hon o n o n 2 1 . . 0 C ldwell , M j r J h , Clel d, J h , 2 .

a ohn E . 84 . oat s . . 1 0 4 . C ldwell , , C e , J J

a os e h 7 7 . o n G ov. n C ldwell , p , C bur , Ab er , 53 .

a ov . Tod R 5 o an Gov o h 5 . 5 . . n . 4 C ldwell , , C chr , P . - ’ al o n V . s . ohn a l o an 4 1 . os e h P C h u , Pre C ldwel , C chr , Rev p ! 85 . al o n nat o ohn o an a n 1 C h u , Se r C chr e , Alex der 03 .

a o n at 1 . Colb rait h a on s 4 1 C lh u , P rick , Jeremi h e , . - o n DL Gov . C allender , a mes h omps on 1 1 0. lde , a wallade r 32 1 1 3 T , . C C , ,

a n a t 1 03 . o n a a ad D . 1 1 C lle der, l er , C lde , C dw ll er , 3 . 70 o t a n a . l a l 96 . C lvi , S muel , C , S mue ,

a on l an 1 03 . o t an 26 . C mer , A ex der , C rbi , D iel , n an 2 n a on 2 . o a a 22 . C mer , Du c , C w Willi m ,

a on a s 1 0 Cox Gov . a s 3 . M. . C mer , F milie , , J me , 57

a ro n t 92 . a a s 6 5 . C me , Gilber , Cr ig, me , a g a on Col . a s 4 5 . i . a s 75 C mer , J me , Cr g, r J me , . a on nat o a s n l a o as o a 4 2 68 . C mer , Se r J me D d , , Cr ig Th m ,

h . a on o n 22 . a a a n 36 C mer , h , Cr ig e d , Rev Alex der . . a kc on v . o n 54 . a a d in Boon C mer , J h , Cr i he d E w e, 80.

a o nat o n C ra d R ev . o mer n, e r mo 4 2 4 5 . hea t 77. é , C S Si , R ber ,

a on Gov . a B an ra a o as w 4 36 . C mer ’ Willi m , 5 . C ighe d , Th m ”

a l . a n 8 a e a as 5 . d o 7 C mpbel , Rev Alex der , Cr i , Th m 7 .

a na to l an 5 a . a s 73 C mpbell , Se r A ex der, 4 Cr i Dr J me , .

a l n 96 . an mpbel , A drew, ob t 89 . C Cr e R er Bruce , a l a o ov f G . or . a 4 I 7 . s aa 5 C mp bell , Rev Archib d , Cr w rd , C ie c, 9.

a t 20. a fo a 4 2 . C mpbell , Ar hur , Cr w rd, D vid, 1 20 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

l s D r. o e a o an i s a i on 83 . R b t bs on 6 8. Cr wf rd , Fr c M r Ecc e , r Gi ,

a o Gov Ge o as h n t on 42 o He nr 1 01 . Cr wf rd , . . W g , , Eckf rd , d a a o . ohn 73 . i E dy , M ry B . Gl over 85 . Cr wf rd, Dr , , n a o . o hn a la 75 . s o h o as l a 9 7 Cr wf rd , Dr B rc y , Edi , T m A v , . n s on l a o N a a on 8. a 2 0. Cr wf rd , M c , 7 Edmu d Wil i m , - - ot 4 Go . o a e n m. 62 . 1 . v n 32 a M . G . S a l Cr wf rd, j Wy ie, Elli , A drew ,

a o o as 83 ott a s 2 1 . Cr wf rd , Th m , . Elli , Ch rle , k a o o as 9 1 . s n n o a os s Cr wf rd, Th m , Er i e , He ry , L rd C rdr , 1 7.

a o a 4 7 . s k n o t 60. Cr wf rd , W illi m , Er i e , R ber ,

awfo a is 4 2 78. n n a n 1 9 . Cr rd, William H rr , , Erwi , Be j mi n n G o as i 6 ov . 8 . a Cree Th m K rby , Erwi ( Ewe ) , Willi m , 35 . E rw n I n a ock t t a 3 1 . s 22 Cr e D vid , y ( rvi me 1 n n gov Wl a oo s m e 04 . we ( Erwi . i li m 3 5 . Cr k , E ,

a ! n Ge n. a s 6 0 o s . Cr w , J me , Ewi g, me , n s an n 1 03 . wi g , Th o ma s 6 2. Cruick h k, Edwi A E , n s an a s 1 1 4 . nat o h o as 4 2 Cruick h k, J me , Ewi g, Se r T m , 5 0.

n a s as on 4 9 . n Ge n. o as 5 0 6 Culle , Ch re M Ewi g, Th m ,

a s 20 n G ov. . Da n . . Le e v s , i s on Cummi g , Rev Ch rle , Ewi g Wm d , 5 7.

m ns Gov t a 58. Cum i , . Alber B ird, s ns l a 2 2 . on . l . S Cummi , Wi li m , Fergu , Dr A ex Hugh, 7 . m t 1 s o n a s 5 1 nn n a 7 . . Cu i gh Ar hur , Fergu , me , n W a 4 s o a s 70. . 7 . J Currie , Dr illi m , Fergu , me s D an l 78. on Gov . a s a 5 Curry , ie , , J me Edw rd, 8. s o n at 2 , P rick, 2 . s on s , h o ma 2 1 . T , s on o as , Th m B a rker 5 1 . ,

. a Wm Ezr , 9 6.

n, 4 1 .

0, 33 , 39.

I d, 4 5 .

Perth , 1 6.

' ‘ a o a B e v e rl G ll w y , l h omas 70. , a o a ohn yo G ll y , w , _ 1 06 a o a s . G ll w y o e h 3 7 . , p ,

l a 30. a o a o Sir Wi li m , G ll w y , bert M acy 1 1 4 . ,

ncan a s 86 . a t . n J me a D . 75 . Du , , G l Dr Alex der , os u ncan Gov. eph , 57 . a t ohn 1 7 . D J G l , , n an a o os 5 a t Du c M j r J eph , 7 . G l r. ohn ns o n 75 . , Mi , M ‘ w 1 a d n J nde r uncan avthe 09 exa 2 2 . D , G r e , A , n a 77 a u l ap mes . n . an 70. D , , G rde , Dr Alex der ,

n a o hn 1 09 . n a . Du l , , x 84 . p, G rde , Rev Ale ,

Dunla p obert , 1 02 . a n a 94 . , G rde , M ry ,

a ov . t Pi n lm e Dunl p G R ober c y 53 . a n t 2 2 . , , G rdi er, Pe er ,

n a a 88. ea G ov o n H e nr Du l p , Willi m , G r, , J h y ,

n o a s 1 03 . Gea Gov . o n it 4 Du l p F milie , 5 . J h Wh e,

la v a 23 . D u n , Re . S muel , e s a s 80. Ged me , p , o o n a a l of 2 a nm re J h urr y , E r 3 s 99 . Du , M , , Gedde , me

o n a 90. i a . a Duns m o re J h W rd, s . s o ain 62. , Gedde , rig J me L rr e ,

1 22 S COTLAN D’S MARK ON AME RI CA

ame s n at . 7 a s on n o , Dr . H or io G , 4 . w , Hele B . 9 1 . L ,

a miii on a 1 1 3 . a s on a s 82 r D vid , L w , me , . s J a s on a J t o n 4 . J o hn 8 1 . Chief u ice h , L w , ,

§ aon o as 30 . a s on s a 90 e cr , Th m , L w , O c r

ohn, S ir Augu s t us , 2 1 . L e e , Col . He nry 28. , h o am o ns on G v . cs S 6 . ee , James P . 9 7 . , , L ,

ohn n il liam 2 3 . s o Sir , eiper ho mas 2 8 . , L , T ,

b t n 28. n a 1 1 Geri . Al er Syd ey, Le ox , J me s , 3 . a t is l B rt let , 2 7 . Le e . t 69 . y, J Pe er,

o 2 8. n o s t 2 0. Pr f . Chri pher, Lewi s , A drew , 2 8 4 . C s t o . s s 8. Dr hri pher , Lewi , Elli , v a s n o G o . G briel, 1 8, 2 7, 34, Lewi , Ge . M rgan, 25 .

t 2 7 . L i nds a y , D ona ld , 1 01 Gilber , n s a Li d y , E . J . , 1 03 . L n sa a s n 01 . i d y , me Edwi , 1 n Li ds ay ohn 22 . , , n s a o Li d y G v . R obe rt Burns 56 . , n S 86 . Li en, James Alex . , 1 06 . n D r hn o 73 . Livi g, . J , L itt le ohn B i s ho a 85 . J , p Abr m N . ,

o hns t on i tt le o hn Hu h 85 . , L j , , c le t on 2 o hns to n, c s , 8. Livings t on, A am , 4 7 .

ohns t on G ov . os o n 2 7 56 . n s t on a 2 5 . , J eph F r ey, , Livi g , Edw rd , L iiv n s t ohnst on a , 8 3 . on Col . J ames 6 1 . M ry g , , , 2 n s t on n 6 ohns ton Pet er 8. Livi g , Rev . J oh , 3 . , , i n t on on as o hns t on, Pe ter 83 . vi gs , e id Felix 4 7 . , L L , L ohns ton obe t , 28. n s t on t Van 2 5 . , R r ivi g Pe er Br h , ug , h - n o 2 7 s t o n 2 nd o 2 o ns t on Bri Ge . R bert , . Living , Philip , L rd , 5 . , g 2 i n t on ohns t on G ov . a 7 34 . vi gs Philip ( he igner 25 , , , L , T S ) S muel , , ns n Col a 2 7 n s t on o t 2 oh t o , . Willi m , . ivi g , be , 5 3 3 3 9 . L R r , ,

. a 2 7 . L n s to n o t R . 25 . r illi m ivi g , R ber . D W , , v a r am n s t n G o . Willi m F e e , 54 . Livi g o , Dr . R obert R . , 7 5 . n G ov . Ge orge 3 5 . ivi gs t on Gov . William 2 5 3 3 L , . , , . o a t h a l s 1 02 L ckh r C r e , . n ﬂ ii i 65 . o ga u id 1 9 . , L , , an nat o Lo g , Se r George , 4 5 . n h a an a as s o o n d m 5 1 . og Judge J mes 3 3 . K , A , L , ,

K a Wi a 83 . o a Gov . a s , li m , L g n, me 4 5 . y R t n a n an in 94 . o an Ge n. John . 6 3 . e h Be j mi Fr kl , g K i L , , , o n t t . o 29 . ga , Pa rick 3 3 . Kei h , Rev Ge rge, L ,

ei t h Willi am 89 . o an o as 87 . K , g , h m L T ,

t a 3 3 . o a n a 2 1 Kei h , Sir Willi m L g , Willi m , . M I n h 6 n tos 5 . on t s t s B a t . o c s t . 8 1 . Kell , C p J h . L g ree , Augu u , o a n 1 02 o n t t t Kell gg Edw rd He ry , . L gs ree , Augu s u s B 95 .

Bis ho am e s 85 . o n t e t i a emp , p l , gs re , Will m 95 . K L , o n ﬁ o r e o o a 1 1 1 Kemp , J h . L imer, G rge H r ce . n Hon i a 2 on n f Ke nedy , . Arch b ld, 9 . o , o n E a o 34 . L d J h rl , 22 nn a . o v o an s . 1 3 e edy vid F . 0 . K , D , L ej y , Fr ci T ,

nn a s 8 . na o Ke edy , me , 3 owrie e t r Wa lt er 4 S . L S ,

nn ohn . 1 1 4 . a ll a s 9 7 Ke edy , S . Ly , J me , n Kennedy , o bert Le ox , 1 1 4 .

a t 1 6 . a a s t a s 78. Ker , W l er , M c li er, Ch rle ,

Kerr Edward , 1 02 . a ca lis t er, J ames 79 . , M , o n s 4 M li r err enat o r J h eed 5 . cAl s t e am s S . 98 . K , S L ; , Add , ll err , Was h ni gt on C. , 6 9 M cA ist e r rchibald 63 . K , A , M l n a 4 8 . c A lis te r o f Kille , Willi m , , Hugh ( 98 .

incannon ndrew A . 80. M cA lli s te r a o 3 1 K , A , , M j r Hugh ,

n a nnon a 8 . M llis t e r a Ki c , J mes , 0 cA me s G ra 80. , n a 2 2 M c A lli Ki g mes , . s t e r a tt h e w all 4 9 . , , ' n hn oo an s 1 M cA llis te r a - n s 9 . . b t Ki , o r k h k , , M Ge . o 63 . C R er , M ng Ho n. a s 2 cA lli f i a K i oc h J me , 0. s t e rs o h l de l hia, 68 . , p

K n o . o t A . 75 . M cA l in a nt i l ch , Dr R ber , p , D vid Hu er 1 03 . M , n n 3 1 . c A rt hu r hn Ki zie Jo h , , o Art hur 6 3 . a t 1 2 M h - h irk , mes mi h 0 . cA rt u r, t . Ge n. t 6 3 . K S Ar ur , d M - ov . i a 5 3 . cA rt h r L t v Kirk , R ch r , u , . Go . rt hur 82 . A , n 8 h r at s t 4 . M cA rt u as . a a tt 63 Kirkp rick, Chief Ju ice A drew, , Ch L f ye e , . t r irk a ick, Jud e ndre , 4 8. M cArt hu r D ou las 63 . K p A w , ,

o n 78 c Arth u r ov . Kirkw o d Da ie . M G Lu n an S 7 . , c , ,

o a 9 . t r n Kirkwo d , mes Pu h , 9 M cAr hu , o h , 92 . a o R o r M r - irk ood y r e t S8 cA t hu r. a Ge n. o n 6 3 . K w , , , J J h , i o t 78 M cA r K rkwo d , R ober , . rt hu , . o t S . 85 . Rev R ber , n M woo Gov . a l o a 4 3 8 ac Be a o as 9 2 . irk d , mue r 5 . n K S d , , , Th m , o n Kn x , G e n. He ry , 1 5 , 0 M ac B ea n, Wli lia m, 22 . M r c cB ide J o hn M La re n 79 . , , a a l am an 4 L idl w Wi li Gr t, 7 . a i os . s t on 70. M cbr de , Th Hu ,

a Sa 3 1 . M c B rne s 75 u . a . L ird , muel , Dr Ch rle ,

a ont a s A 1 1 4 . c Ca ll n M . Ge o . a L m , Ch rle , Archib ld , 63 .

a ont an l t t 2 i m , ie co 4 . M c Call n 81 . L D S , , H gh ,

a ont N l 1 1 4 . M cCa ll o n in 1 0 m ei , s t 6 . L , , J h Au e , ‘ a on 1 al M t o as 05 . M cC lu m a . en . an l L m , Th m W j D ie C. 63 . , 1 M a o 02 . cCa nn Wi a nn 6 5 . uder Ge rge , , L , , lli m Pe

a s . Laurie , J me , 99 M cCau l a n 2 1 . Alex der , a a n av n 1 a s L wrie , G we ( G ) , 6 . c . a 74 . Mc w, r me , “ ! M L a r o 7 1 . i cCaw . am s o n 74 . w ie, T dd , , Dr e Br w ,

a s on l exande r 90. clana an Al an 2 L w , , c h , ex der 0. f M , S COTLAND ’S MA RK ON AM E RICA 1 23

cCle ll 4 a a o n of M an, Dr . Geo rge 7 . M ck y, J h ( 1 07 . , M cCle llan o th a a s t . l Ge rge ( e ana tomis t ) 74 . M ck ye , me M S ee e , 83 . , , a M cCle lla n n e r a a J a , Ge . G o B . 1 5 26 . M ck ye, crcy W lla ce 83 . e , , , M c M c Cl llan 27 K e an os e h 78 . e , Ge o . B . , . , p , M cK n a cclell an a mes 2 6 . e a h om s ( igner) 38 S4 . M , , , S , , M c M cCle llan i ro f o n l B K ea n . o as 6 . . 74 . , ev h m 3 . , J h Hil R T , , M c K e an a 3 c an Go v . o t 5 7 . Willi m 8 . Mc lell d , R ber , , , M K e an a n nt ohn a l 1 06 c n t 1 1 2 . Mccleme , H l , . , Willi m Vi ce , M K an M cClint oc k am c e d o n 6 5 . s 1 7 . , J h , e , M M c K e n o cClint oc k c v . o n 85 . e , J s eph 77 . , J h , , M c li nt c k a M c K e e ve r o o o I s C o . aa 6 Rev S muel , 85 , C mm d re c, 5 . M ac K llar h o a 1 2 k Ma o an 63 . e s 1 . M c Coo , m j r iel T , , D ,

M c K e lwa t . a G v . a S 1 1 0. oo o o 58 . Mcc k, Edw rd M ody , y, Cl ir, ~ a n an coo . o n, 63 . M cke zie , Alex der 6 3 . Mc k Dr J h ,

M acCo rit le a t oh n a nz o nal 1 04 . . 5 5 . , C p , M cke ie, D d , M a n a m e s n acCorkle Go v . . a n 5 a o 79 . , m Alex der, 5 . M cke zie , J C mer , M C rm ac s M c K e nzie o hn 3 1 c o k a 9 5 . . , Cyru H ll , , j , a n n M cCorma c k a 95 . cke zie oh 80. , M , J mes , ,

M c s a n kcv . Co h . a s 78. M cke zie , R obert . 85 . , Rev J me , M a n o t t n c Crea a s 1 06 . M cke zie , R ber Shel o 82 . , me , ,

M cCu e ohn a ckenzie obert a it 9 1 . , M , R T , , a n a 2 l o I S . M cke zie Willi m 1 0 . Mccu l ch , Hugh , , , a n m ll c . W . 9 1 M cCu o h Hu 4 2 . M cke zie , Rev . , h ,

M cC urd a s n . o as 0 e o st on $ 1 . 8 . Ch r , J h , Wm D ugl , M c Cu t c e n o o n 1 01 o Ge rge Ba rr 83 . J h . , , , M c u t c h e n o hn t on 2 C o , J hn 83 . Mil , 8 , , a ona cd ld dam 2 1 . M , A , M a nald c , A lexander , 9 1 . ona a d ld lex ander 1 03 . M c , A M c D n a l o ald, Sen t o r A ex ander 4 6 . , c D n l n M o a d g s 99 . , A u M c D o na l d Gov . C a s . a , h J mes . 5 5 . a ona u n M cd ld , D can Black , 80. M cD o n l a d Fl ora 1 7 . , , M c D o nal d, Hunt er , 9 9 . M D n c o ald James 59 . a ona d a M cd l , Dr . J me s , 75 . M c D o nald v s , Go . Je s e Fuller 59 . , M c D on l n a d Jo h 4 6 . , M a na d o n o s 4 M aclau ri d o l h ui 7 . c , L , M a ona ge nat o r a l a os n 4 S . M c y , cd ld , J eph Ew g , M D o nald a M c L e an c M rs h all , 68. i , l o n a a n M c D o nne l J h 30 . M cle , , , M n o 2 M cL e a acdo ou h , h m as 6 . n, g T , M D o a a - n M c an c u l M Ge . nton 63 L e g , j Cli D . , a M an M cdo uga l , Davi d Trembly 70 . cL e , , - M c Mc D o ugall M a . Ge n. lex 60 . L ea n, , j A , ou l v M c L e a n MnD gal , Go . John, 59 . , Mac owe ll a M c L e an D , Edw rd Alex . 93 . , , M c D owe ll a 1 9 M c Le an , Ephr im , . , M l M c n c D o we l D r . h ra irn 73 L ea , E , . , M c D o we ll M a M c Le an . n I n . rvi 63 . , , j , Mc D o w ll n M cL ea n e o 1 9 . l 1 J h , 09 . , , ie , M cD o e l M c w ll, Co . S amuel , 20 3 1 . L e an, , M c D v M c a u Ei e , Go . Ge or e , 5 5 . L e n, William , 1 00. M c M c E lh one , o hn . 1 1 . L e od, Rev . Alexander 82 85 . J , , M , M c E lwa in, illi am H owe 1 03 . cL e od, Angu s A . 1 07 . , , a M cE ne r Gov . ohn 5 7 . cle o d o nald 82 . y M D , , , ,

M c E ne r G ov . amu e l l a a o ! a ona y, Doug s 5 7 . M cle d , vier D ld , 82 . ,

M ac E we n Walt er 89 . M ac lie n dc u an n 22 , , ( ) , Alle , a lliam 6 a an o t 2 . a evi M cf rl e , R ber 8 M clure , , 8. M c M illan an 1 a a a n . (L 9 09 . M cf rl e Will , 3 , Alex der , M Ga l a n 9 M cM illan nat c w ex der 2 . o a 4 6 . A , , e r muel Hugh , S S “ ’ M a M c M illan cGe e o n 69 . o n The U ri f 4 6 , Willi m J h , , J h ( p l, . m ilv a 2 a a n S e n . a . M cG a 2 . S as . e n r Willi m cmill , wxck 4 6 . y, , M J , M cGi l r o n a 87 a an a 1 v a, J h J . M cmill , Willi m , 7 . M c l i ' M ac Gre gor ev . ames , 1 2 1 4 . M i l n, G ov . B e nton, 56 . , R , in s o a P M i M c I lva e s . 8 M c nn os Bi h p h . 5 . Gov . 56 . , C , , J e h , M I lvain S nat r o e h M ac M onni l c e , e o s 4 6 . e s , Fred il iam 9 1 . p , M cI lv aine os hu a dall 7 M c M u rt r o s , , y Ge rge Gib on 1 01 . , n n M c N i r M acI nne s gu ca 1 06 . a Gov . a I lex nder 58. , , A , h nd 2 1 cNai r M c I nt os lex a er , , Fred . V . 66 . , A , l M c I nto s h Co . J oh n, 1 9 . M cN air a muel 66 . , S “ , , I h M r 1 0 . M cN t M c nt os h o n o , 9 au gh , Will am 2 5 . , i ,

M I n e n. a an h c t os h 1 9 6 1 . M c Nau t on . a 4 , L chl , , g , Dr J mes, 7 . M a 2 M a i c I nto s h M ri a . 8 . c Ne l Herm an tk ns 9 1 . , , A i J , M c I nti re a M N il - e n c e G . o n 63 , S muel , , Brig J h , . l nt re Finloe l a 22 M cN il] N 7 M ac y) , . e eill 1 . y , , , 2g M ] cN e il , Wm . Gibbs , 99 . Ro t M c I nt re cv . ber , 85 . M c N e s s o n 2 1 . y , J h ,

Ens a s 1 9 . ac N t n a a n M u t Ca o 5 5 . M ck y , ig Ch rle , , J h ,

o na 1 01 . M r l i acka y ld, c Ph e e t e s i l am 1 9 . M , D , e o 1 07 n N s Mackay G . Devereux ac s on u s on 1 01 . , , M pher , A g eil ,

K a o on 96 . s n I s aa 2 1 M c y, G rd , Macpher o c . , ,

a a a t . 1 8 1 9 . a s o n G e n . a s B 3 M cl y , C p Hugh , , M cpher , J me 6 . 1 24 S COTLAND ’S MARK ON AME RI CA

a s on M o s Gov R o M cpher , Maj or Joh n 60. rri , bert Hunt er, 3 3 , 4 9. , . M ac s on a t o n 1 0 o i s on s o a s D ow 85 her , C p . J h , 8. M rr , Bi h p me , . s n Mc her on o n . T . 83 o is on o 8 M rr , h , , H , M c P he rs {z o s o he v o n on, o t 83 . M rri n . J h , 85 . hber , a na A 2 s W o s on o . 1 . on Ge n. a 6 1 . M rri Le rd 83 M cpher illi m , , ,

a n n ll o G ov . a 57 M cq uee o ga 22 . M rrow , Jeremi h , . M , dov n o a B 7 . cR a e , . o 5 7 . r s e muel F . . 7 M S , J h , a a - n o an cr e Bri Ge . illiam 64 . ort n lex der 96. M , g M A , , M r a n cR ue , Dr . D niel 74 . M ort o , Paul , 4 3 . ,

a an n 4 3 o t on i a 4 3 . Mcve gh , Fr kli , . M r , R ch rd a n o t on l am G 5 a 5 1 . r r . Wi li . . , 7 . c e gh W y e M , D T M v , ,

M ac : oar ohn 6 o t D r . o n 5 5 6 1 . V , , 8 . M ul rie , J h , , i l n 1 1 M c V c ar ga c lm o t r G e . a 2 SS 6 . h o 79 . ul ie Willi m , M , , , , , h 6 . Who r r v . n 9 M c te R . 84 . uir o M , e Alex , ,

Gov . a 5 o hn l an 1 07 . 7 . Mcwillie , Willi m, Muir, A l , 1 1 unro avid A . 0. M , D ,

achen Matthew 1 7 . Mu nro , Geo rge , 1 1 1 . M , , A n o N an 1 1 a o an 1 09 . u r orm e s lie 1 . M L , M c mb , l ex der, , n a o a 1 n o a 9 3 . M c mb Willi m , 09 . Mu r e , D iel , 6 a famil ie s 1 03 . unr oe G ov . J o hn 2 . gill M , , M , M i l n o at an 9 3 N . a on e a o Van B . 92 . Mu r e , h iel , g g , H r ld ,

M a oni le 2 o a s a 9 3 . o 9 . g g , J hn, Murd ch , me Edw rd , iam a oon I s aa 3 1 . o ill urd ch , , M g , c, M 1 a o an o 63 . o a s 8 . M gruder , C mm der Ge rge , Murd ck , me ,

M h a a t an 6 . a G e n. o n B . 6 3 . Murr y . Alex der, 5 ruder , p , , a v n M a emie ev . rances 22 84 1 1 3 . Murr y , G o . Eli Ho us to , 5 9 . , R , , ,

a o . M alc o lm Willia m 9 7 . Murr y , Ge rge , 90 ,

R a o n 2 1 . ant o t ru ce 93 . urr y h M , M ell R ber , , , a o hn n o a ble r . lbert P . 1 1 4 . Murr y , , Ea rl of Du m re , 32 , M r , D A ,

n 7 a s t 22 . a on Ge . 2 . urr y , ick, ri , M r M ,

a s a ohn 1 7 . M r h ll , l ' a s a s ti o n 8 a n o as 2 1 . r h ll bie Ju ce J h 4 . ir e Th m M , r , R a R ns a 2 a s al o as 1 7 . e ill, ich rd e h w , 5 . M r h l , Th m Wm an 0 a N s on . a s a 1 03 . eil , All , 8 . M r h ll , Willi m, a M a rt in Alexander , 79 . el s on, S muel , 4 9 . , n i h ols on a 65 a t n ov . a 34 . c r i G lex der , F mily , . M , A , ohn a N s t n s t s a t n Gov . n 5 8. i be uge iu ri s ide , 4 8 . , A M r i , Alex der, E

a oah 5 3 o Go v . Noa 5 7 . rt i n Gov. , . ble , h , M ,

G ov . at a n . n 77 84 . N o s o ev oh , , ble , P rick, 5 5 . M , R

as o n . J ohn t 77 . N otm an o n 92 . J h , M , Rev Mi chell, ,

at . otton 1 5 . M her , Rev C ,

a t s Col . a s on 2 0. t o 1 3 . M hew , S m , Ochil ree, L rd , a an M xwell , Dr . Ge o . Troup 75 . liph t David , 2 1 . ,

a l 87 a s 9 6 . 1 1 3 . O , M xwel , Hugh , , Oliver J me a A an x ell Hugh 9 S . O rr, lex der Ecto r 1 1 4 . M w , , ,

a a n 87 . u 9 5 . M xwell , L wre ce Orr , H gh , M at a o o t N an 9 . yw od ber G. 9 3 . rr , h el , 0 , R ,

os 1 1 0. O o t i 9 5 . Medill , J eph , Orr, R ber ,

r a 9 . M n o n 1 08 . Or , Willi m , 5 ei , J h , s r s n O rrach o ! an 22 o o 81 . Meli h Melli h , J h , . ( Orr ck ) Alex der,

M a 2 2 . s a Co l. a a 1 08 . elvil , Willi m , O w ld Ele z r, Da a a l o W 66 . n a 6 9 Melville, Re r Admir Ge r e . , Owe , vid D le ,

Ge n. $4 60 g4 . n a 6 9 . Mercer, Hugh , , , Owe , Rich rd ' D le 6 ercer cas e 7 7 . G we n R ob e rt a 8 . M , , , ,

M ercer , ohn, 87 .

M . o n Franms S4 . ( Page) R obe rt . l 9 . ercer v h , , , a s 0 a s o n a a M ichie Hon. J me 2 . P r s , Wm B rel 99 . , , at n M a - t t 6 8. P ers o , y Ge n. ohn 62 . Michie , Pe er Smi h , , t iddle ton, D r . Pe er, 74 . Pat ers o n, M att hew , 3 1 . l o as at v : a M il e r di s n h om 89 . P er s on Go Willi m , 33 4 9 . , Ad T , , t at R Miller G ov . S te he n Deca ur SS . P ill o, e v . Henry , 3 0. , ,

M illi a n ohn 4 8 . Paton, J oh n 1 7 . f, g , J

t e n s M cK ni h a t t s on Ca oll o 68 . Mi chel . C . rm by g t, 70. P er , rlile P ck , a n t . O an 74 . tt s o a s nn 79 . i chell r lex der , P er , me e edy M D A K , , n att s on ﬂo t 7 7 t a 1 05 . P er , ber , . Mi chell , Alex der , G v o at t o itchell o . avid Br die , 5 5 . s on, t M . , 7 7 . M , D P er R ber t ona att s on a n a i chell , l Grant 82 . P i , Dr. Gr ville Sh r 74 . M D d , n G o n M t h ll He nr 9 3 . att o ov . 4 ‘ P , J h Mercer . i c e , ,

K 7 att on o t 5 4 . t . Jon Mi chell Dr h . 4 . P , R ber , , a t t n Ro t l itchell enat or J ohn e n m 4 6 . P o , G ov . be i ler , 5 6 . M , S L dru r M , P k t a a 7 . e c ove r a s 9 7 . Mi chell , M ri , 0 , J me , t a s m n D r. as 74 . Perth , J me Drum o d , Ea rl of Mi chell , Sil Weir , ,

t a 7 0. tt s o a s 85 . Mi chell Willi m , Pe igrew , Bi h p Ch rle , M oﬁ a s 2 a G v o n o . N t C . 8 . o t n 5 8 , J , Ph rr, J h ew , .

on t ao e o 2 a a t 5 8 . , ( L 0. Ph rr W l er, M e meG rge , , n o o n 40 . Phillips Wm . ddis on 64 . M r e , A drew , A , M on o P a s D n an r e res . , 4 0. Phyfe , u c , 9 3 . , t o m e ri Jov n 3 ns e n n n e ( m. eJ oh , 2 . Picke , G . drew , 5 5 , 6 1 . g , A

ont o n n an 68. ns Go v. n 5 5 . M g mery , Edmu d Du c , Picke , A drew ,

ont o o n 1 9 . ns G v . Is a 5 M g mery J h , Picke , o r el , 6 . ,

M ont om e r a t . ohn B . 65 . n t on a n 28. g q, C p , Pi ker All , e n i ca n R t M ontgomery , G . c hard, 2 5 , 60. Pit ir ober , 1 02 . 1 07 . R ont om e r os . a i s on . oa o t 1 9 M Th H rr 68 P ge , ber , . y , '

oon ht Gov . o as 5 9 . o Go v . a s 54 . M g , Th m , P lk , Ch rle , l M c a a a n F rlan 9 7 ol s . no 4 . M oo re D ie , . P k , Pre J mes K x , 0 ,

1 26 S COTLAND’S MARK ON AM E RI CA

t a t o t 2 . al ohn 64 . S u r , R ber , W ker, ,

a t t 1 04 . li St u r R ober , Wa lker il am , 2 9 . , ,

t a t o t L . 1 1 3 . a a a s l a 83 . S u r , R ber , W ll ce Ch rle W l i m , il nton “. 1 1 0. a a G ov . a i 57 . Swi , W ll ce D vid , nt n Wliam 2 a Swi o , il 8 . W llace J o hn Findley 1 00. , , o n 1 Syme , J h , 7 . W allace Ge n. Lew , 82 .

n s o 1 4 . Wall ace , Willi am R os s , 82 . Sy ge Archbi h p , ,

Wa rden William Grey 1 01 . , ,

a t o n o ns on 89 . at s on . o hn 74 . T i J h R bi W , Dr , m a o an ll 4 at s on . illi a 67 . T yl r, Alex der , . W Dr , a e or yl o r G e 3 8 . att s o n, 1 1 3 . T , , W , J h

Tayl o r Dr . a mes Ridley , 75 . Weir J oh n Fer s on, 90. , ,

a ylo r, o hn, 7 5 . Weir obert a lt er 88. T , R , a 22 o n 1 09 . o . N at an l . s yl r, v h ie , T , Well , h

a s Lo t 1 9 . T lo r Th o mas , 9 6 . Well , ber , 0 , We ll d hn k e fa ir , G ov . Edwa rd , 3 5 . s t oo o Gei ie 90 . T , , n W ls d l n a Wi a 2 1 6 . e l t o o i lia 9 1 e nt ev . li m , 3 m, T , R , , n en ant , Families , 1 03 . Whit e lexander , 3 1 . T , A

o s on G ov . a P 5 9 . Wilkes on, S amuel , 3 1 . Th m p , D vid o 1 0 h mps o n Frank 6 . a s on . 6 7 . T , , Willi m , Dr Hugh ,

o s on s o l Willi a ms on J ohn 89 . Th mp , Bi h Hugh Mil er , ,

Thomps on o hn d r 1 06 . Will ocks Ge o rge , 1 6 . , , ,

6 . Th om ps on, obert 1 03 . Wil s on Alexa nder , 7 , 90 , 2 H n 2 . o s on . nna 99 . Wil s on e ry Th m , T Ke rd , , ‘ on - s n 4 1 T o n ant 7 1 . Wils V . Pre . He ry , . h rbur , Gr , , n 6 a o t on att , 1 5 3 , 38 . Wil s on, ev . J mes , 3 6 . , R Th r , M hew

an s t 37 . s on a s n r 38 48 . Tilghm , Chief Ju ice , Wil , me ( Sig e ) , , 4 n a 0 T odd , Th omas , 8 . Wils o mes , 4 . a W 4 3 T orr nce , David , 5 0. ils on ames , .

Traill , Rev . Willi am 2 2 , 84 . Wil s on ame s , 9 1 . , i n s a an 2 r mble , G ov . lle 5 7 . Wil on mes Gr t 8 . T A , , M h v . ro u G o . Ge o cI nt os h, 5 5 . Wil s on, o n 1 1 1 . T ,

n a s . t 75 . s on ohn o an 80. Tur ull , Dr . Ch Smi h , Wil , C chr e, ' Turnbull , Fre d k, 9 3 . Wil s o n, n . o t 82 . Wil s on Will ai m 82 . Tur bull , Rev R ber , , , Wi n Pat on on l a B au c 4 urnbull . ers 68. Wil s Wi li m ho , 3 . T , , , p

a l a 9 so n s . oo o 4 0. Tweed e , Willi m . 9 . Wil , Pre W dr w ,

Windrim James Ha milton. 92 . ,

U m h rav ille , ngu s , 82 . Winton l exander 98. p A , A , W r n 7 r a n 1 1 0. it he s oo J oh n 4 3 6 3 3 9 . Willi m g ew , , , , e, A , , EI ar 2 Urie o bert , 1 7 . W ood , I 8 . , R 1 a 4 0 Ur h art dm ond 02 . Woo dro w net , . qu , E , , Woo cv o 4 0 dro w, . Th mas , .

all an o n 90 t ann 86 . V ce , J h , Wrigh , F y ,

an l 3 am l n 8 . an 7 . o 7 Verpl ck , Gu i C Wylie , S ue Br w ,

a l . a s 1 9 84 . Yo ung av d 9 9 . W ddel Rev J me , , , D , ,

a os s 7 8 . o n o ni 1 7 . W ddell , M e , Y u g , J h ,

Wald o , G e n. amuel , 1 5 . Yule George 1 02 . S , ,

Wa lker , Ge orge , 3 1 . - n o n t 2 9 . a L t . G ov. a s A . 64 . ! e ger J h Pe er, lker J me , , W ,