International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering

Volume 1 Issue 4 Article 7

October 2012

ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY STATUS USING NSFWQI METHOD IN SELECTED RURAL AREA OF , ,

V. V. SASANE SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon- 423601, Maharashtra,, [email protected]

V. M. PATIL SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon, Kopargaon - 423601, Maharashtra, India, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation SASANE, V. V. and PATIL, V. M. (2012) "ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY STATUS USING NSFWQI METHOD IN SELECTED RURAL AREA OF KOPARGAON, AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA," International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering: Vol. 1 : Iss. 4 , Article 7. Available at: https://www.interscience.in/ijatce/vol1/iss4/7

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Interscience Research Network. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering by an authorized editor of Interscience Research Network. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY STATUS USING NSFWQI METHOD IN SELECTED RURAL AREA OF KOPARGAON, AHMEDNAGAR, MAHARASHTRA

V. V. SASANE1, V. M. PATIL2

1Department of Civil Engineering, SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon- 423601, Maharashtra,India 2Post Graduation Student, SRES’s College of Engineering, Kopargaon, Kopargaon - 423601, Maharashtra, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Water Quality Index has been calculated for different sources in Pre monsoon period (March 2012) i.e. dug well, bore well, Hand pumps & Prercolation well at Murshatpur ,Chandgavhan & Hingani villages of Kopargaon Taluka, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. This has been determined by collecting ground water 16 numbers of sampling stations and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physiochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 10 parameters have been considered i.e Temperature,pH, Alkalinity ,Dissolved Oxygen, ,TDS ,Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Fluoride. The WQI for these samples ranges from 226.88 to 799.15. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of Alkalinity, TDS, Hardness, Calcium, Magenesium in ground water. The result of analysis have been used to suggest model for predicting water quality,The analysis reveals that the ground water of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also need to be protected from the perils of contamination.

Keyword: Groundwater, Murshatpur,Chandgavhan, Hungani, Kopargaon ,National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index, Water Quality Standards, India.

I.NTRODUCTION Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system developed water quality index calculator for assessing Ground water is the major source of water for water quality.[9] WQI is defined as a rating reflecting drinking, agricultural, and industrial desires. The the composite influence of different water quality availability of water parameters. WQI is calculated from the point of view Determines the location and activities of humans in of the suitability of ground water for human an area and our growing population is placing great consumption[10]. The objective of the present work demands upon natural fresh water resources. The is to discuss the suitability of ground water for human people of India depend upon groundwater resources consumption based on computed water quality index for survival. Human health is threatened by the most values for Study Area.. of the agricultural activities.[1] Rapid Study Area industrialization especially in developing countries Kopargaon is a town and a municipal council in like India, has affected the availability and quality of in the Indian state of ground water due to over exploitation and improper Maharashtra. Kopargaon is located some18 km from disposal of waste in urban areas. Groundwater is the holy town of . Kopargaon is situated at about 20% of the world resource of fresh water and 19.88°N 74.48°E . It has an average elevation of 493 widely used for various purposes. Only about 1% of metres (1617 feet) and lies at the banks of the all of fresh water is available from rivers, ponds, ,here are around 79 villages in lakes [2].Use of ground water for various purposes Kopargaon tehsil of Ahmednagar district of state of are mainly depends upon its intrinsic quality of water, Maharashtra. hence it is prime important to know the quality of water resources in the region. The physico-chemical contaminants that adversely affected the quality of groundwater is likely to arise from a variety of sources, including land application of agricultural chemicals and organic wastes, infiltration of irrigation water, septic tanks, and infiltration of effluent from sewage treatment plants, pits, lagoons and ponds used for storage. According to WHO organization, about 80% of all the diseases in human being are caused by water.The major problem with ground water is that once contaminated, it is difficult to restore its quality. Hence there is need and concern for protection and management of ground water KOPARGAON quality. National

International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 –5721, Volume-1, Issue-4 252 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

depicted .It is observed that the most dominant water level range in the Kopargaon Taluka is 5 to 20 m bgl.

II.METHODOLOGY

Total 16 samples of ground water samples were collected from selected rural area viz. Murshatpur ,Hingani & Chandgavan villages which is situated in Kopargaon taluka in Ahmednagar district . The Fig 1. Location Map of the study area samples were collected from dug well, tube well, Percolation well, HP during the pre monsoon period Deccan Traps occupy about 95% area of the (March-2012) above collected samples were analyzed Ahmednagar district and it occurs as basaltic lava for various water quality parameters by using flows. which are normally horizontally disposed over Physico-chemical analysis [1] viz.Temperature,pH, a wide stretch and give rise to table-land type of Alkalinity ,Dissolved Oxygen, Total Hardness , topography also known as plateau. These flows occur Calcium , Magnesium , Fluoride , Chloride, & TDS in layered sequence ranging in thickness from 15 to by using standard procedure recommended by NEERI 50 m. Flows are represented by massive portion at [6] bottom and vesicular portion at top and are separated from each other by marker bed known as bole bed. Selection of Sampling Stations : The thickness of weathering varies widely in the Kopargaon Tahsil: There are around 79 villages in district form 5 to 25 m bgl. The weathered and Kopargaon tahsil among nearly 18 villages located on fractured trap occurring in topographic lows form the the bank of Godawari river. The economy of main aquifer in the district.The water bearing zones the tehsil is driven mainly by agriculture occurring between the depths of 20 and 40 m are with sugarcane being the major cash crop of the weathered interflow or shear zones and yield water region. Kopargaon has been on the forefront of under semi confined conditions. However the nature developments in agriculture with most modern and density of vesicles, their distribution, inter- technologies being made available to the farmers for connection, depth of weathering and topography of the advantage of cultivation. However, due to the area are the decisive factors for occurrence and increased competition, shortage of water resources in movement of ground water in vesicular units. The the area and mainly due to politics the agriculture massive portion of basaltic flows are devoid of water, based economy has been on a steep downfall. Due to but when it is weathered, fractured, jointed or contain intensive irrigation groundwater quality in Kopargaon weaker zones ground water occurs in it. The yield of tahsil has deteriorated and found non potable for the dugwells ranges from 2 to 3655 lpm, whereas that drinking purposes. Kopargaon Tahsil comes under of borewells ranges from 500 lph to about 20000 Salinity zone so , Hardness,Total dissolved solides lph.[5] and alkalinity ,Nitrate content , fluoride ,chloride etc.

parameter excesses observed higher side as per WHO and BIS recommendation. For this project,we have collected groundwater samples from Murshatpur , Chandgavhan and Hingani villages , these villages having population as per census (2011) 3111,738,848 soul respectively [3]. For Study Area there is no any assured surface source for drinking water purpose therefore,mostly all villagers depends upon Bore well ,dug well and Hand pump water for domestic purposes .

TABLE 1: LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE OF STUDY AREAS

sr Village Latitude Longitude Name 1 Murshatpur 19 74 0 0 53‘18.74” N 26‘31.15” E Fig. 2: Premonsoon Depth to Water Level 2 Chandgavhan 19 74 052’14.85” N 026’37.67” E During pre-monsoon the depth to water levels in the 3 Hingani 19 053‘ 74 district ranges between 1.44 to 30.00 m bgl m bgl. 04.23” N 025’36.28” E [5]Depth to water level during pre-monsoon has been

International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 –5721, Volume-1, Issue-4 253 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

composite influence of individual water quality parameter on the overall quality of water. [9] For computing WQI three steps are followed. In the first step each of the 10 parameters has been assigned a weight (wi) according to its relative importance in the overall quality of water for drinking purpose (Table 1). The maximum weight of 5 has been assigned to the parameter nitrate due to its major importance in water quality assessment. Magnesium which is given the minimum weight of 1 and magnesium by itself may not be harmful. In second step, the relative weight (Wi) is computed from the following equation:[1] wi ……………………..(1) Wi  n wi i1 Where, Wi is the relative weight, wi is the weight of each parameter and n is the number of parameters. Fig. 3. Sampling locations in Murshatpur village Calculated relative weight (Wi) values of each parameter are also given in Table 2. In the third step, a quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned by dividing its concentration in each water sample by its relative standard according to its guideline laid down by BIS and result multiplied by 100. Ci qi  100…………………….. (2) Si

TABLE 2. RELATIVE WEIGHT OF CHEMICAL PARAMETERS Chemical Indian Weight Relative Parameter Standards (wi) weight(Wi) pH 7.5 4 0.1667 Total 300 2 0.0833 Hardness Fig. 4. Sampling locations in Chandgavhan village Alkalinity 200 3 0.125 Chloride 250 3 0.125 Fluoride 1 4 0.1667 Calcium 75 2 0.0833 Magnesium 30 2 0.0833 TDS 500 4 0.1667 ∑wi ∑Wi=1.00 =24 Where qi is the quality rating, Ci is the concentration of each chemical parameter in each water sample in mg/L, and Si is the Indian drinking water Standard for each chemical parameter in mg/L, according to the guidelines of the BIS. For computing the WQI, the SI is first determined for each chemical parameter, which is then used to determine the WQI as per the following equation

Fig. 5 Sampling locations in Hingani village SIi  Wi  qi ...... (3)

…………………………….(4) Water Quality Index: Water quality index (WQI) is WQI   SIi defined as a technique of rating that provides the n

International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 –5721, Volume-1, Issue-4 254 Assessment of Ground water Quality Status Using Nsfwqi Method in Selected Rural Area of Kopargaon , Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

SI index is the sub index of ith parameter; qi is the TABLE 5 . LOCATION rating based on concentration of ith parameter and n is WISE CALCULATED VALUES OF WQI AND the number of parameters. WATER QUALITY FOR PRE MONSOON

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Physico-chemical analysis of the groundwater and the percentage compliance with the Indian standard [7] and WHO standards [8] are summarized in Table 3.

TABLE 3. COMPARISON OF GROUNDWATER SAMPLES WITH DRINKING WATER STANDARD, INDIAN AND WHO (Pre- Monsoon)

TABLE 4. NORMAL STATISTIC OF WATER

QUALITY PARAMETERS OF GROUNDWATER In this study areas, the computed WQI values ranges SAMPLES (Pre- Monsoon) from 226.88 to 799.15 and therefore can be categorize into five types “excellent water” to “water unsuitable for drinking”. Referring to the table 5 and table 6 shows the percentage of water samples that falls under different quality at Murshatpur village. About 44.44 % of sources falls under very poor category, while 55.56 % of sources are under unsuitable for drinking category. The high value of WQI at these stations has been found to be mainly from the higher values of TDS, hardness and alkalinity in groundwater.

TABLE 6: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WQI VALUES AT MURSHATPUR VILLAGE

All units except pH are in mg/L Min- Minimum, Max- Maximum, AM- Arithmetic Mean, SD- Standard deviation, CV- Coefficient Variation Q1-Median of lower half, Q3- Median of Upper Half, Med- Median The computed WQI values are classified into five types, “excellent water” to “Water, unsuitable for drinking”. Location wise WQI values for pre- monsoon are given in Table 5.

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higher values of TDS, hardness and alkalinity in 0.00% Murshatpur groundwater.

0% 0.00% Excellent TABLE 8: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WQI VALUES AT HINGANI VILLAGE Good Water 44.44% 55.56%

Poor Water

Chart 1: Ground water quality status at Murshatpur village

Referring to the table 5 and table 7 shows the percentage of water samples that falls under different quality at Chandgavhan village. About 25 % of sources fall under very poor category, while 75 % of sources are under unsuitable for drinking category. The high value of WQI at these stations has been found to be mainly from the higher values of TDS, hardness and alkalinity in groundwater.

TABLE 7: WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WQI VALUES AT CHANDGAVHAN Chart 3: Ground water quality status at Hingani village VILLAGE IV. CONCLUSION

The WQI for 16 samples ranges from 226.88 to 799.15 All 100 percent of the samples exceeded 200, the upper limit for drinking water. The high value of WQI at these station has been found to mainly from the higher values of Alkalinity , TDS, hardness, Calcium and Magnesium in the groundwater.About 23.15 % of water samples are very poor in quality where 76.85 % of water samples comes under Chandgavhan 0% 0.00% 0.00% unsuitable for drinking purpose. Overall pre-monsoon from obtained results for Study Area groundwater Excellent resources are not potable. The groundwater quality may be got improved in rainy season due to inflow 25.00% Good Water of freshwater . The analysis reveals the ground water of the area needs some degree of treatment before Poor Water consumption, and it also needs to be protected from 75.00% the perils of contamination. Very Poor Water REFERENCES

Water unsuitable for [1] Hemant Pathak,S. N. Limaye (2012) “ Assessment of drinking Physico- Chemical Quality of Groundwater in rural area nearby Sagar city, MP, India” Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012, pp.555-562. Chart 2: Ground water quality status at Chandgavhan village [2] Sunita R. Dandwate (2012), “Study of Physicochemical Referring to the table 5 table 8 shows that all the Parameters of Groundwater Quality of Kopargaon area,Maharastra State,India during Pre-monsoon and Post- sources of ground water the Hingani village falls monsoon Seasons”, E-Journal of Chemistry pp. 15-20 under unsuitable category. The high value of WQI at these stations has been found to be mainly from the [3] Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages, town, Census Commission of India.

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